Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义聚焦将来进行时与一般将来时的语法核心，通过旅行计划短文引导学生感知两种时态，系统讲解将来进行时的形式（肯定、否定、疑问）及用法（将来某时进行的动作、安排的事、推测、委婉语气），并对比辨析两者差异（如动作进行与将要发生、安排与临时决定等），辅以单句填空、语篇写作等练习，构建完整学习支架。 资料以真实语境短文激活语法感知，助力学生提升语言理解与表达能力，对比辨析环节培养分析比较的思维品质。多样化练习（语法填空、阅读理解、七选五）兼顾课中教学互动与课后自主巩固，帮助学生查漏补缺，有效发展自主学习能力。

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 Next week，I will be on my winter holiday.My whole family ①will fly to Beijing from Melbourne on Monday and arrive at 10：00 am.After lunch，through the whole afternoon we ②will be visiting the Summer Palace.The next morning，we ③will visit the Palace Museum and we ④will be walking and shopping along Wangfujing Street till the night.On Wednesday，we ⑤will go to visit the Great Wall.It ⑥will be a great experience for me to drive three hours among the mountains.Then we will go sightseeing in Shichahai and ⑦will be staying at the National Museum of China the whole afternoon.On Friday，we ⑧will make a trip to Zhangjiakou and on Saturday morning，we will go back to Beijing.Most excitingly，we ⑨will be watching Beijing Opera at the Mei Lanfang Theatre in the whole evening.Then on Sunday morning，we ⑩will have to return to Melbourne.I think we might be very tired but it may be absolutely worthwhile. [语法感知] 句②④⑦⑨是将来进行时，其结构为will be doing； 句①③⑤⑥⑧⑩是一般将来时，其结构为will do。 一、将来进行时的形式 肯定句：主语＋will/shall be＋doing... 否定句：主语＋will/shall not be＋doing... 一般疑问句：Will/Shall＋主语＋be＋doing...? The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs in July. 部长将在七月份就国际事务发表演讲。 They won’t be playing football on Sunday morning due to the closure of the venue. 由于场地关闭，周日早上他们不踢足球。 —Will you be remaining in the city? —Yes，I shall be. ——你将来会留在这个城市吗？ ——是的，我会。 二、将来进行时的用法 1．表示将来某一段时间内或者某一时刻正在进行的动作或者存在的状态，一般不带感情色彩。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 Don’t phone me between 8：00 and 9：00 tomorrow morning because I will be having classes then.明天上午8：00到9：00之间不要给我打电话，因为我那时在上课。 I will be taking an exam between 2：40 and 4：30 tomorrow afternoon，so I can’t go skating with you.我明天下午2：40到4：30之间要参加考试，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。 2．表示安排要做的事或预计会发生的事，多与表示将来的时间状语连用。 We will be attending a meeting this time tomorrow，so we are sorry that we will not be seeing you off at the airport. 明天这个时候我们在开会，所以很抱歉我们不能去机场送别你了。 My duties will be ending in July，and I will be returning to Shanghai. 我的工作会在七月结束，我将返回上海。 3．表示推测，will还有“大概”或“一定”的意思，即表示一种揣测或表示某种倾向或习惯性的动作。 He believes that when he walks out onto the stage to receive the award，his parents will be watching him and smiling at each other. 他相信，当他走上舞台领奖时，他的父母一定在看着他，彼此相视而笑。 When I get home，my husband will probably be watching TV. 当我到家时，我丈夫可能正在看电视。 4．表示婉转口气或有礼貌地询问、请求等。 Will you be waiting for me if I come back late with possible delays? 如果我因为可能的延误回来晚了，你会等我吗？ The little guy hugged me tightly and murmured，“When shall we be meeting again? I will miss you.” 小家伙紧紧地抱着我，喃喃道：“我们什么时候能再见面？我会想念你的。” 注意：在时间、条件等状语从句中，常用现在进行时代替将来进行时。 If Tom is doing his homework when you come back，don’t disturb him，please. 你回来时如果汤姆正在做作业，请不要打扰他。 疑难辨析 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 1．将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作，而一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作。 At 10 o’clock tomorrow，she will be staying in her office and writing a report for the manager. 明天10点钟，她将待在办公室，给经理写一份报告。 Tomorrow morning，she will stay in her office and write a report for the manager. 明天早上，她将待在办公室，给经理写一份报告。 2．将来进行时表示已有的安排，而一般将来时表示临时决定。 Doctor Wang will be giving another talk on this subject at the same time next week. 王博士将在下周的同一时间就这个话题再做一次演讲。(will be giving another talk表示将来的计划安排) —What time is it? —I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you. ——现在几点了？ ——我不知道。但稍等一下，我帮你看一下。(will check表示临时决定) 3．两者均可表示将来的动作，但用将来进行时语气更委婉。比较： You have spent so much time playing football，but when will you be finishing your homework? 你花了这么多时间踢足球，但你什么时候完成你的家庭作业呢？(委婉地商量) You have spent so much time playing football，but when will you finish your homework? 你花了这么多时间踢足球，但你什么时候完成你的家庭作业？(近似于要求和命令) 4．有时将来进行时只是单纯地谈未来情况，而一般将来时中的will含有“愿意”的意思。 Mary won’t be paying this bill because I insist that it be on me. 玛丽不会来付这笔账单，因为我坚持由我买单。(单纯地谈未来的情况) Mary won’t pay this bill，since she’s always been mean with money. 玛丽不会愿意付这笔钱的，因为她在花钱方面一向很吝啬。(表意愿) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The agreement will come(come) into force next spring. 2．She will go(go) to the zoo to see the lovely bear next week. 3．He will be wearing(wear) a dark green suit and a yellow tie tomorrow morning. 4．I will be having(have) a talk with him at five o’clock this afternoon. 5．Next Friday I will go to another concert.They will be playing(play) some music by Mozart at that time. Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法 (话题写作之暑期计划) Dear Tom， The summer holiday 1.is approaching/coming/drawing near(即将来临)．To enrich my life，I 2.shall/will participate in(将参加) a Dragon Boat Training Camp，which 3.will start on July 10 and last for 5 days(将在7月10日开始，并持续5天)． I 4.shall/will be enjoying an exciting sport(将在享受一个激动人心的运动) at that time.Meanwhile，I 5.shall/will be experiencing traditional Chinese culture(将在体验中华传统文化) in person. I am greatly convinced that I 6.shall/will have an unforgettable holiday(将有一个难忘的假期)． 7．What will you be doing(你将在做什么) during your coming summer holiday? Your early reply will be greatly appreciated. 训练3　Grammar and usage　[分值：70分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共7小题；每小题1.5分，共10.5分) 1．I shall/will be having(have) an English class at 8 a．m.tomorrow. 2．If I see the famous astronaut next week，I shall/will express(express) my admiration at the bottom of my heart. 3．At 2 o’clock tomorrow，I shall/will be flying(fly) to New York. 4．At this time tomorrow，he will be lying(lie) on the beach. 5．Tomorrow will be(be) a sunny day and I am going to visit the city museum together with my classmates. 6．I guess you will be writing(write) your essay when I arrive home. 7．The minister will be giving(give) a speech at this time the day after tomorrow. Ⅱ.完成句子(共6小题；每小题2分，共12分) 1．约翰兴奋地说道：“明天这个时候我们将正在卖爆米花。” John said excitedly，“We shall/will be selling popcorn at this time tomorrow.” 2．下周天将在报告厅举行英语演讲比赛。 An English speech competition will be held in the lecture hall next Sunday. 3．如果你努力，一年后你将被你的理想大学录取。 If you make great efforts，you will be admitted to your ideal university in one year. 4．下星期的这个时候，我们将在那个工厂劳动。 At this time next week we shall/will be working in that factory. 5．明天下午三点，我们将在开派对。 We’ll be having a party at three o’clock tomorrow afternoon. 6．他有空时将为那个组织起草一份文件。 When he is free，he will draft a document for that organization. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A A team of scientists recently published one of the most comprehensive efforts yet to understand just how much carbon great whales absorb from the ocean，and the value that presents in the fight against climate change. “Whales are large-bodied animals，and they live for a long time.Many of them migrate over vast distances，” said study leader Heibi Pearson，a marine biologist at the University of Alaska Southeast.“And so they have the potential to have these huge impacts on the ecosystem，including the carbon cycle.” In their most direct impact，whale bodies hold an enormous amount of carbon that would otherwise be in the ocean or atmosphere.Twelve great whale species hold an estimated 2 million tons of carbon in their bodies，the authors found. And that’s just the living members of the whale family.Another 62,000 tons of carbon is kept under the sea every year in the form of whale falls.When a whale dies in open water and sinks into the deep，a lifetime of collected carbon goes with it.It can take up to 1,000 years for water and elements at the bottom of the sea to cycle back up to the surface，which means that carbon is effectively sequestered for that long. In addition，whales’ waste facilitates the growth of organisms at the base of the marine food chain，promoting the growth of carbon-consuming life throughout the ecosystem. However，whale populations still haven’t recovered from the destructive effects of industrial whaling.Commercial hunting in the 19th and 20th centuries decreased the total mass of whales on the planet by 81%，according to the authors. “Whales alone are not going to solve climate change，but thinking about whales as playing a role in the carbon cycle can help motivate whale conservation，” said Andrew Pershing，a co-author of the study.“There are a lot of win-wins there，and I think that’s very true of a lot of natural climate solutions.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究揭露了鲸鱼在碳循环方面的价值。 1．How do whales influence the climate change? A．By storing carbon in their bodies. B．By speeding the carbon cycle. C．By absorbing carbon from the air. D．By consuming carbon on their migration. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“...whale bodies hold an enormous amount of carbon that would otherwise be in the ocean or atmosphere.”可知，鲸鱼影响气候的方式就是在身体中储存大量的碳，否则这些碳将会在海洋或大气中。故选A。 2．What does the underlined word “sequestered” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Employed. B．Trapped. C．Monitored. D．Measured. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“When a whale dies in open water and sinks into the deep...to cycle back up to the surface”可知，鲸鱼死亡时身体中的碳随鲸鱼一起沉入海底，需要长达1 000年才能循环回到海面，因此碳是被隔离在它的身体内，画线单词sequestered意为“隔离、储存”。故选B。 3．What can we learn about whales from the text? A．Their population has risen by 81%. B．Their waste contributes to the ecosystem. C．Whale hunting has been banned altogether. D．Their death will break the marine food chain. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，鲸鱼的粪便促进了整个生态系统中消耗碳的生命体的生长。故选B。 4．What is implied in Andrew Pershing’s words? A．We can rely on whales to change climate. B．Whale protection still has a long way to go. C．We’ll soon win the battle against climate change. D．Whale protection is beneficial to solving climate issues. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whales alone are not going to solve climate change，but thinking about whales as playing a role in the carbon cycle can help motivate whale conservation”可知，Andrew Pershing认为鲸鱼在碳循环中发挥作用，故鲸鱼保护有助于解决气候变化问题。故选D。 B Today’s workplaces are more multicultural than ever，and it’s normal to work with people from many different places and backgrounds.This has opened up many new opportunities—but it also creates some challenges. Cultural differences aren’t just about nationality，race or belief.Many of us work in multi-generational organizations，alongside younger or older colleagues who have cultural references，assumption and attitudes that are very different from our own.All of this means that we need to be better at understanding and operating in a wide variety of cultures.That’s where Cultural Intelligence，or also CQ，the ability to adapt to new cultural settings，comes in. People with high CQ aren’t experts in every kind of culture.Instead，they have the skills to go into new environments with confidence，and to make informed judgments based on observations and evidence. These people are good at understanding unfamiliar or ambiguous behaviour.They recognize shared influences among particular groups，and this allows them to identify the impact of a particular culture. However，they also know that cultural influences are complex and interconnected.And they’re aware that while culture is significant，factors such as business roles and individual personalities can have a powerful effect on behaviour，too. For example，let’s say you have a meeting with an Italian stockbroker(证券经纪人)．Does this person behave the way people do because they’re Italian，because they’re stockbrokers，or because they’re Italian stockbrokers? Or is it because they’re millennials，or introverts? It’s likely a combination of all of these elements(要素)，so aim to avoid making assumptions or generalizations based on any single aspect. Cultural knowledge doesn’t necessarily mean that you have to know every detail of a culture.It’s about knowing how that culture in general shapes people’s behaviours，values，and beliefs.When you understand that，individual “rules” of behaviour make much more sense. 5．Why do we need to have CQ? A．Because the Earth has become a global village. B．Because we work in multi-national organizations. C．Because we trade with people from all over the world. D．Because we work with people from different places and backgrounds. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，因为工作环境成为多文化融合的环境，我们与来自不同地方和背景的人合作，所以我们需要具备文化智能。故选D。 6．What can we learn from the passage? A．People with high CQ specialize in every kind of culture. B．People with high CQ can understand unfamiliar or uncertain behaviour. C．People with high CQ have an ability of dealing with different customers. D．People with high CQ think it is easy for them to adapt to new cultural settings. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段首句“These people are good at understanding unfamiliar or ambiguous behaviour.”可知，文化智能高的人能够理解不熟悉或不确定的行为。故选B。 7．Why does the author refer to an Italian stockbroker in paragraph 6? A．To show a special Italian man. B．To stress the importance of learning stocks. C．To prove complex cultural influences. D．To demonstrate the need of understanding others. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。第五段讲到文化的影响是复杂和相互关联的，而第六段是对第五段的举例说明，故第六段提到意大利证券经纪人是为了证明复杂的文化影响力。故选C。 8．What will be possibly discussed in the following paragraph? A．How to find the individual “rules” of behaviour. B．How to know every detail of an unfamiliar culture. C．How to work in a multicultural workplace. D．How to understand others in multicultural workplace. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段提到“When you understand that，individual ‘rules’ of behaviour make much more sense.”可推知，接下来可能要讨论“如何找到个人的行为‘规则’”。故选A。 Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Why Is Eating Colourful Food Good for You? Most of us are faced with the same choice numerous times a day: what to eat.Along with price，accessibility and preference，we’ll often use a food’s healthfulness to help us make a decision. 1 It’s widely accepted by researchers that we need a varied diet. 2 The proof may be in the Mediterranean diet，which contains a lot of fruit，vegetables and healthy fats such as extra virgin olive oil，and is frequently rated the healthiest diet by scientists. Eating lots of colours may lower your risk of missing out on all vital nutrients.“If we’re missing a colour of the rainbow，we may be missing a function of that food，” says Minich.This is because plant foods contain thousands of natural compounds，which have anti-inflammatory(抗炎的) benefits. 3 Blue and purple foods，including blueberries，have a high content of the plant anthocyanin(花青素)，which has been linked to lowering the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.Flavones(黄酮)，which gives foods a yellow colour，may reduce the risk of heart disease. A research fellow at Harvard T．H.Chan School of Public Health says eating a colourful diet can also help people avoid possible side effects of eating too much of one food.“ 4 For example，research has found that orange juice is associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline，but too much intake is associated with type 2 diabetes，” she says.Although，this is because of its sugar content，not flavones. Eating a rainbow diet may also be complex. 5 We could tie ourselves in knots.We also need to eat from other food groups to get all the nutrients we need，such as protein. A．Food is very complex. B．A varied diet is packed with different vegetables. C．It could be really tricky to get every colour every day. D．But how do we know we’re getting enough nutrients? E．Different coloured foods come with different benefits. F．However，is colour the best guide to getting all the nutrients? G．And one way to do this is by eating all the colours of the rainbow. 1．答案　D 解析　根据上文内容可知，接下来作者要介绍如何选择食物。选项D“但是，我们如何知道我们获取了足够的营养呢？”和上文意思一致。故选D。 2．答案　G 解析　根据上文“It’s widely accepted by researchers that we need a varied diet.”可知，这一段主要讲我们需要丰富多元的饮食。选项G“这么做的一个方法是通过吃彩虹颜色的食物”和上文意思一致。G项中的this指代上文中的a varied diet，而空后的proof也照应了G项提出的方案。故选G。 3．答案　E 解析　根据下文“Blue and purple foods...Flavones(黄酮)，which give foods a yellow colour，may reduce the risk of heart disease.”可知，本段列举了蓝色、紫色和黄色食物如何对人体有益的例子，故本段的主题句应该陈述不同颜色的食物对人体有不同的好处。选项E和下文意思一致。故选E。 4．答案　A 解析　根据下文“For example，research has found that orange juice is associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline，but too much intake is associated with type 2 diabetes”可知，研究发现，橙汁可以降低认知能力下降的风险，但是摄入太多会导致二型糖尿病。这说明我们不能用一个标准来衡量食物。选项A和下文意思一致。故选A。 5．答案　C 解析　根据上文“Eating a rainbow diet may also be complex.”和下文“We also need to eat from other food groups to get all the nutrients we need，such as protein.”可知，每天吃遍每一种颜色的食物也是很难办到的，而且要摄取其他食物中的营养。选项C和上下文意思一致。故选C。 Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) When she was just three years old，Alyssa Carson from the USA took an interest 1. the planet Mars.From that time on，her lifelong passion for and 2. (curious) about space began! Then，Alyssa 3. (start) to do all the things related to space! Alyssa’s goal is to help others understand the potential for human life in outer space.She also wants to be one of the first humans 4. (walk) on the planet Mars.She even imagines 5. (live) on Mars! And while doing so，Alyssa wants to inspire lots of other kids to learn more about space and science. She 6. (study) astrobiology(天体生物学) at the Florida Institute of Technology this time next year，which is the only program in the USA focusing on the potential for life on other planets.Whether you want to study the effects of space travel on humans，discover past or present life on Mars，7. help develop ways to sustain(维持) life on the moon，you will be prepared at the Florida Institute of Technology. Alyssa is an 8. (impress) example of a young person 9. focuses on her passion and becomes the best version of 10. (she)．Her example also inspires other kids to do the same. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了来自美国的Alyssa Carson三岁的时候就对火星产生了兴趣。从那时起，她对太空的热情和好奇开始了。然后，Alyssa开始做所有与太空有关的事情。作为榜样，她激励着其他孩子去做同样的事情。 1．答案　in 解析　考查介词。固定短语take an interest in“对……感兴趣”。故填in。 2．答案　curiosity 解析　考查名词。此处与passion是并列成分，作主语，应用名词curiosity “好奇心”，不可数名词。故填curiosity。 3．答案　started 解析　考查动词时态。根据Then可知，此处在陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填started。 4．答案　to walk 解析　考查非谓语动词。humans前面有序数词修饰，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to walk。 5．答案　living 解析　考查非谓语动词。固定搭配imagine doing sth “想象做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填living。 6．答案　will be studying 解析　考查动词时态。根据时间状语“this time next year”可知，应用将来进行时。故填will be studying。 7．答案　or 解析　考查连词。whether...or“不管……还是……”为固定结构。故填or。 8．答案　impressive 解析　考查形容词。此处修饰名词example，应用形容词impressive“令人印象深刻的”，作定语。故填impressive。 9．答案　who/that 解析　考查定语从句。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是person，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 10．答案　herself 解析　考查反身代词。此处表示“成为她自己最好的版本”，应用反身代词herself。故填herself。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $