情态动词和虚拟语气 导学案 -2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了情态动词和虚拟语气专题，将情态动词对现在/过去推测功能、虚拟语气在名词性从句与状语从句中的用法等核心考点按语法功能和语境特征构建知识网络，通过西游记角色导入和自我检测题设计，引导学生从语境运用出发自主归纳语法规律，形成完整的语法认知框架。 亮点在于分层次诊断自测和写作融合设计，如“复·自测”环节设置本科、重本、双一流三级语法填空与翻译题，学生可通过错题定位薄弱点，培养语言能力与思维品质。每个模块配有学情反馈表，帮助学生建立个性化语法体系，教师能精准把握学生差异，有效支持因材施教。

英语“预-学-复”案 第 6 周 2025年 9月 19 日 主编： 廖兵 情态动词和虚拟语气 班级：________ 姓名：________ 小组：________ 【考情分析】高考英语语法填空15分，其中情态动词+be done 是一个考试热点。其次，高考英语写作占比40分，在写作中，虚拟语气是写作中常用的增分句型。除此之外，虚拟语法也常常出现在听力和阅读理解以及完形填空中。由此可见，虚拟语气可能出现的题目分值占比150分。 【课程标准】 1. 掌握情态动词对现在和过去的推测。 2. 掌握表示愿望、建议、命令或是与事实相反的假设。。 3. 将虚拟语气灵活运用在写作中。 【学习目标】 1. 掌握情态动词对现在和过去的推测功能。 2. 掌握名词性从句和状语从句中的虚拟语气。 3. 将虚拟语气灵活运用在写作中。 【重点难点】 重点：if 引导条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。 难点：虚拟语气的省略和倒装。 教学流程 环节一 预·筑基（5 min） 导入 Monkey King: I can make 72 changes. Pigsy: I can ride on the clouds. Sandy: I can lift many things . 结论 情态动词的定义: 情态动词本身具有一定的词意，表示说话人的情绪，态度和语气。 情态动词的特征: 1. 不能单独作谓语，必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语. 2. 无人称和数的变化. 常见的情态动词: can, could; may, might; must, have to; need; dare; shall, should; had better; will, would, ought to. 自我检测 语法填空 1. (2016年上海) If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better________(control) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you. 2. (2024年全国甲卷) What should_______________(do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 3.（成都二诊）Your name ought to ________________(include) in the list. 环节二 学·精研（20min） 情态动词 1 情态动词对现在和过去的过去的推测 情态动词 对现在的推测的用法 对过去的推测的用法 例句 can/could 1. 表示 “能力” 2. 表示“可能性” could/ can have done 可能已经做了某事/ 本可以做某事 1. I can’t thank you enough/too much. 2. Jeff couldn’t have gone far. will/ would 1. 表示 “意志”, “意愿” 2. 表示 “功能” would have done 可能已经做了某事 1. The door won’t open. 2. He would have passed the exam if he had worked hard. must 1. 表示“ 必须” 2. 表示 “一定” 3. 表示“硬要” must have done 一定已经做了某事 1. He must be at home, for the light was on. 2. He must have finished the homework. shall 1. 用于第一/第三人称，表示征求意见. 2. 用于第二/第三人称， 表示命令. 1. Shall I go now? 2. All of us shall leave at once. may/might 1. 表示 “ 许诺” 2. 表示 现在的推测“推测” may/ might have done sth 可能已经做了某事 It might have saved my trouble if I had known the schedule. should/ ought to 1. 表示 “ 应该” should/ shouldn’t have done 本应该/不应该做某事 I should have left school, but my father stopped me. need/dare 1. 表示 “ 需要” need/needn’t have done 本需要做/ 本不需要做..... You needn’t have attended the lecture yesterday. had better 1. “最好” had better have done sth 最好已经做了某事 I’d better follow the advice of doctors. would rather 1. 宁愿 would rather have done sth 宁愿已将做了某事 I would rather die than kneel down. 自测 句子翻译 1. 我真的很担心你。你本不应该话都不说一句就冲出去了。（anxious; should have done; storm out) 2. 看着已经做好的早餐，他们懊悔地想，应该先🤔️请教爸爸怎么做早餐的。（should have done) 3. 我懊悔地想，不应该惹怒它的，真是个糟糕的尝试。(shouldn’t have done) 4. 我们在强调保护环境的重要性也不为过。（can’t emphasize........enough/too much) 虚拟语气 语气 是动词的一种形式。它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语动词有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 虚拟语气 是动词的一种特殊形式，它用来表示说话人主观上所说的话并不是事实或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、命令或是与事实相反的假设。 You commit a big mistake. 你犯了一个大错误。（陈述语气) Don’t commit that again. 不要犯这种错误了。(祈使语气) If I were you father, I would give you a lesson如果我是你爸爸，我会给你上一课. （虚拟语气） ① 名词性从句中的虚拟语气：表示一种是一种愿望、建议、命令。 wish 引导的宾语从句 1. 与现在事实相反/对现在的愿望: I wish I were you. 2. 与过去事实相反/对过去的愿望: I wish I had seen you before. 3. 与将来时事实相反/对将来的愿望: I wish that you would stop asking silly questions. would rather/sooner / prefer引导的宾语从句 1. 对现在/ 将来的愿望：I would rather you came next Saturday. 2. 与过去的愿望: I would rather he hadn’t said anything about it. 某些表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词的形式为should+动词原形，should可省略。 1. 一个坚持 insist; 2. 两个命令order; command; 3. 四个建议 advise; suggest; recommend; propose. 4. 四个要求: require; request; demand; ask 5. 其他 prefer; urge; desire; advocate 但是当suggest表示“暗示”时，insist表“坚持认为（观点）”时，其后的that从句不用虚拟语气。 例句 1. The smile on Mike’s face suggested that he wasn’t satisfied with his teacher. Mike 脸上的表情表明他对他的老师不满意。 2. Mike insisted that he hadn’t cheated in the exam with the cellphone and that he (should) not be punished。Mike坚持认为他没有作弊，因此他不应该被惩罚。 3. The teacher ordered that he (should) take out the cellphone and commanded that he (should) phone his parents right now.老师命令他拿出手机，并要求他立即给父母打电话。 4. Mike requested that the teacher (should) not call his parents. Mike 要求老师不应该给他父母打电话。 5. The teacher said it was required that students (should) not take cellphones to school. 老师说: 学校要求学生不应该带手机去学校。 6. The teacher urged that all students (should) pay more attention to study at school. 老师敦促所有学生在学校要更加专心学习。 It is / was + adj. + that..情绪/情感的形容词 important, essential, natural; surprising. It is important/essential that we (should) protect the environment. 保护环境对我们来说非常重要/必不可少。 It is +n+ that....表示情感/情绪的名词有: pity/ shame/ surprise/ rule It is a shame that he (should) fail the exam again。 他竟然又考试不及格，真是遗憾. It is a rule that cellphone (should) be taken back the classroom. 规定手机在课堂上应该被收起来。 It is/was (high/about) time that sb should do/did sth 是时候某人应该做某事了 It is high time that government should take/ took actions to protect the environment. 是时候政府应该采取行动来保护环境了。 自测 语法填空 1. How I wish every student ____________(have) a scientific and systematic study method! 2. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I would rather he _____(focus) more on its culture. 3. (2016·全国新课标II) Some classmates suggested we_____(go) to places of interest nearby. 4. The management urged that the cost of production _____(reduce). 5. They request that things like remaining food not _________ (throw) away randomly and refuse containers at restaurants. 2 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气：说话人的某种假设，表示的是纯属假设或实现的可能性不大的情况. 导入 （翻译) 如果有十亿美元，你会做什么？ if 引导条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 对现在的假设或者与现在事实相反 1. 与现在事实相反: If I were you, I would marry him. 如果我是你，我会嫁给他。 2. 对现在事实的假设: How much happier I would be if I had so much money? 如果我有如此多的钱，我会更兴奋的。 对过去事实的假设或者与过去事实相反 1. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天看到你的话，他会问你相关的问题的。 与将来事实相反或者对将来事实的假设。 1. If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home. =If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. =If it were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 总结 对现在的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/were...，主语＋would/could/should/might do... 对过去的虚拟：If＋主语＋had done...，主语＋would/could/should/might have done... 对将来的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/should/were to do...，主语＋would/could/should/might do... 自测 语法填空 1. (2014福建)If there ________(be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 2. (2015北京) If I _____(see) it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. 3. If the contest ______ (take) place tomorrow, I would probably go and see it. ③ if 引导条件状语从句的拓展 if 引导条件状语从句从句虚拟语气深度拓展 错综复杂的条件状语句: 1. 主句和从句的时态不一致 If I had followed your advice, I wouldn’t be here now. 含蓄条件句 有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表达出来（if等引导词引导），而是隐藏在某些词或某些短语中。如：without, with, but for, otherwise, or等，或隐含在上下文中。 Without air, we couldn’t live on the earth =If there were no air, we ........ Without your help, I would have failed the exam. =If you hadn’t helped me, ................. But for your help, I would have failed the exam. =If you hadn’t helped me, I would have failed the exam. Thanks for your help. Otherwise, I would have failed the exam. = If you hadn’t helped me, I............... 虚拟语气的倒装 当if引导的虚拟条件句中动词含有should, had, were时，可以把should, had, were放在句首，省略if. If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. = _________________________________________________. If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. = _________________________________________________. If you hadn’t helped me, I would have failed the exam. = ________________________________________________ 自测 句子翻译 英译汉 1. (2017江苏) Had it not been for the support of the teachers, the student could not have overcome her difficulty. _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. (2019天津) The workers were better organized, otherwise they wouldn’t have accomplished the task in half the time. _________________________________________________________________________________ 汉译英 3. 如果没有挫折，我们人生就不会充满精彩的故事。(without.....) _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. 要不是这次经历，我就不会意识到家庭的重要性。(but for.......) _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. 如果没有Eric的鼓励，我可能仍然沉浸在悲伤的情绪里面。(without....) ____________________________________________________________________________ 课堂小节 环节三 复·自测（20min） 本科级别 语法填空 1. If I _______(be) in your position，I would do the same. 2. (2010湖南) If he (follow) my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job. 3. If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers，I ____________________(not，be) where I am. 4. (2018·江苏) There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ (have) a second chance to become more involved. 5. (2014﹒陕西﹒T23) We would rather our daughter ______(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 6. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he ___________ (invite) Mr. Li to the party? 7. It was required that each student___________(bring) enough food for the picnic. 8. He commanded that roads_______________( build) to link castles across the land． 9. My father suggests that I ____________________ (get) enough sleep before the final examination. 10. The doctor recommended that he _____________ (not swim) after eating a large meal。 11. I insisted he ________(go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _______ (be) wrong with him. 12. (江苏卷) Knowing the death could (avoid) if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, he always felt he was guilty. 重本级别 语法填空 1. (2010浙江) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _________(save). 2. (2012福建) We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we___________(visit) more places of interest yesterday. 3. (2015江苏) It might have saved me some trouble __________ I known the schedule. 4. (2014天津) _______ he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. 5. Had Columbus turned back, no one could ___________(blame) him. 双一流级别 句子翻译 1. 如果没有你的帮助，我的英语不会取得如此大的进步。(if it had not been for.....) _________________________________________________________________________ 2. 是时候我们采取行动保护环境了。（It is high time that...............) ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我强烈建议你多读中国名著，这有助于帮助拓宽你的视野。(I strongly recommend that.....) ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. (2020·全国Ⅰ)若没有她的帮助和专业的指导，我不可能在英语学习方面取得如此大的进步。(without.../ but for....) _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Steven尴尬地低下头，真希望刚才没有口误。（wishing that......） _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. “要是我当初听了妈妈的建议该多好啊!” 小女孩低声对自己说。(if only......) ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. 要是昨天我为我的所作所为跟他道歉该多好呀。（if only.....) 8. 如果我是你，我会提前十分钟到。（if I were you.....; in advance) 9. 如果我没有和Tom 吵架，我就不会困在这个可怕的地方，面临死亡的危险。(Had I...., be trapped in) _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. 要不是这次宝贵的经历，我永远不会意识到: 赠人玫瑰，手留余香。(Without.....) ____________________________________________________________________________ 11. “如果没有他们的经济支持，我们挺不过来的.”Kash 焦虑地说。(if it had not been for..) ____________________________________________________________________________ 12. 他坐在那里，好像什么事情都没有发生一样。（be seated; as if.....) 参考答案 自我检测 语法填空 1. control; 2. be done; 3. be included 自测 句子翻译 1. I was so anxious about it. You shouldn’t have stormed out without a word. 2. Seeing the prepared breakfast, they regretfully thought to themselves: they should have turned to their father for assistance about how to cook. 3. I thought to myself regretfully. I shouldn’t have angered it, which was a terrible try. 4. We can’t emphasize the importance of protecting the environment too much. 自测 语法填空 1. had; 2. had focused; 3. go/should go; 4. be reduced/should be reduced; 5. be thrown/should be thrown 自测 语法填空 1. were; 2. had seen; 3. were to take/should take/ took 自测 句子翻译 1. 如果不是老师们的支持的话，这个学生不可能克服他的困难的。 2. 这些工人组织地非常好，否则他们不会提前一半时间完成这个任务的。 1. Without barriers, our life wouldn’t be full of so many wonderful stories. 2. But for the experience, I wouldn’t have realized the importance of family. 3. Without Eric’s encouragement, I would still have been lost in the sorrow. 环节三 复·自测（20min） 本科级别 语法填空 1. were; 2. had followed; 3. wouldn’t have been; 4. had; 5. stayed; 6. should be invited/ be invited; 6. should bring/ bring 8. be built/should be built; 9. should get/ get; 10. shouldn’t swim/ not swim 11. should go/go; was; 12. have been avoided. 重本级别 1. would have been wasted; 2. would have visited; 3. had; 4. had; 5. have blamed 双一流级别 句子翻译 1. If it had been for your assistance, I wouldn’t have made huge advances in English. 2. It is high time that we should take/took action to protect the environment. 3. I strongly recommend that you should read Chinese literature classics regularly, which contributes to broadening your perspectives. 4. But for his professional guidance and generous assistance, I would not have made so huge advances in English. 5. Steven lowered his head with embarrassment, wishing that he hadn’t had a slip of tongue. 6. “If only I had followed my mother’s advice.” the litter girl whispered to herself. 7. If only I had apologized to him for what I had done yesterday. 8. If I were you/ were I you, I would arrive ten minutes in advance. 9. Had I not quarreled with Tom, I wouldn’t have been trapped in this place, confronted with the fear of death. 10. Without this precious experience, I wouldn’t have realized that “roses given, fragrance in hand” 11. “If it hadn’t been for their financial support, we couldn’t have survived it.” Karsh said with a wave of anxiety seizing him. 12. He was seated there, as if nothing had occurred. 学情反馈 口 口 口 口 You efforts will pay off eventually. 你的努力最终会得到回报的。1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $