第9讲 动词的时态和语态-（讲练）【优+学案·赢在中考】2025年中考英语总复习 人教版（菏泽专用）

第9讲 动词的时态和语态 动词的时态 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆0 考点解读 0◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆0◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆● 考点一 一般现在时的用法 形式 用法 例句 表示经常性的或习惯性的动作 He often gets up at six every day. 表示客观事实和普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. do/does 表示计划或安排好的将来的动作 The plane takes off at eleven o'clock in the morning 在时间、条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时 If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we'll go to the park. 时间状语：every day,twice a week,today,in the morning,on Sunday等 巧学妙记 般现在时用法歌决：用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。主语人称是三单，动词要把-s/-s添。 基本用法要记清，状语习惯经常性。客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。 世考点日 现在进行时的用法 形式 用法 例句 表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作 Look!She is watching TV at home. 表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作 The population of the world is growing faster and faster. am/is/are 十现在分词 与always,.forever等词连用表示满意或 He is always helping others. 不满等情感 时间状语：now,these days,right now等 要点提示 l.表示位置移动的动词（如：come,go,arrive,leave等），它们的现在进行时可表示将来。 Be careful!The train is coming.请小心！火车就要来了。 2.若一个句子以look或listen等祈使语气的动词开头，常用现在进行时。 Listen！The boys are reading English.听！那些男孩在读英语。 考点三一般过去时的用法 形式 用法 例句 -What did you have for breakfast this morning? 过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态 -I had two eggs and a bowl of noodles. did 描述过去发生的一连串动作 Just now Bob turned off the light,closed the door and left. 时间状语：yesterday,the day before yesterday,last night,then,at that time,several days ago等 巧学妙记 一般过去时的用法歌诀：一般过去时，过去发生的事；过去时间作标记，谓语要用过去式；否定 句，很简单，主语之后didn't添。疑问构成有特点，did加在主语前，后面动词要还原。 154 优+学秦赢在中考 目考点四 过去进行时的用法 形式 用法 例句 过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或 -What were you doing at nine last night? was/were 状态 -I was watching TV at that time. 现在分词 用过去进行时表示现在，主要为了使语气委婉、客气 I was wondering if you can give me a lift. 时间状语：at that time,at this time yesterday,at ten yesterday,just then,yesterday morning等 但考点五 一般将来时的用法 形式 用法 例句 将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态 We will not be free until a quarter to eight this evening. will/shall/be going to十动 表示将要发生的动作或情况 I shall/will study harder at English. 词原形(shall 表示某事将要发生，多用be going to am afraid it's going to rain. 只能用于第 表示计划、打算要做的事，多用be going to I'm going to see my uncle next Sunday. 人称) 时间状语：tomorrow,next month,in a few days,in the future等 要点提示 be going to和will在一般情况下可以互换。但下列几种将来时要用will而不用be going to。 1.带有意愿色彩的将来时。 I'm sure they will come and help us.我确信他们会来帮助我们。 2.问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。 Will you please close the window?可以请你关上窗户吗？ 3.在由时间状语从句或条件状语从句组成的主从复合句中，如果主句是将来时，常用wl。 I will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨的话，我会来。 考点六 现在完成时的用法 形式 续表 用法 例句 have gone to十地点， 表示过去已开始，持 I have worked at 表示到某地去了（未 They have gone to 续到现在乃至将来的 this school for 20 have/ Beijing. has+ 回来) 动作 years. 过去 表示过去发生或完成 时间状语：already,yet,just,ever,so far, have/ 分词 since then,“since+时间点”，“for+一段 的某一动作对现在造 has+ She has lost her pen. 时间”等 过去 成的影响或结果 分词 have been in+地点， They have been in 要点提示 表示在某地待多久 Beijing for 10 years. 英语中的动词分为延续性动词和非延续性 动词两种，在现在完成时中，有时要将这类非延 have been to+地点， They have been to 表示去过某地（已 续性动词转换为延续性动词，这样才能和时间段 回来) Beijing twice. 连用。转换方法有： 英语·讲练册则 155 1.将短暂性动词转化为“be十形容词或副 X )The shop has opened for 6 hours. 词”。如下表： ()The shop has been open for 6 hours. begin (start)->be on go there→be there 2.有的短暂性动词可以转化为意思相同的 come back->be back come here->be here 延续性动词。 open→be open close->be closed borrow→keep put on->wear/be on finish→be over marry→be married become→be get to know→know leave-→be away go to bed-→be in bed buy→have/own catch a cold-have a cold get out->be out fall asleep->be asleep receive-→have go to sleep→sleep lose→be lost fall ill→be ill 如：那本书我借了一个月了。 get (arrive,reach)be join (become)->be in (X )I have borrowed that book for one in/at month. 如：这家商店开门6小时了。 ()I have kept that book for one month. 考点七过去完成时的用法 形式 用法 例句 表示在过去的过去发生的动作或存在的状态 She had left by the time I arrived. 表示从过去某一时间持续到过去另一时间的 He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before 动作或状态 he came here. had+过去分词 I had hoped to see you,but there was no time 表示过去未能实现的希望或愿望 at that time. 时间状语：hardly...when.,,no sooner..than.,by the time of last year,by the end of last十时间段，before引导的从句，when引导的从句 巧学妙记 过去完成时的用法口诀：过去完成时，是过去的过去。谓语用had加过去分词，莫忘记。 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ 考向突破 》◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ 合考向一心考查根据 确定动词时态 “this Sunday”可知，这个星期天他们要去野餐， 事情发生在将来，该句的时态应用一般将来时。 (2024·天津中考)一Jane and I 答案：D picnic this Sunday.Would you like to come with us? 合考向二考查在具体 中动词的时态 -Sure.See you then. (2024·乐山中考)一Hello,may I speak to A.had B.have had Jenny,please? C.were having D.are going to have -Wait a minute,please.She in the 解析：考查根据时间状语确定动词时态。句 kitchen now. 意：一这个星期天，我和简打算去野餐。你愿A.cooked B.is cooking 意和我们一起去吗？一当然。到时见。根据C.will cook 156 优+学秦赢在中考 解析：考查在具体语境中动词的时态。句句，使用will be;第二空是从句，从句主语是he, 意：一你好，我可以和珍妮说话吗？—稍等， 动词用第三人称单数形式takes。 她正在厨房做饭。根据语境，打电话时珍妮正在 答案：B 厨房做饭，应该用现在进行时be doing结构。 令考向四》考查 辨析 答案：B (2024·安徽中考)一Excuse me,may I use your 合考向三考查复合句中 的呼应 dictionary?I mine behind. (2024·绥化中考)He much healthier -Sure.Here you are. if he enough exercise in his free time. A.leave B.have left A.is;take C.will leave D.was leaving B.will be;takes 解析：考查时态辨析。句意：劳驾，我可以使用你 C.will be;take 的词典吗？我已经丢失了我的词典。—可以， 解析：考查复合句中主句和从句时态的呼应。句 给你。由句意可知，这里应用现在完成时表达过 意：如果他空闲时间做足够的锻炼，他会更健康。 去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完 句中f意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，主句用 成时。 一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。第一空是主 答案：B ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ 考题集训 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆0◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆ 单项选择 C.will come D.have come 1.(2024·福建中考)When I saw Xiao Wang 4.(2024·河北中考)Jenny is an early bird..She yesterday,he an old man cross the at 6:00 in the morning. road. A.gets up B.got up A.helps C.will get up D.has got up B.was helping 5.(2024·龙东中考)While we an C.will help English song,some visitors came into our 2.(2024·扬州中考)Look！My sister classroom. the table.Let's give her a hand. A.were singing A.set B.sets B.sang C.is setting D.was setting C.are singing 3.(2024·江西中考)-Ohhi,I'm looking for a 6.(2024·广西中考)Listen!The birds pair of shoes. in the tree now. Well,you to the right place.We A.sing have a lot of shoes in our shop. B.sang A.came B.were coming C.are singing 英语·讲练册则 157 动词的语态 ●◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ 考点解读 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ 考点一 主动语态变被动语态的方法 主动语态：动作执行者+主动谓语+动作承受者 巧学妙记 主动语态变被动语态歌诀： 被动语态：动作承受者+被动谓语+by+动作执行者 宾语提前主语变，时态人称be关键。 过去分词勿变错，原主变宾by后见。 举例： We speak English. English is spoken by us. 考点二》主动语态变被动语态的注意事项 1.不定式用动词“请(please)、听(hear,listen 最好学习不停步，被动语态补上to。 to)、观(look at,see,notice,watch)、感觉(feel)、 2.被动语态是由“系动词be十及物动词的过 使(make,have)、让(let)、助(help)”等构成的宾 去分词”构成。主动变被动，时态不变动。 语补足语时要省去不定式符号to,但在变为被动 时态 被动结构 语态时要加上to。例如： 般现在时 am/is/are十及物动词的过去分词 We heard her sing in her room.>She was 般过去时 was/were十及物动词的过去分词 heard to sing in her room. 般将来时 will be十及物动词的过去分词 He made me wait for a long time.->I was 现在进行时 am/is/are十being-十及物动词的过去分词 made to wait for a long time. 现在完成时 have/has been-十及物动词的过去分词 巧学妙记 can/may/must十be十及物动词的过去 不定式省略to,请听观感使让助。 含情态动词 分词 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ 考向突破 ◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆每◆◆◆◆◆ 考向一》考查根据 确定被动语态 动假日了吗？ —是的。如今，全世界都在广泛 庆祝春节。根据nowadays可知，句子应用一般 (2024·凉山州中考)-Do you know the Spring 现在时，主语The Spring Festival与谓语动词 Festival became a UN Floating Holiday in 2024? celebrate之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子 -Yes.The Spring Festival widely in 应用一般现在时的被动语态。 the world nowadays. 答案：A A.is celebrated B.was celebrated 合考向二 考查根据 确定被动语态 C.will be celebrated (2024·福建中考)The photos are beautiful.I 解析：考查根据关键词确定被动语态。句 wonder where they 意：一你知道春节在2024年成为联合国的浮 A.will be taken 158 优+学秦赢在中考 B.are taking 根据语境可知照片是过去被拍的，所以句子要用 C.were taken 一般过去时的被动语态。 解析：考查根据具体的语境确定被动语态。句 答案：C 意：照片很漂亮。我想知道它们在哪里被拍的。 ●◆◆●◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆●●◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆( 考题集训 ●◆◆●◆●◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆●◆◆0●●◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆● 单项选择 6.(2024·天津中考)Lao She wrote many plays 1.（2024·扬州中考)As we all know, the and he “the People's Artist'”. Yangtze River asa“mother river” A.names of the Chinese nation. B.named A.knows B.knew C.was named C.is known D.was known D.has named 2.(2024·江西中考)Ted preferred pop music 7.(2024·云南中考)Chinese by more when he about his favorite music in and more people in the world these days. the interview. A.speak B.spoke A.was asked C.is spoken D.was spoken B.asked 8.(2024·达州中考)一Bob,your room is so C.is asked dirty.It must every day. D.asks -OK.Mom,I'll do it right now. 3.(2024·安徽中考改编)The2024 Paris A.clean Olympic Games in July. B.be cleaned A.holds B.will hold C.is cleaned C.was held D.will be held 9.(2024·成都中考)What exciting news！The 4.(2024·河北中考)Emma got excited when her 2025 World Games in Chengdu. writing as a model in class. A.was held A.reads B.read B.is held C.is read D.was read C.will be held 5.(2024·乐山中考)一There has been less and 10.(2024·台湾省中考)The housework in Mr. less pollution in Leshan these years. and Mrs.Wang's family between -The government has made a great effort on them and their kids.Everyone's got their own it.I'm sure this problem one day in job to do the future. A.is shared B.are shared A.was solved B.solves C.shares D.share C.will be solved 英语·讲练册则 159null