Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（译林版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦“批判性新闻阅读”核心知识点，通过“速读—整体理解文意”“细读—深度获取细节”“读后—语言应用巩固”三步学习支架，串联新闻大意概括、篇章结构分析、细节信息提取、语法填空及重点词块默写等内容，构建从理解到应用的完整学习脉络。 该资料特色在于以两篇对比新闻为实例，分步骤引导学生分析报道差异成因，培养批判性思维品质。通过语法填空、课文佳句仿写等任务提升语言能力，课后训练涵盖阅读、完形及写作，助力学生查漏补缺，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后促进学生自主巩固，实现语言能力与思维品质的协同发展。

Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the text? A．The reasons for the big fire and the rescue efforts. B．The reasons and ways to be a critical news reader. C．The bad consequences of big fires and how to prevent them. D．The differences between news reports and the possible reasons. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What is the function of the two news reports? A．To catch readers’ attention. B．To raise people’s awareness. C．To lay foundation for later analysis. D．To inform the public of certain information. 答案　C 2．How did Lisa Mayer feel about the fire in the second news report? A．Excited. B．Calm. C．Indifferent. D．Frightened. 答案　D 3．How does the author develop the article Reading news reports critically? A．By making definitions. B．By giving examples. C．By presenting questions. D．By analyzing reasons and effects. 答案　B 4．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph of the article? A．To tell readers how to become a critical news reader. B．To show everyone can become a critical news reader. C．To stress the importance of becoming a critical news reader. D．To show journalists are committed to presenting the truth in their reports. 答案　A Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 It was reported that a terrible fire had broken out in the Henderson Tower 1.on Sunday night.Different news reports on 2.the same events contained different or even contradictory information.The first report focused on the rescue efforts 3.made(make) by firefighters while the second one stressed deaths and injuries.In that case，we can’t help 4.wondering(wonder) how these differences come about.The reasons are as follows： First of all，journalists may have different 5.priorities(priority)，which would influence how they report an event.Besides，news reports written at different stages could contain different information as new facts 6.are brought(bring) to light.Furthermore，journalists may approach information they get from research or interviews differently. To sum up,7.it is suggested that we read news reports from various perspectives and at different stages，which brings us a 8.more accurate(accurate) understanding of a situation.We should also bear in mind that we need to read news reports 9.critically(critical) and remember not to blindly trust 10.what we have read. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5，according to figures released by emergency services.(P2，Para.1) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。that引导同位语从句，是对前面Fears的解释说明；released by emergency services为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰figures。 汉语翻译：根据应急服务机构公布的数据，人们更加担心死亡人数可能达到5人。 2．There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules(rule)．(P2，Para.1) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。主句“There is concern”使用了There be倒装句式；第一个that引导同位语从句，解释说明concern；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the construction company。 汉语翻译：有些人担心建造这座高楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规范。 3．Mr Peterson，head of the fire service，confirms that a dropped(drop) cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor started the fire and that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent(prevent) the disaster.(P2，Para.3) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。名词短语head of the fire service作Mr Peterson的同位语；两个that均引导宾语从句，作动词confirms的宾语。 汉语翻译：消防队队长彼得森先生证实，一根掉落在九楼一块地毯上的烟头引起了这场火灾，而自动火警报警器没有及时报警，未能阻止这场灾难的发生。 4．We rely on news to learn(learn) about what is happening in the world around us.(P3，Para.1) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。　 汉语翻译：我们依赖新闻来了解我们周围的世界正在发生什么事情。 5．It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities(priority)，which would influence how they report an event.(P3，Para.2) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。It为形式主语，动词不定式短语to remember...为真正的主语；that引导宾语从句，作remember的宾语；which引导非限制性定语从句；how they report an event为how引导的宾语从句，作influence的宾语。 汉语翻译：明智的做法是记住记者可能会有不同的优先事项，这将会影响他们如何报道一则事件。 6．We can see that the first news report pays more attention to the rescue efforts，while the second talks more about deaths and injuries.(P3，Para.2) 结构分析：此句是并列复合句。that引导宾语从句；宾语从句中while为并列连词，前后两个分句之间为对比关系。 汉语翻译：我们可以看到，第一篇新闻报道更关注救援工作，而第二篇谈论更多的则是伤亡情况。 7．Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective，they may contradict each other in terms of factual details，as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly(constant) changing.(P3，Para.3) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。Even if引导让步状语从句；in terms of 表示“在……方面”；as引导原因状语从句。 汉语翻译：即使新闻报道的撰写角度基本相同，它们也可能在事实性的细节上相互矛盾，因为现实世界中的事件通常是复杂且不断变化的。 8．When we come across such factual differences，we should not rush to the conclusion that one of the news reports gives false information.(P3，Para.3) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句；that引导同位语从句，作conclusion的同位语。 汉语翻译：当我们发现这样的事实性差异时，不应急于下结论，认为其中一篇新闻报道提供了错误信息。 9．Another aspect worthy of mention is that journalists may approach information they get from research or interviews differently(different)．(P3，Para.3) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。that引导表语从句；worthy of mention作aspect的后置定语；they get from...为定语从句，修饰先行词information，此处关系词因在从句中作宾语而被省略。 汉语翻译：另一个值得一提的方面是，记者可能会以不同的方式处理他们从调查或采访中获得的信息。 10．To sum up，it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages，which brings us a more accurate(accurate) understanding of a situation.(P3，Para.4) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。it为形式主语，动词不定式短语to read news reports...为真正的主语，written from...stages为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语news reports；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句。 汉语翻译：总之，阅读从不同角度、在不同阶段写的新闻报道是明智之举，这样可以让我们更准确地了解情况。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 现在分词短语作结果状语 The fire，which is thought to have started from the 8th floor，spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night，leaving people on the upper floors trapped.(P2，Para.1) 周日晚上的这场火灾被认为是从九楼开始的，并迅速蔓延至整栋大楼，导致九楼以上的人被困。 结构分析：本句为主从复合句。句子的主干为“The fire spread quickly”，其中through the tower block为地点状语，on Sunday night是时间状语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The fire；leaving people on the upper floors trapped为现在分词短语作结果状语，过去分词trapped在其中作宾语补足语。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————现在分词短语与不定式作结果状语的区别： ·现在分词(短语)作结果状语，常表示意料、情理之中的结果。 ·不定式作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，通常和only连用。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)她的靴子上沾上了泥，使她脚步沉重，双腿疲惫不堪。 The mud stuck to her boots，making her feet heavy and her legs tired. (2)汤姆打开他的礼物盒子，结果却发现里边只有一封信。 Tom unwrapped his present box，only to find a letter in it. be about to do...when... I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.(P2，Para.2) 我正要洗澡，这时听到有人尖叫，还有狗在叫。 结构分析：本句为并列句。be about to do...when...句型意为“正要做某事，这时突然……”，when作并列连词；screaming和barking为现在分词作宾语补足语。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 常用when作并列连词的句式还有： be on the point of doing sth when...正要做某事，这时突然…… be doing sth when...正在做某事，这时突然…… had just done sth when...刚做完某事，这时突然…… ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)我正要放弃，这时李老师鼓励我要坚持。 I was about to give up/was on the point of giving up when Ms Li encouraged me to keep it up. (2)我正开着车去伦敦，这时我突然发现走错了路。 I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. (3)他刚写完作业，这时妈妈让他去弹钢琴。 He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano. 课文重点词块默写 1．扑灭put out 2．蔓延至extend to 3．控制住情况get the situation under control 4．遵守消防安全规范follow fire safety rules 5．爆发break out 6．造成……受伤leave...injured 7．一根掉落的烟头a dropped cigarette end 8．进一步调查这起事故investigate the accident further 9．依靠……来做…… rely on...to do... 10．了解 learn about 11．发生come about 12．以……为例take...as an example 13．注意pay attention to 14．不止一个more than one 15．逐渐理解come to understand 16．从……角度，就……而言in terms of 17．例如for instance 18．发现；偶遇come across 19．急于下结论rush to the conclusion 20．披露；揭露bring...to light 21．另一个值得一提的方面another aspect worthy of mention 22．在……和……之间变化vary between...and... 23．总结sum up 24．致力于be committed to 25．我们每一个人every one of us 训练2　Welcome to the unit & Reading　[分值：50分] Ⅰ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(共15分) 1．他一直致力于成为一名合格的记者，这也是他一直在坚持的梦想。(which引导的非限制性定语从句；committed) He has been committed to becoming a qualified journalist，which is also a dream he has been holding on to. 2．我们都知道这个事实，新闻工作的要求和其他行业的不一样。(that引导的同位语从句；journalism；differ from) We all know the fact that the requirements of journalism differ from those of other occupations. 3．例如，他需要发现有新闻价值的话题，与受访者进行深度交流。(现在分词短语作状语；instance) For instance，he needs to spot newsworthy topics，making in-depth communications with the interviewees. 4．组织好手头各种各样的材料以写成报道是他的职责。(it作形式主语) It is his duty to organize various materials at hand to compose a report. 5．我能从他身上学到的是只有有创造力和敏锐目光的人才能成为优秀的记者。(what引导的主语从句) What I can learn from him is that only those who are creative and sharp-eyed can make excellent journalists. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 The person I respect is my best friend John.He has been committed to becoming a qualified journalist，which is also a dream he has been holding on to.He devotes all his energy to his beloved career. We all know the fact that the requirements of journalism differ from those of other occupations.Besides，it may call for a lot of time as well as patience.Before he covers a report，he needs much work.For instance，he needs to spot newsworthy topics，making in-depth communications with the interviewees.When he finishes his interview，it is his duty to organize various materials at hand to compose a report. What I can learn from him is that only those who are creative and sharp-eyed can make excellent journalists.What’s more，one should be devoted to the cause he has passion for. Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Portia Kapraun has always seen unwelcome ads on Twitter，usually from major brands pitching(竭力推销) expensive jewelry or vehicles that she，as a librarian in Indiana，could not afford.Ms Kapraun was not interested.But she soon saw the ads again.And again.And again.“These feel like low-end ads，” she said.In a shaky advertising market in an uncertain economy，ads that few people want to see suddenly seem to be everywhere. Advancements in digital advertising technology were meant to improve users’ experience.People interested in shoes are intended to get ads for sneakers and boots，not repeated pitches promoting gold investments.And the technology is supposed to remove misleading or dangerous pitches.But lately，on several platforms，the opposite seems to be happening for a variety of reasons，including a slowdown in the overall digital ad market.As numerous deep-pocketed marketers have pulled back，and the softer market has led several digital platforms to lower their ad pricing，opportunities have opened up for less demanding advertisers. Advertising experts agree that poor-quality ads appear to be increasing greatly.They point to a variety of potential causes：internal troubles at technology companies，weak content moderation(审核)，and high-level advertisers seeking other choices.Then，there’s the economy：A recent survey of 43 multinational companies representing more than $44 billion in advertising spending found that nearly 30 percent planned to cut back on their marketing spending last year. Other factors are also contributing to lower advertising quality.Social media advertising，once only practiced by specialists，is now easily available to anyone.Many of them are avoiding targeted ads—placements intended to reach specific audiences，usually at a higher cost—in favor of a cheaper spray-and-pray(广撒网式的) approach online，hoping to catch the attention of gullible(容易受骗的) or bored shoppers.Major social media platforms are now like “a mall that used to be good”，Corey Richardson，vice president at a multicultural ad company，says.“But now there’s no longer a mall there—it’s just a place selling anything.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是由于数字广告市场的低迷和经济的不确定性，用户开始在社交媒体平台上遇到越来越多低质量的广告，这些低质量的广告导致主要的社交媒体平台逐渐变得没有吸引力，只剩下了一些低价的广告商。 1．What message does the author want to deliver in Portia Kapraun’s story? A．Repeated ads have a strong power of persuasion. B．Social media users often encounter unwanted ads. C．Major brands usually prefer social media advertising. D．An uncertain economy leads to lower levels of consumption. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。 根据第一段中“Portia Kapraun has always seen unwelcome ads on Twitter，...And again.And again.”以及该段最后一句可知，作者想在Portia Kapraun的故事中传达的信息是社交媒体用户经常会遇到不需要的广告。故选B。 2．What can be inferred about the “less demanding advertisers” mentioned in paragraph 2? A．They are forced to exit the digital ad market. B．They have benefited from advertising experts. C．They work hard to improve their users’ experience. D．They can now advertise at a more affordable price. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。 根据第二段中“As numerous deep-pocketed marketers have pulled back，and the softer market has led several digital platforms to lower their ad pricing，opportunities have opened up for...”可推知，由于财力雄厚的商人退出市场和市场疲软导致很多数字平台降低了广告的定价，很多要求很低的广告商获得了机会，能够以较低的价格投放广告。故选D。 3．What is Corey Richardson’s attitude to major social media platforms? A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Favorable. D．Hopeful. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。 根据最后一段中“Major social media platforms are now like ‘a mall that used to be good’．..it’s just a place selling anything.”可知，Corey Richardson认为如今社交媒体平台变成了只卖东西的地方，由此可知，他对当前社交媒体平台的态度是消极的。故选A。 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Where Is Social Media Advertising Heading? B．What Is Shaking up the Online Advertising Market? C．Why Are You Seeing So Many Bad Digital Ads Now? D．How Are Targeted Ads Impacting Your Purchase Decisions? 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段最后两句、第三段前两句和第四段第一句可知，本文主要讲的是由于数字广告市场的低迷和经济的不确定性，用户开始在社交媒体平台上遇到越来越多低质量的广告，这些低质量的广告导致主要的社交媒体平台逐渐变得没有吸引力，只剩下了一些低价的广告商。因此C选项“Why Are You Seeing So Many Bad Digital Ads Now？”适合作文章标题。故选C。 B Thanks to social media，we are more active in our virtual world than we are in real life.Whether we are out with friends or sitting at home，we are glued to our mobile phones.We document almost everything we do，cook，and eat—but not without editing first and adding some filters(滤镜)．While you might be engaging in this behaviour for fun，researchers from Florida State University，revealed a direct link between posting edited photos on Instagram and risk factors for eating disorders. Specifically，digitally editing pictures to improve personal appearance before posting them on Instagram increased weight and shape concerns in college students.Posting photos contributed to greater anxiety and increased urges to restrict food intake and exercise compared with not posting photos. “As more people turn to social media to stay connected，it’s critically important to let others see you as you are.Compared with edited photos，we saw no decrease in the number of likes or comments for unedited photos on Instagram；knowing this could reduce harmful pressures to change how you look，” said co-author Pamela K Keel. Too much social media use has long been associated with promoting disordered eating behaviours as well as other mental health issues.So，using a two-stage design，the present study tried to figure out how posting edited photos relates to eating disorders，as well as anxiety and depressive symptoms(抑郁症状)，in college students. In stage one，the research team examined associations between posting edited photos and mental health measures in 2,485 undergraduates.While in stage two，they examined associations between posting edited photos and eating disorder risk factors in 80 undergraduates who supported posting edited photos in stage one and volunteered for the experimental portion of the study. The findings showed that those who supported posting edited photos reported greater disordered eating behaviours and anxiety than those who did not，but no differences were found for depressive symptoms. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究结果显示，那些在网上发布经过编辑的照片的人比那些发布没有编辑过的照片的人拥有更严重的饮食紊乱和焦虑问题。 5．Why does the author mention people’s obsession with phones in paragraph 1? A．To lead up to the research topic. B．To describe various leisure activities online. C．To introduce his attitude towards social media. D．To explain the way people document their lives. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。由文章第一段“Thanks to social media...revealed a direct link between posting edited photos on Instagram and risk factors for eating disorders.”以及下文可知，文章在首段提到人们沉迷于手机是为了引出本文话题，即发布编辑过的图片到网上和饮食失调有关系。故选A。 6．Which statement will Pamela probably agree with? A．Instagram users prefer edited photos. B．It is critically vital to be seen on social media. C．People’s connections on Instagram are stronger. D．Editing photos has no impact on popularity levels. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由文章第三段中的“Compared with edited photos，we saw no decrease in the number of likes or comments for unedited photos on Instagram”可知，Pamela认为与编辑过的照片相比，未经编辑的照片的点赞或评论数量没有减少，所以换句话说，编辑照片对受欢迎程度没有影响。故选D。 7．What did the two-stage study show? A．College students exhibited plenty of eating disorders. B．A large portion of undergraduates supported posting edited photos. C．No depressive symptoms were found in undergraduates in stage two. D．Supporters of posting edited photos displayed higher levels of mental health problems. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由文章最后一段“The findings showed that those who supported posting edited photos reported greater disordered eating behaviours and anxiety than those who did not，but no differences were found for depressive symptoms.”可知，发布经过编辑的照片的支持者显示出更高程度的心理健康问题。故选D。 8．Where can the text be found? A．In a book review. B．In a health magazine. C．In a company brochure. D．In a photography guide. 答案　B 解析　文章出处题。通读全文尤其根据文章最后一段可知，文章主要讲述了研究结果显示，那些发布经过编辑的照片的人比那些发布没有编辑过的照片的人拥有更严重的饮食紊乱和焦虑问题。所以这篇文章应出现在健康杂志上面。故选B。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分) It was early in the morning and I was building a sand castle on the beach.After finishing the basic shape，I began to decorate the form with 1 .A boy walked up and began to kick at the castle.I 2 what was in his mind for him to do such a thing. Pausing for a while，I held out my hand 3 with shells and said，“Here，help me put these on.” He stopped 4 ，looked at me for several seconds，then took them and began to 5 them on the castle.We decorated in 6 silence.When the entire castle was covered in shells，we stepped back to look at the 7 .“We did a good job，” I said，“Thank you.” He smiled at me and left.I watched for a moment as he walked away and 8 the boy’s reaction.He must have been 9 when I didn’t shout at him to stop his kicking，or take even more aggressive action towards him. 10 ，I extended my hand to him，and he chose to spend his 11 on the sand castle. Many years later，that 12 is still a golden thread in my life’s tapestry(织锦)．It is a lovely solution.I realize that when someone gives me a(n) 13 ，if appropriate，I give them some “shells”. If I and others，practice 14 solutions with smaller problems，we may one day seek to find proper ways to deal with the really 15 ones. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在海滩上建造的沙堡遭到一个男孩的破坏，但作者并没有责备他，而是邀请他一起装饰沙堡，最后使男孩兴高采烈地离开。作者回忆这个经历，认为这是一个很好的解决方式，并认为如果我们在小问题上采用类似的方法，我们可以更好地解决大的问题。 1．A.flowers B．shells C．jewels D．stones 答案　B 解析　根据后文“I held out my hand with shells”可知，作者用贝壳装饰沙堡。故选B。 2．A.predicted B．imagined C．wondered D．doubted 答案　C 解析　根据前文“A boy walked up and began to kick at the castle.”可知，一个男孩走了过来，开始踢沙堡。作者想知道男孩为什么这样做。故选C。 3．A.decorated B．covered C．dotted D．filled 答案　D 解析　根据前文“my hand”可知，作者的手里满是贝壳。故选D。 4．A.kicking B．buffeting C．building D．escaping 答案　A 解析　根据后文“looked at me for several seconds”可知，男孩停止踢作者的沙堡。故选A。 5．A.switch B．base C．place D．carry 答案　C 解析　根据后文“them on the castle”可知，男孩接过贝壳把它们放在沙堡上。故选C。 6．A.comfortable B．annoying C．anxious D．shocking 答案　A 解析　根据后文“‘We did a good job，’ I said，‘Thank you.’ He smiled at me and left.”可知，男孩和作者相处融洽，最后在微笑中感谢作者，因此推断二人在舒服的沉默中装饰沙堡。故选A。 7．A.beach B．work C．product D．performance 答案　B 解析　根据前文“When the entire castle was covered in shells...”可知，作者和男孩一起完成了装饰沙堡，所以沙堡成为一件作品。故选B。 8．A.worried about B．cared about C．heard about D．thought about 答案　D 解析　根据前文“He smiled at me”可知，作者对男孩的反应进行思考。故选D。 9．A.defeated B．delighted C．surprised D．satisfied 答案　C 解析　根据后文“when I didn’t shout at him to stop his kicking，or take even more aggressive action towards him”可知，作者没有对他大喊大叫制止他，或者对他采取更激进的行动，所以男孩一定很惊讶。故选C。 10．A.However B．Instead C．Therefore D．Otherwise 答案　B 解析　根据前文“when I didn’t shout at him to stop his kicking，or take even more aggressive action towards him”可知，作者没有对他大喊大叫制止他，或者对他采取更激进的行动，相反向他伸出手，邀请男孩一起装饰沙堡。故选B。 11．A.time B．money C．life D．vacation 答案　A 解析　根据前文“He stopped ，looked at me for several seconds，then took them and began to them on the castle.”以及“he chose to spend”可知，男孩选择花时间与作者一起装饰沙堡。故选A。 12．A.image B．attempt C．issue D．moment 答案　D 解析　根据前文“He smiled at me and left.”可知，男孩向作者微笑表示感谢的举动，那一刻仍然是作者生命织锦上的一根金线。故选D。 13．A.challenge B．option C．opportunity D．assistance 答案　A 解析　根据前文“A boy walked up and began to kick at the castle.”可知，男孩踢作者的沙堡，作者将此行为比作是别人给作者的挑战。故选A。 14．A.efficient B．peaceful C．accessible D．various 答案　B 解析　根据前文“when I didn’t shout at him to stop his kicking，or take even more aggressive action towards him”可知，作者没有对他大喊大叫制止他，也没有对他采取更激进的行为，而是采取平和的方式解决问题。故选B。 15．A.identical B．vital C．unusual D．big 答案　D 解析　根据前文“with smaller problems”可知，如果我们和其他人用和平的方法解决小问题，也许有一天我们会找到处理大问题的正确方法。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $