Unit1 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦词汇学习核心知识点，系统梳理30个重点词汇及短语，通过18组拓展词汇（如派生词、转化词）构建构词网络，结合13个阅读词汇的语境应用，形成从基础识记到拓展理解再到语境运用的学习支架。 资料特色在于通过构词法（如legal-illegal, approve-approval）培养语言能力，借助一词多义（swallow的“吞下/忍受/燕子”）和熟词生义（prey“捕食”、tax“伤脑筋”）训练思维品质，配套阅读、语法填空等训练提升学习能力。课中写作佳句辅助教学，课后分层练习助力学生查漏补缺。

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．virtue n．美德 2．licence n．执照 3．loan n．(银行等的)贷款 4．milestone n．重大事件，里程碑 5．wage n．(按小时、日或周计算的)工资，薪金 6．tax n．税 7．ambulance n．救护车 8．mature adj.成熟的，明白事理的 9．instantly adv.立即，马上 10．childhood n．童年，儿童时代 11．subtle adj.难以察觉的；微妙的 12．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的 13．minimum adj.最小的；最少的 14．cherish v．重视，珍视 15．routine n．惯例，习惯 16．swallow v．吞下，咽下 17．chew v．咀嚼 18．masterpiece n．杰作 19．tiresome adj.烦人的，令人厌烦的 20．bond n．纽带，关系 21．golf n．高尔夫球运动 22．airline n．航空公司 23．have a say有发言权 24．behind the wheel在驾驶汽车 25．take responsibility for对……负责；承担责任 26．lay aside把……搁置一边 27．devote oneself to致力于，献身于 28．at a glance一瞥，看一眼 29．distinguish...from... 使……有别于……；把……与……区分开 30．be concerned with 关注；与……有关；涉及 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．adulthood n．成年→adult n．成年人 adj.成年的；成熟的 2．election n．选举→elect v．选举 3．legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.违法的，非法的→legally adv.法律上，合法地 4．obey v．服从；遵守→disobey v．不遵守；不服从 5．selfish adj.自私的→unselfish adj.无私的→selfless adj.无私的 6．approve v．赞成，同意；批准；认可→approval n．赞成；批准，通过→approving adj.赞许的；赞成的→disapprove vi.不赞成；不同意 7．steady adj.稳定的→steadily adv.稳定地；持续地；稳固地→unsteady adj.颤抖的；摇晃的 8．tempt v．诱惑，引诱→tempting adj.吸引人的，诱人的→temptation n．引诱；诱惑 9．librarian n．图书馆管理员→library n．图书馆 10．commitment n．投入，花费；承诺→commit vt.& vi.犯(罪)，犯(错)；承诺，保证→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 11．suitable adj.合适的→unsuitable adj.不合适的→suit v．适合 n．套装 12．varied adj.各种各样的→variety n．不同种类；多种式样→various adj.各种各样的→vary vt.& vi.改变，变化 13．digestion n．消化(过程)→digest v．消化(食物)；领会 n．摘要；文摘 14．consequence n．结果，后果→consequent adj.随之发生的→consequently adv.所以，因此 15．politics n．政治→political adj.政治的→politician n．政治家；政客 16．evidence n．证据→evident adj.清楚的；显然的→evidently adv.明显地 17．memorable adj.难忘的→memory n．记忆力；记忆→memorize vt.记住 18．conclusion n．结论，推论→conclude v．推论，推断 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．Our new neighbor is straightforward and honest and we all admire him for his integrity. n.正直诚实 2．Nowadays，cars have become a common household transport vehicle.adj.家庭的 3．Studies have showed that long commutes affect health，fitness，and happiness. n.每天上班的路程 4．A ￡50 deposit is required when ordering，and the balance is due upon delivery.n.订金 5．As is often the case，life is always a bittersweet journey for most of people.adj.苦乐参半的 6．Unlike middle school students who can live at home，most college students are boarders. n.寄宿生，住校生 7．It is a primeval forest which almost hasn’t been explored yet.adj.原始的，远古的 8．Elderly people are easy preys for dishonest salesmen.n.猎物 9．I was pondering where to go when she phoned me and told me that good news. v.仔细考虑，深思 10．They will concentrate on teaching the basics of reading，writing and arithmetic.n.算术 11．Knowing that he again failed the job interview，he was deeply disheartened. adj.沮丧的，灰心的 12．This trip gave me an opportunity to get to know the city more intimately.adv.亲密地；密切地 13．I don’t think this white and black necktie matches your dark blue suit.n.领带 instantly adv.立即，马上(instant adj.立即的，立刻的；方便的 n．瞬间；片刻) the instant...＝instantly...一……就…… in an instant立刻 for an instant顷刻；一瞬间 名师点津　引导时间状语从句相当于as soon as，表示“一……就……”的有the moment/minute/instant；immediately/directly/instantly等。 (1)I gave the librarian the alarm instantly(instant) I saw the smoke in the distance. (2)The instant I see her，I’ll tell her the boss wants the job done in an instant. (3)Just for an instant I came to realize he wasn’t going to obey the rule from his subtle expression. [写作佳句] (4)他一踏上舞台，大厅里就响起了雷鸣般的掌声和欢呼声。 A burst of thunderous applause and cheers filled the hall，the moment/the instant/instantly/immediately/as soon as he stepped on the stage. approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；认可(approving adj.赞许的；赞成的 approval n．赞同，同意；认可；批准 disapprove v．不赞成；不同意) ·approve of (sb/sb’s) doing sth同意/赞成(某人)做某事 ·meet with/win/earn one’s approval得到某人的认可 (1)His organ donation program failed to meet with his parents’ approval(approve)． (2)We regret to inform you that the committee disapproved(approve) your proposal. (3)It was your approving(approve) look that encouraged me to go on my research and achieve so much progress. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之申请信)如果我的申请能得到你的批准，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if my application could meet with/win/earn your approval. (5)我不同意你说的话，但是我会誓死捍卫你说话的权利。 I don’t approve of what you say，but I will defend to the death your right to say it. commitment n．投入，花费；承诺，保证 [commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺，保证 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的；效忠的] ·make a commitment to do sth承诺/许诺做某事 ·commit oneself to (sth/do sth/doing sth)承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排) commit oneself to (doing) sth/be committed to (doing) sth致力于/全心全意地投入(做)某事 (1)One will not get away with legal systems，if he or she commits a crime.犯(罪或错等) (2)If you are serious about our relationship，you should make a commitment(commit)． (3)The selfless old man always commits himself to helping(help) these homeless children and as a consequence，he is well respected and admired. →Committing himself to helping these homeless children，the selfless old man is well respected and admired.(分词作状语) [写作佳句] (4)中国人民热爱和平，并且中国致力于推动世界和平。 The Chinese people are peace-loving and China is committed to promoting world peace. suitable adj.合适的；适宜的 (suit n．一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜) ·be suitable for sb (某物)适合某人 be suitable to do sth 适合做某事 ·a suit of...一套…… ·suit...to...使……适合…… (1)The man seemed to be in his forties，smartly dressed in a suit and necktie.西装 (2)In my opinion，this piece of music is not suitable(suit) to play at the wedding. (3)As far as I’m concerned，a good speaker suits his presentation to the people of all ages. [写作佳句] (4)在所有运动中，我特别喜欢慢跑，它几乎适合每个人。 Among all sports，I prefer jogging in particular，which is almost suitable for everyone. consequence n．结果；后果；影响 (consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently adv.所以；因此；结果) as a consequence＝in consequence＝as a result结果；因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of＝as a result of由于……的缘故 (1)Glancing at the city，I found it was in ruins in consequence of the severe earthquake. (2)Consequently(consequent)，she understood it and became interested in the study of arithmetic. (3)Be careful of what you say，for it will find its echo；be careful of what you do，for it will show its consequence(consequent)．(慎尔言，将有和之；慎尔行，将有随之。) [写作佳句] (4)昨天下雨了，因此高尔夫比赛取消了。 ①It rained yesterday，and as a consequence/in consequence/consequently/as a result，the golf match was canceled. ②The golf match was canceled as a consequence of/in consequence of/as a result of the rain yesterday. evidence n．[U，C]证据；根据；证明 (evident adj.明显的；清楚的 evidently adv.显然地；明显地) ·evidence of/for sth 某事/物的证据 There is some/no evidence that...有/没有证据证明…… ·It’s evident that...很明显…… (1)There’s some evidence that suitable outdoor activities are good for us. (2)Evidently(evidence)，the days spent on the farm are his memorable memory. (3)There is convincing evidence of/for a link between strong exposure to sun and skin cancer. [写作佳句] (4)很明显，他们取得那么大的成就不是偶然的，而是通过他们的努力。 It is evident that they made such great achievements not by chance but through their hard work. lay aside 把……搁置一边；储存……以备后用；放下，抛开(情感或信仰) lay down放下，搁下；制定，颁布 lay off辞退，解雇，使下岗 lay out铺开，展开；阐述，讲解；规划，设计(场地或建筑) (1)Lay down your weapon and do as I say. (2)In evidence，all the judges listened carefully as Tom laid out his plan. (3)They agreed to lay aside their differences for the good of their families. (4)The boss was disheartened，because the factory had to lay off some workers for lack of funds. [写作佳句] (5)在中国生活时，我发现大多数中国人都会存一些钱以备不时之需。 When living in China，I found most Chinese people would lay aside some money for a rainy day. devote oneself to (doing) sth 献身于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事 (devote vt.献身；致力于，专心于 devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的 devotion n．奉献；忠诚；专心) ·devote...to (doing) sth 把……用在/献给(做)某事上 ·be devoted to (doing) sth 热衷于(做)某事 (1)Devoting himself to helping(help) people in need，the devoted(devote) volunteer worked day and night. (2)It was with some hard practice and devotion(devote) to golf that the young man won the competition. (3)I don’t think we should devote any more time to persuading(persuade) such a selfish man to lend a hand. [写作佳句] (4)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)总之，是时候我们该致力于海洋保护了。 In conclusion，it is high time that we devoted/should devote ourselves to/were devoted to/should be devoted to protecting the ocean. Ⅰ.一词多义 swallow A.v.忍受　B.n.燕子　C.v.吞下 1．She managed to swallow down the last loaf of bread. C 2．Gordon has swallowed the anger he feels. A 3．When the sun rose the next day，the swallow was ready to go. B digest A.n.摘要；文摘　B.vt.消化　C.vt.理解 4．My father paused，waiting for me to digest the information. C 5．It is his routine to read Global Magazine，a news digest every week. A 6．To be healthy，you should chew your food well before you swallow，and allow a little time for the food to digest. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.vt.捕食 2．The problem is currently taxing the brains of the nation’s experts.v.(使)伤脑筋 3．It disturbed him that the bank was unwilling to loan him that quantity of money. v.借出，贷给(尤指钱) 训练1　Vocabulary(A)　[分值：47.5分] Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题；每小题1分，共10分) 1．As a consequence of your laziness and rudeness，I am forced to lay you off. 2．In conclusion，if you have made a good friend，do cherish him or her. 3．This chapter is so difficult to digest(消化) that I shall have to read it again later. 4．Equipped with a good command of skills，he is considered as the most suitable candidate. 5．There is no evidence that when a dog or cat is eating grass in the front yard，it’s going to rain. 6．With no one to turn to，I swallowed(咽下) my pride and asked someone at the bus stop for help. 7．All the people present at the meeting decided to approve(同意) of the plans for a new tax policy. 8．Knowing that you have won the election(选举)，I’m writing to congratulate you sincerely. 9．Only if you devote yourself to your study will the high school experience be a memorable moment for you. 10．The conservationists’ commitment to protecting endangered animals from dying out has paid off. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．My parents live a simple life in order to lay aside enough money for my higher education. 2．It is known to us all that friendship means being committed(commit) to others. 3．Why not conclude your speech with that milestone event happening in your childhood？ 4．He devoted his life to protecting(protect) the wild animals，which impressed me deeply. 5．A severe flood struck the city and there was a consequent(consequence) shortage of food. 6．There is convincing evidence that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing. 7．His parents disapproved(approve) of his marriage，but he married the girl against his parents’ will. 8．As far as I am concerned，reaching adulthood means taking responsibility for what we are doing. 9．Having a good command of English，I am easily elected as an assistant to my English teacher. 10．It was inspiring that he overcame various/varied(vary) difficulties and finally achieved success through his own efforts. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) Like any other child growing up，Nicole LaMont was an outgoing，adventurous and free-spirited child with the dream of becoming a scientist.“My childhood was filled with imagination of adventure and curiosity，” Nicole said.She experienced a normal childhood，but when she was 12 years old，a terrible illness led her to lose her hearing in both ears. “My world was turned upside down，” said Nicole.“I went from being a talkative，joyous child to being quiet and depressed.” However，she came to realize she had to fight when it was determined that her hearing would not return.With her family’s help，Nicole began to learn American Sign Language(ASL)． A year later，she received an operation where she was implanted(植入) a hearing device，which brought back some light to her life and she also learned how to adapt to the new life.It wasn’t until she attended Gallaudet，a school for the deaf，that she fully devoted herself to ASL and the deaf community.“Becoming fluent in ASL and having total communication allowed me to feel a sense of acceptance again，” said Nicole.“I found my confidence and ‘visual(视觉的) voice’ in the performing arts.” It was then that she made her first request，demanding subtitles(字幕) for movie theatres in Alabama.After much struggle，Nicole’s efforts proved successful，and today nearly all movie theatres in Montgomery and Birmingham offer subtitles for the deaf.After graduating from Gallaudet University，Nicole continued to use her new found “visual voice” through taking part in several activities.“By doing this，I want to show that deaf people can achieve much.It’s very important to educate and support hearing families that struggle with making the best decisions for their deaf children’s education，” said Nicole. 语篇解读　本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了Nicole的励志故事，她在12岁时因生病而丧失听力，但是她没有气馁，而是学习手语，并致力于美国手语和聋人社区服务。 1．Which of the following best describes Nicole’s childhood? A．Fruitful. B．Colorful. C．Lonely. D．Poor. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘My childhood was filled with imagination of adventure and curiosity，’ Nicole said.”可知，Nicole的童年充满了冒险的想象力和好奇心，由此可推知，她的童年是丰富多彩的，故选B。 2．What did Nicole get after she mastered ASL? A．A sense of belonging. B．A hearing device. C．A chance of going to college. D．A totally new treatment. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Becoming fluent in ASL and having total communication allowed me to feel a sense of acceptance again”可知，Nicole掌握美国手语后收获了被接受的感觉，这是一种归属感。故选A。 3．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Nicole called on all US cinemas to offer subtitles. B．Nicole was going to donate her invention—visual voice. C．Nicole was determined to train more deaf kids to go to school. D．Nicole hoped to promote deaf education in hearing families. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’s very important to educate and support hearing families that struggle with making the best decisions for their deaf children’s education”可知，Nicole希望在听力正常的家庭中推广聋人教育。故选D。 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．More Self-control，More Success B．Keep Going，and You Can Make It C．Illness Makes One More Confident D．He Who Laughs Last Laughs Longest 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段可知，文章主要介绍了Nicole的励志故事，她在12岁时丧失听力，但是她没有气馁，而是学习手语，致力于美国手语和聋人社区服务，并取得了显著的成效。故选B。 Ⅳ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) When you were at school，were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate? It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. 1 However，understanding how to do it，and knowing what is distracting you can help. Scientists have looked at what makes us procrastinate(拖延) and found a number of ways to help us stay focused. 2 Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration，or a gentle background hum and coffee shop noise is great! It also found turning off reminders on your phone，or switching it off altogether，removes a major distraction and helps us focus on the task at hand. 3 Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to focus and have looked at what we can change inside our heads to make us concentrate.An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that “Attention Researcher Nilli Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.” 4 There are more practical tips toward keeping your mind focused.These include making a list or timetable of the tasks you have to do，finding a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things，or chewing some gum! It’s possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted. 5 “If we were always so focused that we never got distracted，we’d miss potential changes，such as threats，in our environment.Distraction is vital for survival，” according to Science Focus magazine. A．But distraction isn’t all bad. B．Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life. C．Therefore，keeping yourself busy might be one answer. D．Your ability to concentrate well affects how effective you are. E．Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. F．One obvious solution is to get rid of distracting noises or use “white noise”． G．Some people procrastinate because they worry that they won’t be able to complete tasks perfectly. 语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家研究发现的分心的原因以及如何集中注意力。 1．答案　B 解析　根据下文“However，understanding how to do it，and knowing what is distracting you can help.”可知，此处与上文形成转折关系，说明保持专注是有一定困难或挑战的。由此可知，B项能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 2．答案　F 解析　根据下文“Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration，or a gentle background hum and coffee shop noise is great! ”可知，此处讲的是安静或一些有益的噪声有利于集中注意力。由此可知，F项能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选F。 3．答案　E 解析　根据下文“Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to focus and have looked at what we can change inside our heads to make us concentrate.”可知，此处讲的是我们可以通过改变大脑内部的什么来使我们集中注意力。由此可知，E项能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选E。 4．答案　C 解析　根据上文“An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that ‘...leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.’”可知，此处讲的是让自己忙起来，大脑就无法处理分心的事情了。由此可知，C项能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选C。 5．答案　A 解析　根据下文“If we were always so focused that we never got distracted，we’d miss potential changes，such as threats，in our environment.Distraction is vital for survival.”可知，此处讲的是分心也有一定的好处。由此可知，A项能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选A。 训练2　Vocabulary(B)　[分值：35分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A At the airport，one of my partners greeted me with a broad smile.“Welcome to Cuba！” he exclaimed in perfect English，giving me a strong handshake and a hug.The next day，we drove to the research center where he worked.In the conference room，each of us gave a presentation about science and what we hoped to learn from the study of Cuban rivers. Then，we toured every lab in the building.I met scientists，technicians，secretaries，students，and the cook.Some spoke English，and others communicated with me in Spanish while my cooperator translated.I was introduced to each person in their center，and that was what I remembered most. Then we met again to brainstorm.Together，we studied maps carefully to plan how we were going to collect samples.Had it not been for the Cubans，I would have been unaware that the maps I had were outdated and wrong.They left out reservoirs，which was a problem because if we had sampled downstream of them，our results would have been misled. On the last night of the trip，we searched for a restaurant that could seat all 14 of us at one table because that’s what teams do—sitting together.When a restaurant couldn’t seat the team without splitting us up，my partners insisted that we move on and find another restaurant with a large enough table. In 26 years as a professor，I’ve always tried my best to treat my students as valued partners.I have never been a fan of the grade system in the academic world.I urge everyone working with me to feel as though they are part of a team.But my Cuban partners take teamwork to another level entirely.They make it clear—through actions，both big and small—that all team members are valued，that everyone is equal，and that true teamwork contributes to better science. I returned to the United States as a changed scientist.Now，I spend more time listening and making sure that everyone’s voice is heard. 语篇解读　本文属于记叙文。作者讲述了他在古巴与合作伙伴们一起进行研究的经历，这让作者明白，团队合作中，最重要的是平等对待每个人，倾听每个人的声音。 1．What impressed the author most when he visited the research center? A．He was led to see everyone. B．There were no many people there. C．Everybody gave a great presentation. D．The cooperator spoke perfect English. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“I was introduced to each person in their center，and that was what I remembered most.”可知，让作者印象最深的是，自己被介绍给了研究中心的每个人。故选A。 2．Why did the author’s partners refuse to eat at the first restaurant? A．Because they wanted a smaller one. B．Because they wanted to save money. C．Because they didn’t want a crowded one. D．Because they didn’t want to be separated. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“When a restaurant couldn’t seat the team without splitting us up，my partners insisted that we move on and find another restaurant with a large enough table.”可知，作者的搭档们拒绝在第一家餐馆吃饭，是因为他们不想团队被分开。故选D。 3．Which of the following does the author stress in the team? A．Honesty. B．Devotion. C．Cooperation spirit. D．Scientific theory. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I urge everyone working with me to feel as though they are part of a team.But my Cuban partners take teamwork to another level entirely.”可推知，作者在团队中强调合作精神。故选C。 4．What can we infer about the author from the text? A．He used to treat his students unfairly. B．He used to be misled by other scientists. C．He focuses on the opinions of the masses now. D．He speaks highly of the grade system in science now. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“I returned to the United States as a changed scientist.Now，I spend more time listening and making sure that everyone’s voice is heard.”可知，作者现在专注于每个人的意见。故选C。 B Keeping kids busy with various activities provides them with a well-rounded social life.Growing up，I knew many teenagers who were actively involved in both sports and student government.Those teenagers all ended up going to college and graduating.This may not be the situation in all cases，but from what I have noticed，teens who stay active and do good in the community are typically the ones who deal with anxiety and depression(抑郁) better. A 2015 study published by professor of biology Theodore Garland concluded，“If kids exercise regularly through the school years，they may be more likely to exercise as adults，which could have far-reaching positive effects on human health and well-being.Our results suggest that any positive effects of early-life exercise on adult exercise tendencies will require reinforcement(强化) and maintenance if they are to be long-lasting.” This study found that along with physical activity，having a spirit of adventure would also help improve children’s physical and mental health. Some parents disagree.They feel that pushing a child to stay active and involved causes unnecessary stress and can have the opposite effect，making him/her hate being involved or being active.Parents also fear their children will experience failure，which they believe could lead to low self-confidence. The key to helping the youth stay motivated is not pressuring them too hard.People who have strict parents typically rebel(反抗) or feel they will never be good enough.Keep in mind that encouraging the youth to be competitive isn’t the best thing.Some of the unhappiest people I have met are competitive.Positive reinforcement is the best way to keep people motivated. An active and involved youth will show personal qualities that will become useful in the future.Some of these include leadership，teamwork，a healthy lifestyle，educational benefits，respect and trust，which will lead to success in the future. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了让孩子们忙于各种各样的活动可以为他们提供一种全面的社交生活。帮助年轻人保持积极性的关键是不要给他们太大压力。 5．According to the author，what do we know about active teens? A．They get much better education. B．They concentrate more on self-improvement. C．They do well in both sports and management. D．They deal with some mental problems better than others. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“...teens who stay active and do good in the community are typically the ones who deal with anxiety and depression(抑郁) better.”可知，活跃的孩子能更好地应对心理问题，如焦虑和抑郁。故选D。 6．What did the study in 2015 imply? A．The positive effect of early-life exercise is not necessarily lasting. B．Physical activity helps children become more confident. C．Early-life exercise has positive effects on relationships. D．School life experience has a long-lasting influence. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Our results suggest that any positive effects of early-life exercise on adult exercise tendencies will require reinforcement(强化) and maintenance if they are to be long-lasting.”可知，早期的锻炼活动对于成年后的发展的积极影响需要强化和维护才能持久，即可推知，早期锻炼活动的积极影响未必会持久。故选A。 7．Why are some parents against teens’ being active? A．They believe it may take a lot of time. B．They think it is unnecessary to push kids. C．They are worried about the opposite effect. D．They are afraid it makes their children feel depressed. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“They feel that pushing a child to stay active and involved causes unnecessary stress and can have the opposite effect，making him/her hate being involved or being active.”可知，家长们担心强迫孩子保持活跃会达到相反的效果。故选C。 8．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The importance of trusting the youth. B．The key to keeping the youth motivated. C．The possible problem faced by the youth. D．The reasons for helping the youth stay positive. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段“The key to helping the youth stay motivated is not pressuring them too hard.People who have strict parents...”可知，该段主要讲了使年轻人保持积极性的关键所在。故选B。 Ⅱ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) Long ago in ancient China，there was a mythical figure 1. (know) as Shennong.Not only did Shennong bring agriculture and the use of herbal medicine to China，but he also invented 2. (agriculture) tools and techniques，and the Chinese calendar with its 24 solar terms. It is said that the home town of Shennong was a forest in Hubei Province，which today is called “Shennongjia”．This beautiful and diverse region covers 3. area of 3,253 square kilometers of north-west Hubei Province.It gives shelter to over 1,000 species of medicinal plants，many of 4. are rare and unique to Shennongjia.Here mountain slopes(山坡) 5. (cover) with trees and some of them grow up to 40 meters tall.In summer，pink and violet flowers lend splashes of color.These are some of 6. (it) most breathtaking landscapes.The magnificent Shennong Peak rises to 3,105 meters above sea level. Banbiyan is famous for its stone forest，as well as its bamboo forests and grasslands that flood with 7. (flower)．The stone forests of Fengjingya stand 8. a background of green mountains that reaches as far as the eye can see.When it rains，the tops of these mountains look like islands 9. (float) on a sea of clouds.Come to Shennongjia 10. (enjoy) its beauty and the legend. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神农架的美丽景色。 1．答案　known 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词形式，并且考查固定搭配：be known as“被称为……”，所以此处应用过去分词known作后置定语，修饰名词figure。故填known。 2．答案　agricultural 解析　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，agriculture的形容词形式是agricultural。故填agricultural。 3．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。此处考查固定搭配：an area of意为“一块……的面积”。故填an。 4．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是1,000 species of medicinal plants，指物，在从句中作of的宾语，应该用which引导。故填which。 5．答案　are covered 解析　考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少and前面的句子的谓语动词，所以cover作谓语，主语是mountain slopes，两者之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，且主语是复数。故填are covered。 6．答案　its 解析　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词landscapes，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。 7．答案　flowers　 解析　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，所以空处应填名词，flower“花朵”为可数名词，根据前文的forests and grasslands可知用复数形式。故填flowers。 8．答案　against 解析　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：stand against a background of意为“站在……的背景下”。故填against。 9．答案　floating 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，float用非谓语动词形式，空处修饰空前的islands且与islands构成主动关系，所以应该用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填floating。 10．答案　to enjoy 解析　考查非谓语动词。 根据句意，此处表目的，所以应该用不定式作状语。故填to enjoy。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $