Unit2 Section Ⅵ Developing ideas（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（外研版）

本讲义聚焦青少年金钱管理主题，以“速读整体理解-细读细节分析-读后语言巩固”为学习支架，系统梳理文章大意、篇章结构及核心细节，辅以语法填空、重点词块积累和写作训练，构建从输入到输出的完整学习链条。 资料通过分层任务设计提升语言能力，如结合四罐子理财法案例培养推理与评价的思维品质，写作训练融入拟人句、倒装句等语法点强化学习能力。课中助力教师分层教学，课后学生可借助资料回顾知识、完成训练，有效查漏补缺。

Section Ⅵ　Developing ideas Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．Reminding you of the future life. B．Introducing the functions of different jars. C．Encouraging teenagers to earn more money. D．Teaching children how to manage their money wisely. 答案　D Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks. Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What do young people do with their money? A．None of them deal with money well. B．They make good use of money. C．It varies from person to person. D．They spend their money wisely. 答案　C 2．Who were “Kare Bags” intended for? A．The homeless people. B．The people out of work. C．The people suffering disasters. D．The old people with no children. 答案　A 3．What does the example in paragraph 2 suggest? A．Khloe is a girl who is willing to help others. B．“Kare Bags” contain toothpaste，soap and socks and so on. C．Age is no barrier to making full use of money. D．The help of Khloe’s grandmother is of great importance. 答案　C 4．Why did Jerry send four jars to each of his grandchildren as their birthday present? A．Because he was too poor to afford the expensive present. B．Because he had no opportunity to buy something they like. C．Because he didn’t want them to be big spenders. D．Because he wanted to let them learn lifelong values. 答案　D 5．Which jar is concerned about the present time? A．The Giving jar. B．The Investing jar. C．The Saving jar. D．The Spending jar. 答案　D Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 The spending power of young people 1.varies(vary) from person to person.In contrast to these big spenders，there are also teens that prove age is no barrier 2.to making good use of money.With the help of her grandmother，eight-year-old Khloe Thompson has learnt how to manage her money 3.wisely(wise)． Jerry Witkovsky uses four jars to teach teenagers how to spend their money properly.When Jerry’s grandchildren 4.turned(turn) 13，his present to each of them was four jars.The value 5.taught(teach) with the Spending jar is that you are 6.responsible(responsibility) for your own happiness.Money gives you independence and the opportunity 7.to buy(buy) something you like.The Saving jar gives you a vision for the future.The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future,8.but gives the chance to build for the future.The Giving jar is all about 9.kindness(kind) and helping. The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things 10.that/which it can do，so that they grow up understanding the value of the valuable. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．In contrast to these big spenders，there are also teens that prove age is no barrier to making good use of money.(P26 Para.2) 结构分析：此句话为主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词teens。 汉语翻译：与这些花钱大手大脚的人相比，也有一些青少年证明了年龄并非善于利用金钱的障碍。 2．However people intend to use(use) their money，managing it seems to be unprecedentedly important to younger generations.(P27 Para.3) 结构分析：此句话为主从复合句。however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how；主句的主语是managing it；单个动名词或动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。 汉语翻译：无论人们打算怎样使用自己的钱，理财对于年轻一代来说似乎变得前所未有地重要。 3．For those who have no access to courses，help might be at hand thanks to Jerry Witkovsky and his method of using four jars to teach teenagers how to spend their money wisely.(P27 Para.3) 结构分析：此句话为主从复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those；how to spend their money wisely是“疑问词＋不定式”结构作动词teach的直接宾语。 汉语翻译：对于那些无法接触理财课程的人来说，多亏杰里·维特科夫斯基和他的理财方法——他用四个罐子教青少年如何智慧理财。 4．It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive：spend，save，invest or give？(P27 Para.4) 结构分析：此句话为强调句型，强调时间状语from then on；其中they receive为省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰名词money。 汉语翻译：从那时起，他的孙子孙女们就开始自己掌控如何处理所得的钱：用于消费、储蓄、投资还是给予他人？ 5．The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness(happy)．(P27 Para.5) 结构分析：此句话为主从复合句。taught with the Spending jar是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词value；that引导表语从句。 汉语翻译：“消费”罐子传递的价值是，你要为自己的幸福负责。 6．While the Spending jar is about the here and now，the Saving jar gives you a vision for the future.(P28 Para.6) 结构分析：此句话为while连接的并列句，while表示“对比”，意思是“而”；the here and now意思是“当下，此时此地”。 汉语翻译：“消费”罐子关注的是眼前和当下，而“储蓄”罐子则为你提供了未来的愿景。 7．Whether you want to help out a friend，give money to an animal charity or to children in another country，it’s your money to give to whatever cause you believe in.(P28 Para.8) 结构分析：此句话为主从复合句。whether引导让步状语从句；whatever引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：无论你是想要接济朋友，为动物慈善机构捐款，或是救助另一个国家的孩子，这都是你的钱，你可以把它捐给任何你相信的事业。 8．The wider aim of the jars is to encourage(encourage) teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things that it can do，so that they grow up understanding，if you like，the value of the valuable(value)．(P28 Para.9) 结构分析：此句话为主从复合句。主句中的that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the things；so that引导结果状语从句；understanding...the value...是现在分词作伴随状语；if you like是插入语。 汉语翻译：介绍这四个罐子，更深远的目的在于鼓励青少年以一种更客观的方式思考金钱以及用钱能做的事情，让他们在成长的过程中逐渐理解重要事物的真正价值。 9．In this way，they will be better equipped(equip) in their adult lives to make informed choices about how they use the money they have.(P28 Para.9) 结构分析：此句话为主从复合句。动词不定式短语to make informed choices about...作目的状语；how引导宾语从句；they have为省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰名词money。 汉语翻译：这样，他们在步入成人社会时才会更加得心应手，并且能够对如何管理金钱做出明智的选择。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 拟人句 Recent headlines have seen more and more teens maxing out their parents’ credit cards on games or other online activities.(P26 Para.1) 最近的新闻头条中报道了越来越多的青少年刷爆了父母的信用卡，将钱肆意挥霍在网络游戏或其他网络活动中。 结构分析：此句中see为拟人的写作手法。主语headlines的意思是“新闻头条”；谓语是have seen；have seen more and...maxing out...是see sb doing结构，意思是“看到某人正在……” 。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————·see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。 ·与see用法相同的动词还有witness，find，mark等，这些词在句中作谓语。用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。 　————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)1949年见证了中华人民共和国的成立。 The year 1949 saw/witnessed the founding of the People’s Republic of China. (2)该声明标志着欧洲历史上一个伟大时代的终结。 The announcement marks the end of an extraordinary period in European history. (3)这些古老的建筑见证了这些年来这座城市的快速发展。 These ancient buildings have seen/witnessed the rapid development of the city over the years. 介词短语置于句首的倒装句 Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste，soap and socks，bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding.(P27 Para.2) 包里面装着一些生活必需品，比如牙膏、肥皂和袜子等。最初购买这些物品用的都是她自己的零花钱，后来则是通过众筹购买。 结构分析：此句话为简单句。句中Inside the bags are necessities...是介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装结构；过去分词短语bought first with...funding作定语，修饰名词necessities。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————英语中句子的主谓完全倒装的常见情况有： ·介词短语以及表示地点、方位或时间的副词位于句首时，句子要用完全倒装。此时谓语动词一般为be动词或lie，come，go，stand等动词，且句子的主语为名词。 ·作表语的形容词或分词(短语)位于句首时也可用完全倒装。 ·如果句子的主语为人称代词，则不用倒装语序。 　————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)大树下坐着一群孩子，他们开心地说着笑着。 Under the big tree sat a group of children，who were talking and laughing happily. (2)那里站着一个他以前从未见过的戴着耳机的女孩。 There stood a girl with headphones whom he had never seen before. (3)人们仅仅依赖报纸和广播来获取信息的日子已经一去不复返了。 Gone are the days when people only relied on papers and radios for information. (4)现在轮到你分享你学习英语的经历了。 Now comes your turn to share your experience of learning English. on/upon doing sth On receiving a Kare Bag，one woman said，“You make me feel like a human being.”(P27 Para.2) 在收到“爱心包包”时，一位女士说：“你让我觉得自己活得像个人。” 结构分析：on/upon doing sth 表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————“一……就……”的其他表达方式：the moment/minute/instant＋从句，immediately/instantly/directly＋从句，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when... 　————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)他刚摘下太阳镜，我就认出他来了。 ①Hardly/Scarcely had he taken off his sunglasses when I recognized him. ②No sooner had he taken off his sunglasses than I recognized him. (2)一听到这个消息，他高兴得跳了起来。(on/upon doing...) On/Upon hearing the news，he jumped with joy. (3)一看到主持人走上舞台，所有的学生就都鼓起掌来。(the moment) The moment they saw the moderator stepping onto the stage，all the students clapped their hands. 课文重点词块默写 1．因人而异 vary from person to person 2．面临，面对 be faced with 3．(钱)花光；(信用卡)刷爆 max out 4．信用卡 credit card 5．与……形成对比 in contrast to 6．好好利用…… make good use of 7．在……的帮助下 with the help of 8．零花钱 pocket money 9．(个人的)财务管理 personal finances 10．可以使用，得以进入，可以接近 have access to 11．在手边，在附近，即将来临 (be) at hand 12．从那时起 from then on 13．控制，管理，掌握 be in control of 14．对……负责 be responsible for 15．做……的机会 the opportunity to do 16．毕竟 after all 17．此时此地；目前，眼下 the here and now 18．是……的责任；由……决定 be up to 19．储存，积蓄；搁置 put aside 20．做出明智的选择 make informed choices 训练7　Developing ideas(A)　[分值：40分] Ⅰ.单句写作(培养正确的金钱观)(共15分) 1．上周举行的成人礼仪式标志着我们成年的开始。(mark拟人句) The coming-of-age ceremony held last week marks the beginning of our adulthood. 2．无论你是否意识到，这对我们所有人来说都是最重要的时刻。(whether引导状语从句) Whether you have been aware，it is the most significant moment for all of us. 3．当我们步入成年的那一刻，我们面临着许多现实的事情。(the moment引导从句) The moment we step into adulthood，we are faced with many realistic affairs. 4．如何管理我们的个人财务就在这些事情之中。(介词短语置于句首的倒装句) Among all these affairs is how to manage our personal finances. 5．在顾问的帮助下，我们学习了如何发展正确的金钱观以及如何充分利用我们的零花钱。(with the help of；make good use of) With the help of the adviser，we learn how to develop the right value of money and how to make good use of our pocket money. 【组句成篇】　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 The coming-of-age ceremony held last week marks the beginning of our adulthood.Whether you have been aware，it is the most significant moment for all of us.The moment we step into adulthood，we are faced with many realistic affairs，among which is how to manage our personal finances.With the help of the adviser，we learn how to develop the right value of money and how to make good use of our pocket money. Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) When it comes to youth，the most exciting bit is usually when parents give us pocket money. While the amount of pocket money I get isn’t usually fixed(固定的)，I always ensure that the first thing I do with it is save.I have learnt to set a third as the fraction(小部分) to save，whatever the amount I get from my parents as pocket money.I always take this money to the bank，where I have managed to open a fixed account.The fact that it is a fixed account means I cannot remove money from it anyhow.This strategy has made me slowly and steadily understand the culture of saving. I then usually buy some books.These are mainly documentary magazines，which I read during my leisure time.It is actually one of my hobbies.I have made it a culture of some sort，to always buy at least a documentary magazine，each time I get my pocket money.I find documentary magazines to be quite interesting and an important source of information.I am a lover of general knowledge.I love knowing about everything，how and why things are the way they are. The remainder of the money goes towards others.These include my family and friends.I use it to fulfill the promises that I might have made to any of them.I may buy some gifts for them or give them some kind of surprise.Such gifts and surprises for them usually fill me with satisfaction，since they make them happy.I always feel good to see them happy.After all，what is life all about? In a nutshell，pocket money has taught me how to make wise spending decisions.I know how to handle and spend my cash，whatever the amount it might be.I therefore believe that even if I get the chance to handle even larger amounts in future，I won’t be dazed. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者如何明智地处理零花钱以及这样做给他带来的好处。 1．How does the author deal with his pocket money? A．Putting most of it aside. B．Donating it to those in need. C．Spending most of it immediately. D．Making sure some becomes his savings. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“I have learnt to set a third as the fraction(小部分) to save，whatever the amount I get from my parents as pocket money.”可知，作者会确保零花钱的一部分成为他的积蓄。故选D。 2．Why does the author read documentary magazines? A．He is considering developing a new hobby. B．He is curious about how the world works. C．He wants to know how to save money. D．He has a lot of time to kill. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“I find documentary magazines to be quite interesting and an important source of information...how and why things are the way they are.”可知，作者读纪实杂志是因为他想了解每一件事情以及为什么事情会这样，由此可推知，作者读纪实杂志是因为他对事物感到好奇。故选B。 3．What is life about according to the author? A．Buying books. B．Saving money. C．Making others happy. D．Teaching others to spend money wisely. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Such gifts and surprises for them usually fill me with satisfaction，since they make them happy.I always feel good to see them happy.After all，what is life all about？”可推知，作者认为让他人快乐就是生命的意义。故选C。 4．What does the underlined word “dazed” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Confused. B．Surprised. C．Excited. D．Moved. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“In a nutshell，pocket money has taught me how to make wise spending decisions.I know how to handle and spend my cash，whatever the amount it might be.”可知，作者学到了如何作出明智的支出决定，无论钱有多少，他都能正确地处理和使用金钱。所以，如果在未来遇到更大的金额需要处理，他也不会迷茫和困惑。所以画线单词dazed的意思是“困惑的”。故选A。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) Once upon a time，in a quiet village，there lived a teenager named Alex.Alex was a talented artist who loved painting beautiful landscapes and imaginative scenes.However，there was one thing that held Alex back— 1 of trying new things. One day，Alex 2 an advertisement for a summer art camp in a faraway city.The camp promised to challenge artists to explore new mediums and 3 their creative limits.Excitement and fear 4 within Alex’s heart. Despite the fear，Alex decided to take a leap of 5 and attend the art camp.It was an opportunity to break free from the 6 and discover unknown creativity. Upon arriving at the camp，Alex found a 7 group of artists from different backgrounds，each with their unique styles and perspectives.The atmosphere was filled with creative energy and a sense of 8 . Throughout the art camp，the artists were given various artistic challenges that pushed them out of their 9 zones.They were encouraged to 10 with unfamiliar materials，work with others，and take risks with their art. Alex 11 at first，unsure of the outcome.But the supportive environment of the artists and the shared passion for creativity 12 a newfound determination.With each challenge，Alex discovered 13 talents and unexplored potential. Returning home，Alex carried the 14 of the art camp.The fear of trying new things no longer held Alex back.Instead，it served as a reminder of the untapped potential waiting to be 15 . 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述艺术家Alex原本害怕尝试新的东西，自从参加了一个夏季艺术夏令营，他不再害怕了，而是积极冒险探索，发现自己隐藏的潜能。 1．A.fear B．balance C．awareness D．pressure 答案　A 解析　由末段的“The fear of trying new things no longer held Alex back.”可知，这里指“害怕”尝试新事物阻碍了Alex。故选A。 2．A.handed out B．gave away C．came across D．kept inside 答案　C 解析　由下文“an advertisement for a summer art camp”以及语境可知，这里指Alex“偶然遇到”一则广告。故选C。 3．A.judge B．push C．accept D．maintain 答案　B 解析　由第五段的“pushed them out of their zones”可知，这里指让艺术家们“突破”创造力的极限。push the limits“突破极限”为固定短语，符合语境。故选B。 4．A.froze B．eased C．parted D．battled 答案　D 解析　由上文“Excitement and fear”以及语境可知，这里指Alex内心中的兴奋和恐惧在“斗争”，他不知道该不该去。故选D。 5．A.imagination B．courage C．thought D．doubt 答案　B 解析　由后文“attend the art camp”以及语境可知，Alex最终还是鼓足勇气参加了。take a leap of courage意为“鼓起勇气”，符合语境。故选B。 6．A.basic B．familiar C．possible D．common 答案　B 解析　由下文“discover unknown creativity”可知，只有从“熟悉的”环境中走出去，才能探索未知。故选B。 7．A.diverse B．normal C．huge D．foreign 答案　C 解析　由下文“from different backgrounds”以及“The atmosphere was filled with creative energy”推测，这次活动有一“大” 群艺术家参加。故选C。 8．A.urgency B．humor C．exploration D．promise 答案　C 解析　由上文“discover unknown creativity”可知，这里指氛围中充满了“探索”感。故选C。 9．A.learning B．panic C．time D．comfort 答案　D 解析　由上文“various artistic challenges”可知，艺术家只有走出“舒适”区，才会感受到挑战。故选D。 10．A.group B．return C．experiment D．identify 答案　C 解析　由后文“take risks with their art”可知，艺术家被鼓励用不熟悉的材料“实验”，在艺术上大胆冒险创作。故选C。 11．A.apologized B．signaled C．insisted D．hesitated 答案　D 解析　由下文“unsure of the outcome” 可知，Alex最开始还是“犹豫”不决，对结果没有把握。故选D。 12．A.fueled B．recognized C．postponed D．challenged 答案　A 解析　由下文“a newfound determination”以及语境可知，这里指周围的氛围“增强”了他新建立的决心。故选A。 13．A.hidden B．known C．sorted D．tailored 答案　A 解析　由上文“discovered”以及下文“unexplored”可知，这里指Alex发现了自己“隐藏的”天赋。故选A。 14．A.questions B．shadows C．lessons D．routines 答案　C 解析　由上文“Throughout the art camp，the artists were given various artistic challenges that pushed them out of their zones.”以及语境可知，通过这次夏令营，学员获得很多经验，所以这里指Alex带着“经验”回家了。故选C。 15．A.served B．released C．permitted D．ignored 答案　B 解析　由上文“the untapped potential”以及结合语境可知，这里指未开发的潜力正等待被“释放”。故选B。 训练8　Developing ideas(B)　[分值：32.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A There are numerous languages that can provide us with various advantages，ranging from cultural enrichment to trade opportunities.Some of the most notable ones include Chinese，Russian，Arabic，French，and Spanish.Rather than directly teaching these languages，an effective approach to ensure your child’s acquisition of all these languages is through music. Researchers have found music training plays a key role in the development of a foreign language in its grammar，colloquialisms(口语) and vocabulary.One recent study found that when children aged nine and under were taught music for just one hour a week，they exhibited a higher ability to learn both the grammar and the pronunciation of foreign languages，compared to their classmates who had learned a different extra-curricular(课外的) activity. In Finland，it is customary for children to receive musical training from an early age through a playful approach.However，their academic pursuits do not start until the age of seven，with language learning beginning at nine or beyond.Despite this “late start” in all areas except music proficiency，Finnish individuals typically become proficient in three to five foreign languages.Any English-speaking visitor to Finland will find that nearly every Finnish individual communicates in English without any difficulty. Take Ken String fellow，the American singer-songwriter，as an example of the effect of music on the ability to learn foreign languages.Many years ago，well into his thirties，he married a French woman and consequently picked up a whole new language from the beginning.People recording with him in Paris were often amazed at how he had learned it so well without any previous background，but the research explains it.As a musician who made music from childhood，he would have developed his brain’s ability for learning the grammar，semantics(语义) and pronunciation of any new language in adulthood. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐学习对外语习得能力有重要影响。 1．What contributes to learning foreign languages according to the author? A．Self-teaching. B．Home-schooling. C．Knowing the culture. D．Learning music. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Rather than directly teaching these languages，an effective approach to ensure your child’s acquisition of all these languages is through music.”可知，作者认为学习音乐对学习外语有帮助。故选D。 2．What is the current research about? A．Children’s common difficulties in foreign language learning. B．Children’s best age for starting music training. C．Children’s music training and foreign language learning. D．Children’s favourite extra-curricular activities. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第二段末句“One recent study found that when children aged nine and under were taught music for just one hour a week，they exhibited a higher ability to learn...”可知，最近的一项研究是关于儿童音乐培训和外语学习之间的关系。故选C。 3．What can we learn about Finnish people? A．Most adults study music regularly. B．Most of them are gifted in music. C．Most of them start learning foreign languages at 7. D．Most adults can speak foreign languages. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第三段中“Despite this ‘late start’ in all areas except music proficiency，Finnish individuals typically become proficient in three to five foreign languages.”可知，大多数芬兰的成年人都会说外语。故选D。 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To prove a research finding. B．To give practical advice. C．To present an argument. D．To solve a problem. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。由最后一段中“Take Ken String fellow，the American singer-songwriter，as an example of the effect of music on the ability to learn foreign languages.”可推知，作者写最后一段的目的是举例证明该研究发现，即音乐学习影响外语习得能力。故选A。 B Most educators know the basics of peer(同龄人) pressure.When peers are around，teenagers take more risks.For example，teenage males drive faster with other boys in the same car because the reward centers of teenagers’ brains are more active with peers than when alone. However，risk-taking in an educational context is an important skill that enables progress and creativity，which is just one of positive peer effects.People often talk about negative(消极的) peer effects but ignore many studies that show a lot of negative behavior of high school kids is discouraged by friends.There is a lot of very positive pressure that peers apply，like，“No，man，that’s stupid.” This prevention is one of the many underreported forms of peer effects. In a 2018 study of college freshmen，researchers found that having friends with a higher willingness to study is predictive(预测的) of receiving higher freshman grades.Because the study looked at both assigned(指派的) roommate pairings and chosen friend groups，the researchers were able to show the effect wasn’t just a reflection of “selection bias”，with hard-working kids having already chosen to befriend each other.Hanging out with someone who’s hard-working，they concluded，caused teenagers to study for more hours and achieve higher grades.The findings prove previous research showing a connection between how a child views the importance of doing well in school and how their friends do.Similar effects have been proved for volunteer work and health-promotive behaviors，such as exercise. What does all this mean for educators? Effective students can definitely improve classroom situations.In one program，kids were trained to publicly encourage anti-conflict(反冲突) practice.Reports of student conflict dropped 30% over one year.To some extent，this success may lie in the fact that the program got kids’ help.Efforts that engage(使……参与) teens in actual，real-life tasks have been the most promising when it comes to changing the content of the values spread within teenager peer groups. 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了要正确运用同龄人的压力，引导青少年树立正确的人生价值观。 5．What can bring peer pressure to teenagers? A．Presence of their peers. B．Being cheated by their friends. C．Encouragement from their elders. D．Stress response in difficult situations. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“When peers are around，teenagers take more risks.For example，teenage males drive faster ...with peers than when alone.”可知，有同龄人在场会给青少年带来同辈压力。故选A。 6．What is most people’s attitude to peer pressure? A．Appreciative. B．Unclear. C．Acceptable. D．Unsupportive. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据第二段中“People often talk about negative(消极的) peer effects but ignore many studies that show a lot of negative behavior of high school kids is discouraged by friends.”可知，大多数人对同辈压力的态度是消极的，即不支持的，故选D。 7．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Love me，love my dog. B．No competition，no progress. C．Kids can be influenced by close association. D．A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。通读第三段尤其是该段中的“In a 2018 study of college freshmen，researchers found that having friends with a higher willingness to study is predictive(预测的) of receiving higher freshman grades.”可知，第三段主要介绍了孩子会受到亲密关系的影响。故选C。 8．How can peer pressure be applied to education? A．By sorting classroom activities. B．By training students to keep away from conflict. C．By discouraging students from choosing friends. D．By leading students to positive social activities. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Efforts that engage(使……参与) teens in...values spread within teenager peer groups.”可知，要改变青少年同龄人群的价值观，让青少年参与实际的任务是最有希望的，由此可推知，要在教育中应用同辈压力，可以引导学生参加积极的社会活动。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) How do we rid ourselves of the negative(消极的) thoughts and return to a place of peace and acceptance? Read on for some expert-guided tips. Don’t suppress(抑制) the negative thoughts. “Research shows that it’s important not to suppress negative thoughts as this only makes it worse. 1 Then，select a positive thought or visual to engage with in place of the negative thought that you set free，” Dr.Carla Marie Manly，and author of Joy from Fear，tells She Knows. Don’t forget to breathe. “Close your eyes and breathe in for a count of four；then breathe out slowly to the count of four.When worries and stress begin to rise，be kind to yourself. 2 A worried mind gets very calm when it’s focused on breathing rather than worrying，” says Manly. 3 “Just because you have a thought doesn’t mean it’s true.When you notice you’re being hard on yourself or thinking very negatively，take a step back and question the thought you’re having，” suggests Touroni.“ 4 Are you jumping to conclusions？” Try a positive message or mantra(咒语)． When negative thoughts get a hold on you，Manly recommends focusing on a positive message or mantra that feels strong and calming for you.For example，your mantra might be，“All will be well. 5 ” Manly suggests keeping a copy of your mantra in your wallet，on your mirror，and on your desk for a handy reminder during stressful moments. A．Things will work out. B．Think of a peaceful image instead. C．Don’t believe everything you think. D．And then pause to relax and breathe. E．Is there any evidence to support this? F．Can you trace back to where this all started? G．Instead，notice the negative thought and then let it float away. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种帮助摆脱消极想法的方式。 1．答案　G 解析　根据本段小标题“Don’t suppress(抑制) the negative thoughts.”和下文“Then，select a positive thought or visual to engage with in place of the negative thought that you set free”可知，空处应提到释放消极的想法。G项“相反，注意到消极的想法，然后让它飘走”能够承上启下，其中的“let it float away”呼应下文的“set free”。故选G。 2．答案　D 解析　根据本段小标题“Don’t forget to breathe.”可知，本段内容与用呼吸来放松有关，D项中的“breathe”与标题呼应，所以D项“然后停下来放松和呼吸”符合语境。故选D。 3．答案　C 解析　空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Just because you have a thought doesn’t mean it’s true.”可知，本段主要讲述不能盲目相信自己的一切想法，C项概括并引领本段内容。故选C。 4．答案　E 解析　根据上文中的“take a step back and question the thought you’re having(退后一步，质疑自己的想法)”和下文“Are you jumping to conclusions(你是否跳过论证直接得出了结论)？”可知，空处应是在质疑是否有支撑的证据。故选E。 5．答案　A 解析　根据上文“focusing on a positive message or mantra that feels strong and calming for you(专注于积极的信息或能让你感到强大和平静的咒语)”和“All will be well(一切都会好起来的)．”可知，空处也是一句积极的信息，A项“事情会顺利发展”符合语境。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $