Unit6 Section Ⅳ (1) Adverbial clauses with（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（外研版）

本讲义聚焦“疑问词+-ever”与“no matter+疑问词”引导的状语从句及名词性从句，通过短文感知、自主发现、语法图解及例句解析，构建从用法辨析（如让步状语从句互换、名词性从句不可互换）到综合应用的学习支架。 资料以语言能力与思维品质培养为核心，融合多主题语篇阅读（如植物保护、环保技术）与分层练习（单句语法填空、完形填空），提升语境中语法运用与逻辑分析能力。课中语法图解辅助直观教学，课后多样化练习助力学生查漏补缺，强化知识迁移。

Section Ⅳ　Using language(1)—Adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并回答以下问题。 ①Wherever you go，you will hear that many endangered animals are dying out，so ②however difficult it is，we must take effective measures to protect wildlife.For example，③whoever illegally hunts animals should be severely punished.Besides，we should cherish ④whatever we are still having and protect their habitats. [自主发现] 以上句子中的黑体部分是“特殊疑问词＋-ever”结构；其中句①中的Wherever和句②中的however均引导让步状语从句，可以转化成“no matter＋特殊疑问词”；句③中的whoever和句④中的whatever分别引导主语从句和宾语从句。 “疑问词＋-ever”和“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句 一、语法图解 二、基本用法 1．“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……”“不管……”，可与“疑问词＋-ever”互换。 No matter how (＝However) busy you are，you should set aside some time to build up your strength every day. 无论你多忙，每天你都应该抽些时间来锻炼身体。 No matter where (＝Wherever) he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 无论他在哪里，他总是在早饭前散步。 No matter what (＝Whatever) problem the hiker meets with，he never gives up. 无论这位远足者遇到什么问题，他都绝不放弃。 No matter which (＝Whichever) kit you want to buy，I’ll pay for it. 无论你想买哪套工具，我都愿意付款。 Don’t hesitate to turn to me for help no matter when (＝whenever) you need it. 无论你什么时候需要帮忙，不要犹豫，找我好了。 2．“疑问代词＋-ever”(whatever，whichever，whoever等)除了引导让步状语从句(可与“no matter＋疑问词”互换)，还可引导名词性从句，如主语从句、宾语从句等，此时不能与“no matter＋疑问词”互换使用。 The three-year-old boy seems to be very clever and able to absorb whatever he is taught. 这个三岁的男孩看起来很聪明，似乎能掌握教给他的任何东西。(宾语从句) Whichever one of you gets the highest scholarship in the university is the stronger. 你们中谁能在大学里获得最高奖学金谁就是强者。(主语从句) I’ll make friends with whoever can share both my joys and sorrows. 我要与能和我同甘共苦的人交朋友。(宾语从句) [名师点津]　“疑问代词＋-ever”引导的名词性从句，可与定语从句互换。但是，要求名词性从句中的引导词在定语从句中所作的句子成分不变。 You can take whatever you want. →You can take anything that you want. 你可以拿你想要的任何东西。 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．无论谁在这儿抽烟都会被罚款一百元。 Whoever smokes here will be fined 100 yuan. 2．你可以和当地学生谈论任何你喜欢的话题。 You can talk about whatever you like with the local students. 3．无论你什么时候来，我都欢迎你。 You’ll always be welcome，no matter when/whenever you come. 4．不管你做什么决定，我都会支持你。 Whatever/No matter what decisions you make，I’ll always support you. 5．如果我们以坚强的意志工作，无论困难有多大，我们都能克服。 If we work with a strong will，we can overcome any difficulty，no matter how/however great it is. Ⅱ.语段填空(用适当的引导词填空) Alice was diagnosed with a rare disease when she was 12 years old.1.However many times she was rushed to the ICU，she never lost faith in her life.No matter 2.how hard her life is，she always keeps an optimistic mind.3.Wherever she goes，she often wears a bright smile.4.Whoever knows her is moved by her positive attitude to life.5.Whatever the future holds，she is determined to live a fulfilling life and help people in need. 训练5　Using language(A)　[分值：52分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共8题；每小题1.5分，共12分) 1．No matter how attractive the Internet is，we must bring it under control. 2．The firefighter hopes to become a friend of whoever shares his interests. 3．Whoever asks him for help，the optimistic hiker is always greedy to help. 4．No matter what happens，I will stand by you and assist you to cope with it. 5．We should move forward bravely on our life journey whatever difficulty we meet with. 6．Wherever you choose to settle down，you should attempt to fit in with the local people. 7．Whenever she is faced with difficulties in writing，she always copes with them actively. 8．My friend Julia brought out all her dresses and told me to take whichever suited me best. Ⅱ.完成句子(共5题；每小题3分，共15分) 1．不管你跑得多快，我都会赶上你的。 I’ll catch up with you however/no matter how fast you run. 2．妈妈给了儿子他所要求的一切，这宠坏了他。 The mother gave her son whatever he asked for，which spoiled him. 3．谁做的风筝最漂亮，谁就会在风筝节上获奖。 Whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 4．无论你早餐吃什么，你都要考虑营养和健康。 Whatever/No matter what you have for your breakfast，you should take nutrition and health into account. 5．不管你多忙，你都应该努力睡个好觉。 You should try to get a good night’s sleep no matter how/however busy you are. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) Chances are that you can name a few animals that are facing extinction.But what about plants? With some 40% of plant species under threat of extinction—and given humankind’s reliance on the plant world—one might think there’d be more urgency around protecting them.Yet in the United States，for example，plants receive less than 4% of federal funding for endangered species，despite composing 57% of the endangered species list. Given the current state of the planet，what we desperately need is some way to engage people to care about such matters.Now a paper published by Oxford University Press might have found a way to increase awareness about plants.How? By watching nature documentaries(纪录片)． For the paper，they focused on The Green Planet，the 2022 BBC plant-focused documentary，which was watched by nearly 5 million people in the United Kingdom. To figure out if the documentary engaged viewers enough to want to learn more，the researchers looked at people’s online behavior around the time of the broadcast.The researchers noted a substantial effect of The Green Planet on viewers’ awareness and interest in the portrayed plant species.Wikipedia data showed this as well.Almost a third (31.3%) of the Wikipedia pages related to plants mentioned in The Green Planet showed increased visits the week after the broadcast.The investigators also note that people were more likely to do online searches for plants that enjoyed more screen time on The Green Planet. “I think that increasing public awareness of plants is essential and fascinating，” said the paper’s lead author，Joanna Kacprzyk.“In this study，we show that nature documentaries can increase plant awareness among the audience.Our results also suggest that the viewers found certain plant species particularly attractive.These plants could be used for promoting plant conservation efforts and reducing the alarming loss of plant biodiversity(生物多样性)．” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了观看以植物为中心的自然纪录片可以帮助人们理解植物的重要性，从而加大对植物物种的保护。 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．60% of animal species are dying out. B．Endangered plants are more easily neglected. C．Endangered animals are not financially supported. D．Human beings rely more on animals than plants. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“one might think there’d be more urgency around protecting them.Yet in the United States，for example，plants receive less than 4% of federal funding for endangered species，despite composing 57% of the endangered species list”可知，濒危植物更容易被忽视。故选B。 2．What is the benefit of watching nature documentaries? A．Changing people’s online behavior. B．Increasing viewers’ interest in nature. C．Investigating search preference of the public. D．Engaging audience with plant preservation. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Almost a third (31.3%) of the Wikipedia pages related to plants mentioned in The Green Planet showed increased visits...”和最后一段的“These plants could be used for promoting plant conservation efforts and reducing the alarming loss of plant biodiversity(生物多样性)．”可知，观看自然纪录片的好处是让观众参与植物的保护。故选D。 3．Which is one factor that influenced how much people searched for certain plants online after watching The Green Planet? A．How colorful they were. B．How rare they were. C．How much screen time they had. D．How useful they were. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The investigators also note that people were more likely to do online searches for plants that enjoyed more screen time on The Green Planet.”可知，植物出现在屏幕上的时长影响了人们在观看《绿色星球》后在网上搜索某些植物的数量。故选C。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Alarming Loss of Plant Biodiversity B．Saving Plants，Saving the Planet C．Nature Documentaries Promote Plant Awareness D．Green Planet and Endangered Species 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，并结合第二段可知，文章主要介绍了观看以植物为中心的自然纪录片可以帮助人们理解植物的重要性，从而加大对植物物种的保护。故选C。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) Recent studies show that the amount of time people spend looking at screens is rising.We live in an era where mass media is 1. (ready) accessible and at times，it can influence how we see the world around us.Many experts agree that too much 2. (expose) to mass media can have negative 3. (effect) on your psychological well-being.It can influence how you feel about yourself and life，4. it impacts what messages others consider 5._________(be) true about healthy living. For example，advertisements often feature beautiful，6. (wealth) individuals or groups that enjoy their lives by eating rich foods and 7. (spend) lots of money on flashy clothes and houses.Such images may appeal to someone who does not know any different leaders，parents，or peers who eat poorly and do not have much money.Advertisements create a sense of urgency，8. can make you feel like you must have what everyone else has before you don’t consider 9. (you) part of the “in-group”．It is easy to fall into a habit of buying 10. new thing comes along，without thinking too hard about whether it is worth it. So be a critical mass media reader. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了过多地接触大众媒体会对你的心理健康产生负面影响。 1．答案　readily 解析　考查副词。由副词修饰形容词可知，此处为副词readily作状语修饰形容词accessible。故填readily。 2．答案　exposure 解析　考查名词。由空前much可知，此处为不可数名词，作宾语从句的主语成分。故填exposure。 3．答案　effects 解析　考查名词复数。空处应填名词作宾语，effect“影响”是可数名词，此处用复数形式表泛指。故填effects。 4．答案　and 解析　考查连词。上下文为并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。 5．答案　to be 解析　考查动词不定式。固定搭配consider sb/sth to be...“认为……是”满足句意要求。故填to be。 6．答案　wealthy 解析　考查形容词。由空后individuals为名词可知，此处为形容词形式和空前的beautiful共同作定语修饰该名词。故填wealthy。 7．答案　spending 解析　考查动名词。此处与and前面的动名词短语并列作介词by的宾语成分。故填spending。 8．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话，从句缺少主语成分，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 9．答案　yourself 解析　考查代词。主语和宾语所指相同时，宾语应用反身代词，此处反身代词yourself“你自己”满足句意要求。故填yourself。 10．答案　whatever 解析　考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少定语，故用whatever引导宾语从句，满足句意要求。故填whatever。 训练6　Using language(B)　[分值：35分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A July 2023 was the world’s warmest month on record，according to the World Meteorological Organization.As heatwaves had spread across North America，Asia and Europe，UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said in a speech that the planet is entering an “era of global boiling”． How to cool the planet has long been a troubling question for scientists.They are now turning to sun-blocking technology，which refers to reflecting sunlight back into space in order to keep down the temperature of the planet’s climate. According to Euronews，a European television news network，one idea involves pumping sun-blocking particles(粒子) into the upper atmosphere.The particles will then stay in the air and redirect sunshine back upwards.It is like applying sunscreen on the outside of Earth.Researchers at Yale University，the US，outlined a plan to use 125 high-flying planes to spread the particles at latitudes(纬度) of 60 degrees north and south.The particles will then travel toward the poles，which could possibly cool the temperature there by 2℃.In the future，the planes could be used to refreeze the poles，said the researchers. Another very promising technique is called “cloud brightening”，according to Chris Sacca，a US climate expert.This method involves sending sea salt particles into clouds above the sea，making them whiter and thus reflect more sunlight back into space. In June，the US government announced in a report that it is now offering support for solar engineering research as a way to slow the rise of global temperatures.According to the report，the US government believes that the technology “offers the possibility of cooling the planet significantly on a timescale of a few years”． However，following the report，an open letter by more than 60 scientists called for caution and more research first.Kristen Rasmussen，a climate scientist at Colorado State University，the US，has been studying how these sun-blocking methods will affect rainfall patterns.She said that apart from rainfall，ecosystems and even human communities will also be affected.“We need to be very cautious on this，” Rasmussen told Scientific American. 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了应对全球变暖的方法——使用遮阳技术，即将太阳光反射回太空以降低地球的温度。 1．Which solution is used to deal with global warming according to the text? A．Absorbing the sunlight coming from the sun. B．Reflecting the sunlight back into the space. C．Using sunscreen on the surface of the Earth. D．Applying advanced technology to weather control. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，用于应对全球变暖的一个方案是：将阳光反射回太空。故选B。 2．Which of the following does the writer agree with according to the text? A．The sun-blocking particles will cool the temperature at the poles to 2℃. B．The sea salt particles will reflect the sunlight back into the planet. C．The US government believes that cloud brightening will work well this year. D．Both sun-blocking techniques are using the principles of light reflection. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段前两句和第四段可推知，这两种遮阳技术都利用了光反射原理。故选D。 3．What is the writer’s attitude towards the sun-blocking technology? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Cautious. D．Objective. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知，文章引用不同专家的观点客观介绍了这种技术，并没有提到作者的个人观点，由此可推知，作者对此技术的态度是客观的，故选D。 4．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A travel journal. B．A news report. C．A science magazine. D．A story collection. 答案　C 解析　文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第二段可知，文章主要介绍了应对全球变暖的方法——使用遮阳技术，即将太阳光反射回太空以降低地球的温度，由此可推知，这与科学有关，文章可能选自科学杂志，故选C。 B Researchers are trying to explore creative ways to reduce e-waste.Now one team has invented a water-activated battery(水激活电池) made of paper and other sustainable(可持续的) materials. Some e-waste is relatively large: old phones and air conditioners，for instance.Other e-waste is more unnoticeable，such as batteries.It’s these small batteries that are big problems.Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.Researchers at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology are working to address this problem.They invented a water-activated paper battery using environmentally friendly materials that could eventually replace the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices. A traditional battery is made of plastic，metal or other harmful materials.The paper battery works the same as a traditional battery.It has a positively charged(带电的) side，a negatively charged side，and a conductive material(传导材料) between the two.In the new battery，the positively and negatively charged sides are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper.That paper is filled with salt，which dissolves(溶解) when the paper is wet.When the paper is dry，the battery is off.Once the paper is wet，the battery activates within 20 seconds.The new battery’s operating performance worsens as the paper dries.When the scientists rewet the paper during testing，the battery begins to work again and lasts an hour before beginning to dry out again. Although the researchers showed that their battery could power an alarm clock，it is unlikely to replace standard batteries now.It is hard to predict a time line for producing such batteries in a large number，but that future may not be so far off. “This really starts with the development of sustainable materials，” Nyström，the lead author，explains.“From there，I think we are able to create something that is quite useful.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个研究小组发明了一种由纸和其他可持续材料制成的水激活电池。 5．Why did the researchers invent the new batteries? A．To replace harmful batteries. B．To develop sustainable materials. C．To power common devices. D．To make e-waste more noticeable. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They invented a water-activated paper battery...replace the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.”可知，研究者发明新电池是为了取代旧的有害的电池。故选A。 6．In what aspect are the traditional and the new batteries different? A．Sizes. B．Usages. C．Materials. D．Purposes. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这种新电池是使用环保材料，根据第三段第一句可知，传统电池使用的是塑料、金属或者其他有害材料。由此可知，新的电池与传统电池是在材料方面不同。故选C。 7．What do we know about the paper used in the new batteries? A．It dries within 20 seconds. B．It can be used many times. C．It only has ink on the front side. D．It breaks easily in salt water. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When the paper is dry...the battery begins to work again and lasts an hour before beginning to dry out again.”可知，当纸干了，电池就失效，纸再次被打湿后，电池又可以使用。由此推知，这种纸可以被多次使用。故选B。 8．What can be inferred about the new battery from the last two paragraphs? A．It stores huge power. B．It takes ages to make it. C．It has been put into market. D．It has a promising future. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It is hard to predict a time line for producing such batteries in a large number，but that future may not be so far off.”可知，大规模生产这种电池的时间不会很遥远，结合最后一段可知，Nyström认为这是一种非常有用的东西。由此推知，这种新电池有广阔的前景。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) One cold afternoon，Tina saw a newborn bird in her garden.Knowing it wouldn’t make it if left 1 ，she brought it inside.Little did she know of the 2 the bird would make on her. The family named the little bird “Gracie”．As Gracie grew bigger and stronger under the family’s loving care，an unbreakable 3 developed between them.But the family knew Gracie should 4 to the wild one day.One year later，they 5 the bird with tearful eyes fly off to explore its own world，not knowing it wouldn’t 6 the family. Years after that，Tina was diagnosed with cancer.Feeling sad and hopeless，she 7 every day. But much to her surprise and joy，Gracie 8 the day Tina came home from her operation.Though Tina had lost all her hair，Gracie 9 her and landed on her shoulder chattering to her.Tina was so excited that she kissed the bird 10 .The house was 11 again.Tina began to 12 dramatically.She cried less and laughed more.Two years later，all her tests were 13 ！ The doctors considered it a miracle，but Tina knew it was not.“It is Gracie that gave me hope and strength.Without Gracie’s 14 during the hard time，things would have been different.We ever saved its life，and it was repaying the 15 ，” Tina said gratefully. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了蒂娜一家悉心照顾一只新生的小鸟，并为它取名格雷西。一年后，一家人把格雷西送回到野外。蒂娜被诊断患癌症之后，格雷西再次出现在蒂娜的家里。因为格雷西的陪伴，蒂娜慢慢康复了。 1．A.absent B．alone C．apart D．around 答案　B 解析　absent缺席的；alone孤独的；apart分开；around周围。根据上文“a newborn bird”可知，刚出生的小鸟要是被独自留下的话，就活不成。故选B。 2．A.impression B．mess C．impact D．comment 答案　C 解析　impression印象；mess凌乱，一团糟；impact影响；comment评论。结合最后一段的“It is Gracie that gave me hope and strength.”可知，格雷西后来帮助了蒂娜，所以此处指格雷西对蒂娜的影响。故选C。 3．A.bond B．action C．balance D．promise 答案　A 解析　bond纽带，关系；action行动；balance平衡；promise承诺。根据下文“developed between them”及“But much to her surprise and joy，Gracie the day Tina came home from her operation.”可知，格雷西和蒂娜一家人之间发展了牢固的关系。故选A。 4．A.adapt B．travel C．relate D．return 答案　D 解析　adapt适应；travel旅行；relate讲述，使互相关联；return返回。根据上文“a newborn bird in her garden”及下文“to the wild one day”可知，格雷西终究要返回野外。故选D。 5．A.watched B．admired C．released D．followed 答案　A 解析　watch观看；admire钦佩；release释放；follow跟随。根据下文“with tearful eyes”可知此处指一家人眼含泪水地看着这只鸟飞走。故选A。 6．A.join B．approach C．contact D．forget 答案　D 解析　join加入；approach接近；contact联系；forget忘记。根据下文“Gracie her and landed on her shoulder chattering to her.”可知，格雷西多年后认出了蒂娜，可推知此处指格雷西不会忘记蒂娜一家人。故选D。 7．A.prayed B．cried C．doubted D．complained 答案　B 解析　pray祈祷；cry哭泣；doubt怀疑；complain抱怨。结合上文“Tina was diagnosed with cancer”及下文“She cried less and laughed more.”可知，确诊癌症之后蒂娜每天都在哭。故选B。 8．A.set out B．passed by C．showed up D．settled down 答案　C 解析　set out出发；pass by经过；show up出现；settle down定居下来。根据下文“landed on her shoulder chattering to her”可知，此处指在蒂娜做完手术回家的那天，格雷西又出现了。故选C。 9．A.understood B．recognized C．appreciated D．encouraged 答案　B 解析　understand理解；recognize认出；appreciate感激；encourage鼓励。根据下文“landed on her shoulder chattering to her”可知，格雷西认出了蒂娜。故选B。 10．A.generously B．curiously C．mercifully D．emotionally 答案　D 解析　generously慷慨地；curiously好奇地；mercifully仁慈地；emotionally激动地。根据上文“Tina was so excited ”可知，看到格雷西认出了自己，蒂娜应该是激动地亲吻着它。故选D。 11．A.alive B．full C．fresh D．tidy 答案　A 解析　alive充满活力的；full满的；fresh新鲜的；tidy整洁的。结合上文“Feeling sad and hopeless”及“landed on her shoulder chattering to her”可知，格雷西的到来给家里带来了活力，故选A。 12．A.act B．reflect C．change D．cooperate 答案　C 解析　act行动；reflect反射；change改变；cooperate合作。根据下文“She cried less and laughed more.”可知，蒂娜比之前笑得多了，说明蒂娜改变了。故选C。 13．A.complex B．normal C．reliable D．anxious 答案　B 解析　complex复杂的；normal正常的；reliable可靠的；anxious担忧的。结合上文“Tina was diagnosed with cancer.”及下文“The doctors considered it a miracle”可知，医生认为是奇迹，说明此处指蒂娜的检查结果正常了。故选B。 14．A.adventure B．attention C．sympathy D．company 答案　D 解析　adventure探险；attention注意力；sympathy同情心；company陪伴。根据上文“ landed on her shoulder chattering to her”及“It is Gracie that gave me hope and strength.”可知，格雷西给了蒂娜希望和力量，即格雷西一直陪伴着蒂娜。故选D。 15．A.visit B．adoption C．favor D．trust 答案　C 解析　visit拜访；adoption收养；favor恩惠；trust信赖。根据上文“We ever saved its life，and it was repaying”可知，蒂娜救过格雷西，对格雷西而言，它陪伴蒂娜康复是在报恩。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $