Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth .（重难词汇精练）英语人教版九年级全一册

Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth . 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. litter v.乱扔 n. 垃圾；废弃物 2. fisherman n. 渔民；钓鱼的人 3. coal n.煤；煤块 4. ugly adj. 丑陋的；难看的 5. advantage n. 优点；有利条件 6. cost v. 花费； n.花费；价钱 7. wooden adj. 木制的；木头的 8. plastic adj. 塑料的 9. takeaway n. 外卖食物 10. bin n. 垃圾箱 11. shark n.鲨鱼 12. fin n. (鱼）鳍 13. cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的 14. harmful adj. 有害的 15. chain n. 链子；链条 16. ecosystem n. 生态系统 17. industry n. 工业；行业 18. law n.法律；法规 19. scientific adj. 科学上的；科学的 20. present adj. 现在的 n.现在；礼物 21. afford v. 承担得起；买得起 22. reusable adj. 可重复使用的 23. transportation n. 运输业；交通运输 24. recycle v. 回收利用；再利用 25. napkin n. 餐巾；餐巾纸 26. gate n. 大门 27. bottle n. 瓶子 28. president n.负责人；主席；总统 29. inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人 30. iron n. 铁 31. work n. （音乐、艺术）作品 32. metal n. 金属 33. creativity n. 创造力；独创性 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 1.advantage (n.优点；有利条件)→disadvantage(n.缺点；不利条件) 2.wood (n.木头)→wooden ( adj.木头的；木制的) 3.harm(v.& n.伤害；损害)→harmful(adj.有害的) 4.science (n.科学)→scientific ( adj.科学上的；科学的)→scientist (n. 科学家) 5.reuse（v.重复使用)→ reusable (adj.可重复使用的) 6.transport（v.& n.运输）→ transportation (n.运输业；交通运输) 7.inspire (v.激励；鼓舞)→inspiration (n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）)→inspiring (adj.鼓舞人心的；有激励作用的)→inspired (adj. 品质优秀的；能力卓越的) 8. create (v.创造；创建)→creative(adj.有创造力的)→creativity(n.创造力:独创性) → creator(n.创者)→ creation(n.创造;作品) 9.cost (v.花费n.花费;价钱)→cost(过去式)law n.法律;法规 →cost (过去分词)  10.law (n.法律;法规)→lawyer(n.律师)  11. pollute (v. 污染)---- pollution (n. 污染) 12. protect (v. 保护)----protection (n. 保护) 13. solve (v. 解决;处理)----solution (n. 解决方法) 14.important ( adj. 重要的)----importance (n. 重要性) 15. environment (n. 环境)----environmental ( adj. 环境的) 16. electric (adj. 电的;电动的;导电的)----electricity (n. 电) 17. use (n.&v. 用途;使用)----useful (adj. 有用的) ---useless (adj. 无用的) 18. reuse (v. 再利用)---reusable (adj. 可再使用的) 19. danger (n. 危险:危险物)----dangerous (adj. 危险的)----endangered (adj. 濒危的) 三、重点词组 学科网（北京）股份有限公司18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.write to sb写信给某人 2.throw...into...把......扔到......里面 3.clean up 清理 4.take action付诸行动 5.take part in参与；起作用 6.at the top/bottom of在...顶部/底部 7.takeaway food 快餐 8.instead of 代替；而不是 9.make a difference有影响 10.lead to引领 11.hear of 听说 12.cut off 切除 13.no longer 不再 14.in fact 实际上；事实上 15.be harmful to对...有害 16.so far 到目前为止 17.cut down减少 18.food chain食物链 19.begin with开始于 20.turn off/on关闭/打开 21.pay for付钱. 22.be related to涉及，有关 23.public transportation公共交通 24.close down关闭 25.turn off 关掉 26.throw away 扔掉 27.put … to good use好好利用 28.pull down拆掉 29.win a prize 获奖 30.turn …upside down上下颠倒 31.be made from由…制成(看不见原材料) 32.be made of由…制成(看得见原材料) 33.build… out of.. 用…建造.. 34.take public transportation 乘坐公共交通 35the importance of…….的重要性 36.be an inspiration to sb.对某人来说是鼓舞人心的 37.be known for因…著名 38.bring back to life使…充满生机 39.set up建立 词汇语境练-句子 一、单项选择 1．He ________ a book yesterday. It ________ him 50 yuan. A．bought; paid B．spent; took C．paid; spent D．bought; cost 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他昨天买了一本书。这本书花了他50元。 考查动词辨析。bought买；paid支付；spent花费；took花费；cost花费。bought是buy的过去式，buy a book表示“买一本书”，第一空填bought；第二句主语是It，指代书，cost常用结构是sth. cost sb. money，表示“某物花费某人多少钱”，It cost him 50 yuan符合语法和语义。故选D。 2．The number of students in the school ________ 20 this year due to families moving to other cities. A．fell by B．fell to C．fell off D．fell over 【答案】A 【详解】句意：由于家庭搬到其他城市，今年学校的学生人数减少了20人。 考查动词短语。fell by减少了；fell to减少到；fell off跌落；fell over摔倒。根据“The number of students in the school...20 this year due to families moving to other cities.”可知，由于家庭搬到其他城市，学校的学生人数应该是减少了20人。故选A。 3．—You are too busy on weekends. You need to relax yourself, Dave! —You are right! I have to ________ a few of my activities. A．cut off B．cut down C．cut up D．cut out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你周末太忙了。戴夫，你需要放松一下！——你是对的！我必须减少一些活动。 考查动词短语。cut off切断；cut down减少；cut up切碎；cut out停止。根据“You need to relax yourself, Dave!”以及“You are right!”可知，此处指减少一些活动。故选B。 4．My sister ________ be lazy. But now she’s working really hard. A．used to B．is used to C．was used to D．be used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我妹妹过去常常很懒。但是现在她工作真的很努力。 考查固定短语辨析。used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；be used to do sth.被用来做某事。根据“But now she’s working really hard”可知，此处表示过去和现在之间的对比，所以第一空表示“过去常常”，用used to be，符合语境。故填A。 5．Something is wrong with my car. It needs ________. A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．to be repair 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的车出问题了，需要修理一下。 考查非谓语动词。repair修理；to repair修理，不定式；repairing修理，动名词或现在分词；to be repair错误表达。本句主语It和repair之间是被动关系，须用动名词主动形式；need接动名词主动形式，表示被动意义，“车被修理”。故选C。 6．No free plastic bags in the stores help to ________ pollution. A．reduce B．remove C．provide D．produce 【答案】A 【详解】句意：商店里不再免费提供塑料袋有助于减少污染。 考查动词词义辨析。reduce减少；remove挪动，移动；provide提供；produce制造，产生。根据句意可知，超市不提供塑料袋是为了减少污染，所以用reduce。故选A。 7．The population of this city by 15% in the past ten years. A．increased B．will increase C．has increased D．increase 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，这个城市的人口增长了15%。 考查时态。根据“in the past ten years”可知，时态用现在完成时have/has done，主语是The population of this city，助动词用has。故选C。 8．—Why will they ________ that old cinema? —Because they want to build a new shopping mall there. A．set up B．fix up C．pull down D．put on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——他们为什么要拆掉那家旧电影院？——因为他们想在那里建一个新的购物中心。 考查动词原形。set up建立；fix up整修；pull down拆掉；put on穿上。根据“Because they want to build a new shopping mall there.”可知，要在那里建一个新的购物中心，因此要拆掉这个旧的电影院，故选C。 9．— Tommy, do you often ________ things you don’t need anymore? — No. Actually, they should be put into good use. Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind. A．give away B．put away C．take away D．throw away 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——汤米，你经常扔掉你不再需要的东西吗？——没有。事实上，他们应该好好利用。如果你有创造力，没有什么是浪费的。 考查动词短语。give away赠送；put away收起来；take away拿走；throw away扔掉。根据“Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind.”可知，是指把不再需要的东西扔掉，故选D。 10．I can’t stand people who are ________ to animals. Instead, we should be kind to them. A．friendly B．thankful C．ugly D．cruel 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我无法忍受那些残忍对待动物的人。相反，我们应该善待它们。 考查形容词辨析。friendly友好的；thankful感谢的；ugly丑陋的；cruel残忍的。根据“Instead, we should be kind to them.”可知，上文应是受不了对动物残忍的人。故选D。 11．—What do you think is the biggest ________ of shopping websites? —It’s convenient for us to shop online. A．disadvantage B．position C．advantage D．choice 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——您认为购物网站最大的优势是什么？——我们网上购物很方便。 考查名词辨析。disadvantage缺点；position位置；advantage优点；choice选择。根据“It’s convenient for us to shop online.”可知，这是指网站的优点。故选C。 12．—Why not take this sweater, Li Hua?     —I only have 20 yuan. I can’t ________ it. A．bring B．sell C．borrow D．afford 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你为什么不买这一件毛衣呢，李华？——我只有20元钱。我买不起它。 考查动词词义辨析。bring带来；sell卖；borrow借入；afford买得起。结合前文的“只有20元”可知，李华买不起，所以选afford。故选D。 13．—Would you like to visit the science museum with us this weekend, Jack? —I’d like to, but I ________ it many times. A．visit B．am visiting C．will visit D．have visited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——杰克，你想和我们一起参观科学博物馆吗？——我想去。但是我已经去过很多次了。 考查动词的时态。根据“...it many times”可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，所以此句时态是现在完成时（have/has done）。故选D。 14．—I have bought an English-Chinese dictionary. —When and where ________ you ________ it? A．have; bought B．did; buy C．do; buy D．will; buy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我买了一本英汉词典。——你什么时候在哪里买的？ 考查特殊疑问句。由句意可知，“买字典”的动作发生在过去，此处用一般过去时，问句的谓语动词是buy，疑问句需要助动词did，buy用动词原形。故选B。 15．How kind you are! You always do what you can ______ me. A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你真是太好了！你总是尽你所能帮助我。 考查非谓语动词。help帮助，结合句意，你尽所能的目的是帮助我，因此用动词不定式作目的状语，故选D。 二、根据首字母提示填写单词 1．The house is too expensive for them, and they can’t a it. 【答案】(a)fford 【详解】句意：这房子对他们来说太贵了，他们买不起。根据“The house is too expensive for them,”可知，房子太贵买不起，afford“承担得起，买得起”，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填(a)fford。 2．The cup is made of steel, a kind of m . 【答案】(m)etal 【详解】句意：杯子由钢制成，是一种金属。根据“steel”可知，钢是一种金属，故填(m)etal。 3．Eating too much sugar is h to our teeth. 【答案】(h)armful 【详解】句意：吃太多糖对我们的牙齿有害。短语be harmful to...“对……有害”为固定搭配，harmful“有害的”，形容词作表语。故填(h)armful。 4．I love animals and I can’t stand people who are c to animals. 【答案】(c)ruel 【详解】句意：我喜欢动物，我无法忍受那些对动物残忍的人。根据首字母提示可知，短语be cruel to...“对……残忍”为固定搭配且符合句意。故填(c)ruel。 5．Please give me a b of water. 【答案】(b)ottle 【详解】句意：请给我一瓶水。根据“give me a b... of water.”可知，此处表示一瓶水，a bottle of“一瓶”。故填(b)ottle。 6．We usually r the empty bottle. It’s good for the environment. 【答案】(r)ecycle 【详解】句意：我们通常回收空瓶子。这对环境有好处。根据下文“It’s good for the environment.”可知，此处指的是回收空瓶子对环境有好处。recycle作动词，意为“回收”，句子为一般现在时，且主语为“We”，故recycle应用动词原形。故填(r)ecycle。 7．The earthquake did great harm to the town’s t system. So food and medicine couldn’t be carried to the local people. 【答案】(t)ransportation 【详解】句意：地震对该镇的交通系统造成了极大的破坏。因此，食物和药品无法运送给当地人。根据“So food and medicine couldn’t be carried to the local people.”可知，食物和药品无法运送给当地人，因此表示交通系统受到了极大的破坏，transportation“交通”，transportation system“交通系统”，故填(t)ransportation。 8．Soong Ching Ling Award for Children’s Invention competition gives children a chance to use new technology or s knowledge to solve problems. 【答案】(s)cientific 【详解】句意：宋庆龄儿童发明奖比赛让孩子们有机会利用新技术或科学知识来解决问题。根据“use new technology or…knowledge”可知空格处应填形容词修饰knowledge，且由or可知前后应是并列关系。根据Invention competition“发明比赛”以及new technology“新技术”，结合所给首字母可知此处应填scientific“科学的”，符合语境，故填(s)cientific。 9．— Do you know the a of this type of bicycle? — It’s very light. 【答案】(a)dvantage 【详解】句意：——你知道这款自行车的优势吗？——它很轻。定冠词the后接名词，由答语“It’s very light”可知，自行车很轻属于它的优势，advantage“优势”，用单数。故填(a)dvantage。 10．In Sweden, it is against the l to hit a child. 【答案】(l)aw 【详解】句意：在瑞典，打孩子是违法的。根据“hit a child”及首字母可知，打孩子是违反法律的，law“法律”符合。故填(l)aw。 11．“If no one l everywhere, our neighborhood will be very clean,” Wang, the dustman, said. 【答案】(l)itters 【详解】句意：“如果到处都没有人乱扔垃圾，我们的社区就会非常干净，”清洁工王说。根据“If no one…everywhere, our neighborhood will be very clean”可知是指如果到处都没有人乱扔垃圾，我们的社区就会非常干净，litter“乱扔”，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，满足“主将从现”，此空主语是no one，谓语动词通常采用三单形式，故填(l)itters。 12．The fewer p bags we use, the more beautiful our earth will be. 【答案】(p)lastic 【详解】句意：我们使用越少塑料袋，我们的地球就会变得越漂亮。bags为名词，其前应用形容词修饰。首字母为p，此处应用plastic bags表示“塑料袋”。故填(p)lastic。 13．There is a big w table in the middle of the room. 【答案】(w)ooden 【详解】句意：在房间中央有一个大的木桌子。此处应填一个形容词，根据“table”和首字母可知此处应填wooden“木制的，木头的” ，故填(w)ooden。 14．George Washington was the first P of the United States. 【答案】(P)resident 【详解】句意：乔治·华盛顿是美国的第一任总统。president总统，是一个名词。这里是指美国的第一任总统，是一个专有名词，第一个字母应大写，故填(P)resident。 15．In winter, many people burn c to keep warm. 【答案】(c)oal 【详解】句意：冬天，许多人烧煤取暖。根据“to keep warm.”和首字母提示可知，此处是指烧煤取暖。coal“煤炭”，不可数名词。故填(c)oal。 三、根据所给词的适当形式填空 1．This is a great chance for you to become an excellent . (law) 【答案】lawyer 【详解】句意：对你来说，这是一个成为一名优秀律师的好机会。根据句意可知，此处指成为一名优秀的律师，根据“an”可知用可数名词单数。故填lawyer。 2．We bought a (wood) desk yesterday. 【答案】wooden 【详解】句意：昨天我们买了一张木桌子。此空需用形容词wooden“木制的”作定语，修饰空后名词。故填wooden。 3．We should take an active part in (science) research. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意：我们应该积极参与科学研究。此处应填形容词修饰名词，science“科学”，名词，其形容词scientific“科学的”，符合语境，故填scientific。 4．There are many kinds of (pollute) in our daily life. 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意：在我们的日常生活中有许多种污染。根据“many kinds of”可判断应用pollute的名词形式pollution“污染”，pollution为不可数名词，故填pollution。 5．We students should learn how (protect) ourselves at school. 【答案】to protect 【详解】句意：我们学生在学校应该学习如何保护自己。“how to do sth.”是固定结构，此处用动词不定式作宾语。故填 to protect。 6．We can’t afford any longer to take action in order to improve our environment. (wait) 【答案】to wait 【详解】句意：为了改善我们的环境，我们不能再等下去，要采取行动了。afford to do sth.“承担得起做某事”，此处用动词不定式。故填to wait。 7．Living in this neighborhood has a lot of . The only disadvantage is noise.（advantage） 【答案】advantages 【详解】句意：住在这个街区有很多优点，唯一的缺点就是噪音。advantage“优点”，可数名词，空前有“a lot of”修饰，以此处应用其复数形式。故填advantages。 8．It is only a small thing, but it really makes a (different) to the environment. 【答案】difference 【详解】句意：这只是一件小事，但它确实对环境产生了影响。make a difference“有影响”，故填difference。 9．We should do something to stop air (pollute). 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意：我们应该做些什么来阻止空气污染。air pollution“空气污染”，故填pollution。 10．Many children like to add some sugar while (drink) water. 【答案】drinking 【详解】句意：许多孩子喜欢在喝水时加些糖。while“当……时”，后加动词的现在分词形式，表示正在做某事，所以此空应填drink“喝”的现在分词形式，故填drinking。 11．We (talk) about saving water and electricity now. 【答案】are talking 【详解】句意：我们正在谈论关于节约水电的事。talk“谈论，交谈”。根据时间状语“now”可知，本句时态为现在进行时态，肯定句的结构为“am/is/are+动词的现在分词”。本句主语“We”为第一人称复数，be动词用“are”，talk“谈论，交谈”，其现在分词形式为“talking”。故填are talking。 12．So far, China (turn) parts of deserts into forests. 【答案】has turned 【详解】句意：到目前为止，中国已经将部分沙漠变成了森林。根据“So far”可知，该句是现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，主语是China，助动词填has，动词改为过去分词turned。故填has turned。 13．Lots of trees (plant) on the hill every year. 【答案】are planted 【详解】句意：每年在山上种上许多树。分析句子结构可知，主语“Lots of trees”与动词plant“种植”为被动关系，应用被动语态；且根据“every year”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，因此这里应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为is/are/am done；主语“Lots of trees”为第三人称复数，be动词用are，动词plant的过去分词为planted。故填are planted。 14．I am sure our (act) can lead to a better future. 【答案】actions 【详解】句意：我相信，我们的行动可以通向更美好的未来。此处需用名词action“行动”作主语，表示我们的行动可以通向更美好的未来，且需用复数形式表泛指。故填actions。 15．The workers in the factory were made （work）all day long. 【答案】to work 【详解】句意：工厂的工人被要求整天长时间工作。根据句意及“was made”可知，此句是一般过去时的被动语态。make sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，被动为sb be made to do。故填to work。 词汇语境练-语篇 一、完形填空 To protect the environment, we are on the way. Here are a few things we can do. • Unwanted gifts? Give them away! Have you ever received a gift 1 you didn’t like? Did you throw it 2 ? If so, you can have 3 choice now. Two British companies hope people will give away 4 unwanted gifts to them. And they will sell the gifts 5 money for the poor. In this way, people can make a 6 to the world. • Wear the trousers that reduce pollution! A scientist and a fashion designer have created a new kind of trousers already. The trousers 7 of a new material (材料) which can help reduce air pollution around us. The material isn’t 8 to humans. This new kind of trousers may 9 at the market in two years. • Plant trees with Felix! Felix Finkbeiner, a 14-year-old German boy, is 10 environment hero. At the age of 9, Felix 11 that children could do something to protect the environment. 12 he started a club. Felix soon got support 13 children all over the world.   14 of them have become his good friends. The club plans to plant 212 million trees. So far, they 15 over 3.5 million trees all around the world. 1．A．what B．that C．when D．where 2．A．out B．down C．over D．away 3．A．another B．other C．others D．the others 4．A．your B．my C．their D．our 5．A．to raise B．raising C．raises D．raised 6．A．different B．differently C．difference D．more different 7．A．are made B．making C．made D．will make 8．A．harmful B．harmed C．harm D．harmless 9．A．appeared B．appearing C．appear D．appears 10．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 11．A．thinking B．is thought C．thinks D．thought 12．A．But B．If C．Because D．So 13．A．from B．for C．to D．with 14．A．Any B．Each C．Some D．None 15．A．are planting B．have planted C．planted D．will plant 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，就如何保护环境给出了三点建议。 1．句意：你收到过不喜欢的礼物吗？ what不可引导定语从句；that用于先行词是人或物时，作主语或宾语；when在定语从句中作时间状语； where用于定语从句中作地点状语。根据题干，先行词gift“礼物”指物，在从句中作宾语，故选B。 2．句意：你把它扔掉了吗？ out出去；down沿着；over从一侧到另一侧；away离开。根据下文“you didn’t like”，可知throw away“扔掉”符合语境，故选D。 3．句意：如果是这样，你现在可以有另一个选择了。 another泛指三个或三个以上的另一个； other其他的，别的；others相当于“other +名词”，别的人或物；the others相当于“the other+名词”，剩下的，其余的。根据题干“If so, you can have…choice now”，可知这里表示“另一个选择”，another符合题意。故选A。 4．句意：两家英国公司希望人们能把不想要的礼物送给他们。 your你的/你们的；my我的；their他们的；our我们的。根据上文“Two British companies hope people”，这里的people是集合名词，their符合语境，故选C。 5．句意：他们会卖掉礼物为穷人筹款。 to raise筹集，动词不定式；raising现在分词或动名词； raises动词三单形式；raised是过去式。根据题干“they will sell the gifts…money for the poor”，可知需用不定式表示目的，故选A。 6．句意：通过这种方式，人们就能改变世界。 different不同的；differently不同地； difference不同；more different更加不同。不定冠词a修饰单数名词，make a difference产生影响，固定短语，故选C。 7．句意：这条裤子是用一种新材料制成的，可以帮助减少我们周围的空气污染。 are made被制作，一般现在时的被动语态； making动名词或现在分词；made过去式；will make一般将来时结构。分析句子结构，主语trousers是动词make的受动者，需用被动语态，故选A。 8．句意：这种材料对人体无害。 harmful有害的；harmed是harm的过去式；harm伤害；harmless无害的。本句是系表结构，be harmful to有害于，be harmless to无害于，都是固定短语。根据上文“a new material which can help reduce air pollution around us”，可知没有危害；本句是否定句，故选A。 9．句意：这种新裤子可能在两年后上市。 appeared出现，过去式；appearing现在分词或动名词；appear动词原形；appears动词三单形式。may是情态动词，后面接动词原形，故选C。 10．句意：14岁的德国男孩Felix Finkbeiner是一位环境英雄。 a不定冠词，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。本句hero泛指英雄，需用不定冠词；environment以元音音素开头，故选B。 11．句意：在9岁的时候，Felix认为孩子们可以做一些事情来保护环境。 thinking动名词或现在分词；is thought一般现在时的被动语态；thinks动词三单形式；thought过去式。由“At the age of 9”可知，是过去发生的事情，需用动词过去式，故选D。 12．句意：于是他创办了一个俱乐部。 but但是；if如果；because因为；so所以。根据上下文“Felix thought that children could do something to protect the environment…he started a club”，可知前后句子是因果关系，前者表因后者表果，so表结果，故选D。 13．句意：Felix很快得到了全世界儿童的支持。 from从/来自；for为了；to到； with和。根据题干“Felix soon got support…children all over the world”可知，是来自世界各地的孩子，需用介词from，故选A。 14．句意：他们中的一些人已经成为他的好朋友。 Any任何，一般用于否定句或疑问句中；Each每一个；Some一些；None没有一个。本句是肯定句，由“have become his good friends”可知，他和有些人成了朋友，故选C。 15．句意：到目前为止，他们在全世界种植了350多万棵树。 are planting是现在进行时结构；have planted是现在完成时结构；planted是过去式；will plant是一般将来时。So far到目前为止，常用于现在完成时态，故选B。 二、阅读理解 A Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either. Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s bad to all living things in the world. Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog (烟雾). Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air. We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution. Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution. 16．Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because ________. A．there were not any modern machines B．there was no modern medicine C．both A and B D．there were not many people 17．What is the biggest problem in today’s life? A．Water pollution. B．Air pollution. C．Noise. D．Pollution. 18．The most serious kind of pollution is ________. A．noise pollution B．air pollution C．water pollution D．A, B and C 19．Factories must clean their water ________. A．before they are thrown away B．when they are thrown away C．after it is thrown away D．before it is thrown away 20．From the passage we know that ________. A．a few years ago, there was no smog at all B．today people don’t have to talk to each other in a loud voice C．we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakes D．people are making rules in order to fight pollution 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．B 19．D 20．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代社会的污染问题，号召所有人通过实际行动与环境污染做斗争。 16．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either.”可知，几百年前，生活比今天艰难得多是因为没有现代化的机器也没有现代医学。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution.”可知，当今生活中最大的问题是污染。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution.”述可知，空气污染是最严重的污染。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away”可知，工厂在排水之前应先净化。故选D。 20．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.”可知，人们正在制定规则以对抗污染。故选D。 B The earth is about 4, 600 million years old. We humans have lived on the earth for only 35, 000 years, but during this period we have changed our planet a lot in many ways. 21 All over the world people have cut down millions of trees, so more and more kinds of animals and plants are disappearing. In big cities, cars and buses have polluted the air. Factories have also polluted the land and the water. 22 It is important to the earth. But now air pollution is destroying it and that has made a very big hole in the ozone layer（臭氧层）. 23 This is very dangerous because it can cause cancer. Carbon dioxide （CO2） in the air has increased a lot. 24 It has formed a"blanket （毛毯）”around the earth. 25 This makes our earth become warmer and warmer. Therefore this causes the level of the ocean to rise. All these problems are very serious. We must do something to stop our earth from being polluted anymore. 根据材料内容,从下面六个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。使短文意思通顺,内容完整。 A．The heat from the sun can't escape so the temperature is rising. B．Too much harmful light from the sun passes through it and reaches the earth directly. C．Around the earth there's a special kind of oxygen （O2） called "ozone" （O2）. D．Some things we've done are very good for the earth while some are bad. E．It mainly comes from different kinds of burning materials. F．We get the heat from the sun. 【答案】21．D 22．C 23．B 24．E 25．A 【解析】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述现在地球污染严重，人类砍伐很多树、骑车对空气的污染、二氧化碳使地球变暖等，这些问题对地球污染很严重，所以我们必须采取措施阻止地球被污染。 21．根据but during this period we have changed our planet a lot in many ways“但是在这期间，我们在许多方面改变了我们的星球”可知，空处表示“在许多方面中一些对于地球是好的，一些是不好的”，故选D。 22．根据But now air pollution is destroying it and that has made a very big hole in the ozone layer“但是现在空气污染正在破坏它并且在臭氧层上已经形成了一个很大的洞”可知，空处表示“在地球周围有一种特别的氧气叫做臭氧”，且It is important to the earth“它对地球很重要”可知，it代指“臭氧”，故选C。 23．根据But now air pollution is destroying it and that has made a very big hole in the ozone layer“但是现在空气污染正在破坏它并且在臭氧层上已经形成了一个很大的洞”以及This is very dangerous because it can cause cancer“这个很危险因为它能致癌”可知，空处表示“许多来自太阳的有害的光线直接穿过大洞直接到达地球”，故选B。 24．根据Carbon dioxide （CO2） in the air has increased a lot“空气中二氧化碳增加了许多”可知，空处表示二氧化碳是怎样产生的，即“它主要来源于不同材料的燃烧”，故选E。 25．根据It has formed a "blanket （毛毯）”around the earth“它在地球周围形成了一个毛毯”以及This makes our earth become warmer and warmer“这让我们的地球变得越来越暖和”可知，空处表示“太阳的热量无法逃脱，所以温度在上升”，故选A。 三、短文填空 We all want to protect our environment, but most of us are too busy or too lazy 26 make big changes that will improve our lifestyle and save the environment. Here are some suggestions for 27 (protect) our environment. Use compact fluorescent light bulbs (紧凑型灯泡). It’s true that these bulbs are more expensive, but they last much 28 (long) and they can save energy. So in the long term your electricity bill would be 29 (reduce). Donate. You have lots of clothes or things you want to throw away. If they are still valuable, give them to someone who 30 (need) them. You may also choose to give them to organizations. These organizations may sell them and collect a little money. Not only will you protect the environment, but you’ll also help people 31 need. Turn off your devices (设备). When you don’t use a house device, turn it off. For example, if you don’t watch TV, turn it off. Turn off the light when you leave a room. It’s 32 easy habit to keep and you can save energy and money. Walk or ride bikes. Driving is one of the biggest 33 (cause) of pollution. If you want to use your car, ask   34 (you) the following question: Do I really need my car? Walk or use your bike if the journey is short. Rainwater. Rainwater is very 35 (use) in our daily life, so try to hold it when it rains. This water can be used for different purposes. These suggestions above are good for the environment, and they help you save some money. 【答案】 26．to 27．protecting 28．longer 29．reduced 30．needs 31．in 32．an 33．causes 34．yourself 35．useful 【解析】本文主要介绍了一些保护环境的建议。 26．句意：我们都想保护我们的环境，但我们中的大多数人太忙或太懒，无法做出重大改变来改善我们的生活方式和拯救环境。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定结构too…to“太……而不能……”。故填to。 27．句意：以下是一些保护环境的建议。protect“保护”，是动词，空前有介词“for”，此处应用动名词形式。故填protecting。 28．句意：这些灯泡确实更贵，但它们的使用寿命更长，而且可以节约能源。long“长的”，是形容词，根据“It’s true that these bulbs are more expensive, but they last much…”可知，此处需用形容词的比较级形式，long的比较级为longer，意为“更长的”。故填longer。 29．句意：所以从长远来看，你的电费会减少。reduce“减少”，是动词，主语“your electricity bill”与动词“reduce”之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，空处应用reduce的过去分词形式。故填reduced。 30．句意：如果它们仍然有价值，就把它们送给需要它们的人。need“需要”，是动词，根据“give them to someone who…”可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填needs。 31．句意：你不仅会保护环境，而且会帮助到需要帮助的人。根据“help people… need”可知，此处指帮助需要帮助的人，in need“困难中的”，是固定短语，空处缺少介词in。故填in。 32．句意：这是一个很容易保持的习惯，你可以节省能源和金钱。根据“It’s… easy habit to keep and you can save energy and money.”可知，此处指一个容易保持的习惯，空处应填一个不定冠词，easy是以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用an。故填an。 33．句意：开车是造成污染的最大原因之一。cause“原因”，是可数名词，分析句子结构可知，此处考查“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”，空处应用cause的复数形式。故填causes。 34．句意：如果你想用你的车，问自己以下问题：我真的需要我的车吗？you“你”，是人称代词，根据“If you want to use your car, ask…the following question”可知，此处指问你自己，应用you的反身代词yourself。故填yourself。 35．句意：雨水在我们的日常生活中是非常有用的，所以下雨的时候试着储存它。use“使用”，是动词，根据“Rainwater is very…in our daily life”可知，be动词后接形容词作表语，此处应用use的形容词形式useful，意为“有用的”。故填useful。 $Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth . 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ____________ v.乱扔 n. 垃圾；废弃物 2. ______________ n. 渔民；钓鱼的人 3. ____________ n.煤；煤块 4. ______________ adj. 丑陋的；难看的 5. _______________ n. 优点；有利条件 6. ___________ v. 花费； n.花费；价钱 7. ___________ adj. 木制的；木头的 8. ______________ adj. 塑料的 9. _____________ n. 外卖食物 10. ____________ n. 垃圾箱 11. ____________ n.鲨鱼 12. ___________ n. (鱼）鳍 13. ____________ adj. 残酷的；残忍的 14. _____________ adj. 有害的 15. ______________ n. 链子；链条 16. _________________ n. 生态系统 17. ________________ n. 工业；行业 18. ______________ n.法律；法规 19. ______________ adj. 科学上的；科学的 20. ___________ adj. 现在的 n.现在；礼物 21. _________ v. 承担得起；买得起 22._____________ adj. 可重复使用的 23. ______________ n. 运输业；交通运输 24. ______________ v. 回收利用；再利用 25. _______________ n. 餐巾；餐巾纸 26. _____________ n. 大门 27. ______________ n. 瓶子 28. _____________ n.负责人；主席；总统 29. ____________ n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人 30. _____________ n. 铁 31. ___________ n. （音乐、艺术）作品 32. ____________ n. 金属 33. _____________ n. 创造力；独创性 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 1.advantage (n.优点；有利条件)→_____________(n.缺点；不利条件) 2.wood (n.木头)→____________ ( adj.木头的；木制的) 3.harm(v.& n.伤害；损害)→________________(adj.有害的) 4.science (n.科学)→__________ ( adj.科学上的；科学的)→___________(n. 科学家) 5.reuse（v.重复使用)→ ___________ (adj.可重复使用的) 6.transport（v.& n.运输）→ ______________ (n.运输业；交通运输) 7.inspire (v.激励；鼓舞)→________ (n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）)→_______ (adj.鼓舞人心的；有激励作用的)→__________ (adj. 品质优秀的；能力卓越的) 8. create (v.创造；创建)→_________(adj.有创造力的)→__________(n.创造力:独创性) → _________(n.创者)→ ___________(n.创造;作品) 9.cost (v.花费n.花费;价钱)→__________(过去式)law n.法律;法规 →_________ (过去分词)  10.law (n.法律;法规)→____________(n.律师)  11. pollute (v. 污染)---- ___________ (n. 污染) 12. protect (v. 保护)----_____________ (n. 保护) 13. solve (v. 解决;处理)----____________ (n. 解决方法) 14.important ( adj. 重要的)----_____________ (n. 重要性) 15. environment (n. 环境)----___________ ( adj. 环境的) 16. electric (adj. 电的;电动的;导电的)----____________ (n. 电) 17. use (n.&v. 用途;使用)----__________ (adj. 有用的) ---______ (adj. 无用的) 18. reuse (v. 再利用)---______ (adj. 可再使用的) 19. danger (n. 危险:危险物)----_________ (adj. 危险的)----_________ (adj. 濒危的) 三、重点词组 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1._______________写信给某人 2.________________把......扔到......里面 3.________________ 清理 4._________________付诸行动 5._________________参与；起作用 6.__________________在...顶部/底部 7._________________快餐 8.________________ 代替；而不是 9._____________________有影响 10.___________________引领 11.________________ 听说 12._______________ 切除 13.________________ 不再 14._____________ 实际上；事实上 15.__________________对...有害 16._______________ 到目前为止 17.________________减少 18.___________________食物链 19.______________开始于 20._______________关闭/打开 21.________________付钱. 22._________________涉及，有关 23._______________________公共交通 24.__________________关闭 25.___________________关掉 26.____________________ 扔掉 27.________________________好好利用 28.__________________拆掉 29.____________________ 获奖 30.____________________上下颠倒 31._______________由…制成(看不见原材料) 32.____________由…制成(看得见原材料) 33.____________________ 用…建造.. 34._________________ 乘坐公共交通 35.__________________….的重要性 36.______________对某人来说是鼓舞人心的 37.________________因…著名 38.____________________使…充满生机 39.__________________建立 词汇语境练-句子 一、单项选择 1．He ________ a book yesterday. It ________ him 50 yuan. A．bought; paid B．spent; took C．paid; spent D．bought; cost 2．The number of students in the school ________ 20 this year due to families moving to other cities. A．fell by B．fell to C．fell off D．fell over 3．—You are too busy on weekends. You need to relax yourself, Dave! —You are right! I have to ________ a few of my activities. A．cut off B．cut down C．cut up D．cut out 4．My sister ________ be lazy. But now she’s working really hard. A．used to B．is used to C．was used to D．be used to 5．Something is wrong with my car. It needs ________. A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．to be repair 6．No free plastic bags in the stores help to ________ pollution. A．reduce B．remove C．provide D．produce 7．The population of this city by 15% in the past ten years. A．increased B．will increase C．has increased D．increase 8．—Why will they ________ that old cinema? —Because they want to build a new shopping mall there. A．set up B．fix up C．pull down D．put on 9．— Tommy, do you often ________ things you don’t need anymore? — No. Actually, they should be put into good use. Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind. A．give away B．put away C．take away D．throw away 10．I can’t stand people who are ________ to animals. Instead, we should be kind to them. A．friendly B．thankful C．ugly D．cruel 11．—What do you think is the biggest ________ of shopping websites? —It’s convenient for us to shop online. A．disadvantage B．position C．advantage D．choice 12．—Why not take this sweater, Li Hua?     —I only have 20 yuan. I can’t ________ it. A．bring B．sell C．borrow D．afford 13．—Would you like to visit the science museum with us this weekend, Jack? —I’d like to, but I ________ it many times. A．visit B．am visiting C．will visit D．have visited 14．—I have bought an English-Chinese dictionary. —When and where ________ you ________ it? A．have; bought B．did; buy C．do; buy D．will; buy 15．How kind you are! You always do what you can ______ me. A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help 二、根据首字母提示填写单词 1．The house is too expensive for them, and they can’t a it. 2．The cup is made of steel, a kind of m . 3．Eating too much sugar is h to our teeth. 4．I love animals and I can’t stand people who are c to animals. 5．Please give me a b of water. 6．We usually r the empty bottle. It’s good for the environment. 7．The earthquake did great harm to the town’s t system. So food and medicine couldn’t be carried to the local people. 8．Soong Ching Ling Award for Children’s Invention competition gives children a chance to use new technology or s knowledge to solve problems. 9．— Do you know the a of this type of bicycle? — It’s very light. 10．In Sweden, it is against the l to hit a child. 11．“If no one l everywhere, our neighborhood will be very clean,” Wang, the dustman, said. 12．The fewer p bags we use, the more beautiful our earth will be. 13．There is a big w table in the middle of the room. 14．George Washington was the first P of the United States. 15．In winter, many people burn c to keep warm. 三、根据所给词的适当形式填空 1．This is a great chance for you to become an excellent . (law) 2．We bought a (wood) desk yesterday. 3．We should take an active part in (science) research. 4．There are many kinds of (pollute) in our daily life. 5．We students should learn how (protect) ourselves at school. 6．We can’t afford any longer to take action in order to improve our environment. (wait) 7．Living in this neighborhood has a lot of . The only disadvantage is noise.（advantage） 8．It is only a small thing, but it really makes a (different) to the environment. 9．We should do something to stop air (pollute). 10．Many children like to add some sugar while (drink) water. 11．We (talk) about saving water and electricity now. 12．So far, China (turn) parts of deserts into forests. 13．Lots of trees (plant) on the hill every year. 14．I am sure our (act) can lead to a better future. 15．The workers in the factory were made （work）all day long. 词汇语境练-语篇 一、完形填空 To protect the environment, we are on the way. Here are a few things we can do. • Unwanted gifts? Give them away! Have you ever received a gift 1 you didn’t like? Did you throw it 2 ? If so, you can have 3 choice now. Two British companies hope people will give away 4 unwanted gifts to them. And they will sell the gifts 5 money for the poor. In this way, people can make a 6 to the world. • Wear the trousers that reduce pollution! A scientist and a fashion designer have created a new kind of trousers already. The trousers 7 of a new material (材料) which can help reduce air pollution around us. The material isn’t 8 to humans. This new kind of trousers may 9 at the market in two years. • Plant trees with Felix! Felix Finkbeiner, a 14-year-old German boy, is 10 environment hero. At the age of 9, Felix 11 that children could do something to protect the environment. 12 he started a club. Felix soon got support 13 children all over the world.   14 of them have become his good friends. The club plans to plant 212 million trees. So far, they 15 over 3.5 million trees all around the world. 1．A．what B．that C．when D．where 2．A．out B．down C．over D．away 3．A．another B．other C．others D．the others 4．A．your B．my C．their D．our 5．A．to raise B．raising C．raises D．raised 6．A．different B．differently C．difference D．more different 7．A．are made B．making C．made D．will make 8．A．harmful B．harmed C．harm D．harmless 9．A．appeared B．appearing C．appear D．appears 10．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 11．A．thinking B．is thought C．thinks D．thought 12．A．But B．If C．Because D．So 13．A．from B．for C．to D．with 14．A．Any B．Each C．Some D．None 15．A．are planting B．have planted C．planted D．will plant 二、阅读理解 A Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either. Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s bad to all living things in the world. Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog (烟雾). Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air. We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution. Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution. 16．Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because ________. A．there were not any modern machines B．there was no modern medicine C．both A and B D．there were not many people 17．What is the biggest problem in today’s life? A．Water pollution. B．Air pollution. C．Noise. D．Pollution. 18．The most serious kind of pollution is ________. A．noise pollution B．air pollution C．water pollution D．A, B and C 19．Factories must clean their water ________. A．before they are thrown away B．when they are thrown away C．after it is thrown away D．before it is thrown away 20．From the passage we know that ________. A．a few years ago, there was no smog at all B．today people don’t have to talk to each other in a loud voice C．we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakes D．people are making rules in order to fight pollution B The earth is about 4, 600 million years old. We humans have lived on the earth for only 35, 000 years, but during this period we have changed our planet a lot in many ways. 21 All over the world people have cut down millions of trees, so more and more kinds of animals and plants are disappearing. In big cities, cars and buses have polluted the air. Factories have also polluted the land and the water. 22 It is important to the earth. But now air pollution is destroying it and that has made a very big hole in the ozone layer（臭氧层）. 23 This is very dangerous because it can cause cancer. Carbon dioxide （CO2） in the air has increased a lot. 24 It has formed a"blanket （毛毯）”around the earth. 25 This makes our earth become warmer and warmer. Therefore this causes the level of the ocean to rise. All these problems are very serious. We must do something to stop our earth from being polluted anymore. 根据材料内容,从下面六个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。使短文意思通顺,内容完整。 A．The heat from the sun can't escape so the temperature is rising. B．Too much harmful light from the sun passes through it and reaches the earth directly. C．Around the earth there's a special kind of oxygen （O2） called "ozone" （O2）. D．Some things we've done are very good for the earth while some are bad. E．It mainly comes from different kinds of burning materials. F．We get the heat from the sun. 三、短文填空 We all want to protect our environment, but most of us are too busy or too lazy 26 make big changes that will improve our lifestyle and save the environment. Here are some suggestions for 27 (protect) our environment. Use compact fluorescent light bulbs (紧凑型灯泡). It’s true that these bulbs are more expensive, but they last much 28 (long) and they can save energy. So in the long term your electricity bill would be 29 (reduce). Donate. You have lots of clothes or things you want to throw away. If they are still valuable, give them to someone who 30 (need) them. You may also choose to give them to organizations. These organizations may sell them and collect a little money. Not only will you protect the environment, but you’ll also help people 31 need. Turn off your devices (设备). When you don’t use a house device, turn it off. For example, if you don’t watch TV, turn it off. Turn off the light when you leave a room. It’s 32 easy habit to keep and you can save energy and money. Walk or ride bikes. Driving is one of the biggest 33 (cause) of pollution. If you want to use your car, ask   34 (you) the following question: Do I really need my car? Walk or use your bike if the journey is short. Rainwater. Rainwater is very 35 (use) in our daily life, so try to hold it when it rains. This water can be used for different purposes. These suggestions above are good for the environment, and they help you save some money. $