UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 Why Do We Need Humour（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“幽默的重要性”核心知识点，以听力理解引入幽默的生理与心理影响，通过词汇讲解（如mood的搭配、whisper的用法）搭建语言基础，再经语法填空、阅读理解（AI幽默系统、幽默与基因研究）及七选五（幽默感培养）形成“输入-内化-输出”的学习支架。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，听力填空训练精听与信息抓取，阅读理解探讨跨学科话题（如AI、基因）提升逻辑分析；词汇部分提供写作佳句（如mood的心理描写）助力学习能力提升。课中辅助教师分层教学，课后通过语法练习与阅读拓展帮助学生查漏补缺，深化语言运用能力。

Section Ⅲ　Lesson 2　Why Do We Need Humour? Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)(教材P12) 1．Listen to Part 1 of a speech about humour.Choose the best answer. (1)Why do we need humour? A．Because we all like watching a comedy. B．Because it makes us laugh all the time. C．Because we all like humour，even babies. 答案　B (2)From what aspects will he further discuss the question? A．Both physical and psychological effects of humour. B．What is humour. C．How to be humorous. 答案　A 2．What does the speaker say about laughter? A.It has a positive effect on heart disease. B.It makes the chemicals in our body. C.It greatly improves people’s well-being. 答案　C Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练) Listen to Part 3 on P12 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear. There is a song that says，“Smile，though your heart is 1.breaking.” Does it mean there is a relation between smiling and mood？The answer is YES.Humour also has psychological 2.effects on our mind.Scientists have proved that there is 3.a two-way effect between smiling and mood：when we’re happy，we naturally smile；and when we smile，even if we don’t feel like it，it can also 4. make us feel happy. Besides，when we incorporate humour as part of our life attitude，it can have far-reaching effects.What does “far-reaching effects” mean？It means that it will have a great influence on 5.how we live.We all know that if we are in a bad mood，we 6.are likely to express negative attitudes and feelings；and this makes those around us down，too.But if we always try to be 7.positive and funny，people will enjoy our company and feel energised by it. That’s the end of my talk.I hope you’ll 8.benefit from humour in your lives.Thank you.And now I’m happy to answer any questions... mood n．心情，情绪(moody adj.情绪多变的，喜怒无常的) in a good/bad mood心情好/坏 be/feel in the/no mood for sth/to do sth 有/没有心情做某事 (1)Ultimately，she recovered from the serious infection，got refreshed and was in a better mood. [写作佳句] (2)(读后续写之喜悦心理描写)简的心情如此好，以至于几乎要跳起来，眼里噙满了喜悦的泪水。 Jane was in such a good mood that she almost jumped up，tears of happiness filling her eyes. (3)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)我被困在南瓜里，大口喘着气，没心情和我的哥哥开玩笑。 Trapped in the pumpkin，I gulped for air and I was in no mood to play jokes with my elder brother. whisper n．耳语；低语 vt.& vi.低语；悄声说 ·whisper sth in one’s ear在某人耳旁小声说某事 whisper sth to sb 把某事悄悄告诉某人 It is whispered that...据传闻…… ·in a whisper/in whispers低声地；悄声地 (1)Suddenly，Jenny came over innocently and whispered something in Helen’s ear. (2)It was whispered(whisper) that anyone who did best in the academic performance would get the scholarship. [写作佳句] (3)这对激动的双胞胎轻声对他们的父亲说：“我们渴望为我们心爱的母亲做一顿美味的早餐。” The thrilled twins whispered to their father，“We are eager to cook a delicious breakfast for our beloved mother.” embarrassment n．窘迫；尴尬(embarrass vt.使难堪，使尴尬embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的) ·to one’s embarrassment令某人尴尬的是 ·be/feel embarrassed to do sth 对做某事感到尴尬 be/feel embarrassed about/at...对……感到难为情/不知所措 (1)After he announced the result，his speech was followed by an embarrassed(embarrass) silence. (2)When she whispered to me，I froze and my face turned red with embarrassment(embarrass)． (3)The clown in the circus felt embarrassed about/at the fact that he was made fun of by his son and got extremely angry. [写作佳句] (4)(读后续写之心理描写)既惊讶又尴尬，她感觉所有的空气都要消失了，全世界的人似乎都在看着她。 Amazed and embarrassed，she feels as if all the air were to disappear and people around the world were watching her. 训练5　Lesson 2(A)　[分值：40分] Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分) 1．“Be quiet.The baby is sleeping in the room，”my aunt whispered(低语) when I talked. 2．In my opinion，we should limit our expenses(花费) to what we can afford. 3．At minus 130℃，a living cell(细胞) can be preserved for a thousand years. 4．What made everyone confused was that the infection did not respond to the drugs. 5．After he made fun of himself，we all laughed and that helped ease the tension(紧张)． 6．This blood test will show whether or not you’re immune to the disease. 7．When you quarrel with others or when you fail the exam，you may have a terrible mood. 8．Working out on a regular basis strengthens your muscles(肌肉)，and helps you keep healthy physically and mentally. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分) 1．The screenwriter spent a few tense(tension) weeks waiting for the crisis to end. 2．The man in a good mood was whispering to his wife when his nose began to bleed. 3．The thief will be put in prison for stealing an expensive(expense) vase from a museum. 4．It is known that abuse can lead to both psychological(psychology) and emotional problems. 5．Some people have left out of embarrassment(embarrass) at what’s happened to them. 6．It is announced that some drugs can be harmful to people physically(physical) and mentally. 7．What astonished people was that they accidentally(accidental) unearthed some ancient antiques. 8．Exercise energises(energy) you，so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A It seems no one can really agree on the question of “What’s so funny？”．So imagine trying to teach a robot how to laugh.But that’s exactly what a team of researchers at Kyoto University in Japan are trying to design，an AI that takes its cues through a shared-laughter system.The scientists describe their innovative approach to building a funny bone for the Japanese android “Erica” in the latest issue of the journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI. “We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy(共情)，” explained lead author Dr Koji Inoue，an assistant professor at Kyoto University in the Department of Intelligence Science and Technology within the Graduate School of Informatics.“One way a robot can empathize with users is to share their laughter.” In the shared-laughter model，a human initially laughs and the AI system responds with laughter as an empathetic response.This approach required designing three subsystems—one to detect laughter，a second to decide whether to laugh，and a third to choose the type of appropriate laughter.The type of laughter is important because in some cases a polite chuckle(轻笑) may be more appropriate than a loud snort(嗤笑) of laughter. The team tested Erica’s new sense of humor by creating four different short dialogues between a person and Erica with her new shared-laughter system.Then they asked more than 130 people in total to listen to each dialogue within the three different conditions—shared-laughter system，no laughter，all laughter—and evaluated the interactions based on human-likeness，naturalness and understanding.The shared-laughter system performed better than either baseline. “Robots should actually have a distinct character，and we think that they can show this through their conversational behaviors，such as laughing，eye gaze，gestures and speaking style，” Inoue noted.“We do not think this is an easy problem at all，and it may well take more than 10 to 20 years before we can finally have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本京都大学的研究人员设计的一种共享笑声的人工智能系统。 1．What’s the purpose of raising the question “What’s so funny？” at the beginning? A．To show opinions on funny things. B．To encourage readers to share their ideas. C．To stress the difficulty of teaching a robot to laugh. D．To emphasize the importance of being funny. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中前两句可推断，在一开始提出“什么事这么好笑”这个问题的目的是强调教机器人笑的难度。故选C。 2．Which of the following explains the underlined phrase “the funny bone” in paragraph 1? A．The sense of humor. B．The shared-laughter system. C．The speaking style. D．The distinct character. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段的第二、三句可知，日本科学家描述了他们为日本机器人艾丽卡制造幽默感的创新方法。故选A。 3．What is NOT needed in the research of the shared-laughter system? A．Designing the subsystem to decide whether to laugh. B．Assessing the interactions based on emotions. C．Creating brief conversations between a human and Erica. D．Asking people to listen to the previously created dialogues. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，该方法需要设计三个子系统，第二个决定是否要笑，A项正确。根据第四段可知，研究小组创造艾丽卡和一个人之间的短对话，然后让130多人听这些对话，C、D两项正确。故用排除法可得知选B。 4．What is Inoue’s attitude towards conversational AI? A．Indifferent. B．Suspicious. C．Optimistic. D．Objective. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段Inoue说的话可知，Inoue相信聊天机器人的前景，也清楚这无法在短期内实现，由此可推知，Inoue对聊天机器人持客观的态度。 B Studies have been done on the connection between humor and genes.The most common ones involved researchers observing the same twins and looking at how genes affect their sense of humor.There was a study with 390 adult twins who were asked to rate 48 cartoons of different humor varieties based on how funny they found them.The conclusion was that environmental influences played a more important role in what the twins found funny than genetics. However，there is more to be said about this topic.A recent study proved a clear connection between genetics and emotions like laughter.This study tested 336 adults by showing them funny clips from movies and humorous comics.Researchers then examined the gene and positive emotional expressions，which they referred to as laughing and smiling.And even though the research has collected evidence on how there can be a connection between laughing and smiling behaviors and genes，we still need more similar studies before considering the results as a fact. While genetics play an important role in the formation of many character traits，our sense of humor is too complex to be attributed to one factor.Moreover，your sense of humor can change throughout your whole life，which is why simplifying humor and basing it only on genetics isn’t reliable. When we’re young，we learn to talk and do regular activities by observing people and things around us.While growing up，you are exposed to jokes that people around you make and find funny.You will pick up behavioral signs and develop your sense of humor based on all of that.It’s not a surprise that your sense of humor is based on the sense of humor of the people you grew up with，rather than on the genes of your ancestors. Our sense of humor is a subjective field that depends on social factors，such as the influence of your family and friends，social circle，upbringing in a particular country and culture，etc.For that reason，it doesn’t mean that you will be humorous just because your parents or grandparents are funny. 5．What was found in the study about twins? A．Humor wasn’t related to genes. B．Environment mattered more than genes in humor. C．The twins’ humor was mainly affected by genes. D．The twins rated similarly about cartoons. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The conclusion was that environmental influences played a more important role in what the twins found funny than genetics.”可知，关于双胞胎的研究发现了环境对幽默感的影响比基因更大。故选B。 6．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．More research is needed to confirm the recent study result. B．There is no connection between genes and positive emotions. C．The recent study tested 336 adult twins by showing them funny clips. D．The research proved the connection between laughing behaviors and smiling behaviors. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“And even though the research has collected...we still need more similar studies before considering the results as a fact.”可推知，我们需要更多的研究来证实最近的这项研究的结果。故选A。 7．Which of the following may the author probably agree with? A．The sense of humor is just decided by one factor. B．The sense of humor can’t change once developed. C．The sense of humor can be obtained by observing and following others. D．The sense of humor is a relatively simple one of people’s all character traits. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“You will pick up behavioral signs and develop your sense of humor based on all of that.It’s not a surprise that your sense of humor is based on the sense of humor of the people you grew up with”可知，作者可能会同意的是幽默感可以通过观察和模仿他人获得。故选C。 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Can You Be Born Humorous? B．Is Humor a Necessity? C．Can You Develop Your Humor? D．Is Being Humorous Beneficial? 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据文章最后一段的“For that reason，it doesn’t mean that you will be humorous just because your parents or grandparents are funny.”可知，文章主要讲的是幽默感可能并不是与生俱来的，环境因素可能起着更重要的作用。故文章的最佳标题是“你能天生幽默吗？”。故选A。　　　　 训练6　Lesson 2(B)　[分值：32.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A When it comes to youth，the most exciting bit is usually when parents give us pocket money. While the amount of pocket money I get isn’t usually fixed(固定的)，I always ensure that the first thing I do with it is save.I have learnt to set a third as the fraction(小部分) to save，whatever the amount I get from my parents as pocket money.I always take this money to the bank，where I have managed to open a fixed account.The fact that it is a fixed account means I cannot remove money from it anyhow.This strategy has made me slowly and steadily understand the culture of saving. I then usually buy some books.These are mainly documentary magazines，which I read during my leisure time.It is actually one of my hobbies.I have made it a culture of some sort，to always buy at least a documentary magazine，each time I get my pocket money.I find documentary magazines to be quite interesting and an important source of information.I am a lover of general knowledge.I love knowing about everything，how and why things are the way they are. The remainder of the money goes towards others.These include my family and friends.I use it to fulfill the promises that I might have made to any of them.I may buy some gifts for them or give them some kind of surprise.Such gifts and surprises for them usually fill me with satisfaction，since they make them happy.I always feel good to see them happy.After all，what is life all about? In a nutshell，pocket money has taught me how to make wise spending decisions.I know how to handle and spend my cash，whatever the amount it might be.I therefore believe that even if I get the chance to handle even larger amounts in future，I won’t be dazed. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者如何明智地处理零花钱以及这样做给他带来的好处。 1．How does the author deal with his pocket money? A．Putting most of it aside. B．Donating it to those in need. C．Spending most of it immediately. D．Making sure some becomes his savings. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“I have learnt to set a third as the fraction(小部分) to save，whatever the amount I get from my parents as pocket money.”可知，作者会确保零花钱的一部分成为他的积蓄。故选D。 2．Why does the author read documentary magazines? A．He is considering developing a new hobby. B．He is curious about how the world works. C．He wants to know how to save money. D．He has a lot of time to kill. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“I find documentary magazines to be quite interesting and an important source of information...how and why things are the way they are.”可知，作者读纪实杂志是因为他想了解每一件事情以及为什么事情会这样，由此可推知，作者读纪实杂志是因为他对事物感到好奇。故选B。 3．What is life about according to the author? A．Buying books. B．Saving money. C．Making others happy. D．Teaching others to spend money wisely. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Such gifts and surprises for them usually fill me with satisfaction，since they make them happy.I always feel good to see them happy.After all，what is life all about？”可推知，作者认为让他人快乐就是生命的意义。故选C。 4．What does the underlined word “dazed” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Confused. B．Surprised. C．Excited. D．Moved. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“In a nutshell，pocket money has taught me how to make wise spending decisions.I know how to handle and spend my cash，whatever the amount it might be.”可知，作者学到了如何作出明智的支出决定，无论钱有多少，他都能正确地处理和使用金钱。所以，如果在未来遇到更大的金额需要处理，他也不会迷茫和困惑。所以画线单词dazed的意思是“困惑的”。故选A。 B Most educators know the basics of peer(同龄人) pressure.When peers are around，teenagers take more risks.For example，teenage males drive faster with other boys in the same car because the reward centers of teenagers’ brains are more active with peers than when alone. However，risk-taking in an educational context is an important skill that enables progress and creativity，which is just one of positive peer effects.People often talk about negative(消极的) peer effects but ignore many studies that show a lot of negative behavior of high school kids is discouraged by friends.There is a lot of very positive pressure that peers apply，like，“No，man，that’s stupid.” This prevention is one of the many underreported forms of peer effects. In a 2018 study of college freshmen，researchers found that having friends with a higher willingness to study is predictive(预测的) of receiving higher freshman grades.Because the study looked at both assigned(指派的) roommate pairings and chosen friend groups，the researchers were able to show the effect wasn’t just a reflection of “selection bias”，with hard-working kids having already chosen to befriend each other.Hanging out with someone who’s hard-working，they concluded，caused teenagers to study for more hours and achieve higher grades.The findings prove previous research showing a connection between how a child views the importance of doing well in school and how their friends do.Similar effects have been proved for volunteer work and health-promotive behaviors，such as exercise. What does all this mean for educators？Effective students can definitely improve classroom situations.In one program，kids were trained to publicly encourage anti-conflict(反冲突) practice.Reports of student conflict dropped 30% over one year.To some extent，this success may lie in the fact that the program got kids’ help.Efforts that engage(使……参与) teens in actual，real-life tasks have been the most promising when it comes to changing the content of the values spread within teenager peer groups. 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了要正确运用同龄人的压力，引导青少年树立正确的人生价值观。 5．What can bring peer pressure to teenagers? A．Presence of their peers. B．Being cheated by their friends. C．Encouragement from their elders. D．Stress response in difficult situations. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“When peers are around，teenagers take more risks.For example，teenage males drive faster ...with peers than when alone.”可知，有同龄人在场会给青少年带来同辈压力。故选A。 6．What is most people’s attitude to peer pressure? A．Appreciative. B．Unclear. C．Acceptable. D．Unsupportive. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据第二段中“People often talk about negative(消极的) peer effects but ignore many studies that show a lot of negative behavior of high school kids is discouraged by friends.”可知，大多数人对同辈压力的态度是消极的，即不支持的，故选D。 7．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Love me，love my dog. B．No competition，no progress. C．Kids can be influenced by close association. D．A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。通读第三段尤其是该段中的“In a 2018 study of college freshmen，researchers found that having friends with a higher willingness to study is predictive(预测的) of receiving higher freshman grades.”可知，第三段主要介绍了孩子会受到亲密关系的影响。故选C。 8．How can peer pressure be applied to education? A．By sorting classroom activities. B．By training students to keep away from conflict. C．By discouraging students from choosing friends. D．By leading students to positive social activities. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Efforts that engage(使……参与) teens in...values spread within teenager peer groups.”可知，要改变青少年同龄人群的价值观，让青少年参与实际的任务是最有希望的，由此可推知，要在教育中应用同辈压力，可以引导学生参加积极的社会活动。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Some people seem to born with a talent for making people laugh.They can quickly tell a joke and laugh at something that is not supposed to be funny immediately. 1 It’s something you can learn and improve.By doing the following things，you can develop your sense of humor. 2 Practicing humor and making people laugh involves communicating with others.Knowing what makes people annoyed and what can offend(冒犯) them is essential. 3 While some people can stand this kind of comedy，others will not，so it’s essential to keep this in mind when trying to improve your sense of humor.Offending somebody is the last thing you want to happen，and if it does occur，don’t forget to apologize. Practice your humor.Developing a good sense of humor is not something you can improve in just a single day.Instead，it takes effort and practice.And getting a laugh out of someone can be challenging.Try practicing with your close friends and family first，and see if they find your jokes funny. 4 You can also make some adjustments based on their advice. Look at the bright side of things.Humor doesn’t only come from cheerful or optimistic situations.It can come out even from difficult or troubling situations. 5 Dark humor comes from unpleasant and terrible topics like death and making jokes out of such subjects.Care must be done when giving such kind of jokes as there might be sensitive people who don’t take laughter when making fun of dark situations. A．Learn and practice good timing. B．Take your audience into account. C．A very typical example of this is dark humor. D．Afterward，it is wise of you to try it with other groups of people. E．Cruel humor usually happens when you make some funny responses. F．However，sometimes a good sense of humor is not a strictly inborn talent. G．Some jokes involve making fun of other people’s faults，sadness or sufferings. 1．答案　F 解析　空前说幽默感可能是天生的，而空后说幽默感是可以通过学习来提高的，因此，该空与前文是转折关系。F项“然而，有时好的幽默感并不完全是与生俱来的”符合语境。故选F。 2．答案　B 解析　此空为本段首句。根据后文“Knowing what makes people annoyed and what can offend(冒犯) them is essential.”和“While some people can stand this kind of comedy，others will not”可知，同样的笑话有些人能够忍受，有些人则不能，说明我们在提高幽默感时一定要考虑到听众。因此，B项“考虑到你的听众”符合语境。 3．答案　G 解析　根据空后“While some people can stand this kind of comedy，others will not”可知，空处提到了一种可能会冒犯别人的喜剧类型，G项提到以他人的失败和痛苦取乐的笑话，符合语境。故选G。 4．答案　D 解析　根据空前“Try practicing with your close friends and family first，and see if they find your jokes funny.”和空后“You can also make some adjustments based on their advice.”可知，提高幽默感首先可以在家人朋友面前练习，然后在其他人面前尝试，还可以根据他们的建议做出调整，因此D项“之后，你在其他人群中尝试是很明智的”符合语境，前后文为顺承关系。故选D。 5．答案　C 解析　空前说幽默也可能出自困难的情境，根据空后“Dark humor comes from unpleasant and terrible topics like death and making jokes out of such subjects.”可知，C项“一个十分典型的例子就是黑色幽默”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $