Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（译林版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦基因组编辑主题的阅读理解与语言运用，通过速读（整体文意、篇章结构）、细读（细节题）、读后（语法填空、句子分析及重点词块默写）的递进设计，构建“输入-理解-输出”学习支架，涵盖阅读策略、核心词汇及语法点（如as作连词、含蓄虚拟条件句），配套篇章结构示意图辅助理解。 资料特色在于分步骤阅读训练培养思维品质（分析、推断），语法填空与课文佳句仿写结合主题语境提升语言能力，练习题（阅读理解、完形填空）强化学习能力。课中助力教师分层引导阅读与语言知识整合，课后通过词块积累、语法练习帮助学生查漏补缺，体现“主题引领+技能递进”的学科教学方法。

Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．The problem of genome editing. B．The fast development of genome editing. C．The greatest inventions in the history of science. D．The new possibilities that gene research can bring. 答案　D Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 What is the structure of the passage？(P＝paragraph) 答案　A Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What do people want genome editing to be used for? ①Restoring the eyesight of the blind. ②Correcting abnormal genes. ③Making weapons. ④Giving a deaf person an excellent sense of hearing. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 答案　C 2．What does the phrase “designer babies” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．It refers to babies that have developed from embryos(胚胎) with certain desired characteristics. B．It refers to babies that have been developed by scientists in the laboratories. C．It refers to babies that have been designed by geneticists in the laboratories. D．It refers to babies that have been selected by their picky parents. 答案　A 3．Which of the following can be used to describe genome editing? A．Useful but impossible. B．Exciting but unnecessary. C．Innovative but unrealistic. D．Promising but dangerous. 答案　D 4．Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards genome editing? A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. 答案　C Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 As we all know，genes play a crucial role in shaping our lives.It helps determine how long we live and 1.affects(affect) our chances of contracting certain diseases.Geneticists believe genome editing is an effective means 2.of treating and preventing diseases.In the near future，they hope to use the technology to treat 3.a wide range of health problems.It could be used to restore a blind person’s sight or to bring excellent hearing to the people 4.who/that were born deaf.5.Ultimately(ultimate)，the new technology may even prevent the development of diseases by correcting 6.abnormal(normal) genes.We will be able to use genome editing to increase the human 7.resistance(resist) to colds and flus，to make people taller，to help their muscles develop faster，to sharpen all of their senses，or to make them more intelligent.However，we must find ways to prohibit the technology from running wild，which means 8.putting(put)appropriate controls in place to ensure that genome editing will work to our advantage. There is still much 9.to be explored(explore) on genome editing.10.Without doubt，genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share(share) my excitement with you today.(P30，Para.1) 结构分析：此句是and连接的并列复合句。and前的分句中this scientific advance can bring是定语从句，修饰先行词possibilities，从句省略了关系代词that/which。 汉语翻译：我对这项科学进展带来的可能性充满了兴奋，今天我希望能和大家分享我的兴奋。 2．As many of you may already know，genes play a critical role in shaping(shape) our lives.(P30，Para.2) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”。 汉语翻译：正如你们中的许多人可能已经知道的，基因在塑造我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。 3．Our own personal(person) genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop.(P30，Para.2) 结构分析：此句是简单句。needed to make us grow and develop为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词information。 汉语翻译：我们自己个人的基因组携带着使我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。 4．It also contains(contain) information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases(disease)．(P30，Para.2) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词information。 汉语翻译：它(基因组)还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。 5．Some people，for example，carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch(catch) a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer.(P30，Para.2) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a gene。 汉语翻译：例如，有些人携带的某个基因会使他们更容易感染某种病毒或患上某种癌症。 6．Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases，as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention(prevent)．(P30，Para.3) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。which引导宾语从句，意为“哪一个”，as引导原因状语从句。 汉语翻译：遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。 7．It allows geneticists to make(make) changes to the genome by correcting，adding，deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material.(P30，Para.3) 结构分析：此句是简单句。correcting，adding，deleting和replacing是四个动词-ing形式作介词by的宾语。 汉语翻译：它允许遗传学家通过修正、添加、删除或替换遗传物质的特定部分改变基因组。 8．Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore(restore) a blind person’s vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.(P31，Para.3) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词someone。 汉语翻译：也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。 9．Genome editing，serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases，will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.(P31，Para.3) 结构分析：此句是简单句。serving as...diseases为动词-ing形式短语作定语，修饰名词短语Genome editing。 汉语翻译：基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的一种新武器，将使我们的医疗保健方式发生根本性的变化。 10．One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance(resist) to colds and flus，to make people taller，to help their muscles develop faster，to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent(intelligent)．(P31，Para.4) 结构分析：此句是简单句。to increase...，to make...，to help...，to sharpen...和to make...是五个并列的动词不定式短语作目的状语。 汉语翻译：不久的将来，我们将能够利用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力，使人长得更高，帮助他们的肌肉更快地发育，使他们所有的感官更加敏锐，或者使他们更聪明。 11．We will also be able to select specific characteristics(characteristic) for children before they are born，creating what some have called “designer babies”．(P31，Para.4) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。before they are born是before引导的时间状语从句；creating ...“designer babies”为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语；what引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：我们也将能够在孩子出生前为他们选择特定的特征，制造出一些人所称的“设计婴儿”。 12．This means putting(put) appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage.(P31，Para.4) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。to make sure是不定式短语作目的状语；that引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：这意味着适当的管制要准备到位，以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。 13．There is still much to be explored and debated on/over/about the subject of genome editing.(P31，Para.5) 结构分析：此句是简单句。to be explored ...editing为动词不定式短语作定语，修饰代词much。 汉语翻译：关于基因组编辑这一课题，仍有许多有待探索和争论的地方。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 as作连词 As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately.(P31，Para.4) 然而，随着基因组编辑技术不断迅速发展，如何恰当地利用这项技术成了问题。 结构分析：此句是复合句。As引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”，多强调主从句动作或状态同时发生或存在；主句中“how to use”是“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，作介词about的宾语。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————as作为连词除了引导时间状语从句，还有以下用法： ·as表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句，与 because相似。 ·as表示“按照；以……方式；像……一样；正如”，引导方式状语从句。 ·as表示“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句，但必须构成倒装。 ·as引导比较状语从句，其基本结构是as...as...。 ·as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如；正像”，常用于以下固定搭配： as is often the case(这是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料)；as is known to all/as we all know(众所周知)；as is mentioned above(如上所述)等。 注意：as也可作介词，用法和语义较单一，表示“作为；像”。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)俗话说：“入乡随俗。” As an old saying goes，“When in Rome，do as the Romans do.” (2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)尽管我既焦虑又担心，但我最终还是选择了参加写作比赛。因为我敬爱的老师不断指导和鼓励我，我创作了一篇完美的文章，我的脸上洋溢着兴奋的笑容。 Anxious and concerned as I was，I finally chose to take part in the writing contest.As my beloved teacher constantly guided and encouraged me，I created a perfect article and my face beamed with excitement. (3)(读后续写之升华句)随着时间的流逝，我开始意识到，每一个小小的善举都会对他人产生影响。 As time went by，I came to realize that every small act of kindness makes a difference to others. (4)(应用文写作之求助信)作为一名交换生，我在学习英语方面有一些困难，所以请给我一些建议。 As an exchange student，I have some difficulty in studying English，so please offer me some proposals. 含蓄虚拟条件句 Without them，genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.(P31，Para.4) 如果没有恰当的管制措施，基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。 结构分析：此句是简单句。Without them是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句；句子主干使用了虚拟语气。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————当without表示“如果没有”，谈论的是一种与事实相反的假设时，句子要用虚拟语气，此时它与but for的用法相同。without部分相当于一个条件状语从句，句子的时态根据具体语境确定，一般遵循虚拟语气的时态规则： ·与过去事实相反，句子使用“would/could/might/should have done”。 ·与现在或将来事实相反，句子使用“would/could/might/should do”。 ·有类似用法的还有：with，otherwise/or(否则)，but for(要不是)等。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)没有您的科学指导和慷慨帮助，我不会在写作比赛中获得一等奖。 Without your scientific guidance and generous assistance，I wouldn’t have won first prize in the writing competition. (2)如果没有我们的共同努力，我们不可能在这么短的时间内建成一个绿色校园。 But for our joint efforts，we wouldn’t have built a green campus in such a short time. (3)我已经为比赛做了充分的准备，否则我现在会陷入困境。 I have made full preparations for the competition，otherwise/or I would be trapped in difficulty now. 课文重点词块默写 1．在……过程中over the course of 2．与……分享…… share...with... 3．在……中发挥关键作用play a critical role in 4．取决于depend on 5．感染某些疾病contract certain diseases 6．涉及，与……相关 relate to 7．一种……的有效方式an effective means of 8．对……做出改变make changes to 9．多种的，广泛的a wide range of 10．良好的听觉an excellent sense of hearing 11．在与疾病的斗争中in the fight against diseases 12．以快速的速度at a fast pace 13．阻止……做某事prevent/prohibit/keep...from doing sth 14．理解，弄清；想出；计算出figure out 15．(事物)肆意发展；(尤指小孩)肆意妄为，失去控制run wild 16．确保，设法保证；弄清楚make sure 17．对某人有利work to one’s advantage 18．失去控制out of control 19．在……的历史上 in the history of 训练2　Welcome to the unit & Reading　[分值：53分] Ⅰ.完成句子(课文佳句仿写)(共18分) (应用文写作——基因组编辑) 1．在你的上一封信中，你要求提供与“基因组编辑”有关的信息，我想与你分享一些。(relate) In your last letter，you asked for information relating to/related to/in relation to “genome editing”，so I would like to share some with you. 2．基因组编辑被认为是一项颠覆性的技术，影响疾病治疗。(affect) Genome editing is considered as a game-changing technology，affecting/which affects disease treatments. 3．恢复盲人的视力或纠正异常基因可以通过基因组编辑来完成。(by means of) Restoring a blind person’s vision or correcting abnormal genes can be done by means of genome editing. 4．尽管基因组编辑是有益的，但它也会引起一些道德问题。(as引起的倒装句) Beneficial as genome editing is，some moral issues will arise from it. 5．因此，必须禁止科学家们利用基因组编辑创造“设计婴儿”。(prohibit) Therefore，scientists must be prohibited from using genome editing to create “designer babies”． 6．综上所述，应该对如何发展基因组编辑设置一些限制。(特殊疑问词＋to do) To sum up，some restrictions should be placed on how to develop genome editing. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Dear Jack， How is everything going? In your last letter，you asked for information relating to/related to/in relation to “genome editing”，so I would like to share some with you. On the one hand，genome editing is considered as a game-changing technology，affecting/which affects disease treatments.For example，restoring a blind person’s vision or correcting abnormal genes can be done by means of genome editing.On the other hand，beneficial as genome editing is，some moral issues will arise from it.Therefore，scientists must be prohibited from using genome editing to create “designer babies”．To sum up，some restrictions should be placed on how to develop genome editing. I sincerely hope that the above information can be of great help to you.Looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A The word “syringe(注射器)” comes from the Greek word syrinx，meaning “tube”． The first syringe was used in Roman times during the 1st century.It was mentioned in a journal called De Medicina as being used to treat diseases.Then，in the 9th century，an Egyptian surgeon created a syringe using a glass tube. In 1650 Blaise Pascal invented a syringe as an application of fluid mechanics that is now called Pascal’s law.He used it for testing his theory about pressure. An Irish physician named Francis Rynd made the first recorded subcutaneous injection(皮下注射) in 1844.Then shortly thereafter in 1853 Charles Pravaz and Alexander Wood developed a medical syringe with a needle fine enough to give an injection under the skin and treat nerve conditions. In 1899 Letitia Mumford Geer of New York was issued with a patent for a syringe design that permitted the user to operate it one-handed.However，things got more interesting and advanced in 1946 when Chance Brothers in England produced the first all-glass syringe with an interchangeable barrel and plunger(筒和活塞)．This was revolutionary because it allowed the mass-sterilization(大规模消毒) of the different components without needing to match up the individual parts. Shortly thereafter Australian inventor Charles Rothauser created the world’s first plastic disposable(一次性的) syringe at his Adelaide factory in 1949.However，because the plastic used by Rothauser softened with heat，the syringes had to be chemically dealt with before packaging，which made them expensive.Two years later he improved syringes that can be dealt with by heat.Millions were made for Australian and export markets. Then in 1956 a New Zealand inventor Colin Murdoch was issued with patents for a disposable plastic syringe.It was closely followed by the Plastipak—a plastic disposable syringe introduced by Becton Dickinson in 1961.In 1974 African American inventor Phil Brooks received a US patent for a “Disposable Syringe”． These days syringes are used，not only in the medical and health industry，but in various other areas too. 1．What happened before 1853? A．Pascal’s law was tested in practice. B．An Egyptian surgeon created the first syringe. C．De Medicina introduced a syringe using a glass tube. D．Charles Pravaz used a syringe to treat nerve conditions. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1650 Blaise Pascal invented a syringe as an application of fluid mechanics that is now called Pascal’s law.He used it for testing his theory about pressure.”可知，1853年之前Blaise Pascal发明了注射器，且利用它测试了他的理论，即帕斯卡定律得到了验证。故选A。 2．What can be learned about the patents for the syringe? A．An all-glass syringe was patented in 1844. B．A one-handed syringe was patented in 1899. C．A US patent for a “Disposable Syringe” was issued in 1961. D．A disposable plastic syringe was first patented in 1974. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“In 1899 Letitia Mumford Geer of New York was issued with a patent for a syringe design that permitted the user to operate it one-handed.”可知，1899年单手操作的注射器获得专利。故选B。 3．Who made the syringe mass-produced in Australia? A．Francis Rynd. B．Alexander Wood. C．Chance Brothers. D．Charles Rothauser. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段“...Two years later he improved syringes that can be dealt with by heat.Millions were made for Australian and export markets.”可知，Rothauser改进了注射器，使其得以在澳大利亚大规模生产。故选D。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The History of the Syringe B．The Significance of the Syringe C．The Characteristics of the Syringe D．The Classification of the Syringe 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据第二段第一句“The first syringe was used in Roman times during the 1st century.”以及下面各段落出现的时间顺序可知，本文主要介绍了注射器的发展历史。故选A。 B New DNA Repair-kit Successfully Fixes Hereditary(遗传性的) Disease in Cells Genetic mutations(突变) which cause a weakening hereditary kidney disease affecting children and young adults have been fixed in kidney cells from a patient using a potentially game-changing DNA repair-kit.The advance，developed by the team led by Dr Francesco Aulicino and Professor Imre Berger from Bristol’s School of Biochemistry，is published in Nucleic Acids Research. Podocin is a protein normally located on the surface of specialized kidney cells and essential for kidney function.Faulty podocin，however，remains stuck inside the cell and never makes it to the surface，damaging the podocytes(肾小球足细胞) and leading to hereditary Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome(SRNS)，which cannot be cured with medications.Gene therapy(疗法) which repairs the genetic mutations causing the faulty podocin offers hope for patients. By applying new biology techniques，the team re-engineered baculovirus，a for humans harmless insect virus to create a DNA repair vehicle.This re-engineered baculovirus is considered safe，as it could only multiply in the insect，but not in human cells.It can enter human cells very efficiently.What sets apart baculovirus from current ones like LV，AV，and AAV is that the shell of baculovirus resembles a hollow stick—it simply becomes longer when the load increases.This means a lot more advanced tool-kit and much larger DNA pieces to repair a genetic error can be delivered，making it much more multifunctional than commonly-used systems. The team used patient-derived podocytes carrying the disease-causing error in the genome to demonstrate the potential of their technology.Dr Aulicino said，“There are many avenues to apply our system.In addition to podocin repair，we could show that we can correct many errors in very different places in the genome efficiently，by using our single baculovirus delivery system and the most recent editing techniques available.” Professor Gavin Welsh said，“These results are very encouraging.It is a long road ahead to carry out a new system for clinical applications，but we believe the advantages offered make this a very worthwhile undertaking.” 5．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The theory of a therapy. B．The cause of a disease. C．A special protein. D．An important cell. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中“Podocin is a protein normally located on the surface of specialized kidney cells and essential for kidney function...which cannot be cured with medications.”可知，该段主要介绍了遗传性类固醇抵抗性肾病综合征这一疾病的原因。故选B。 6．Why did the team choose baculovirus? A．Its shell is extensible. B．Its risk is controllable. C．It can enter human cells. D．It can reproduce quickly. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What sets apart baculovirus from current ones like LV...it simply becomes longer when...making it much more multifunctional than commonly-used systems.”可知，杆状病毒的外壳可以扩展，因而可携带更大的DNA片段来修复基因错误，因此团队选择了它。故选A。 7．Why did the team experiment on faulty podocytes? A．To follow a common practice in the field. B．To make their experiment easier to perform. C．To show the greatness of their achievements. D．To employ the most recent editing techniques. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，研究人员选择在出错误的足蛋白上做实验是为了证明他们的新技术的伟大。故选C。 8．What’s Gavin Welsh’s attitude toward the study? A．Cautious. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段“Professor Gavin Welsh said，‘These results are very encouraging...but we believe the advantages offered make this a very worthwhile undertaking.’”可知，威尔士教授对这项研究持支持态度。故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分) One day I was doing some grocery shopping.A 1 man，who was talking to himself，walked toward us at the checkout stand(收银台)．He said to the man in front of me，“I don’t want to steal from this 2 .Would you buy me some food？” The man in front of me 3 not to hear him.It was as if he were invisible.I waited for my turn to be questioned， 4 it never came.So I asked him，“Can I buy you something to eat？” He 5 .The man got a bag and began putting 6 into the bag.One，two，three...He finally 7 and I asked him how many sandwiches he had got and he replied ten. The cashier looked at me in 8 and then added the ten sandwiches to my 9 .After a while，the man said he wanted to drink 10 .The cashier kept a close eye on him.So did I，as I didn’t want him to 11 anything either.I told the cashier that if he got a bottle of milk I’d just 12 it.In the end，we both left the store. This man’s situations 13 me.How many homeless people also 14 a mental illness? Maybe that’s even what led him to be homeless.I hope to 15 him again someday.Maybe we can sit down and have lunch together. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在购物时遇到了一位似乎有精神疾病的流浪汉，作者帮他购买食物和饮料，并希望有一天能再次遇到他，与他共进午餐。 1．A.disabled B．handsome C．homeless D．rich 答案　C 解析　disabled残疾的；handsome英俊的；homeless无家可归的。根据下文“I don’t want to steal from this .Would you buy me some food？”和最后一段中“How many homeless people also a mental illness？”可推知，这位男子是一个无家可归的流浪汉，他在向人们要食物。故选C。 2．A.bank B．store C．hotel D．school 答案　B 解析　根据上文“One day I was doing some grocery shopping.”和“walked toward us at the checkout stand(收银台)”可知，他们是在商店的收银台，所以流浪汉说他不想从商店里偷东西。故选B。 3．A.agreed B．promised C．learned D．pretended 答案　D 解析　promise承诺；pretend假装。根据下文“It was as if he were invisible.”可知，作者前面的男子直接无视了流浪汉，假装没听到。故选D。 4．A.moreover B．otherwise C．but D．therefore 答案　C 解析　moreover再者，而且；otherwise否则，不然；but但是；therefore因此。根据上文“I waited for my turn to be questioned”和下文“it never came”可知，上下文有转折关系，用连词but连接两个分句。故选C。 5．A.accepted B．admitted C．refused D．hesitated 答案　A 解析　accept接受；admit承认；hesitate犹豫。根据下文“The man got a bag and began putting into the bag.”可知，流浪汉接受了作者给他买食物的提议，并开始装食物。故选A。 6．A.cakes B．sandwiches C．apples D．dumplings 答案　B 解析　sandwich三明治；dumpling饺子。根据下文“how many sandwiches he had got”可知，流浪汉往袋子里装的是三明治。故选B。 7．A.received B．succeeded C．apologized D．stopped 答案　D 解析　receive收到；succeed成功；apologize道歉。根据空前“finally”和空后“I asked him how many sandwiches he had got and he replied ten”可知，作者问他装了多少，准备付款，说明流浪汉停止了装三明治。故选D。 8．A.surprise B．anger C．anxiety D．disappointment 答案　A 解析　surprise惊讶；anger愤怒；anxiety焦虑；disappointment失望。根据上文可知，作者给流浪汉买了10个三明治，结合常识，收银员会对作者的行为感到惊讶。故选A。 9．A.recipe B．menu C．order D．diet 答案　C 解析　recipe食谱；menu菜单；order订单。根据第二段中“So I asked him，‘Can I buy you something to eat？’”可知，作者主动提出给流浪汉买吃的，所以流浪汉拿的三明治要加到作者的订单上。故选C。 10．A.tea B．coffee C．juice D．milk 答案　D 解析　根据下文“I told the cashier that if he got a bottle of milk”可知，流浪汉又提出要喝牛奶。故选D。 11．A.borrow B．steal C．throw D．buy 答案　B 解析　根据第一段中流浪汉说的话“I don’t want to steal from this .”和上文“The cashier kept a close eye on him.”可推知，收银员怕流浪汉会偷牛奶，作者也不想让他偷东西。故选B。 12．A.pay for B．rely on C．point at D．drink up 答案　A 解析　pay for支付；rely on依靠；point at指向；drink up喝光。根据上文可知，作者主动提出为流浪汉买吃的，并给他买了十个三明治，所以，如果流浪汉还需要牛奶的话，作者也会为他付钱。故选A。 13．A.saddened B．embarrassed C．frightened D．annoyed 答案　A 解析　sadden使悲伤；embarrass使尴尬；frighten使惊吓；annoy使烦恼。结合上文“I don’t want to steal from this .Would you buy me some food？”和下文“homeless people also a mental illness”可知，文中的流浪汉可能有精神疾病，作者为他的境况感到难过。故选A。 14．A.get over B．care about C．suffer from D．speak of 答案　C 解析　get over克服；care about关心；suffer from患有；speak of谈论。根据句中“also”可知，此处指也患有精神疾病的无家可归的人。故选C。 15．A.call on B．come across C．dream of D．look after 答案　B 解析　call on拜访；come across遇到；dream of梦想。根据句中“again someday”和下文“we can sit down and have lunch together”可知，作者希望再次遇到这个流浪汉。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $