Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Discover useful structures（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（人教版）

Section Ⅲ　Discover useful structures—Past participles vs the -ing form

阅读以下短文，找出含有动词-ing和动词-ed形式的句子，并感悟其在句中所作成分。

With many painters，musicians，novelists and poets looking at the world in new and different ways，Romanticism was a cultural movement from the late 18th to the mid-19th century.Breaking with the ideals of the 18th century was the aim of the Romantics: they gave up following rigid rules; instead，they put emphasis on the importance of imagination and feeling，the love of nature and a return to the past.In England，the greatest achievements of the Romantic movement lay in poetry，especially that of William Wordsworth，Samuel Taylor Coleridge，George Gordon Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley.During that time，England was undergoing a process called industrialization.Large factories were being built and people were made to work long hours.Romantic poets were often not pleased with what was happening in their country and they were not always interested in the improvements in science.Instead，they advocated going back to nature.As a result，celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry.The poets also wrote about individual feelings and beliefs.Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature，the poetry of the Romantic era is one of the greatest treasures in Western literature.

答案　1.主语：Breaking with the ideals of the 18th century was the aim of the Romantics...

...celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry.

2．宾语：...they gave up following rigid rules.

...they advocated going back to nature.

3．表语：Romantic poets were often not pleased with...and they were not always interested in the improvements in science.

4．定语：During that time，England was undergoing a process called industrialization.

5．状语：Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature，the poetry of the Romantic era...

6．补语：With many painters，musicians，novelists and poets looking at the world in new and different ways，Romanticism was a cultural movement...

一、过去分词和动词-ing形式作表语

He looked worried after reading the letter.

看完信后，他显得很忧虑。

When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.

当我们听说这件事时，我们深受感动。

We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.

我们对他在会上讲的话感到很惊讶。

His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged.

他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。

The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene.

她脸上害怕的表情表明她被这恐怖的场面吓着了。

总结：表语常放在be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等系动词之后；过去分词作表语表示人或物的心情或状态等，也可理解为心情或状态受到外界影响，有“感到……”之意；动词-ing形式作表语表示人或物的自身特征，有“令人……”之意。

二、过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语

Used for a long time，the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧了。

Using the book，I find it very useful.在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。

Seen from the top of the mountain，the scenery was really fascinating.从山顶看去，风景真迷人。

Seeing the scenery from the top of the mountain，I was fascinated by the autumn colours.

从山顶看风景，我被秋色迷住了。

Followed by the students，the head teacher entered the classroom.被学生跟着，班主任进了教室。

Following the students，the head teacher entered the classroom.跟着学生，班主任进了教室。

When he was asked about his address，the boy didn’t respond.

＝When asked about his address，the boy didn’t respond.

当被问到地址的时候，这位男孩没有回答。

Though they had been warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields.

＝Though warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields.

尽管被警告过有暴风雨，但农民们仍然在田地里劳作。

When you cross the street，you must be careful.

＝When crossing the street，you must be careful.

当过马路的时候，你务必小心。

总结：1.过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语。过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，往往表示完成；动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，一

般表示动作正在进行。

2．过去分词和动词-ing形式通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等，为表意更明确可以在其前面加上相应的连词，如if，unless，although等。

拓展：部分过去分词已经形容词化，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of/bored with(厌烦了)、used/accustomed to(习惯于)等。

Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，she didn’t hear the sound.

由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。

Dressed in a new dress，she looks very beautiful and elegant.

穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮，很优雅。

三、过去分词(短语)作表语与被动语态的区别

The cup is broken.杯子碎了。(系表结构)

The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态)

总结：过去分词(短语)作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而谓语动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。

Ⅰ.句型转换

1．Because he was greatly touched by his teacher’s words，he did lots of things to help his classmates.(过去分词作状语)

→Greatly touched by his teacher’s words，he did lots of things to help his classmates.

2．Turned down many times，the man didn’t lose heart.(让步状语从句)

→Although/Though/While he was turned down many times，the man didn’t lose heart.

3．When I looked out of the window，I saw some students playing there.(动词-ing形式作状语)

→Looking out of the window，I saw some students playing there.

4．If I make more efforts，I will make much more progress in English.(动词-ing形式作状语)

→Making more efforts，I will make much more progress in English.

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．Delighted to learn that you have made some progress in Chinese learning，I am writing to inform you of the arrangement of our next lesson.

得知你在汉语学习方面取得了一些进步，我很高兴。我写信告诉你我们下节课的安排。

2．Tom was a little nervous，lowering his head，and couldn’t help trembling.