高中英语基础语法汇编 chapter 3 主谓一致 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考主谓一致核心考点，依据语法一致、意义一致、就近原则三大核心原则构建知识体系，按“概念定义-原则解析-用法分类”逻辑层次展开，通过考点梳理（如集合名词单复数判断）、方法指导（时间/距离作主语的整体处理）、真题训练（近5年高考真题例句解析）等环节，帮助学生建立主谓一致问题的分析框架。 资料创新采用“规则分类+情境对比”教学策略，如在讲解“the+形容词”结构时，通过“The injured were sent...”（表人，复数）与“The unknown is scary...”（表抽象，单数）的对比案例，培养学生的思维品质和语言辨析能力。设置基础识别（单复数情形判断）、能力提升（复杂句式应用）、综合拓展（长难句分析）三层练习，配合即时纠错反馈，有效提升学生语言应用准确性，为教师精准把控复习进度提供系统教学方案。

高中英语基础语法汇编 chapter 3 主谓一致 第一节 主谓一致的概念 一、主谓一致的定义 主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement)是指谓语动词在人称和数上要与主语保持一致。 二、主谓一致的原则 主谓一致一般要遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则与就近原则。 (一)语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指谓语动词在语法形式上与主语必须保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也要用单数形式；主语是复数形式,谓语动词也要用复数形式。如： The little girl likes swimming very much. 小女孩非常喜欢游泳。 Everyone in the town is surprised at the news. 镇里的每个人听到这个消息都很惊讶。 We love our motherland. 我们热爱我们的祖国。 Both cities are beautiful. 两座城市都很美丽。 (二)意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指谓语动词的形式取决于主语所表达的内在含义,即当主语形式是单数,但在意义上表示的为复数时,谓语动词应该用复数形式；当主语形式是复数,但在意义上被视为单数时,谓语动词应该用单数形式。如： Ten years is a long time. 十年是很长一段时间。 My family are waiting for me. 我的家人在等我。 (三)就近原则 就近原则是指谓语动词的人称和数的形式与靠它最近的那个主语(名词、代词或其他词)保持一致。如： Either my wife or I am going to work there. 不是我妻子就是我将去那里工作。 There are five apples and a pear on the table. 桌子上有五个苹果和一个梨。 第二节 主谓一致的用法 1.谓语动词用单数的情形 (1)可数名词单数、不可数名词、单个动名词、不定式、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Smoking is not good for your health. 吸烟对你的身体没有好处。 What I said is true. 我说的都是真的。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不是一件容易的事。 (2)以ics结尾的学科名称,如politics,physics,mathematics,linguistics,phonetics等形式上为复数而意义上为单数。这类名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Politics is an important subject. 政治是一门重要的科目。 Physics is difficult to learn. 物理很难学。 (3)国名、地名、书名、组织机构等专有名词,作主语时,形式上即使是复数,如the United Nations,the United States,the New York Times等,谓语动词也要用单数形式。例如： The United Nations was established in 1945. 联合国成立于1945年。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本很有趣的故事书。 (4)某些疾病的名称,如AIDS,measles(麻疹),mumps(流行性腮腺炎)等,以及一些游戏的名称,如bowls,billiards(台球),dominoes(多米诺骨牌)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Mumps is a children's disease. 流行性腮腺炎是一种儿童疾病。 Billiards is not only played by men. 台球并非只是男人可以打。 (5)表示时间、距离、金额、重量、长度、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语时,如果把主语当作整体,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Five million dollars is too much. 五百万美元太多了。 Eight hours of sleep is enough for me. 八个小时的睡眠对我来说足够了。 Ten years has passed since he left his hometown. 他离开家乡已经10年了。 Six hundred kilometers is too far for me to drive in one afternoon. 六百公里[1]太远,我开车一下午跑不完。 (6)“more than one/many a+单数名词”作主语时,意义上虽是复数,但谓语动词常用单数(形单意复)。例如： More than one student has read the story. 不止一个学生读过这个故事。 Many a child is playing in the playground. 许多孩子在操场上玩儿。 (7)“each/every/many a/no+单数名词and each/every/many a/no+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Each boy and(each)girl has a right to be educated in our country. 在我们国家,每个男孩和每个女孩都有受教育的权利。 Every minute and(every)second is precious. 每分每秒都很宝贵。 Many a teacher and(many a)student wants to go there. 很多老师和学生都想去那里。 (8)由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词或者either,neither,each作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Someone is knocking at the door. 有人在敲门。 No one knows the answer. 没有人知道答案。 Something has gone wrong with my watch. 我的手表出毛病了。 Each one has his own hobby. 每个人有自己的爱好。 Neither of the films is interesting. 两部电影都很没趣。 (9)由little,a little,a bit of,a great deal of,much,a large amount of等修饰的不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： A great deal of work awaits us. 大量的工作等着我们去做。 A little patience is not enough for him. 对他来说一点耐心是不够的。 A large amount of money was wasted on the construction of the bridge. 建这座桥浪费了大量的钱。 (10)主语是单数,后跟with,along with,together with,besides,as well as,but,except,no less than,rather than,more than,like,including,in addition to时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： She,as well as you,is very honest. 她和你一样都很诚实。 Her brother,together with his wife and children,has gone abroad. 她哥哥和他的妻子儿女一起出国了。 The teacher,including his students,is preparing for the examination. 那位老师和他的学生们正在为考试做准备。 (11)算术式通常用单数。表示两数相加、相乘时,谓语动词用单、复数均可；表示两数相减、相除时,谓语动词只能用单数。例如： Two plus five equals/equal seven. 二加五等于七。 Ten and ten is/are twenty. 十加十等于二十。 Twelve minus four is eight. 十二减四等于八。 Three times five equals/equal fifteen. 三乘五等于十五。 Ten divided by two is five. 十除以二等于五。 (12)“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如： One and a half hours is all I can spare. 一个半小时是我所能挤出的全部时间。 (13)由who,why,how,whether或that引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。由how and why,when and where引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数。例如： Why she left here is not known. 她为何离开这里不得而知。 When and where we will have the meeting has not been decided. 我们何时何地开会还没有决定。 Whether we will have our sports meeting on time depends on the weather. 我们能否准时开运动会取决于天气。 How and why that thing happened is not clear to anyone. 那件事是如何发生的,为什么会发生,谁也不清楚。 2.谓语动词用复数的情形 (1)可数名词复数,由and连接的两个动词不定式、动名词短语及从句,或者有表示数量的复数名词修饰的不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Playing the piano and reading books are my favourite hobbies. 弹钢琴和阅读是我喜欢的爱好。 Nine million tons of steel were imported last year. 去年进口了九百万吨钢材。 (2)由both...and...连接的并列主语,不管其是单数、复数还是不可数名词,谓语动词一律用复数形式。例如： Both he and I are students. 我和他两个都是学生。 Both teaching and research work have made great progress. 教学和科研都取得了很大的进步。 (3)有些集合名词如 police,cattle,people作主语时,形式上虽是单数,但意义上是复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式。例如： The police are chasing the thief. 警察正在追小偷。 The Chinese people are great. 中国人民很伟大。 (4)glasses,shoes,scissors,trousers,clothes,chopsticks等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如： My trousers are new. 我的裤子是新的。 His shoes are worn out. 他的鞋子穿破了。 Your glasses are on the desk. 你的眼镜在课桌上。 但是,当上述名词前有A pair of,this sort of,that kind of,a type of等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： A pair of new shoes is in the box. 盒子里有一双新鞋。 This sort of chopsticks is made of bamboo. 这种筷子是用竹子做的。 That kind of glasses is very expensive. 那种眼镜很贵。 A special kind of clothes is being made by the workers. 工人们正在生产一种特殊材质的衣服。 This pair of trousers was made by Master Li. 这条裤子是李师傅做的。 (5)由both,both of,many,several,few,a few,few of,a few of,dozens of,a great many,a good many等结构限定的某个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Many students have passed the exam. 很多学生通过了考试。 Few of us know this secret place. 我们很少有人知道这个秘密的地方。 Both of them were tired. 他俩都累了。 Dozens of buildings have been destroyed by the fire. 数十栋建筑被这次大火烧毁了。 A good many students took part in the English contest. 很多学生参加了英语竞赛。 3.谓语动词的单、复数要视情况而定的情形 (1)当主语是class,family,army,team,club,crowd,audience,government,public,group 等集合名词时,如果该集合名词表示一个组织或单位的概念,谓语动词就用单数形式；如果该集合名词表示组织或单位里的一些个体的概念,谓语动词就用复数形式。例如： The committee is made up of 12 members. 这个委员会由12名成员组成。 The committee are divided in opinion. 委员们意见有分歧。 My family is a big one. 我家是个大家庭。 Her family are very proud of her. 她的家人为她感到十分骄傲。 Class 1 is a united class. 一班是一个团结的班级。 Class 1 are unable to agree on a monitor. 一班在班长的人选上不能取得一致意见。 (2)由and 连接两个并列主语,如果表示同一个人、同一件事、同一个概念或一个不可分割的整体,谓语动词就用单数形式；如果表示不同的概念,则谓语动词用复数形式。例如： The singer and the dancer are famous all over the world. 这位歌手和这位舞蹈演员在全世界都很出名。 The writer and editor of the magazine is my friend. 这本杂志的作者兼编辑是我的朋友。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。 To learn a language well,listening and speaking are very important. 要学好一门语言,听和说非常重要。 (3)what,who,which,all,most,none of等作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式由其所指代的名词的数来决定。如果名词是单数,谓语动词用单数形式；如果名词是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Who are the people over there? 那边那些人是谁? What are the names of the books? 这些书的书名是什么? Which exercise is better——swimming or running? 游泳和跑步,哪种运动比较好? Which are your rooms? 哪几间房间是你们的? Most of the workers are local people. 大部分的工人是当地人。 All of her spare time was spent in writing. 她所有的空余时间都用来写作。 All of the teachers are having meeting now. 所有的老师现在正在开会。 None of my classmates are afraid of difficulties. 我的同学没有一个害怕困难。 None of the money is mine. 这钱都不是我的。 (4)由“a lot of(lots of,plenty of,the rest of,half of,part of)+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中所接名词的数而定。例如： Fifty percent of her money was spent on clothes. 她花了50%的钱去买衣服。 Two-thirds of the students in his class are men. 他的班中三分之二的学生是男生。 A lot of women work outside after they get married. 很多妇女婚后在外面工作。 Half of the peach is rotten. 这个桃子坏了一半。 Half of the peaches are rotten. 这些桃子有一半是坏的。 Part of the guests have arrived. 部分客人已经到了。 Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea. 地球表面的四分之三被海洋覆盖。 (5)在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,定语从句的谓语动词与复数名词的数保持一致,即用复数形式。当有the(only)修饰one时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： She is one of the students who were awarded. 她是当时获奖的学生之一。 He is the only one of the persons who is from Canada. 他是那些人中唯一一个来自加拿大的人。 (6)“the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数；表示一个事物或抽象的概念时,谓语动词用单数。例如： The injured were sent to the nearest hospital. 伤者被送到了最近的医院。 The old are more likely to catch cold than the young. 老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。 The unknown is always scary. 未知的事物总让人害怕。 (7)表示数量的 number,quantity,variety,majority,population等作主语时,有时用单数,有时用复数,主要根据意思来定。例如： The number of the workers in this factory is 650. 这个工厂的工人人数是650人。 A number of people like playing basketball. 很多人喜欢打篮球。 A large quantity of beer was sold out last week. 上周大量的啤酒卖完了。 A quantity of books were collected by the volunteers. 志愿者们收集了大量的书。 Quantities of coffee were sold last month. 上个月销售了大量的咖啡。 The majority of teachers are in favour of her proposal. 大多数老师是赞成她的建议的。 The majority is for you. 过半数的人是赞成你的。 The population of China is very large and 40% of the population live in rural areas. 中国人口很多,其中40%的人住在农村。 注意：a number of用于“a number of(许多)+复数名词+动词复数”结构中；the number of用于“the number of(...的数目)+复数名词+动词单数”结构中；a quantity of后如接复数名词,谓语动词用复数,如接单数名词,谓语动词用单数；quantities of后接复数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用复数。 (8)“this kind of+单数名词或复数名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数；“these kinds of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数；“all kinds of+复数名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数结构。例如： This kind of book is worth reading. 这种书值得一读。 This kind of men is hard to believe. 这种人很难相信。 These kinds of men/Men of this kind are dangerous. 这种人很危险。 (9)当主语是means,sheep,fish,Japanese,Chinese等名词时,谓语动词的形式必须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。例如： Every means has been tried but we can't save him. 每一种方法我们都试用过了,但是我们还是救不了他。 All the means have been tried but we can't save him. 所有的方法我们都试用过了,但是我们还是救不了他。 A sheep is grazing beside the river. 一只绵羊正在河边吃草。 Some sheep are grazing beside the river. 一些绵羊正在河边吃草。 (10)当主语是两个名词或代词并且由not only...but(also)..., either...or..., neither...nor..., or连接时,谓语动词应该与邻近的主语的人称和数一致。例如： Not only his parents but(also)he likes traveling. 不但他父母喜欢旅游,就连他也喜欢旅游。 Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了,就是我错了。 Neither he nor you are fit for the work. 他和你都不适合干这个工作。 (11)在there be 句型或由there,here引起的句子中,当主语不止一个时,谓语动词通常与邻近的主语的数一致。例如： Here is a pen,two envelops and some paper for you. 这儿有一支钢笔、两个信封和一些纸给你。 There are ten chairs and a table in the room. 房间里有十把椅子和一张桌子。 There is a pencil-box and five books in his bag. 他的书包里有一个铅笔盒和五本书。 (12)no...but...结构中,谓语动词与no后面的主语保持一致；not...but...结构中,谓语动词与but后面的主语保持一致；“名词或代词+and not...”结构中,谓语动词与前面的名词或代词保持一致。例如： No one in our class but Jane and I knows this secret. 我们班除了我和简之外没有人知道这个秘密。 Not you but I am responsible for the accident. 不是你而是我应该为这次事故负责。 His parents,and not he,are going to buy the house. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $