UNIT 4 HUMOUR 培优提能练(一)（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（北师大版）

训练13　培优提能练(一)　[分值：80.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Keeping the Spirits Up NASA has a new job listing，and it’s no joke.The US space agency(机构) is looking for a “joker” to join their planned mission(任务) to Mars. A mission to Mars is no laughing matter.On average，the red planet is 140 million miles(225 million kilometers) away from Earth.A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft.And Mars has a communications delay(延迟) of 20 minutes.This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply，when an emergency happens. “When you’re living with others in a confined space for a long period of time，such as on a mission to Mars，problems are likely to occur，” Jeffrey Johnson，a scientist at the University of Florida，told The Guardian. This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor.“These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together，” Johnson said. In stressful situations，perhaps humor is a way to know we aren’t alone.By laughing together，we share our stress.Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying. There are other examples of team “clowns”．One example is the journey to the South Pole(南极) led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.It was a difficult journey，full of danger.Adolf Lindstrom，a cook at Amundsen’s team，was a “clown”．He made people laugh through the whole journey.Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team. But if you’re hoping that your favorite TV comedian(喜剧演员) will fly to Mars，that probably won’t happen. “Being funny won’t be enough to land somebody the job，” Johnson said.“They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.” Besides，they must be in top physical condition. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国宇航局正在寻找一位“爱说笑话的人”与宇航员一起执行火星任务，这个人不但要有幽默感，还要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师。 1．What is NASA’s new job listing? A．A funny engineer. B．A talented clown. C．A good cook. D．A popular comedian. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The US space agency(机构) is looking for a ‘joker’ to join their planned mission(任务) to Mars.”可知，美国宇航局正在寻找一名“爱说笑话的人”加入他们计划中的火星任务，再根据最后一段中的“‘Being funny won’t be enough to land somebody the job，’ Johnson said.‘They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.’”可知，这个“爱说笑话的人”不但要风趣，还需要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师，也就是说他们在寻找一位风趣的工程师。故选A。 2．What does “a confined space” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．A crowded space. B．An empty space. C．An open space. D．A small space. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“such as on a mission to Mars”可知，在执行火星任务时，几个宇航员要在航天器里生活很多天，而航天器里的空间是非常狭小的，由此可知画线部分指的是“狭小的空间”。故选D。 3．How does the author think humor can help astronauts? A．It can stop them from feeling worried. B．It can encourage teamwork on a mission. C．It can help them feel less homesick. D．It can help them know themselves better. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor.‘These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together，’ Johnson said.”可知，幽默可以在任务中鼓励团队合作。故选B。 4．What point does the author want to make with the example of the cook? A．What explorers eat on their journey is very important. B．An amateur can play a more important role than a professional. C．Humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations. D．A mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，在压力大的情况下，幽默是一种减压的方式，第六段第一句话说有很多团队“小丑”的例子，紧接着举厨师的例子就是为了证明这一点，即：幽默的人能使人在困难的情况中振作起来。故选C。 B Perhaps unsurprisingly，buffoonery(滑稽) was one of few careers acceptable for women to pursue in the Middle Age.And it was not uncommon for women to enjoy this career. However，in the 17th century，comedians were forced to society’s edge as their tendency to truth-telling was no longer tolerated among high society and women，bearing the weight of gender prejudice(偏见)，were seldom among this career. This slowly began to change in the mid-19th century when women began to enter the workforce and，in the circus industry，a growing minority of female performers were employed.They promoted the industry’s “New Woman” movement which introduced female performers into the traditionally male stage. In 1895，among the women breaking the prejudice was Josephine Williams or “Lady Evetta” called “The Only Lady Clown”． Williams told The New York Times：“I believe that a woman can do anything for a living that a man can do and do it just as well as a man.All my people laughed at me when I told them that I was going on stage as a clown.But they do not laugh now.” Despite her being optimistic，the article concluded：“The men in the clown business rather enjoy Miss Williams’ odd performances but they do not regard her as a serious competitor or believe that any other women are likely to follow her example.” How wrong they were.In the 1970s，French-born Annie Fratellini opened the circus school Académie Fratellini encouraged by her film-making husband Pierre Etaix. Fratellini’s Auguste was recognizable as the clown familiar today.Her unique make-up was made up of a big red nose，tears，a black mouth and shiny decorations fixed to her eyes.When asked whether the character she acted was male or female，she insisted that “clowns have no gender”． 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了女性从事滑稽戏的发展历史。 5．What happened in the 17th century from paragraph 2? A．Few women worked as comedians. B．Comedians disappeared in the society. C．Male comedians were forced out of society. D．Comedians were popular among high society. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“women，bearing the weight of gender prejudice(偏见)，were seldom among this career”可知，当时很少有女性当喜剧演员。故选A。 6．What was people’s attitude to Williams as a clown at first? A．Supportive. B．Appreciative. C．Impatient. D．Unacceptable. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据第五段中“All my people laughed at me when I told them that I was going on stage as a clown.”可推知，人们起初认为威廉姆斯扮演小丑是不可接受的。故选D。 7．Who created the clown image familiar to us today? A．Pierre Etaix. B．Annie Fratellini. C．Lady Evetta. D．Josephine Williams. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句“Fratellini’s Auguste was recognizable as the clown familiar today.”可知，安妮·弗拉泰利尼创造了我们今天熟悉的小丑形象。故选B。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．The history of female clowns. B．The development of comedies. C．Women suffered from prejudice. D．How women broke the prejudice. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了从中世纪到17世纪，再到19世纪中期和后期，最后到20世纪70年代女性从事滑稽戏的发展历史。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Humor：An Essential Life Skill Mark Twain said，“Humor is the great thing，the saving thing.The minute it crops up，all our irritations slip away，and a sunny spirit takes their place.” He’s certainly not wrong.Humor may very well be the great thing. 1 Having a good sense of humor is possibly one of the best things you can do for your physical fitness. 2 Besides，it can improve your cardiovascular(心血管的) health. 3 Study has shown that individuals who score highly in humor have higher self-respect，greater self-competence，and perform better in social interaction.They tend to be on good terms with others and are more often associated with better overall well-being. Albert Einstein owed his brilliant mind to having a child-like sense of humor. 4 Researchers in Austria discovered that those who have a sense of humor have higher verbal(言语的) and nonverbal intelligence than their less humorous peers，because it takes both cognitive(认知的) and emotional abilities to process and produce humor. The benefits of humor are so considerable that universities like Stanford are offering business courses on humor in the workplace. 5 Students will be taught how to “better achieve business goals and develop stronger bonds”．It doesn’t stop there，though.Researchers believe humor has the power to actually “make change in the world”． A．Students will be strictly evaluated. B．These courses have specific objectives. C．And your mental health benefits as well. D．It touches upon nearly every aspect of life. E．Apart from that，humor also improves your overall quality of life. F．Research has shown that laughter can relieve the tension in your muscles. G．Indeed，studies have found an association between humor and intelligence. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幽默是一项基本的生活技能，对我们生活的方方面面都有好处。 1．答案　D 解析　前文“Humor may very well be the great thing.”提到了幽默是好事，后文每个段落具体介绍了幽默的好处，D项“It touches upon nearly every aspect of life.”符合语境，引起后文好处的具体表现。故选D。 2．答案　F 解析　前文“Having a good sense of humor is possibly one of the best things you can do for your physical fitness.”介绍了幽默对身体健康的好处，F项承接上文，说明笑可以缓解肌肉紧张，符合语境。故选F。 3．答案　E 解析　空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需概括段落内容。后文“Study has shown that individuals who score highly in humor...are more often associated with better overall well-being.”说明了幽默改善与提高了个人表现、社会交往等各方面的情况，全面提高生活质量，E项符合语境，总结本段主旨。故选E。 4．答案　G 解析　前文“Albert Einstein owed his brilliant mind to having a child-like sense of humor.”用爱因斯坦的例子引入幽默与智力的关系，G项“Indeed，studies have found an association between humor and intelligence.”符合语境，其中的“intelligence”和前文的“brilliant mind”呼应。故选G。 5．答案　B 解析　前文“...that universities like Stanford are offering business courses on humor in the workplace.”提到斯坦福等大学开设幽默相关课程，后文“Students will be taught how to‘better achieve business goals and develop stronger bonds’．”介绍课程目标，B项“These courses have specific objectives.”符合语境，承上启下。故选B。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) After a whole day’s football practice with her three kids，Brittany felt worn out and decided to grab dinner from McDonald’s. Wyatt was a teenager working at McDonald’s who took Brittany’s 1 .As Brittany pulled up to the drive-through window to 2 ，her 4-year-old son began crying and the other two soon 3 ，almost driving Brittany mad.And that was when it 4 Brittany that she’d left her purse at home. “I wanted to cry，” Brittany recalled.“I looked at the young man with 5 eyes and said，‘I’m so sorry but I have to 6 the order’．” 7 ，Wyatt pulled out his wallet，swiped(刷) his card and paid for the 8 mom’s meal. Wyatt probably couldn’t make much money from his job.Yet，he firmly 9 Brittany’s promises to pay him back later， 10 saying that it was no big deal. Brittany was so grateful that she was determined to 11 Wyatt’s kindness in a big way！She discovered that Wyatt was saving up for a vehicle，so she shared the story on social media and started a 12 campaign to help him realize his dream. Strangers from all over the country were inspired by the young man and 13 poured in.Before long，Brittany collected over $40,000！She was shocked.“I honestly didn’t expect such an incredible 14 ！Wyatt will now have enough money to buy a car and even start saving for college.So when you put 15 out in the world，it comes back to you more than you expect.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Brittany在买麦当劳时发现没带钱包，麦当劳员工Wyatt施以援手，最后Brittany为了感谢Wyatt而在网上发起募捐，为Wyatt筹集车款的故事。 1．A.opportunity B．advice C．position D．order 答案　D 解析　根据上文“Brittany felt worn out and decided to grab dinner from McDonald’s”可知，Brittany准备在麦当劳吃晚饭，所以需要进行点餐。故选D。 2．A.eat B．rest C．pay D．explain 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Wyatt was a teenager working at McDonald’s who took Brittany’s .”及下文“she’d left her purse at home”可知，Brittany点完单后需要付款。故选C。 3．A.stood out B．joined in C．cooled down D．broke down 答案　B 解析　根据上文“her 4-year-old son began crying”以及下文“almost driving Brittany mad”可知，Brittany四岁的儿子开始哭后，其他两个孩子也跟着哭了起来。故选B。 4．A.insisted B．attacked C．hit D．touched 答案　C 解析　根据后文“she’d left her purse at home”可知，她突然想起钱包落在了家里，固定句型it hits/hit sb that...意为“某人突然想到……”。故选C。 5．A.tearful B．distinct C．curious D．sharp 答案　A 解析　根据上文“I wanted to cry”可知，Brittany很想哭，所以她当时眼泪汪汪地看着那个年轻人。故选A。 6．A.evaluate B．change C．refuse D．cancel 答案　D 解析　根据上文“she’d left her purse at home”可知，Brittany没带钱包，所以她不得不取消订单。故选D。 7．A.Without hesitation B．Out of respect C．In return D．By accident 答案　A 解析　根据下文“Wyatt pulled out his wallet，swiped(刷) his card”可知，Wyatt丝毫没有犹豫就立刻取出了钱包帮助Brittany付了钱。故选A。 8．A.responsible B．stressed C．remarkable D．relieved 答案　B 解析　根据上文“her 4-year-old son began crying and the other two soon ，almost driving Brittany mad”可知，Brittany的三个孩子一起哭闹，同时也没有带钱包来支付饭钱，所以Brittany当时倍感压力。故选B。 9．A.considered B．accepted C．declined D．appreciated 答案　C 解析　根据下文“it was no big deal”可知，Wyatt觉得这是一件小事，不需要Brittany还钱，所以他拒绝了Brittany稍后来还钱的承诺。故选C。 10．A.proudly B．vividly C．impatiently D．modestly 答案　D 解析　根据下文“it was no big deal”可知，Wyatt觉得这是一件小事，由此可知他的态度非常谦虚。故选D。 11．A.reward B．express C．deserve D．spread 答案　A 解析　根据上文“ ，Wyatt pulled out his wallet，swiped(刷) his card and paid for the mom’s meal.”可知，Wyatt帮助了处于麻烦之中的Brittany，所以Brittany决定回报Wyatt。故选A。 12．A.brainwashing B．fundraising C．time-saving D．energy-consuming 答案　B 解析　根据上文“Wyatt was saving up for a vehicle”以及下文“Brittany collected over $40,000”可知，Wyatt在攒钱买车，所以Brittany组织了为Wyatt筹钱的活动。故选B。 13．A.donations B．supplies C．letters D．complaints 答案　A 解析　根据上文“started a campaign to help him realize his dream”可知，Brittany为Wyatt组织了捐款，所以在听到这个故事后，大家都纷纷捐款帮助Wyatt实现梦想。故选A。 14．A.experience B．behavior C．arrangement D．response 答案　D 解析　根据上文“Before long，Brittany collected over $40,000！She was shocked.”可知，大家积极响应Brittany的捐款活动，所以对于Brittany而言这是一次难以置信的回应。故选D。 15．A.honesty B．hope C．good D．passion 答案　C 解析　根据下文“it comes back to you more than you expect”以及结合全文可知，Wyatt做了好事，最后收获了比预期更多的东西。故选C。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) China’s second national botanical garden opened on Monday in Guangzhou after the country’s first 1. (show) in Beijing in April.2. (build) on the current South China Botanical Garden in the eastern part of the city，its 3. (establish) was approved by the State Council. With a total area of 333 hectares of exhibition and 4. (science) research，it is the world’s largest south subtropical(亚热带的) botanical garden，as well as one of China’s 5.______(old) institutions for botanical research and conservation. It is home 6. about 17,000 taxa of conservation plants away from their natural habitats，including 643 rare and endangered plants,7. 337 wild plant species on national key protection lists. So far,36 species of rare and endangered plants，including Camellia azalea，Michelia guangdongensis and Dunnia sinensis,8. (get) back to the wild thanks to the garden. In the next three to five years,9. national plant ex-situ conservation(迁地保护) center will be established there，to 10. (effect) protect 95 percent of rare and endangered plants in South China. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了位于广州的中国第二座国家植物园的相关情况。 1．答案　was shown 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在after引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，叙述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语为the country’s first(botanical garden)，为单数的形式，与show之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was shown。 2．答案　Built 解析　考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，应用动词的过去分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Built。 3．答案　establishment 解析　考查名词。设空处应用名词形式作主语，根据be动词was可知，主语应为单数形式。故填establishment。 4．答案　scientific 解析　考查形容词。设空处应用形容词形式作定语修饰空后的名词research。故填scientific。 5．答案　oldest 解析　考查形容词的最高级。“one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，故设空处应用形容词的最高级形式。故填oldest。 6．答案　to 解析　考查介词。be home to“是……的所在地/栖息地”，是固定短语。故填to。 7．答案　and 解析　考查连词。设空处前的名词plants和空后的名词species并列，表示“和”应用and连接。故填and。 8．答案　have got 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语So far可知，句子的时态为现在完成时，主语为36 species of rare and endangered plants，结合主谓一致，故填have got。 9．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。设空处后为名词单数，表示泛指，设空处应用不定冠词，且national发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 10．答案　effectively 解析　考查副词。设空处应用副词形式作状语修饰动词protect，故填effectively。 Ⅴ.读后续写微练(满分18分) I first met Harold five years ago.He was an eighteen-year-old quiet boy from a poor family. He came to our hospital in Yankton，South Dakota because of an eye disease.It turned out that this disease was unable to be cured，and with each passing day，his eyesight became worse.Eventually，he would become blind. Although I had worked as a nurse with many unfortunate patients over the years，Harold’s calmness touched me deeply.He was so young，yet he never asked for anything and never complained.Moreover，he trusted us completely. One day，while the other three nurses and I were helping Harold pack up his things，I asked him a very hard question，“If you could have one wish，what would it be？”Harold sat back on his bed，thinking.Finally，he turned to us and answered softly but with certainty，“I would like to see what an ocean looks like.” We all looked at Harold before finally meeting each other’s eyes.We wanted to make his wish come true，but how？Later that day，as we gathered for a quick dinner，we thought about it and decided to raise money for Harold’s wish. We hosted a big bake sale and told the local news media about our mission.Within days，Harold’s trip got increasing support as word spread like wildfire through our community.By the end of our campaign，we had raised more than three thousand dollars！And a charity agreed to give us two plane tickets to California，which is on the Pacific Ocean.It meant that one of Harold’s family members could accompany him during the trip to the sea. Ellen，our head nurse，had a brother living in Sacramento，California.He agreed to receive them for their four-day trip. 范文补全 We four nurses went to visit Harold to give him the surprise.1.After we explained that his wish could come true(在我们解释他的愿望可以实现之后)，he and his parents were so amazed and thanked us a lot.And his mother decided to accompany him on the trip.2.The big day coming(重要的日子即将到来)，we took the day off and helped drive them to the airport.When it was time for them to board the plane,3.Harold hugged us tightly(哈罗德紧紧地拥抱着我们)，4.saying thanks again and again with tears in his eyes(一遍又一遍地说谢谢，眼里含着泪水)．As their plane took off,5.we watched until it disappeared from sight(我们一直看着直到它从视野中消失)． Harold and his mother were met in Sacramento by Ellen’s brother.Although they had never met before，they soon bonded and drove off to the ocean that Harold had longed to see.Four days later，we waited anxiously at their arrival gate.As they finally appeared,6.he was smiling from ear to ear(他笑得合不拢嘴)．For the first time since we had known him，soft-spoken Harold didn’t stop talking.He excitedly described the waves，fishing boats，ocean creatures，and everything else he had seen.We were glad we helped him have good memories. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $