Unit3 Section Ⅵ Developing ideas（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（外研版）

本讲义围绕emoji的历史、发展及使用优势展开，通过速读理解文意、细读获取细节、读后语法应用的递进式学习支架，系统梳理emoji的起源、传播及语言功能，衔接阅读理解与语言技能训练。 资料以分层阅读设计提升语言能力，如速读环节的篇章结构填空和细读的细节题；结合语法与语篇分析培养思维品质，如重点句型结构解析和状语从句省略用法；多样化训练题（单句写作、完形填空等）强化学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生通过词块默写和训练题查漏补缺。

Section Ⅵ　Developing ideas Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history and development of emojis and their popularity. B．The origins of the word “emoji”． C．How the use of emoji has an effect on classical literature. D．The best way to communicate is to use emojis. 答案　A Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks. Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．Why is the author’s personal experience mentioned in the beginning? A．To arouse the readers’ interest and introduce the topic. B．To show the meaning of some pictures. C．To tell us the author has a preference for emojis. D．To explain what emojis are. 答案　A 2．What is the original meaning of “emoji”？ A．Picture character. B．Pictorial language. C．Emotional picture. D．Emotional symbol. 答案　A 3．When were emojis first introduced in Japan? A．In 1988. B．In 1998. C．In 1999. D．In 2009. 答案　C 4．Compared with written language，which is NOT the advantage of emojis? A．Emojis are quick and easy to use. B．Emojis can express meanings more clearly. C．Emojis can add emotional meaning to the language. D．Emojis can help people express feelings when they can’t find the appropriate words. 答案　B 5．What is the author’s attitude to the popularity of emojis? A．Supportive. B．Neutral. C．Skeptical. D．Critical. 答案　A Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Nowadays “emojis” are used everywhere.The word “emoji” comes from Japanese，literally 1.meaning(mean) “picture character”．When first 2.introduced(introduce) in Japan in 1999，emojis 3.were limited(limit) to 176 simple designs.Now there 4.are(be) more than 3,000 emojis that expand upon the way in 5.which we communicate.In today’s world，emojis have become 6.increasingly(increase) popular.The use of emojis has even spread to 7.classical(classic) literature，which makes the classics more accessible 8.to young readers.However，some people think these new 9.versions(version) have taken away the heart and soul of the classics.Perhaps emojis will have become a real pictorial “language” one day.10.But，for now，maybe it’s best that we just enjoy using them. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．It took me a minute before I realised what it meant.(P42 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。before引导时间状语从句，what it meant是宾语从句，作realised的宾语；what在从句中作meant的宾语。 汉语翻译：我花了一分钟才理解这条消息的意思。 2．The signs he used were to say(say) that he’d be running late and would be there soon.(P42 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。he used是省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词The signs；that引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：他用的这些符号是想说他要迟到了，会尽快过来。 3．With the rapid development of social media，emojis are becoming an integral component of the language we use to express ourselves(we)．(P42 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。we use to express ourselves是省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the language。 汉语翻译：随着社交媒体的飞速发展，表情符号正在成为我们用于表达自我的语言不可或缺的一部分。 4．Now there are more than 3,000(3 000多个) emojis that expand upon the way in which we communicate.(P43 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰名词emojis；in which引导定语从句，修饰the way。 汉语翻译：现在我们能使用3 000多个表情符号来拓宽我们的交流渠道。 5．With a smiling or sad face added(add) to a message or post，your reader can “see” your facial expression while reading your words.(P43 Para.6) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。while reading your words为时间状语从句的省略形式；With a smiling...post是“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构。 汉语翻译：当在信息或帖子中加一个微笑表情或悲伤表情时，你的读者在读你写的内容时就能“看到”你的面部表情。 6．For instance，if your friend is moving across the country，you may just send them a string of(一连串的) crying faces to express(express) your sadness over your separation.(P43 Para.6) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句。 汉语翻译：举个例子，假如你的朋友将要搬去另一个国家，你可以发给他们一串哭脸，来表达自己对于你们将要分离的忧伤之情。 7．Users(use) of emojis say that they facilitate the way in which we communicate and express ourselves(we)．(P44 Para.8) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。that引导宾语从句；in which引导定语从句，修饰the way。 汉语翻译：表情符号的使用者声称它们更便于我们沟通交流、表达自我。 8．But this makes others，especially(especial) educators，worry that we are losing the ability to communicate properly(proper) using the written word，or even the spoken word.(P44 Para.8) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。主句是this makes others worry；that引导宾语从句；现在分词短语using...spoken word作方式状语。 汉语翻译：但是这使得一些人，尤其是教育工作者，担心我们正在失去使用书面语甚至口语来正确沟通的能力。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 状语从句的省略 While waiting outside the cafeteria，I received the following message from my friend.(P42 Para.1) 在自助餐厅外等待的时候，我收到了朋友发来的如下信息。 结构分析：本句为时间状语从句的省略形式，While后省略了I was。 When first introduced in Japan in 1999，emojis were limited to 176 simple designs.(P43 Para.5) 1999年，表情符号首次在日本推出，当时只有176个简单的图案。 结构分析：本句为时间状语从句的省略形式，When后省略了emojis were。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————状语从句的省略有两种形式： ·当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 ·当从句中含有“it＋be动词”时，可将it和be动词省略。 　————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)如果被录取，我会尽我所能做好这份工作。 If (I am) admitted，I will do all I can to do the occupation well. (2)我一听到这个消息就震惊得僵住了，仿佛在地上扎了根。 On hearing the news，I froze with shock，as if (I was) rooted to the ground. (3)虽然由于长时间的参观而感到疲惫，但我们对中国剪纸有了深刻的了解。 Although tired from the long visit，we gained a deep understanding of Chinese paper-cutting. (4)如果方便的话，下周二早上9点我会在博物馆入口处跟你会合。 If (it is) convenient，I’ll meet you at 9：00 am next Tuesday at the entrance to the museum. 主语＋be＋形容词＋to do People like them because they add emotional meaning，and are quick and easy to use.(P43 Para.6) 人们喜欢它们，因为它们增添了语言的情感含义，用起来方便快捷。 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句；they...are quick and easy to use是“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”结构。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————·在“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”句型中，动词不定式的逻辑宾语就是句子的主语，通常以主动形式表被动意义。常用于此结构的一些形容词有easy，interesting，hard，difficult，impossible，comfortable等。 ·动词不定式中的动词(短语)为不及物动词时，需要加适当的介词，使句子主语与这个动词短语构成动宾关系。 　————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)他强调道，即使这个问题很难解决，他也不会放弃，因为他坚信“有志者，事竟成”。 He emphasised that even though the problem was difficult to solve，he wouldn’t give it up because he firmly believed that “Where there is a will，there is a way.” (2)与他的孪生妹妹相比，他是一个外向体贴的男孩，更容易相处。 In contrast to his twin sister，he is an outgoing and considerate boy who is easier to get along with. (3)经过一天漫长的工作，我硬撑着来到我最喜欢的沙发上，坐在上面很舒服。 After a long day’s work，I dragged myself to my favorite sofa，which/that is comfortable to sit on. 课文重点词块默写 1．迟到；延迟 run late 2．搜索，搜寻 search for 3．跟风；跟随潮流 follow the trend 4．随着社交媒体的快速发展 with the rapid development of social media 5．限于 be limited to 6．由于它们的受欢迎程度 due to their popularity 7．第一次 for the first time 8．有胜过……的优势 have advantages over 9．类似于；与……相似 be similar to 10．例如 for instance 11．一连串的；一系列的，一批 a string of 12．古典文学 classical literature 13．剥夺了……的精髓 take away the heart and soul 14．用……取代/代替 replace...with 15．有……的趋势 have a tendency to 16．突然出现，冒出来 pop up 17．毕竟；终究 after all 训练7　Developing ideas(A)　[分值：40分] Ⅰ.单句写作(交流方式的变化)(共15分) 1．近年来，随着科学技术的发展，人们生活中的交流方式呈现出新的面貌。(with the development of...) With the development of science and technology，the way of communication in people’s life has taken on a new look in recent years. 2．过去，你需要几天的时间才能收到朋友的信或通过写信与他们取得联系。(take sb some time to do) It used to take days to receive your friends’ letters or get in touch with them by writing. 3．当连接到互联网时，人们可以随时发送和接收电子邮件。(状语从句的省略) When connected to the Internet，people can send and receive e-mails whenever they like. 4．有了这些变化，即使身处不同的国家，人们也可以在几秒钟内收到一封电子邮件。(before) With these changes it takes only several seconds before people receive an e-mail even if they are in different countries. 5．难怪人们，尤其是年轻人，更喜欢在社交媒体上交流的方式。(the way作先行词) No wonder that people especially the young prefer the way they communicate on the social media. 【组句成篇】　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 With the development of science and technology，the way of communication in people’s life has taken on a new look in recent years.It used to take days to receive your friends’ letters or get in touch with them by writing.However，nowadays，when connected to the Internet，people can send and receive e-mails whenever they like.With these changes it takes only several seconds before people receive an e-mail even if they are in different countries. No wonder that people especially the young prefer the way they communicate on the social media. Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) Recently I read Nineteen Eighty-Four，a novel by George Orwell set in a totalitarian(极权主义的) state where even the language they use is controlled.Adjectives are forbidden and instead they use the words such as “ungood”，“plus good” and “double plus good” to express emotions. As I first read this I thought how impossible it would be in our society to have such vocabulary.However，the more I thought about it，the more I realized in its own way it was already happening.I type messages to my friends and alongside each is an emoji(表情符号)．I often use them to emphasize something，or to seem not too serious，or because this specific GIF conveys my emotions much better than I ever could using just words.And I wonder，“With too much use of emojis，are we losing the beauty and diversity of our vocabulary？” English has the largest vocabulary in the world，with over one million words，but who’s to say what it’ll be like in the future? Perhaps we will have a shorter language，full of saying “cry face” if something sad happens or using LOL (laugh out loud) or BRB (be right back) instead of saying the full phrase.So does this mean our vocabulary will shrink? Is it the start of an exciting new era? Yet when you look back over time，the power of the image has always been there.Even in the prehistoric era they used imagery to communicate，and what’s even more incredible is that we are able to analyse those drawings and understand the meaning of them thousands of years later.Pictures have the ability to go beyond time and language.Images，whether they are cave paintings or emojis，allow us to convey a message that’s not restrictive but rather universal. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章作者通过读《一九八四》这本小说以及用表情符号与朋友交流的例子阐述了符号在交流中的作用。 1．What is the reason for the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four being mentioned? A．To introduce the following topic. B．To recommend this book to readers. C．To show the author’s special interest. D．To show the diversity of languages. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容并结合下文可推知，《一九八四》被提及是为了引出下文关于符号或图像语言在我们生活中的应用这个话题。故选A。 2．Why does the author often use emojis while typing messages? A．Because they are easy to type. B．Because they are amusing to use. C．Because they can better convey emotions. D．Because they reflect the diversity of languages. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I often use them to emphasize something，or to seem not too serious，or because this specific GIF conveys my emotions much better than I ever could using just words.”可知，作者在打字时经常使用表情符号是因为它们能更好地传达情感。故选C。 3．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．English vocabulary will become smaller. B．A new language era has come into being. C．English will be more popular in the future. D．Short forms of words may be popular in the future. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Perhaps we will have a shorter language，full of saying ‘cry face’ if something sad happens or using LOL (laugh out loud) or BRB (be right back) instead of saying the full phrase.”可推知，将来缩略语也许会很受欢迎。故选D。 4．What might be the author’s opinion? A．We shouldn’t use emojis too much. B．Emojis can be understood universally. C．Languages will be replaced by emojis. D．We have to learn several languages. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据文章最后一句“Images，whether they are cave paintings or emojis，allow us to convey a message that’s not restrictive but rather universal.”可推知，作者也许认为表情符号可以被普遍理解。故选B。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) Massimo Bottura opened a restaurant in Italy in 1995 which is a two-time winner of the world’s best.Today，his cooking empire 1 from Dubai to Los Angeles.And he is one of the stars of a popular Netflix series.However，out of all those 2 ，Italy’s most celebrated chef says the peak is Refettorio Ambrosianos. At Refettorio Ambrosianos，dinner guests are greeted by name and dine on fine china at tables.The menu changes daily， 3 what comes in with the morning’s delivery.The delivery may 4 dry vegetables，meat close to sell-by date and too-ugly-to-sold fruits.By dinner，however，the supermarket wastes have been 5 into delicious meals.About 100 diners—refugees，the homeless，and the unemployed—enjoy the meal with obvious 6 ，laughing with the volunteer waiters，praising the volunteer chefs，and forgetting，at least for an hour，the 7 of a life on the streets. 8 ，Bottura’s Refettorios are not restaurants，they are soup kitchens.But unlike 9 soup kitchens，the guests don’t have to wait in a line.As Bottura says，the experience can make his guests 10 confidence，forget the hardships and feel 11 . Chefs at Refettorio cook free meals with 12 from local shops.So Refettorio Ambrosianos are 13 as places to focus attention on the growing global food waste problem.“Refettorio Ambrosiano is a movement hoping to 14 food waste crisis，” says Bottura，“I never thought leftover foods were a waste.They are just opportunities for us to create something 15 .” 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Refettorio Ambrosianos利用商店、超市等地方的剩余食材为难民、无家可归者和失业人员做出免费的美食，让客人重新获得信心，忘记困难。 1．A.extracts B．expands C．exposes D．estimates 答案　B 解析　extract提取；expand扩展；expose暴露；estimate估计。根据上文“his cooking empire”和下文“from Dubai to Los Angeles”可知，他的烹饪帝国从迪拜扩展到了洛杉矶，故选B。 2．A.consequences B．fantasies C．achievements D．entertainments 答案　C 解析　consequence结果；fantasy幻想；achievement成就；entertainment娱乐。根据上文“out of all those”和下文“the peak”可知，上文说的是在所有的成就中，故选C。 3．A.depending on B．insisting on C．switching on D．calling on 答案　A 解析　depend on取决于；insist on坚持；switch on转换；call on号召。根据上文“The menu changes daily”和下文“what comes in with the morning’s delivery”可知，菜单每天都在变化，取决于早上送来的东西，故选A。 4．A.comprise B．link C．trace D．consume 答案　A 解析　comprise包括；link联系；trace跟踪；consume消耗。根据上文“The delivery”以及下文“dry vegetables，meat close to sell-by date and too-ugly-to-sold fruits”可知，下文是上文的组成部分，空白处应填表示“包括”含义的动词，故选A。 5．A.obtained B．displayed C．transformed D．interpreted 答案　C 解析　obtain获得；display陈列；transform转变；interpret口译。根据上文“the supermarket wastes”以及下文“delicious meals”可知，超市里的剩余食物已经变成了美味的饭菜，故选C。 6．A.quantity B．suspect C．ambition D．pleasure 答案　D 解析　quantity数量；suspect怀疑；ambition野心；pleasure快乐。根据上文“enjoy the meal”可知，此处指食客尽情享受这顿饭，故选D。 7．A.challenges B．expectations C．boundaries D．conflicts 答案　A 解析　challenge挑战，困难；expectation期待；boundary分界线；conflict冲突。根据下文“life on the streets”可知，此处上下文说的是暂时忘记大街上的艰难生活，故选A。 8．A.Ultimately B．Actually C．Barely D．Merely 答案　B 解析　ultimately最后；actually事实上；barely勉强；merely仅仅。根据下文“Bottura’s Refettorios are not restaurants，they are soup kitchens”可知，此处陈述了一个事实，空白处应填表示“实际上”含义的副词，故选B。 9．A.contradictory B．abstract C．complex D．traditional 答案　D 解析　contradictory矛盾的；abstract抽象的；complex复杂的；traditional传统的。根据下文“the guests do not have to wait in a line”可知，此处在与传统的施粥所进行比较，故选D。 10．A.reveal B．recall C．regain D．react 答案　C 解析　reveal揭露；recall回想起；regain重新获得；react反应。根据上文“refugees，the homeless，and the unemployed”可知，来店里吃饭的人的生活处境都不太好，故推测他们可能没有信心；根据下文“confidence”可知，来店里吃饭这种体验可以让他们重新获得自信，故选C。 11．A.occupied B．tricked C．comforted D．committed 答案　C 解析　occupied占用的；tricked被骗的；comforted被安慰的；committed忠诚的。根据上文“the experience can make his guests confidence，forget the hardships”可推理出，这种体验能给他的客人们一种被安慰的感觉，故选C。 12．A.leftovers B．grains C．desserts D．recipes 答案　A 解析　leftover剩饭，剩余物；grain谷物；dessert甜点；recipe食谱。根据下文“from local shops”以及“I never thought leftover foods were a waste.”可知，店里的厨师用当地商店的剩余物做免费饭菜，故选A。 13．A.clarified B．acknowledged C．qualified D．protected 答案　B 解析　clarify澄清；acknowledge承认，认为；qualify使具有资格。根据下文“places to focus attention on the growing global food waste problem”可知，Refettorio Ambrosianos被认为是关注日益严重的全球食物浪费问题的地方，be acknowledged as意为“被认为是……”。故选B。 14．A.defend B．blame C．strengthen D．defeat 答案　D 解析　defend防御；blame责怪；strengthen加强；defeat战胜。根据上文“a movement hoping to”以及下文“food waste crisis”，此处指一个希望战胜食物浪费危机的运动，故选D。 15．A.vivid B．remarkable C．amusing D．optimistic 答案　B 解析　vivid生动的；remarkable非凡的；amusing有趣的；optimistic乐观的。根据上文“Refettorio Ambrosiano is a movement hoping to food waste crisis”可知，此处说的是Refettorio Ambrosiano利用剩余食材做免费饭菜，希望战胜食物浪费危机是一件非凡的事，故选B。 训练8　Developing ideas(B)　[分值：32.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A When Faith Wanjiku graduated from the Technical University of Kenya last year，she immediately enrolled at the Confucius Institute at Kenyatta University.She wanted to learn Chinese，as she believed that it would help her land a good job.She has just completed the HSK level Ⅲ exam.The HSK exam is a test of Chinese language proficiency(水平) for non-native speakers，organised by the Confucius Institute Headquarters. However，level Ⅲ isn’t enough for Wanjiku，who plans to pass HSK level Ⅵ.“I want to increase my level of understanding and improve my spoken Mandarin，” she said.And Wanjiku isn’t alone.The Ministry of Education reported in May 2019 that the number of people taking the HSK reached 6.8 million in 2018，up 4.6% from a year earlier. Chinese is becoming an increasingly popular choice of language to study around the world.Currently，middle school students in Russia can take a Chinese language test as part of the country’s national college entrance exam.In 2019，Zambia became the fourth country in Africa—after Kenya，Uganda，and South Africa—to introduce Chinese language to its schools.And many English-speaking countries have shown an interest in allowing their students to learn Chinese.For example，the US government announced the launch of “1 Million Strong” in 2015，a plan that aims to bring the total number of learners of Chinese to 1 million.Additionally，a 2017 survey by the British Council showed that Chinese has become one of the languages that British parents most want their children to learn. Behind the growing popularity of Chinese language learning is the international community’s positive expectations of China’s future development，which has also created worldwide interest in learning more about Chinese civilization and culture. “I am fascinated with China’s history，culture，and language，as well as its economic development，and I think that studying in China could provide me with some great job opportunities，as I see growing investment and cooperation between the two countries，” said Patcharamai Sawanaporn,26，a Thai student graduate of Beijing’s University of International Business and Economics. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了中文在世界各地正越来越受欢迎这一现象，并分析了这种现象出现的原因。 1．Why does Faith want to learn Chinese? A．To pass the HSK level Ⅵ exam. B．To get a good job after graduation. C．To graduate from the Technical University of Kenya. D．To study at the Confucius Institute at Kenyatta University. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“She wanted to learn Chinese，as she believed that it would help her land a good job.”可知，Faith想学中文是为了在毕业后找一份好工作。故选B。 2．What is the function of the first two paragraphs? A．To advertise for HSK exam. B．To think highly of a good student. C．To introduce the topic of learning Chinese. D．To stress the importance of language learning. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“She wanted to learn Chinese，as she believed that it would help her land a good job.”和第二段的“And Wanjiku isn’t alone... up 4.6% from a year earlier.”可推知，前两段通过举例和列数据的方式引出了学习汉语的话题。故选C。 3．What is the goal of the “1 Million Strong” plan? A．To get Americans to pass HSK level Ⅵ. B．To encourage more Americans to learn Chinese. C．To introduce Chinese to 1 million middle schools. D．To sponsor one million Chinese schools around the world. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“For example，the US government announced the launch of ‘1 Million Strong’ in 2015，a plan that aims to bring the total number of learners of Chinese to 1 million.”可知，“1 Million Strong”计划的目标是让更多的美国人学习中文。故选B。 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Faith has found an ideal job in China. B．Learning Chinese is becoming more popular. C．Students in Russia must pass a Chinese language exam. D．The plan “1 Million Strong” has been adopted in many countries. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“Chinese is becoming an increasingly popular choice of language to study around the world.”和“Additionally，a 2017 survey by the British Council showed that Chinese has become one of the languages that British parents most want their children to learn.”可知，学习汉语正变得越来越受欢迎。故选B。 B We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel(柴油) vehicles.Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic，creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides.The solution to a cleaner，greener future could be electric vehicles.But how optimistic should we be? There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030.But is that easier said than done? The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.Currently，battery life is an issue—a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol.There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an electric vehicle into.Of course，technology is always improving.Some of the biggest tech companies，like Google and Tesla，are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars.And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too.Colin Herron，a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology，told the BBC，“The big leap forward will come with solid-state batteries，which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.” These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range.Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power.But some countries offer incentive，such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes，and not charging for road tax and parking.Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on，overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita(人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1,000 inhabitants.But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future.“It’s emission-free motoring，but the car has to be built，the battery has to be built，and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。 5．What can we infer from the question at the end of paragraph 1? A．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles. B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems. C．We should not be too optimistic about the future. D．It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But is that easier said than done？”可知，第一段提出疑问：英国宣布从2030年开始禁止销售新型汽油和柴油汽车，这说起来容易做起来难吗？第二段第一句“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.”指出实现全球交通完全电动化还有很长的路要走。由此可推测出，作者在第一段最后提出疑问是想说明用电动汽车来实现环保并不容易。故选A。 6．What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in paragraph 2? A．Permission. B．Encouragement. C．Admission. D．Insistence. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power.”和画线词后的“such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes，and...”可知，画线词后的举例是对incentive的进一步说明，即通过降低进口税以及不收取道路税和停车费来降价，这些有助于降低购买和使用成本，有助于激励人们购买电动汽车，故incentive意为“激励措施”。故选B。 7．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future. B．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”． C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric. D．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on，overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.”可知，电动汽车会有专用车道，这说明电动汽车在未来可能不会陷入交通堵塞。故选D。 8．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Electric Power or Petrol：A Tough Decision to Make B．Electric Vehicles：A Road to a Greener Future C．Total Electric Traffic：A Long Way to Go D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles：A Main Source of Gases 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.”可知，文章主要讲了电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Fast fashion has been on the rise since the early 2000s. 1 However，it has harmful effects on the environment.Here are some facts about fast fashion that you may not know. •100 billion pieces of clothing are produced each year.To keep up with changing fashions，a large amount of clothing is produced every year—100 billion pieces to be exact. 2 This results in a huge amount of textile(纺织品) waste.About 85% of all textiles are thrown away every year，from clothes that lose their quality to clothes that go out of fashion. • 3 Every piece of clothing is made from some kind of fabric(织物)．Some clothes are made from natural fibres(纤维) such as cotton or wool，which require a large amount of water to produce.For example，more than 20,000 litres (L) of water are needed to get just one kilogram of cotton! Water is also used in other clothing production processes，such as giving colour to fabrics.It can take around 7,000 litres of water to produce one pair of jeans and 2,700 litres to produce a cotton shirt! •Fast，cheap clothes mean poor working conditions for workers.Fast fashion is made by factory workers in developing countries.Often working conditions are poor: 4 Fast fashion companies often place making money above workers’ health and well-being. As consumers(消费者)，we can all play our part in reducing the environmental influence of the fashion industry.We should take care of our clothes to make sure that they last as long as possible. 5 When we grow out of our clothes we can donate them instead of throwing them away. A．That’s almost 12 pieces for every human being on the planet. B．There is low pay，poor safety rules，and long working hours. C．Fast fashion has made new fashionable clothes more affordable. D．The fashion industry uses a lot of water，about 93 billion m3 every year. E．Where possible，we can repair our clothes instead of buying new clothes. F．The fashion industry has become the second largest polluter of clean water. G．Consumers keep buying and throwing away clothes and create unnecessary waste. 语篇解读　这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了快时尚对环境的恶劣影响和消费者如何减少这种影响。 1．答案　C 解析　根据后文“However，it has harmful effects on the environment.”可知，前后文构成转折关系，此处是讲快时尚的好处。故选C。 2．答案　A 解析　根据前文“100 billion pieces of clothing are produced each year.To keep up with changing fashions...”和后文“This results in a huge amount of textile(纺织品) waste.”可知，此处是指生产的衣服过剩导致了大量纺织品浪费，所以选项A“几乎是地球上每个人12件”能够承上启下，选项中的12 pieces与前文中100 billion pieces相呼应。故选A。 3．答案　D 解析　根据后文“Every piece of clothing is made from some kind of fabric(织物)．Some clothes are made from natural fibres(纤维)．..，which require a large amount of water to produce.”可知，此处是指服装生产需要大量的水，故选D。 4．答案　B 解析　根据前文“Often working conditions are poor”可知，此处是描述恶劣的工作条件，所以选项B“工资低，安全规则不健全，工作时间长”切合文意。故选B。 5．答案　E 解析　根据前文“We should take care of our clothes to make sure that they last as long as possible.”和后文“When we grow out of our clothes we can donate them instead of throwing them away.”可知，此处是讲日常生活中个人应该如何减少衣服对环境的影响，所以选项E“在可能的情况下，我们可以修补我们的衣服，而不是买新衣服”切合文意。故选E。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $