Unit1 Section Ⅲ Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（外研版）

本高中英语讲义围绕“成年年龄的意义”核心知识点，通过三位年轻人的视角展开，构建“速读-整体理解文意、细读-深度获取细节、读后-语言知识运用”的递进式学习支架，涵盖文章大意概括、篇章结构分析、细节理解题训练及语法填空、句式结构解析、重点词块积累等内容。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力、思维品质与学习能力培养，通过三阶阅读策略提升学生语言理解与表达能力，结合语法填空、句式分析及词块默写强化语言知识，设计应用文写作模板、阅读理解、完形填空等分层练习，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生自主巩固、查漏补缺。

Section Ⅲ　Understanding ideas Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the text? A．Views about the right to vote. B．Young people should leave home when they grow up. C．What the age of majority means to different people. D．The age of majority varies in different countries. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks. Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What does Bethany think of driving a car? A．One can’t drive a car under 21. B．A driver should be responsible for everyone’s life. C．One mustn’t drive a car after drinking. D．It’s necessary for everyone to drive a car after getting a driving licence. 答案　B 2．Which words can be used to describe Lin Ning after his 18th birthday? A．Selfish and caring. B．Mature and free. C．Caring and responsible. D．Independent and generous. 答案　C 3．Why does Morgan want to live with his parents? A．Because his income is too low. B．Because his parents need looking after. C．Because he wants to get a new job. D．Because he doesn’t move into a rented apartment. 答案　A 4．What does the word “commitment” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Hope. B．Promise. C．Willingness. D．Belief. 答案　B 5．What is another suitable title for the passage? A．The Right to Vote—Your Views B．Teenagers’ Hopes for the Future C．Eighteen—the Age of Indecision D．Turning Eighteen—What Does It Mean? 答案　D Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 In most countries，turning 18 1.marks(mark) the start of adulthood.In this passage，three young people tell us 2.what turning 18 means，or meant，to them. 16-year-old girl Bethany says turning 18 means she is old enough 3.to vote(vote) in the election and have a say on how the government spends the taxes.Though Bethany’s mum，an ambulance driver,4.worries(worry) about her being behind the wheel，Bethany thinks she can take responsibility for her life and the lives of other people. Lin Ning,19-year-old from Shanghai in China,5.celebrated(celebrate) his 18th birthday just before he went to university.He expected to feel 6.instantly(instant) different，but it wasn’t like that.In fact，the change has been more gradual and subtle than he imagined.Instead of 7.being(be) the selfish teenager he used to be，he has begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a stronger sense of social 8.responsibility(responsible)． Morgan,20-year-old from Florida in the US，used to believe he should become 9.more independent(independence) at the age of 18，but the reality for him has been very different.Because he contributes to the household bills and his commute to work is quite expensive，he finds 10.it hard to save any money. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．Here，three young people tell us what turning(turn) 18 means，or meant，to them.(P2) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。what引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中作mean的宾语。 汉语翻译：接下来，有三位年轻人会为我们讲述年满18岁对他们意味着什么，或是曾经意味了什么。 2．One reason is that although I have been working(work) ever since leaving school，I won’t be voting in the next general election(elect)．(P3 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。that引导表语从句；该从句中含有although引导的让步状语从句。 汉语翻译：其中一个原因是虽然我一毕业就工作了，但是我依然不能在下一届大选中投票。 3．Surely，if you’re old enough to earn(earn) a wage and pay taxes，you should be allowed(allow) to have a say on how the government spends them！(P3 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句；how引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语；短语have a say意为“有发言权”。 汉语翻译：当然，我认为如果一个人已经工作并且交税了，那他应该对政府在支配税收方面有一定的话语权。 4．But I think I’m already mature enough to understand(understand) that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people.(P3 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。think后面的“I’m already mature...”是省略了that的宾语从句；that引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语。动名词短语taking...other people作动词means的宾语。 汉语翻译：但是我觉得自己已经足够成熟，知道开车也意味着要对自己和他人的生命负责。 5．When I woke(wake) up the next day，there were still rules to obey and lessons to attend.(P3 Para.2) 结构分析：本句为主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句；to obey和to attend是不定式作后置定语；分别修饰rules和lessons。 汉语翻译：第二天我醒来时，仍然有需要遵守的规则，需要参加的课程。 6．People say that 18 marks(mark) a new chapter in our lives，and that we should become more independent(independent)．(P4 Para.3) 结构分析：本句为主从复合句。两个that均引导宾语从句，作say的宾语。 汉语翻译：人们都说18岁意味着翻开人生的新篇章，我们应该变得更独立。 7．I assumed I’d already have a well-paid job and that I’d be moving into a rented(rent) apartment as soon as I turned 18，but how wrong I was！(P4 Para.3) 结构分析：本句为并列复合句。but连接并列句；I’d already...和that I’d be moving into...是由and连接的两个宾语从句。引导词都是that，在第一个宾语从句中that可省略，而在第二个宾语从句中that不可省略。第二个宾语从句中含有as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：我以为我一到18岁就能有一份薪水不错的工作，能搬进自己租的公寓，我是多么异想天开呀！ 8．Because I contribute to the household bills and my commute to work is quite expensive，I find it hard to save(save) any money.(P4 Para.3) 结构分析：本句为主从复合句。Because引导原因状语从句；主句中的it是形式宾语。 汉语翻译：因为我要分担家庭账单，而且我的通勤费用很高，所以我发现攒钱非常困难。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 as if/though 引导方式状语从句 I expected to feel instantly different，as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.(P3 Para.2) 我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏入一个全新的成人世界。 结构分析：本句为复合句，as if...adult world为as if引导的方式状语从句；从句用had done，表示与过去事实相反。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————as if/though意为“仿佛，好像”引导方式状语从句分以下两种情况： ·如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从句要用陈述语气。 ·当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。 ①如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式(be动词一般用were)。 ②如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。 ③如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might/should＋动词原形”。 　————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)天空中乌云密布，似乎要下雨了。 There were masses of clouds in the sky and it seemed as if it was going to rain. (2)他在黑暗中张着嘴，好像要说些什么似的。 He opened his mouth as if he would say something in the darkness. (3)他如此冷静，表现得好像什么都没发生似的。 So clam was he that he behaved as if nothing had happened. (4)虽然他们是第一次见面，但他们彼此交谈得如此亲密，仿佛是老朋友。 Although they are meeting for the first time，they talk so intimately with each other as if they were old friends. the way 作先行词的定语从句 Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed me.(P3 Para.2) 满18岁后，社会对待我的方式也改变了。 结构分析：本句为复合句，句中that society viewed me为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。从句引导词为that，在从句中作状语。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————way(方式，方法)后的定语从句的引导词有两种： ·在way后面的从句中，如果引导词作主语、宾语或表语，要用that或which引导定语从句，引导词作宾语时可以省略。 ·在way后面的从句中，如果引导词作状语，则用that或in which引导定语从句，也可以省略引导词。 　————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)那位老师向孩子们解释的方法很简单。 The way (that/which) the teacher explained to the children was quite simple. (2)他是如此的傲慢以至于没有人喜欢他说话的方式。 He is so proud that nobody likes the way (that/in which) he speaks. more...than... I guess some responsibilities are more about attitude than age.(P4 Para.3) 我觉得要想负起一些责任，更多的是关乎态度，而不是年龄。 结构分析：本句为简单句；句中的more...than...意为“与其说……倒不如说……”。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————·more...than...结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比，more和than 后接形容词、副词的原级、名词或介词短语等两个并列成分。 ·more than＋ 　————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)他又没通过考试。依我看来，与其说他笨倒不如说他懒。 He failed in the exam again.In my view，he was more lazy than stupid. (2)如果我们还可以为您做些什么，我们非常乐意伸出援手。 If there is something else that we can do for you，we are more than glad to give a helping hand. (3)(应用文写作之邀请信)I would be more than delighted(我会非常高兴) if you could come and join in my birthday party at 7 p．m.next Friday at my home.There will be more than ten friends(将会有十几个朋友) present at the party.The party is more than for fun(不仅仅是为了玩)；it is also for mutual communication.So please accept my sincere invitation. 课文重点词块默写 1．法定成年年龄the age of majority 2．掌管，负责in charge of 3．迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do sth 4．自……以来ever since 5．大选，普选general election 6．交税，纳税pay taxes 7．有发言权have a say 8．在驾驶汽车behind the wheel 9．驾照，驾驶执照driving licence 10．对……负责take responsibility for 11．上大学go to university 12．第二天the next day 13．一种强烈的社会责任感a strong sense of social responsibility 14．器官捐献organ donation 15．信用卡credit card 16．毫无疑问no doubt 17．人生的新篇章a new chapter in one’s life 18．导致，带来；有助于；对……做出贡献contribute to 19．支付……的订金pay the deposit on... 20．获得银行贷款get a bank loan 训练3　Understanding ideas(A)　[分值：40分] Ⅰ.单句写作(应用文写作——申请成为志愿者)(共15分) 1．我一得知孤儿院需要志愿者，就迫不及待地报名了。(the instant；couldn’t wait to do) The instant I learned that volunteers were wanted in the orphanage，I couldn’t wait to sign up for it. 2．我不仅外向，而且非常愿意为我们的社会做出贡献。(more than＋形容词；make contributions to) Not only am I outgoing，but also I am more than glad to make contributions to our society. 3．我与孩子们交流的方式也得到了周围人的认可。(the way作先行词的定语从句；approve) The way I am communicating with children is also well approved by the people around. 4．在我看来，没有人比我更适合这份工作。(suitable) As far as I’m concerned，no one is more suitable for the job than me. 5．如果被接纳为志愿者，我将致力于努力工作。(commit...to...) If admitted to be a volunteer，I will commit myself to working hard. 【组句成篇】　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 The instant I learned that volunteers were wanted in the orphanage，I couldn’t wait to sign up for it.Not only am I outgoing，but also I am more than glad to make contributions to our society.The way I am communicating with children is also well approved by the people around.As far as I’m concerned，no one is more suitable for the job than me.If admitted to be a volunteer，I will commit myself to working hard.I would appreciate it a lot if you can take my application into consideration.Looking forward to your early reply. Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) During my adventure，what impresses me most is something about Aboriginal in Australia，which is worth mentioning.They have a complex and fascinating spiritual life.Their culture is filled with ceremonies with special meaning，among which the Walkabout coming of age ceremony for 16-year-old young men is definitely an intense one. Traditionally，young men who are undertaking their Walkabout ceremony are dressed noticeably.So others know what they are doing.Their bodies are covered with paint and the way they are decorated varies based on region—some will even receive a permanent mark when they set out，such as removal of a tooth. The journey can cover as much as 1,000 miles.The landscape of Australia is famously dangerous with soaring temperatures and poisonous creatures，so the young man must be able to adequately and safely provide for himself.He needs to know how and where to get clean water，to build safe shelter，to hunt for food and to identify edible plants.He must also know which plants are medicative as to care for his own wounds and injuries. While the physical aspect of the Walkabout helps young men prove they are capable members of their tribe，the spiritual aspect makes them a worshiper.He is expected to reflect on his relationship with his ancestral land.He is taught to sing traditional spiritual songs known as “songlines”，which describe their ancestral milestones such as rivers and rock formation.The boys are not given modern instruments such as compasses or drawn maps，so the boy makes his journey with the aid of a spoken map. Today，the traditional Walkabout ceremony is still considered as an extremely important part of their identity by some young boys，but the physically demanding aspects of the Walkabout seem to lose out.Some young men want to complete Walkabout but do not feel comfortable doing so on foot.Others are unable to take a monthly Walkabout due to school or work.They may choose to experience the Walkabout as a road trip，driving through their ancestral lands. Nevertheless，as long as the ceremony helps boys connect with their ancestors，the tradition will never fade. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要对土著人的一个传统的成人礼作了简要和客观的介绍。 1．How do people know about what Aboriginal young people are doing at the Walkabout ceremony? A．From their famous landscape. B．From the communication with local people. C．From the songs they often sing. D．From the features of their dressing. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“young men who are undertaking their Walkabout ceremony are dressed noticeably.So others know what they are doing”可知，人们是从年轻的土著人的服饰上看出他们所在做的事情的，故选D。 2．Why do Aboriginal young men have to provide for themselves? A．Due to lack of efficient transportation. B．Due to their good ability to build shelter. C．Due to the harsh condition of landscape. D．Due to the aid of a spoken map. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。从文中第三段的“The landscape of Australia is famously dangerous with soaring temperatures and poisonous creatures，so the young man must be able to adequately and safely provide for himself.”可知，年轻人必须自给自足的原因是当地的气候和生物条件非常恶劣，故选C。 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Walkabout ceremony is the most important ceremony among Aboriginal. B．Ancestral milestones still have an impact on capable young men in the tribe. C．The tradition of the ceremony is likely to disappear even if preserved well. D．The physically demanding aspects are taken into account at the Walkabout ceremony. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“He is expected to reflect on his relationship with his ancestral land.He is taught to sing traditional spiritual songs known as ‘songlines’，which describe their ancestral milestones such as rivers and rock formation.”可知，部落年轻人仍被要求牢记这片土地的历史和特征，由此可推知，祖先的里程碑对部落里有能力的年轻人仍有影响。故选B。 4．What’s the main purpose of the passage? A．To criticize the negative aspects of Walkabout ceremony of Aboriginal. B．To call on us to preserve the tradition of Walkabout ceremony. C．To appeal to us to worship our ancestors more. D．To give an objective introduction to a traditional ceremony. 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。纵观全文，尤其根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，本文对土著人的一个传统的成人礼作了简要和客观的介绍，由此可推知，文章的主要目的是客观地介绍一种传统仪式，故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) It was early in the morning and I was building a sand castle on the beach.After finishing the basic shape，I began to decorate the form with 1 .A boy walked up and began to kick at the castle.I 2 what was in his mind for him to do such a thing. Pausing for a while，I held out my hand 3 with shells and said，“Here，help me put these on.” He stopped 4 ，looked at me for several seconds，then took them and began to 5 them on the castle.We decorated in 6 silence.When the entire castle was covered in shells，we stepped back to look at the 7 .“We did a good job，” I said，“Thank you.” He smiled at me and left.I watched for a moment as he walked away and 8 the boy’s reaction.He must have been 9 when I didn’t shout at him to stop his kicking，or take even more aggressive action towards him. 10 ，I extended my hand to him，and he chose to spend his 11 on the sand castle. Many years later，that 12 is still a golden thread in my life’s tapestry(织锦)．It is a lovely solution.I realize that when someone gives me a(n) 13 ，if appropriate，I give them some “shells”. If I and others，practice 14 solutions with smaller problems，we may one day seek to find proper ways to deal with the really 15 ones. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在海滩上建造的沙堡遭到一个男孩的破坏，但作者并没有责备他，而是邀请他一起装饰沙堡，最后使男孩兴高采烈地离开。作者回忆这个经历，认为这是一个很好的解决方式，并认为如果我们在小问题上采用类似的方法，我们可以更好地解决大的问题。 1．A.flowers B．shells C．jewels D．stones 答案　B 解析　根据后文“I held out my hand with shells”可知，作者用贝壳装饰沙堡。故选B。 2．A.predicted B．imagined C．wondered D．doubted 答案　C 解析　根据前文“A boy walked up and began to kick at the castle.”可知，一个男孩走了过来，开始踢沙堡。作者想知道男孩为什么这样做。故选C。 3．A.decorated B．covered C．dotted D．filled 答案　D 解析　根据前文“my hand”可知，作者的手里满是贝壳。故选D。 4．A.kicking B．buffeting C．building D．escaping 答案　A 解析　根据后文“looked at me for several seconds”可知，男孩停止踢作者的沙堡。故选A。 5．A.switch B．base C．place D．carry 答案　C 解析　根据后文“them on the castle”可知，男孩接过贝壳把它们放在沙堡上。故选C。 6．A.comfortable B．annoying C．anxious D．shocking 答案　A 解析　根据后文“‘We did a good job，’ I said，‘Thank you.’ He smiled at me and left.”可知，男孩和作者相处融洽，最后在微笑中感谢作者，因此推断二人在舒服的沉默中装饰沙堡。故选A。 7．A.beach B．work C．product D．performance 答案　B 解析　根据前文“When the entire castle was covered in shells...”可知，作者和男孩一起完成了装饰沙堡，所以沙堡成为一件作品。故选B。 8．A.worried about B．cared about C．heard about D．thought about 答案　D 解析　根据前文“He smiled at me”可知，作者对男孩的反应进行思考。故选D。 9．A.defeated B．delighted C．surprised D．satisfied 答案　C 解析　根据后文“when I didn’t shout at him to stop his kicking，or take even more aggressive action towards him”可知，作者没有对他大喊大叫制止他，或者对他采取更激进的行动，所以男孩一定很惊讶。故选C。 10．A.However B．Instead C．Therefore D．Otherwise 答案　B 解析　根据前文“when I didn’t shout at him to stop his kicking，or take even more aggressive action towards him”可知，作者没有对他大喊大叫制止他，或者对他采取更激进的行动，相反向他伸出手，邀请男孩一起装饰沙堡。故选B。 11．A.time B．money C．life D．vacation 答案　A 解析　根据前文“He stopped ，looked at me for several seconds，then took them and began to them on the castle.”以及“he chose to spend”可知，男孩选择花时间与作者一起装饰沙堡。故选A。 12．A.image B．attempt C．issue D．moment 答案　D 解析　根据前文“He smiled at me and left.”可知，男孩向作者微笑表示感谢的举动，那一刻仍然是作者生命织锦上的一根金线。故选D。 13．A.challenge B．option C．opportunity D．assistance 答案　A 解析　根据前文“A boy walked up and began to kick at the castle.”可知，男孩踢作者的沙堡，作者将此行为比作是别人给作者的挑战。故选A。 14．A.efficient B．peaceful C．accessible D．various 答案　B 解析　根据前文“when I didn’t shout at him to stop his kicking，or take even more aggressive action towards him”可知，作者没有对他大喊大叫制止他，也没有对他采取更激进的行为，而是采取平和的方式解决问题。故选B。 15．A.identical B．vital C．unusual D．big 答案　D 解析　根据前文“with smaller problems”可知，如果我们和其他人用和平的方法解决小问题，也许有一天我们会找到处理大问题的正确方法。故选D。 训练4　Understanding ideas(B)　[分值：32.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Scientists have made great discoveries.But how have they influenced our personal lives? Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived? You may be wondering：why is it important to teach kids stories about modern-day scientists? First，stories of scientists can encourage kids.Chris Hadfield is a Canadian who went to space，and he’s a real guitar-playing person.He makes singing videos on the website.His story can make kids think scientists are also common people.Hearing scientists’ stories makes kids think that they can do that too. But not only that，the stories of famous scientists can encourage kids to explore and never give up.Bill Nye was always refused when trying to be an astronaut.But up to now，he has made a lot of successes in his role as a popular science educator and engineer.Besides，it’s no secret that scientific discoveries require trying，and trying again. Another way some scientists can encourage kids is through their diversity.Neil deGrasse Tyson，for example，is an African-American，which is not common in his field.Such stories can make kids think anyone can be a scientist. It’s important to know that scientists don’t need to be “gifted” or “good” at school.Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school，which doesn’t have to be true.They just need to have a great interest in science.Telling students stories of scientists can encourage them to show interest in science.As long as they are interested，they are likely to become a scientist in the future. Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid.This is important—no one can do it alone.Scientists’ stories can encourage today’s young scientists to keep trying.They’ll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of exploring and making discoveries.Even if they haven’t made important discoveries，their research may help the following scientists. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了分享科学家的故事对孩子成长的重要性和积极影响。 1．What can Chris Hadfield’s story tell students? A．Scientists are interested in different things. B．Students should have a hobby of their own. C．Scientists can be ordinary like people around us. D．Students should consider scientists as their models. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His story can make kids think scientists are also common people.”可知，科学家也可能和我们身边的人一样普通。故选C。 2．Which of the following will the author agree with? A．Scientists are not necessarily very smart at school. B．Not all scientists really show interest in science. C．Scientists are usually good at their schooling. D．African-Americans are more likely to become scientists. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段前两句可知，作者认为科学家在学校未必极其聪明。故选A。 3．What can be learned according to the last paragraph? A．Scientists should help each other. B．A scientist should never give up trying. C．Making discoveries is necessary for scientists. D．New scientific discoveries may be based on others’ findings. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid.”及“Even if they haven’t made important discoveries，their research may help the following scientists.”可推知，新的科学发现可能建立在已有的科学成果上。故选D。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Why scientists are important to us. B．Why students love stories of scientists. C．Why scientists can make great discoveries. D．Why students should be taught stories about scientists. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“You may be wondering：why is it important to teach kids stories about modern-day scientists？”可知，文章主要是围绕给学生讲述现代科学家故事的重要性来展开的。故选D。 B Japan recently lowered its voting age from 20 to 18.This decision was in order to help young people feel more engaged in politics.But it may also signal the change of social views regarding the beginning of adulthood. Adulthood has traditionally been defined by a combination of age and the achievement of social milestones(里程碑)．Most countries have a legally defined age to determine when a person becomes an adult—the age of majority.In Australia，most states consider a person to be an adult in court at 18.The age of 18 is also consistent with other adult privileges，such as the right to purchase alcohol and to marry.However,17-year-olds can serve in the army and get a driver’s licence.The law defines adulthood on the basis of age and it also recognizes the process of becoming an adult as involving himself gradually in social responsibility.This legal approach to adulthood is mirrored in other countries，where there are differences between the age of majority and social responsibility given to young people. Socially，determinants(决定因素) of adulthood traditionally focus on a person taking increasing responsibility for their lives in various ways.Completing school，taking full-time employment，getting married and parenthood—these are all observable indicators to determine when a person is viewed as an adult. Since the 1980s，however，people have achieved some of these observable milestones at later ages.Increased access to education has delayed young people leaving home and developing romantic relationships.Economic changes have also resulted in unstable employment markets and increases in costs of living，prompting many young people to remain at home and dependent on parents. Due to these social changes，our expectations of young people and their level of social responsibility have also changed.The recognition of a new life stage—emerging(发展初期的) adulthood—has been recommended to account for the changes to social milestones that have traditionally represented adulthood. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章认为社会变化导致了人们对于成年的观念发生变化。 5．What can we learn about adulthood from the text? A．People reach observable indicators much later. B．Age alone is a reliable determinant of adulthood. C．Participation in politics is a responsibility for adulthood. D．Economic changes mainly shift people’s views on adulthood. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Japan recently lowered its voting age from 20 to 18.This decision was in order to help young people feel more engaged in politics.”和第二段中“The law defines adulthood on the basis of age and it also recognizes the process of becoming an adult as involving himself gradually in social responsibility.”可知，成年了需要参与社会责任，说明参与政治是成年人的责任。故选C。 6．What right can people enjoy at the age of 17 in most states of Australia? A．Voting. B．Buying wines. C．Getting married. D．Driving legally. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“In Australia，most states...However,17-year-olds can serve in the army and get a driver’s licence.”可知，在澳大利亚的大多数州，年满17岁的人有合法驾驶的权利。故选D。 7．What does the underlined word “prompting” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Encouraging. B．Advising. C．Forbidding. D．Persuading. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“Economic changes have also resulted in unstable employment markets and increases in costs of living”和后面的“many young people to remain at home and dependent on parents”可知，此处是指糟糕的社会环境促使许多年轻人待在家里依靠父母，所以prompting意为“促使”。故选A。 8．What’s the main idea of the text? A．Emerging adulthood reflects a new life stage. B．Adulthood is defined differently in different places. C．Social changes are challenging the idea of adulthood. D．Adulthood is a combination of rights and responsibilities. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据最后一段第一句“Due to these social changes，our expectations of young people and their level of social responsibility have also changed.”可知，文章主要是讲社会变化正在挑战人们对于成年的观念。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Having a sense of humor can make your entire life much more enjoyable.For some of us，this comes naturally. 1 If you want some tips to improve your sense of humor，try these out： •Appreciate more stand-up comedies. 2 If you don’t know where to start，look for something to your taste or start with something popular.The law of attraction will help you increase your sense of humor by understanding jokes，pick up lines and other metaphors(比喻)that make people laugh. • 3 If you really want to develop your humor，then try to take something ordinary and make a joke out of it.In fact，there is a hidden joke behind every little event and situation you come across.Go ahead and try it.You will find out that almost everything you see in daily life has a funny side. •Learn some simple jokes. In the beginning，you don’t have to be creative.Just go out and do some research! The Internet is full of great resources for jokes，humor，funny pictures，etc.Try searching for stuff that you like and add funny jokes to the end of your search. 4 •Know the difference between funny and mean. Making fun of someone for things they can’t change can come off as mean.The person who is the target of the joke can grow really embarrassed and it can turn their mood off. 5 You can also make self-depreciating(自嘲)jokes.And there will always be jokes where no one gets hurt. A．Observe other funny people. B．Try to see the funny side of things. C．You will find millions of things to make people laugh. D．For others，we might have to work a little to unlock it. E．To increase your sense of humor，watch more comedies. F．It’s a lot better than watching something that’s a bit of a struggle. G．Instead，make jokes about something they can easily change about themselves. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个可以提升幽默感的方法，大家可以一试。 1．答案　D 解析　根据上一句“For some of us，this comes naturally.”可知，选项D“For others，we might have to work a little to unlock it.”中的“For others”与上一句的“For some of us”相对应，因此D项符合语境。故选D。 2．答案　E 解析　根据段落主题句“Appreciate more stand-up comedies.”可知，本段主要建议人们多看喜剧来提升幽默感，选项E“To increase your sense of humor，watch more comedies.”与本段主题相符；其中comedies是原词复现。故选E。 3．答案　B 解析　空处为段落主题句，根据本段中“If you really...then try to take something ordinary and make a joke out of it.”和“You will find out that almost everything you see in daily life has a funny side.”可知，本段主要是鼓励人们试着去发现事物有趣的一面，与选项B“Try to see the funny side of things.”意思相符。故选B。 4．答案　C 解析　根据上一句“Try searching for stuff that you like and add funny jokes to the end of your search.”可知，你可以搜索一些有趣的事情，选项C“你会发现很多令人们发笑的事”承接上文，呈现搜索的结果。故选C。 5．答案　G 解析　根据上文“Making fun of someone for things they can’t change can come off as mean.”可知，拿一些别人无法改变的事情开玩笑是很刻薄的，选项G提出正确的做法应该是拿一些别人很容易改变的事开玩笑，符合语境。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $