Unit4 Section Ⅲ Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（外研版）

本讲义以“中国医生在利比里亚抗击埃博拉”的日记为核心文本，构建“速读-细读-读后”三阶学习支架，涵盖文意理解、篇章结构分析、细节信息获取、语法填空及重点句型词块学习，形成从整体感知到语言运用的递进脉络。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过真实抗疫日记文本渗透人类命运共同体意识，设计“研典句学用法”“词块默写”等任务提升语言理解与表达能力，课中助力分层教学，课后通过单句写作、阅读训练巩固，有效培养学生思维品质与自主学习能力。

Section Ⅲ　Understanding ideas Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the journal? A．A terrible disease caused great losses. B．A Chinese doctor’s inspiration from being a volunteer. C．A Chinese doctor took chances to save comrades in arms. D．A Chinese doctor’s experience as a volunteer in Liberia to fight the Ebola epidemic. 答案　D Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Read the journal quickly and then fill in the blanks. Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．Why did the writer go to Liberia? A．Because there are no borders for doctors. B．Because his duty was to go there and offer his help. C．Because the tragic scenes on the news made him go there. D．Because Emma，at the end of her posting，should be replaced by him. 答案　C 2．Why were Wilton，Maisy，Alfonso mentioned in the journal? A．Because introducing them to the writer was the task of Emma. B．Because they are the specialists in the world in the terrible disease. C．Because the writer felt a sense of pride as part of the team by introduction. D．Because the writer wanted to tell us there are no borders in fighting terrible disease. 答案　D 3．How did the writer feel after the twin girls and their parents soon died? A．Calm. B．Hopeless. C．Delighted. D．Disappointed. 答案　B 4．What will happen to the author in a few days? A．He will return home. B．He will do countless jobs. C．He will create a global community. D．He will go to another country to help. 答案　A 5．What’s the structure of the journal？(P＝paragraph) 答案　A Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Three months ago，I arrived in Liberia with MSF to help the local people to fight Ebola.I felt 1.it was my duty to go there and offer my help，even though I knew I was at risk.My mission was 2.to relieve(relieve) Emma，a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases.She talked me through the daily routine and introduced me to some of the others 3.working(work) for or alongside MSF.I found that I was the only Chinese doctor among people from every continent except Antarctica.I felt 4.a sense of pride as part of the extraordinary team，5.whose devotion to the cause shone from their eyes.We have worked together，6.surrounded(surround) by blood，vomit and death，but we will never give up on a patient，and our efforts did sometimes end in miracles. To be caught up in such a crisis creates 7.powerful(power) bonds between carers and patients as well as between all those who have come from different 8.parts(part) of the world and joined together in a common cause.In a world still 9.faced(face) with so many problems，it is 10.absolutely(absolute) essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．When I saw the tragic scenes on the news，I felt it was my duty as a doctor to go(go) there and offer my help.(P50 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句；it was my duty...my help为宾语从句，其中it作形式主语。 汉语翻译：当我从新闻上看到一幅幅凄惨的画面时，我觉得作为医生我有责任到那里去帮忙。 2．It is important to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national boundaries(boundary)．(P50 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。It是形式主语，真正的主语是to remember...；that引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：重要的是要记住，埃博拉病毒传播起来是不分国界的。 3．As she talked，I could hear at least three different languages being spoken(speak) at the tables around us.(P50 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。As引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：她说话的时候，我可以听到隔壁桌传过来的谈话声，至少混着三种不同的语言。 4．With each person I met，I felt a growing(grow) sense of pride as part of this extraordinary team，whose devotion to the cause shone(shine) from their eyes.(P51 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。I met为省略了关系代词that/whom的定语从句，修饰先行词each person；whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰this extraordinary team。 汉语翻译：能够和在这里遇到的人一起成为这个杰出小组的一员，我心中的自豪感油然而生，大家的双眼中都熠熠闪耀着奉献精神的光芒。 5．But，although the death rate is very high，we will never give up on a patient，and our efforts do sometimes end in miracles.(P51 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。although引导让步状语从句；do sometimes end in miracles是“助动词＋动词原形”强调谓语动词。 汉语翻译：不过，虽然死亡率极高，但是我们永远不会放弃任何一个患者，何况我们的努力有时真的会产生奇迹。 6．We knew there was little hope for the brothers，but we did everything we could to save(save) them.(P52 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为but连接的并列复合句。but前一分句中的there was little hope for the brothers是宾语从句；but后一分句中的we could是省略了引导词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。 汉语翻译：我们知道，剩下的兄弟俩也希望渺茫，但是我们竭尽所能去救治他们。 7．When we visited the ward the next morning，we were amazed(amaze) to see that against all odds，both boys were still alive.(P52 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句，作see的宾语；against all odds意为“尽管困难重重”。 汉语翻译：第二天早上，我们去病房探望时惊讶地发现，虽然历经千险，两个男孩仍然活了下来。 8．To be caught up in such a crisis creates(create) powerful bonds between people，not only between carers and patients，but also between all those who have come from different parts of the world and joined together in a common cause.(P52 Para.6) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。句中的To be caught up in such a crisis作主语；who have...是定语从句，修饰先行词those。 汉语翻译：患难与共的经历在人与人之间建立了紧密的纽带，不仅仅在于医护人员与患者之间，还在于所有来自世界各地、因为共同事业聚在一起的人们之间。 9．It is so inspiring(inspire) to have colleagues like Wilton，Maisy and Alfonso，not to mention(更不用说) all the others I have worked with.(P52 Para.6) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。主句中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是to have...；I have worked with是省略了引导词that的定语从句，修饰the others。 汉语翻译：有威尔顿、迈西和阿方索这样的同事已令我倍感鼓舞，更别提其他所有和我一起共事的人了。 10．In a few days，someone else will arrive to step into my shoes(接替我的工作)，and the tireless work that the MSF members do in more than 70 countries and regions around the world will go on.(P52 Para.7) 结构分析：此句为and连接的并列复合句。and后分句中的that引导定语从句，修饰先行词work。 汉语翻译：几天后，另一个人就会到达这里，接替我的工作。而无国界医生的成员们将在全世界超过70个国家与地区继续不知疲倦地工作着。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 since 引导时间状语从句 It’s exactly one month since the last reported case.(P50 Para.1) 距离上次报告的病例已经整整一个月了。 结构分析：此句中的“It be＋一段时间＋since...”句型中since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从……已有多长时间了”。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————·“It be＋时间段＋since...”句型，意为“自从……已有多长时间了”。主句谓语为is或has been，since从句用一般过去时；主句谓语为was，since从句用过去完成时。 ·It＋be＋一段时间＋before从句(若before从句时态为一般现在时，be为一般将来时；若before从句时态为一般过去时，be为一般过去时)，表示“多久之后才……”。 ·since作副词，意为“从……以后；后来”。 　————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)自从我来到这个村子里的诊所当助手已经三年了。 It is/has been three years since I came to the clinic as an assistant in this village. (2)约翰认为不久他就会适应新环境。 John thinks it won’t be long before he adapts himself to the new surroundings. (3)他说他从这所学校毕业已经十年了。 He said it was ten years since he had graduated from this school. (4)我们上周六通过电话，然后我就再也没有他的消息了。 We talked on the phone last Saturday and I have not heard from him since. 用法点拨　since引导的从句中的动词如果用非延续性动词，表示“自从……多长时间了”；若since引导的从句中的动词为延续性动词，则表示“自从该动作或状态的完成或结束以来已有多长时间了”。 课文重点词块默写 1．抓住任何机会；心存侥幸 take any chances 2．把……置于危险之中 put ...at risk 3．国界 national boundaries 4．参与；被卷入 (be) involved in 5．日常事务 daily routine 6．至少 at least 7．日益增长的自豪感 a growing sense of pride 8．对……绝望；对……不抱希望 give up on 9．一个六口之家 a family of six 10．尽管困难重重 against all odds 11．痊愈，完全康复 make a full recovery 12．补偿；赔偿 compensate for 13．牵扯进，被卷入 be caught up in 14．为共同的事业团结起来 join together in a common cause 15．不用说；更不必说 not to mention 16．接替某人的工作(位置) step into sb’s shoes 17．不知疲倦的工作 the tireless work 18．继续 go on 19．创建地球村 create a global community 20．共同的未来 a shared future 训练3　Understanding ideas(A)　[分值：40分] Ⅰ.单句写作(做志愿者教师)(共15分) 1．我在这个偏远的山村做志愿者教师已经三个月了。(since引导时间状语从句) It has been three months since I came to work in the remote mountainous village as a volunteer teacher. 2．我在这里的任务是教15名学生几乎所有的科目，如数学、英语和艺术。(不定式作表语) My mission here is to teach 15 students almost all subjects，such as Math，English and Arts. 3．为了与这里的孩子们建立更紧密的联系，我选择和他们一起住在校舍里。(不定式作目的状语) To make a closer bond with the kids here，I chose to live with them in the schoolhouse. 4．看到我的大多数学生在学习和生活习惯方面都取得巨大进步，真是令人鼓舞。(it作形式主语) It is so inspiring to see most of my students make great progress in both study and living habits. 5．我希望更多的志愿者能加入这项事业中来，为孩子们的健康成长做出贡献。(join together in the cause) I hope more volunteers would join together in the cause，making contributions to the growth of children’s health. 【组句成篇】　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 It has been three months since I came to work in the remote mountainous village as a volunteer teacher.My mission here is to teach 15 students almost all subjects，such as Math，English and Arts.To make a closer bond with the kids here，I chose to live with them in the schoolhouse.It is so inspiring to see most of my students make great progress in both study and living habits. I hope more volunteers would step in my shoes and join together in the cause，making contributions to the growth of children’s health. Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) Many international students studying abroad in America have several supposed ideas about American culture.After visiting the country，many international students showed the culture shock they received in America.Here are some culture shocks in America that most of the international students came across. It’s surprising to note that kids，the youth and adults refer to each other with their first names.This is a very uncommon sight.Many international students might find it surprising and take time to adjust to this tradition. Another culture shock is that，in America，there could be only one or two classes a day.Usually，they’re conducted in the afternoon or in the evening.This means the students get enough time to sleep late，wake up around noon and have time for different chores(琐事)．Besides，having convenience in the schedule of classes，students also enjoy long hours of breaks. Among the many culture shocks in America，multiple languages are quite common there.Many international students would move to America，believing that the only language is English.However，that’s not the case.The citizens commonly speak languages such as Spanish，French，German，Chinese and others. So if you’re comfortable with any of the above-mentioned languages，you might get surprises. Many international students are used to using kilograms，metres，litres，degrees centigrade as the units of weight，length，volume，temperature.But they might be confused to see a different metric system in America.There，pounds，feet and Fahrenheit are usually used as units for measurements.This system is quite puzzling to comprehend at the beginning for many international students. Many international students might find various culture shocks in America depending on the background they come from.Thus，they may need a long time to adjust themselves to the unfamiliar environment. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了大多数国际学生在美国可能遇到的文化冲击。 1．What may make international students surprised at school? A．Adults are often referred to with their titles. B．The number of classes is fewer than expected. C．Kids refer to adults with their family names. D．Students can freely do different chores in class. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Another culture shock is that，in America，there could be only one or two classes a day.”可知，在美国的学校，令许多国际学生震惊的是一天只有一到两节课，即课程数比预计的要少。故选B。 2．Why do international students care little about language barriers in America? A．English there is easy to understand. B．All of them can speak English fluently. C．There are several other official languages. D．They may be able to use their native languages there. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The citizens commonly speak languages such as Spanish，French，German，Chinese and others.So if you’re comfortable with any of the above-mentioned languages，you might get surprises.”可知，美国的居民通常说着不同的语言，由此推知，外国留学生可以使用自己的母语与当地人进行交流，因此不太在意语言障碍。故选D。 3．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in paragraph 5? A．Systems. 　 B．Units. C．International students. 　 D．Americans. 答案　C 解析　代词指代题。根据第五段中的“Many international students are used to using...units of weight，length，volume，temperature.”及下文提到的美国使用的计量单位体系对于国际学生来说很费解可知，they指代的是international students。故选C。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Multicultural Experiences Are Waiting for You B．International Students Are Welcome to America C．Culture Shocks International Students May Experience in America D．Reasons Why There Are a Large Number of Culture Shocks in America 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读文章尤其根据第一段中的“Here are some culture shocks in America that most of the international students came across.”可知，本文主要介绍了国际学生在美国可能经历的文化冲击，所以C项能概括文章大意，适合作文章的标题。故选C。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) Michael McGuire worked all day beneath the Earth’s surface.Maybe he only wanted to take a hot shower and put his 1 up after work. 2 ，the coal miner rushed straight from the mine to a 3 match.This would be his son’s first game，and Michael wasn’t going to 4 it for the world. With no time to wash up or change his clothes，Michael 5 at the game，but this father ended up gaining 6 thanks to a photo. A woman saw Michael and recognized he was a miner who had 7 come straight from work to watch his son’s basketball game.She took a picture and 8 it online.Quickly it was shared about 5,000 times. By the time this 9 went viral，Michael was already back at work in the mine.He had no idea what was happening until he 10 that night. “When I went out and got 11 ，you know there weren’t signals underground，it went crazy ...I couldn’t believe it was 12 .It was simply unthinkable！” Michael said. What a good dad! However tired he was，he made time for his son，even he couldn’t 13 .It didn’t matter what he 14 ，he just wanted to be with his son. We just love seeing more 15 dads like Michael! 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了煤矿工人迈克尔下班后来不及洗漱换衣服就匆忙赶去比赛场地陪伴儿子的暖心故事。 1．A.basketball B．clothes C．feet D．poster 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Michael McGuire worked all day beneath the Earth’s surface.”可知，迈克尔在煤矿工作了一整天，下班后他会希望回到家洗个热水澡，然后去放松、休息。put one’s feet up意为“架起双腿休息”。故选C。 2．A.Besides B．Therefore C．Still D．However 答案　D 解析　besides此外；therefore因此；still不过；however然而。根据上文可知，迈克尔在劳累的工作后本应该洗个澡去休息，但是他却匆匆赶到儿子比赛的现场，前后文是转折关系。故选D。 3．A.baseball B．football C．basketball D．volleyball 答案　C 解析　根据第四段中“come straight from work to watch his son’s basketball game”可知，迈克尔是看儿子的篮球赛。故选C。 4．A.miss B．comment C．advertise D．relay 答案　A 解析　miss错过，想念；comment评论；advertise打广告；relay转发，转播。根据上文“This would be his son’s first game”可知，这是他儿子的第一次比赛，所以他不想错过。故选A。 5．A.caught up B．gave up C．fell behind D．showed up 答案　D 解析　catch up赶上，追上；give up放弃；fall behind落后；show up出现。根据上文“the coal miner rushed straight from the mine to a match”可知，此处指穿着工作服的迈克尔出现在了比赛场地。故选D。 6．A.success B．fame C．strength D．experience 答案　B 解析　success成功；fame名声；strength力气；experience经验，经历。根据下文“Quickly it was shared about 5,000 times.”可知，迈克尔的照片在网上疯传，因此他出名了。故选B。 7．A.recently B．secretly C．clearly D．frequently 答案　C 解析　recently近期；secretly悄悄地；clearly清楚地；frequently频繁地。根据上文“With no time to wash up or change his clothes，Michael at the game”可知，迈克尔穿着工作服来到比赛场地，所以人们能够看出他很显然是下班后直接来赛场的。故选C。 8．A.posted B．donated C．saw D．downloaded 答案　A 解析　post发布；donate捐赠；download下载。根据下文“Quickly it was shared about 5,000 times.”可知，她把照片发布到网上。故选A。 9．A.game B．photo C．mine D．job 答案　B 解析　根据上文“took a picture”可知，这张照片在网上疯传开了。故选B。 10．A.recovered B．paused C．arrived D．resurfaced 答案　D 解析　recover恢复；pause停顿；arrive到达；resurface再次露出(地面或水面)。根据上文“Michael was already back at work in the mine”以及下文“When I went out”可知，此处指迈克尔再次从煤矿回到地面上。故选D。 11．A.consequence B．service C．permission D．promise 答案　B 解析　consequence结果，后果；service服务；permission许可；promise诺言。根据下文“you know there weren’t signals underground”可知，他回到地面上有了网络服务后才知道自己的照片在网上疯传。故选B。 12．A.real B．possible C．useful D．professional 答案　A 解析　professional职业的。根据下文“It was simply unthinkable！”可知，迈克尔简直不相信这件事是真的。故选A。 13．A.shower B．work C．train D．understand 答案　A 解析　shower洗淋浴；train培训。根据第三段中“With no time to wash up or change his clothes”可知，迈克尔下班后很匆忙，没有时间去洗澡和换衣服。故选A。 14．A.lived on B．insisted on C．looked like D．went after 答案　C 解析　live on靠……活着，继续生存；insist on坚持；look like看起来像；go after追求。根据上文可知，迈克尔穿着工作服来到比赛场地，说明他为了陪孩子而不在乎自己看起来什么样。故选C。 15．A.courageous B．honest C．strict D．devoted 答案　D 解析　courageous勇敢的；honest诚实的；strict严格的；devoted挚爱的，全心全意的。根据全文可知，迈克尔为了看儿子的第一次篮球赛而顾不上换衣服，匆忙从煤矿赶到赛场，然后又匆忙赶回煤矿继续工作，体现了父亲对孩子真挚的爱。故选D。 训练4　Understanding ideas(B)　[分值：32.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A As my plane landed in Pamplona，Spain，I couldn’t help thinking，“I’m crazy about going abroad and taking classes in Spanish.” My biggest fear was whether I would be able to communicate with Spanish speakers，and how I would be able to adapt to a culture that is different in so many ways from American culture. I had attended classes in Spanish and talked with native students for over a month but now it got better.When I first started，it was easy to get frustrated when I didn’t understand parts of what my professor was saying，or to feel embarrassed when I had to ask someone to repeat themselves many times.However，people often politely corrected me when I made a mistake，and also offered support and words of encouragement.Noticing my own progress through my increased ability to have a conversation has made the frustration dissolve.And it helped me reach my biggest piece of advice to anyone facing the same fear: to force yourself to speak as much as possible. Another challenge I faced was culture shock when I arrived in Spain.As someone used to stores always being open in Seattle，I’ve had to get used to most stores being closed during afternoon hours and on Sundays.Plans are made much more slowly，and usually at the last minute，which for someone who values organization and certainty as much as I do，was difficult to get used to.The best way I found to deal with the culture shock was to change my views.I’ve grown to appreciate the Spanish attitude that there is more to life than work.Family and friends are important as well，and having so much time off allows life outside work to be enjoyed. Living abroad is always frightening，especially when the language and culture are completely foreign.There will always be challenges，frustrations，and problems.However，learning to deal with them and appreciate the journey has been one of the most valuable things I’ve learned while abroad. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者去西班牙学习时所经历的困难和文化冲击。 1．What can be learned about the author before she began her life in Spain? A．She was well-prepared. B．She was concerned about her life there. C．She really looked forward to the new culture. D．She had worked very hard at learning Spanish. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“My biggest fear was whether I would be able to...different in so many ways from American culture.”可知，在作者开始在西班牙的生活之前她担心她在那里的生活。故选B。 2．What does the underlined word “dissolve” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Build up. B．Grow again. C．Disappear slowly. D．Display clearly. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Noticing my own progress through my increased ability to have a conversation”可推知，注意到自己通过提高对话能力而取得的进步使作者的挫败感逐渐消失了，画线词dissolve的意思是“逐渐消失”。故选C。 3．What did the author do to deal with the culture shock? A．She tried hard to make friends. B．She lived the way the locals did. C．She made plans in advance carefully. D．She turned her attention to her study. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The best way I found to deal with the culture shock was to change my views.I’ve grown to appreciate the Spanish attitude...allows life outside work to be enjoyed.”可知，作者通过欣赏当地人的生活态度、入乡随俗来应对文化冲击，故选B。 4．What does the author’s story show? A．Culture shock can be too hard to go through. B．Living abroad isn’t as good as people think. C．Living abroad can be challenging but it is worth doing. D．Today’s people should learn to accept different cultures. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Living abroad is always frightening”和“However，learning to deal with them and appreciate the journey has been one of the most valuable things I’ve learned while abroad.”可知，作者的故事说明了在国外生活很有挑战性，但值得一试。故选C。 B When you can’t fit your entire workout into a busy day，do you think there’s no point in doing anything at all? You should rethink that mindset.Just 11 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic activity per day could lower your risk of cancer，cardiovascular disease(心血管疾病) or premature death，a large new study has found. Aerobic activities include walking，dancing，running，jogging，cycling and swimming.You can estimate the intensity level of an activity by your heart rate and how hard you’re breathing as you move.Higher levels of physical activity have been associated with lower rates of premature death and chronic disease，according to past research.But how the risk levels for these outcomes are affected by the amount of exercise someone gets has been more difficult to determine.To explore this impact，scientists largely from the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom looked at data from 196 studies，amounting to more than 30 million adult participants who were followed for 10 years on average. The study mainly focused on participants who had done the minimum recommended amount of 150 minutes of exercise per week，or 22 minutes per day.Compared with inactive participants，adults who had done 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity per week had a 31% lower risk of dying from any cause，a 29% lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and a 15% lower risk of dying from cancer.The same amount of exercise was linked with a 27% lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease and 12% lower risk when it came to cancer. “This is a convincing systematic review of existing research，” said CNN Medical Analyst Dr Leana Wen，an emergency physician and public health professor at George Washington University，who wasn’t involved in the research.“We already knew that there was a strong correlation between increased physical activity and reduced risk for cardiovascular disease，cancer and premature death.This research confirms it，and furthermore states that a smaller amount than the 150 minutes of recommended exercise a week can help.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，少量的运动也能降低患心血管疾病、癌症和过早死亡的风险。 5．Why did the scientists from the University of Cambridge do this research? A．To confirm the past research. B．To encourage people to do more exercise. C．To find out how the amount of exercise impacts the risk levels. D．To explore the relationship between daily exercise and risk levels. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But how the risk levels for these outcomes are affected by the amount of exercise someone gets has been more difficult to determine.To explore this impact...”可知，剑桥大学的科学家做研究是为了弄清楚运动量是如何影响风险水平的。故选C。 6．How did the scientists reach their conclusion? A．By conducting genetic research. B．By analyzing data from a survey. C．By comparing different groups of participants. D．By collecting a mass of data from science website. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Compared with inactive participants，adults who had done 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity per week...and a 15% lower risk of dying from cancer.”可知，科学家将不运动的参与者和每周进行150分钟中高强度有氧运动的参与者进行比较，得出了运动和降低健康风险的关系，由此可推知，科学家通过将不同类型的参与者进行比较得出了结论。故选C。 7．What can we learn from this study? A．Inactive participants had higher risk of dying from cancer. B．People should take exercise for about 22 minutes every day. C．The scientists suggested people exercise at most 150 minutes per week. D．Moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity was the best exercise for adults. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Compared with inactive participants...a 15% lower risk of dying from cancer.”可知，与不运动的参与者相比，每周进行150分钟中高强度有氧运动的成年人死于癌症的风险降低，由此可推测出，不运动的参与者死于癌症的风险更高。故选A。 8．What is Dr Leana Wen’s attitude towards this research? A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Sceptical. D．Positive. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中Leana Wen博士说的话“This is a convincing systematic review of existing research”可知，Leana Wen博士认为这次研究是令人信服的，所以她对此持积极态度。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) How to Learn Several Languages at a Time Learning a new language is a challenging and wonderfully rewarding experience.At some point，you may find yourself needing or wanting to learn several languages at the same time. 1 However，it also allows you to challenge your brain and take advantage of the similarities and differences between the languages you’re learning. 2 If you have a choice，choose to learn one language that is easier for you，and another or others that are more difficult.An easier language will be one that is similar to your native language or another language that you know，while a more difficult language will be one that is less similar. Make one language your priority. 3 This way，at the end of your hard work，you are more likely to be skilled in at least one of your languages，rather than only knowing a small amount of each of them. Translate between the languages you’re learning.One way to keep all the languages you are learning active in your mind is to try translating between them，rather than translating them back to your native language. 4 Add all of the languages to a language-learning app or website.Several language-learning apps and websites，such as Duolingo，Memrise，Clozemaster，Anki and Lingvist allow you to add several languages at once. 5 This way，when you are on-the-go，you have quick access to a way to study any of the languages you are trying to learn. A．This process can be very difficult. B．Choose languages that vary in difficulty. C．Study the same topic in all of the languages. D．You can use a website to find a group like this. E．This can help you understand the languages on a deeper level. F．It is helpful to give one of the languages the most time and attention. G．Download an app，and then add all of your languages，if they are available on it. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何同时学习几种语言。 1．答案　A 解析　上文说学一门新语言就具有挑战性，而有时需要同时学几种语言。选项A 承接上文，说明同时学习几种语言的过程是非常困难的，同时与下文中同时学习几种语言的好处形成转折。 故选A。 2．答案　B 解析　空格处是本段主题句，本段下文建议选择几门难度不同的语言，选项B 引领概括下文。故选B。 3．答案　F 解析　上文“Make one language your priority.”建议优先对待某一门语言，选项F承接上文，说明可以对某一门语言投入最多的时间和精力，同时引出下文这样做的好处。故选F。 4．答案　E 解析　上文“One way to keep all the languages...rather than translating them back to your native language.”建议在新语言之间互译，而不是回到母语，选项E“这能帮助你更深入地理解这几门语言”承接上文，是上文所建议方法的结果。故选E。 5．答案　G 解析　上文“Several language-learning apps... allow you to add several languages at once.”提供了一些语言学习的程序和网站，并说明有些程序上可以添加几种语言，选项G 承接上文，建议下载程序添加语言。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $