Unit 3 Section Ⅳ Integrated skills（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义以“学生近视问题”为核心主题，构建“听-读-写”一体化学习支架，通过听力选择与精听填空训练理解近视现状及成因，衔接写作任务（专题文章与应用文）指导分析问题、提出建议的结构化表达，辅以阅读理解（科技类文本）和完形填空（励志故事）拓展语言运用场景。 该资料特色在于主题贴近学生生活，分层听力训练提升语言理解能力，写作模块提供审题谋篇、句式升级等步骤指导，培养逻辑思维与表达准确性（思维品质）。阅读选材涵盖AI科技、医疗创新等话题，拓宽文化视野；配套参考范文与答案解析，便于课后自学巩固，助力查漏补缺，整体设计兼顾课中技能训练与课后自主提升，有效发展语言能力与学习能力。

Section Ⅳ　Integrated skills Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式) Listen to the report on page 36 and choose the best answer. 1．What’s the current situation of students’ short-sightedness? A．The severity is increasing sharply. B．Students’ short-sightedness gets properly treated. C．Short-sightedness seldom causes severe outcomes. 答案　A 2．What do teachers and parents think of the high figures about the students suffering from short-sightedness? A．Concerned. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. 答案　A 3．What may be a key reason for short-sightedness? A．Using eyes improperly. B．Spending too much time outdoors. C．Inheriting from long-sighted parents. 答案　A Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练) Listen to the report on page 36 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear. Newscaster：Short-sightedness is a common problem among Chinese students.It refers to the inability to see objects at a distance clearly.These days more and more Chinese students 1.are affected by short-sightedness，increasingly at a younger age. According to a national survey of students’ health，the percentage of Chinese primary school students who suffer from short-sightedness is 2.thirty-six per cent.Among junior high school students，the number increases to seventy-one point six per cent，and as for senior high school students，eighty-one per cent of them need to wear glasses.These high figures worry both teachers and parents.Short-sightedness can 3.have a significant effect on students.It can make it inconvenient for them to play certain sports，such as basketball and swimming.In some cases，it may even give rise to other eye problems. What causes short-sightedness has not been fully understood.It is commonly believed that people whose parents are short-sighted are more likely to 4.suffer from the condition.However，how people use their eyes may be a key factor.Individuals who spend a large amount of time reading，working at a computer，focusing on a smartphone screen or doing other close work are at higher risk of developing short-sightedness.These activities become even more dangerous when coupled with poor lighting or bad reading habits such as reading in bed.5.Spending too little time outdoors can also cause the problem. Students with short-sightedness may look at things with their eyes partly shut or move closer to objects to see clearly.Sometimes they may complain of 6.tired eyes and headaches.These are all signs of short-sightedness. 1．What can’t be done for eye health? A．Getting rests regularly. B．Keeping too close to computer screens. C．Enhancing students’ awareness of eye protection. D．Improving school facilities to offer eye-friendly environment. 答案　B 2．Which can best describe No.9 High School? A．Brave. B．Generous. C．Responsible. D．Hard-working. 答案　C 本单元的写作任务是写一篇关于近视的专题文章。该类文章一般要对人物、事件、经历或者观点作集中的刻画，不仅要摆出事实，还要增补细节、背景知识和作评论，其真正魅力在于个人对话题的感知和从特定角度表达的观点。 1．开头部分常用表达： A recent survey has revealed that... 最近的一项调查显示…… Recently，the netizens have had a heated discussion/debate on... 最近，网民们就……进行了一场激烈的讨论。 The phenomenon that...has attracted great attention from... ……的现象吸引了……的很大关注。 2．主体部分常用表达： Due to/Because of/As a result of...，short-sightedness has become a serious problem. 因为……，近视成了一个严重的问题。 As a result/Consequently，more and more students... 结果，越来越多的学生…… Because...，students...因为……，学生…… Such problems arise out of/arise from/are caused by... 这样的问题是由……引起的。 3．结尾部分常用表达： The situation could be improved if... 如果……，这种情况会得到改善。 An effective way to...is... 一个……的有效方法是…… It is my belief that...我相信…… I am looking forward to...我希望…… 最近的调查显示，大约80%的高中生有视力方面的问题。为引起广大青少年的重视，某英语报刊正在开展以“Saving Eyesight”为题的征文活动。请写一篇短文投稿，分析造成青少年近视的原因并提出保护视力的可行建议。 第一步　审题谋篇 审题 写作要求是写关于青少年近视的文章，写作时应注意下列几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇投稿作文。 2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3．主体人称：人称应该以第一、三人称为主。 谋篇 本文可以分为三个部分： 第一部分：介绍青少年近视的现状。 第二部分：分析造成近视的原因。 第三部分：提出保护视力的可行建议。 第二步　遣词造句 核心词汇(含本单元词汇) 1．最近的一项调查a recent survey 2．毫无疑问without doubt 3．视力不好have poor eyesight 4．定期的休息regular breaks 5．盯着…… focus on... 6．做眼保健操do eye exercises 7．去户外go outdoors 8．对……有不良影响 have a bad effect on/upon 9．调整adjust/make an adjustment to 连词成句(含本单元句型) 1．最近的一项调查显示，大约80%的高中生视力不佳，这对他们的日常生活产生了不良影响。 A recent survey has revealed that about 80% of high school students have poor eyesight，which has a bad effect on them in their daily life. 2．我们花费大量时间读或写。 We spend a large amount of time (in) reading or writing. 3．这无疑让我们的眼睛很难得到定期的休息。 It，without doubt，makes it hard for our eyes to get regular breaks. 4．由于一些学生有不良的阅读习惯，比如躺在床上阅读或长时间盯着手机屏幕，他们绝对不会有好的视力。 As some students have bad reading habits like reading in bed or focusing on the phone screen for too long，they will by no means have good eye sight. 5．这里有一些关于如何正确使用眼睛的建议。 Here are some suggestions on how to use our eyes properly. 6．如果你能调整你以前的学习习惯，那将是一个好主意，最好在学习的中途休息一下。 It would be a good idea if you could adjust your former learning habits and you’d better have a rest in the middle of your study. 7．看绿树或做眼保健操会有帮助。 Seeing green trees or doing eye exercises can help. 第三步　句式升级 1．用定语从句把句2和句3合成一句。 We spend a large amount of time (in) reading or writing，which，without doubt，makes it hard for our eyes to get regular breaks. 2．用倒装句升级句4。 As some students have bad reading habits like reading in bed or focusing on the phone screen for too long，by no means will they have good eye sight. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 A recent survey has revealed that about 80% of high school students have poor eyesight，which has a bad effect on them in their daily life. There are various reasons.We spend a large amount of time (in) reading or writing，which，without doubt，makes it hard for our eyes to get regular breaks.Additionally，as some students have bad reading habits like reading in bed or focusing on the phone screen for too long，by no means will they have good eye sight. Here are some suggestions on how to use our eyes properly.First of all，it would be a good idea if you could adjust your former learning habits and you’d better have a rest in the middle of your study.What’s more，seeing green trees or doing eye exercises can help.Last but not least，it will also be beneficial if we go outdoors to enjoy ourselves in the sun. 训练4　Integrated skills　[分值：50分] Ⅰ.应用文写作(共15分) 假定你是李华，你的英国好友Tony正在就全球高中生近视情况做调查，其中需要收集中国一个班级的相关信息，故来信请你提供帮助。请按以下要点给他写封回信，要点提示： 1．你班近视现状； 2．原因； 3．你的看法。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tony， Yours sincerely， Li Hua 参考范文 Dear Tony， Knowing that you are conducting a survey on the short-sightedness of senior high students around the world，I’d like to write about that of my class. We are confronted with a sharp rise of short-sightedness rate.My class consists of 40 students,38 of whom are getting short-sighted.In terms of the reasons，we always study from dawn to dusk，overusing eyes to read or write.In addition，electronic products like computers and cellphones also make a difference. The current situation reflects the common reality of a sharp rise of short-sightedness rate in China and the world.It’s high time that the eyesight of students urgently needed concerning. I hope what I share is of use for your survey! Yours sincerely， Li Hua Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A An artificial intelligence can decode(解码) words and sentences from brain activity with surprising accuracy.Using only a few seconds of brain activity data，the AI guesses what a person has heard.It lists the correct answer in its top 10 possibilities，researchers found in a primary study. Developed at the parent company of Facebook，Meta，the AI could eventually be used to help thousands of people around the world who are unable to communicate through speech，typing or gestures. Most existing technologies to help such patients communicate require risky brain surgeries to put in electrodes(电极)．This new approach “could provide a possible path to help patients with communication problems，avoiding the use of surgeries，” says neuroscientist Jean-Rémi King，a Meta AI researcher. King and his colleagues trained a computational tool，also known as a language model，to detect words and sentences on 56,000 hours of speech recordings from 53 languages.The team applied an AI with this language model to databases from four institutions that included brain activity from 169 volunteers.In these databases，participants listened to various stories and sentences，while the people’s brains were scanned by magnetoencephalography (MEG)(脑磁图)． Then with the help of a computational method that helps account for physical differences among actual brains，the team tried to decode what participants had heard using just three seconds of brain activity data from each person.The team instructed the AI to match up the speech sounds from the story recordings with patterns of brain activity that the AI computed as corresponding to what people were hearing.It then made predictions about what the person might have been hearing during that short time，given more than 1,000 possibilities.Using MEG，the correct answer was in the AI’s top 10 guesses，the researchers found. “The new study is decoding of speech recognition，not production，” King notes.“Though speech production is the final goal，for now，we’re quite a long way away.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究指出人工智能可以以惊人的准确性从大脑活动中解码语音，最终可以帮助世界各地成千上万无法通过语音、打字或手势进行交流的人。 1．What is the main advantage of the new technology? A．Helping doctors perform brain surgeries to put in electrodes. B．Freeing patients from risky brain operations. C．Providing a path to communicate with others. D．Helping patients with communication problems. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，这种新方法的主要优势是可以为有交流问题的病人提供帮助，而不需要借助高风险的脑部手术。故选B。 2．What does the AI require to make its prediction? A．Top ten guesses. B．Speech production. C．Patterns of brain activity. D．Volunteers with disability. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The team instructed the AI to match up the speech sounds from the story...with patterns of brain activity...given more than 1,000 possibilities.”可知，人工智能需要利用大脑活动模式来做预测。故选C。 3．What does Jean-Rémi King think of the new study? A．Disappointing. B．Promising. C．Surprising. D．Exciting. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，Jean-Rémi King认为这项新的研究距离解码言语生成的最终目标还有很长的路要走，因此有前景，故选B。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A New Way to Decode Speech B．The Application of MEG Technology C．A New Study on Artificial Intelligence D．A Solution to Communication Problems 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段可知，本文主要讲的是一种人工智能可以以惊人的准确性从大脑活动中解码语音，因此A选项“一种解码语音的新方法”最适合作本文标题，故选A。 B A new electronic bandage(绷带) uses flashes of light to kill bacteria.No antibiotics(抗生素) needed.The bandage has small LED bulbs that produce a type of high-energy light called ultraviolet-C (UVC) when it is put into use.UVC light is often used by doctors and dentists to sterilize(消毒) medical equipment.However，using UVC to sterilize wounds has been a challenge because it requires a source of energy.Typically，these bandages needed heavy batteries，but the new bandage is powered by wireless technology，without the need for heavy batteries.This allows the bandage to be more comfortable and flexible to wear and results in fewer used batteries in the trash. The electricity for the bandage comes from a “powering coil(线圈)”，which is a piece of fabric with copper wires in it.It is similar to how electric toothbrushes get their energy when placed in their charging cradles，according to Stephen Beeby，who led the team that created the bandage. While the team didn’t invent wireless power or light-emitting bandages，they are the first to combine these technologies to create a UV antibacterial system that operates entirely wirelessly，as explained by Mahmoud Wagih，a co-worker of Beeby.The bandage may not look novel from the outside，but inside it contains a flexible strip with tiny LED electronics that emit the UV light.When applied，the bandage periodically flashes UV light onto the wound’s surface to effectively remove hidden bacteria. Amirhossein Hajiaghajani，a wireless power researcher，sees potential in this bandage but notes some challenge for its widespread use.The bandage needs to be within a certain range of its wireless energy source，the powering coil，which is currently about 20 to 30 centimeters.Hajiaghajani believes that this range is limited and suggests that expanding it will be a key focus for future development. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型电子绷带，它可以通过产生紫外线为伤口消毒。 5．What does the new electronic bandage do to sterilize wounds? A．Give off heat. B．Apply antibiotics. C．Produce UVC light. D．Rely on heavy batteries. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The bandage has small LED bulbs...using UVC to sterilize wounds has been a challenge because it requires a source of energy.”可知，新型电子绷带通过产生紫外线为伤口消毒。故选C。 6．How is the working principle of the bandage explained in paragraph 3? A．By giving an example. B．By drawing a comparison. C．By providing an argument. D．By describing a process. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“When applied，the bandage periodically flashes UV light onto the wound’s surface to effectively remove hidden bacteria.”可推知，第三段通过描述杀菌过程来解释绷带的工作原理。故选D。 7．What is a unique achievement of Beeby and his team? A．Inventing wireless power. B．Creating light-emitting bandages. C．Making a bandage novel both inside and out. D．Pioneering a wireless UV antibacterial bandage. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“While the team...first to combine these technologies to create a UV antibacterial system that operates entirely wirelessly”可知，Beeby和他的团队独特的成就是首创无线UV抗菌绷带。故选D。 8．What does Hajiaghajani say about the widespread use of the bandage? A．It faces a challenge. B．It proves beneficial. C．It is highly unlikely. D．It raises deep concerns. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Amirhossein Hajiaghajani，a wireless power researcher，sees potential in this bandage but notes some challenge for its widespread use.”可知，绷带的广泛应用面临着挑战。故选A。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分) Jacky Hunt-Broersma,46，completed 104 marathons in 104 days，breaking the world record for most consecutive marathons.She set her goal in January and 1 about five hours to complete each run. She is grateful because running has given her the 2 she was afraid she would never regain.In 2002，doctors 3 that she had a rare type of bone cancer.Within two weeks，they amputated(截断) her left leg to save her life.For the first couple of years，Jacky 4 with the change in her life.She was 5 to be different.She wore long trousers in public so that people would not notice her 6 leg. Five years ago，she 7 to do some running with the help of her husband. 8 ，she runs on a prosthetic(假体的) leg made out of strong，light 9 known as carbon fiber，which are costly for her.But her 10 is worth it.“Running has really changed my life.It has made such a 11 to my mental state and shown me how 12 my body can be.It has given me a total new 13 of who I am.I fall in love with the process of pushing my body further to see what I can do，” she said. “The best thing is the support I’ve received from people who’ve 14 ，telling me how this has inspired them to 15 themselves in turn，” she said.“I am determined to keep going.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了因患骨癌而被截去左腿的46岁的Jacky Hunt-Broersma在尝试借助假肢跑步后，找回了自信并爱上了这项运动，在104天内完成了104次马拉松比赛，打破了连续跑马拉松最多的世界纪录的经历。 1．A.totaled B．wasted C．averaged D．saved 答案　C 解析　根据上文“completed 104 marathons in 104 days”和下文“five hours to complete each run”可知，此处指她每场比赛平均需要跑5个小时。故选C。 2．A.relief B．anxiety C．confidence D．trust 答案　C 解析　根据下文“It has made such a to my mental state and shown me how my body can be.It has given me a total new of who I am.”可知，跑步使Jacky看到了自己的能力，对自己有了全新的认知，重新获得了信心。故选C。 3．A.described B．announced C．complained D．explained 答案　B 解析　根据“doctors”和句意可知，医生们诊断后，宣布了她的疾病。故选B。 4．A.negotiated B．struggled C．grew D．dealt 答案　B 解析　根据后文“She wore long trousers in public so that people would not notice her leg.”可知，她竭力想掩饰自己的状况，可推知在最初的几年，她艰难地生活。故选B。 5．A.innocent B．embarrassed C．born D．courageous 答案　B 解析　根据下文“She wore long trousers in public so that people would not notice her leg.”可知，她穿长裤掩盖自己的腿，是因为她不愿让别人看到她的不同，她感到很窘迫。故选B。 6．A.artificial B．ugly C．muscular D．practical 答案　A 解析　根据下文“she runs on a prosthetic(假体的) leg made out of strong，light known as carbon fiber”可知，她在截肢后安装了人造的假肢。故选A。 7．A.applied B．attempted C．happened D．pretended 答案　B 解析　根据上文她掩饰假腿和下文“ ，she runs on a prosthetic(假体的) leg made out of strong，light known as carbon fiber”可推知，她是开始尝试着跑步。故选B。 8．A.Currently B．Temporarily C．Immediately D．Fortunately 答案　A 解析　根据句中谓语动词“runs”可知，该句用了一般现在时，应该是指目前的情况。故选A。 9．A.instruments B．shoes C．materials D．trousers 答案　C 解析　根据句中“made out of”和“carbon fiber”可知，碳纤维是一种材料，可用来制作假肢。故选C。 10．A.investment B．judgement C．achievement D．development 答案　A 解析　根据上一句中的“which are costly for her”可知，假肢花了她很大一笔钱，对她来说是一笔不小的投资。故选A。 11．A.comparison B．commitment C．preference D．difference 答案　D 解析　根据上一句“Running has really changed my life.”和下文的“I fall in love with the process of pushing my body further to see what I can do”可知，跑步改变了Jacky的生活，她也因跑步激发了她身体的潜能而爱上了这项运动，可见跑步对她的精神状态产生了巨大的影响。故选D。 12．A.strong B．important C．slim D．unique 答案　A 解析　根据前文“Jacky Hunt-Broersma,46，completed 104 marathons in 104 days，breaking the world record for most consecutive marathons.”和下文的“I fall in love with the process of pushing my body further to see what I can do”可知，Jacky在马拉松比赛中取得了卓越的成绩，跑步让Jacky看到了自己身体的潜能，看到了自己身体可以有多么的强壮。故选A。 13．A.expression B．translation C．acceptance D．discussion 答案　C 解析　根据上一句中的“and shown me how my body can be”和下一句“I fall in love with the process of pushing my body further to see what I can do”及本句中的“who I am”可知，Jacky通过跑步看到了自己的身体有多么的强壮，能够做到什么，从而对自己有了一个全新的认识，接受并认可现在的自己。故选C。 14．A.held on B．taken off C．shown up D．reached out 答案　D 解析　根据句中“the support”可知，这里是指曾经支持帮助过Jacky，向她伸出援手的人们。故选D。 15．A.enjoy B．push C．cure D．serve 答案　B 解析　根据句中的“inspired them”和“in turn”可知，Jacky对跑步的热爱和坚持激励了帮助她的人们，反过来也激励、推动他们不断地努力前行。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $