Unit 4 Journey across a vast land 单元检测卷(四)（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（人教版）

单元检测卷。四第一节。听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。Text one, i'm arranging a meeting to discuss our Prices. Is the twenty eighth any good for you? sorry. No, I can't do that or the following day. What about the twenty second? It'll have to be we need to announce the new Prices before the twenty third. Text too. I'm so tired. I spent all last night thinking about the graduation speech. Have to give in a couple of days. Come on. And it's exciting opportunity to speak before the whole school. Text three, wow, your dad is a great job. He made the oldest bike in town. Look new. People may think your bike is more expensive than mine. You know, that goes faster than your bike. Now. I don't think so. Let's raise and see. Text for I found you last night, but you didn't answer. Perhaps I was listening to some music when you rang. What time did you call me . at about eight thirty? Ah, I remember I was talking to my friend jet. Then he was doing some work near my house, and he decided to come and see me. Text five oh, no, look at all this water on the floor. Is the sink broken or is there anything wrong with a washing machine? No, they're not broken. But look, we have to throw away all the food in the fridge. 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第六段材料，回答第六、七题。Text six, come here, lily. Was your first lecture interesting? sure. The hall was packed there. Simply warned enough seats. In hall five, there were people everywhere. Was jack with you? No, I saw him with a pile of books in the library as I walked past. You haven't seen him because you've been here in the restaurant drinking coffee all morning. not me. I've been here reading for my paper on education. Very interesting. IT was easier than i'd expected. I should have been at the gym training for my next race, but that will have to wait. Come here, lily. Was your first lecture interesting? sure. The hall was packed there. Simply warned enough seats in hall five, there were people everywhere. Was jack with you? No, I saw him with a pile of books in the library as I walked past. You haven't seen him because you've been here in the restaurant drinking coffee all morning. not me. I ve been here reading for my paper on education. Very interesting. IT was easier than i'd expected. I should have been at the gym training for my next race, but that will have to wait. 听第七段材料，回答第8至10题。Text seven, good morning. Can I help you? Good morning. I think there should be a room booked for me in the name of tony Marshall. Um just a moment. Yes, a single room. That's right. We're attending a conference here. Yes, is IT from the fourth to the thirteenth. right? Yes, until the thirteen th. right. mr. Marshall, you are in room at two o seven. Thank you very much. Do you have a guide book of manchester? I want to go out later. Yes, here you are. And can you recommend any good places to eat? I'm hungry now. Why don't you try chinatown? There are plenty of good chinese restaurants there. Oh, I love chinese food. thanks. Good morning. Can I help you? Good morning. I think there should be a room booked for me in the name of tony Marshall. Um just a moment. Yes, a single room. That's right. We're attending a conference here. yes. Is IT from the fourth to the thirteenth. right? Yes, until the thirteen th. right. mr. Marshall, you are in room at two o seven. Thank you very much. Do you have a guide book of manchester? I want to go out later. Yes, here you are. And can you recommend any good places to eat? I'm hungry now. Why don't you try chinatown? There are plenty of good chinese restaurants there. Oh, I love chinese food. thanks. 听第八段材料，回答第11至13题。Text eight hello, could I speak to jake please? Sorry, he's not at his desk. This is Laura, his assistant. Do you want to leave a message? yeah. Could you tell him the meaning has been put off till next thursday instead of next wednesday? That's a thursday, the eighth, right? No, the eighth is next friday. Thursday is the seventh. And there should be thirteen people coming from the new york office. Is that one three or three zero. one three thirteen? And could you also tell him that we can test out the software beforehand? Can I just check? I've got everything over. thanks. Meeting on thursday, the seventh, thirteen people coming. Not test beforehand. That's IT. Sorry, I wasted all your time. I could have just sent him an email. No problem. Oh, i've just remembered you haven't given me your name. Hello, could I speak to jake please? Sorry, he's not at his desk. This is Laura, his assistant. Do you want to leave a message? yeah. Could you tell him the mining has been put off till next thursday instead of next wednesday? That's thursday, the eighth, right? No, the eighth is next friday. Thursday is the seventh. And there should be thirteen people coming from the new york office. Is that one three or three zero. one three thirteen? And could you also tell him that we can test out the software beforehand? Can I just check? I've got everything over. thanks. Meeting on thursday, the seventh, thirteen people coming. Not test beforehand. That's IT. Sorry, I wasted all your time. I could have just sent him an email. No problem. Oh, i've just remembered you haven't given me your name. 听第九段材料，回答第14至16题。Text nine, I saw you on the news last night, jack. So tell me what happened. I was walking alone on the beach when I heard someone calling out for help. I looked up and saw a little boy up on the Cliff stuck there. What did you do then? Well, my first thought was to run and get help, but the boy was crying, looking as if he would fall off the Cliff at any moment. So I climbed up to get him down. The rocks were very loose, you know, and I even slipped a couple of times. Sounds scary. What happened next? I reached the boy, but couldn't get him down. We were . both stuck. So what did you do? Well, I called for help. Pretty soon. There was a small crowd on the beach, but no one knew what to do. And then someone called the coasts rescue service. wow, that was really adventurous. I saw you on the news last night, jack. So tell me what happened? Well, I was walking alone on the beach when I heard someone calling out for help. I looked up and saw a little boy up on the Cliff stuck there. What did you do then? Well, my first thought was to run and get help, but the boy was crying, looking as if he would fall off the Cliff at any moment. So I climbed up to get him down. The rocks were very loose, you know, and I even slipped a couple of times. Sounds scary. What happened next? I reached the boy, but couldn't get him down. We were . both stuck. So what did you do? Well, I called for help. Pretty soon. There was a small crowd on the beach, but no one knew what to do. And then someone called the coast rescue service. wow, that was really adventurous. 听第十段材料，回答第17至20题。Text ten, let me tell you about a trip that's arranged for later this year. It's to cardiff, the capital of whales, and it's a very exciting city. This trip will be of particular interest to those of you who are studying history at school, though if there are any spare places other people can go to, we'll spend a full day in cardiff in the morning theyll be a tour of Carter castle, which includes part of a roman wall that's two thousand years old. Then you'll join in an activity that i'll teach you about medicine in the period when much of the castle was built the middle ages. In the afternoon, we'll meet a member of cardiff city council. He'll talk to us about various projects for protecting wildlife and show us some of the improvements over the last few years. He spends a lot of his time talking to the public about what they can do to help now for some practical things. We'll leave here on the twenty second of june and get back to school on the twenty fourth. We'll travel by coach to swinging and take the train from there to care of. The whole journey will take around two hours, and we'll spend two nights in a hotel. The sports fans among you will be happy about that as it's close to cardiff s famous stadium. Let me tell you about a trip that's arranged for later this year. It's too cardiff, the capital of whales, and it's a very exciting city. This trip will be of particular interest to those of you who are studying history at school, though, if there are any spare places other people can go to, we'll spend a full day in cardiff in the morning theyll be a tour of Carter castle, which includes part of a roman wall that's two thousand years old. Then you'll join in an activity that you'll teach you about medicine in the period when much of the castle was built the middle ages. In the afternoon, we'll meet a member of cardiff city council. He'll talk to us about various projects for protecting wildlife and show us some of the improvements over the last few years. He spends a lot of his time talking to the public about what they can do to help now for some practical things. We'll leave here on the twenty second of june and get back to school on the twenty fourth. We'll travel by coach to sweden and take the train from there to care of. The whole journey will take around two hours, and we'll spend two nights in a hotel. The sports fans among you will be happy about that as it's close to cardiff s famous stadium. 第二节到此结束。 单元检测卷(四) 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节　(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．When will the meeting be held? A．On 21st. 　B．On 22nd. 　　C．On 23rd. 2．How does the woman feel about her speech? A．Confident. 　B．Excited. 　　C．Nervous. 3．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．The man’s dad. B．A bike race. C．The man’s bike. 4．Why didn’t the woman answer the call last night? A．She was listening to music. B．She was talking to a friend. C．She was doing some work. 5．What does the woman mean? A．The fridge is broken. B．There isn’t much food in the fridge. C．The man should deal with the water on the floor. 第二节　(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．Where does the conversation take place? A．In a hall. B．In a restaurant. C．In a library. 7．What has the man been doing all morning? A．Preparing for his paper. B．Doing some training. C．Drinking coffee. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8．Why does the man come to the woman? A．To check in. B．To book a room. C．To change a room. 9．How long will the man stay? A．Three days. B．Ten days. C．Thirteen days. 10．What will the man do later? A．Attend a conference. B．Buy a guidebook. C．Have a meal. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11．What relation is Jake to the woman? A．Her husband. B．Her boss. C．Her secretary. 12．What do we know about the message? A．Thirteen people from New York will attend the meeting. B．The meeting will be held on the eighth. C．The software will be tested in advance. 13．What does the woman ask the man to do in the end? A．Offer his name. B．Send an email. C．Confirm the information. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14．What is the woman asking about? A．Jack’s holiday on the seaside. B．The boy rescued from danger. C．The adventure that happened the day before. 15．What happened to the little boy? A．He was badly hurt. B．He fell off the cliff. C．He was stuck on the cliff. 16．Who actually rescued the boy? A．Jack. B．The Coast Rescue Service. C．The people nearby. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．Who is the speaker talking to? A．Students. 　B．Athletes. 　C．Historians. 18．What will the listeners visit in the morning? A．Wildlife park. B．Cardiff Council Building. C．Cardiff Castle. 19．What will the member of Cardiff City Council do? A．Talk about medicine in ancient days. B．Introduce the history of a Roman wall. C．Show improvements in wildlife protection. 20．What do we know about the trip? A．The whole journey takes three hours. B．People will stay in a hotel for two nights. C．Cardiff’s famous stadium is the destination. 答案　1.B　2.C　3.C　4.B　5.A　6.B　7.A　8．A　9.B　10.C　11.B　12.A　13.A　14.C 15．C　16.B　17.A　18.C　19.C　20.B 听力材料 Text 1 M：I’m arranging a meeting to discuss our prices.Is the 20th any good for you? W：Sorry，no.I can’t do that or the following day.What about the 22nd? M：It’ll have to be.We need to announce the new prices before the 23rd. Text 2 W：I’m so tired.I spent all last night thinking about the graduation speech I have to give in a couple of days. M：Come on！You’ll be fine.And it’s an exciting opportunity to speak before the whole school. Text 3 W：Wow! Your dad did a great job! He made the oldest bike in town look new.People may think your bike is more expensive than mine. M：You know it goes faster than your bike now. W：I don’t think so.Let’s race and see. Text 4 M：I phoned you last night，but you didn’t answer. W：Perhaps I was listening to some music when you rang.What time did you call me? M：At about 8∶30. W：Ah，I remember I was talking to my friend Jed then.He was doing some work near my house and he decided to come and see me. Text 5 M：Oh，no！Look at all this water on the floor! Is the sink broken? Or is there anything wrong with the washing machine? W：No，they’re not broken.But look，we have to throw away all the food in the fridge. Text 6 M：Come here，Lily.Was your first lecture interesting? W：Sure.The hall was packed! There simply weren’t enough seats in Hall 5—there were people everywhere. M：Was Jack with you? W：No.I saw him with a pile of books in the library as I walked past.You haven’t seen him because you’ve been here in the restaurant drinking coffee all morning. M：Not me! I’ve been here reading for my paper on education—very interesting.It was easier than I’d expected.I should have been at the gym training for my next race，but that will have to wait. Text 7 W：Good morning.Can I help you? M：Good morning.I think there should be a room booked for me，in the name of Tony Marshall. W：Umm，just a moment.Yes，a single room? M：That’s right.We’re attending a conference here. W：Yes.Is it from the fourth to the thirteenth，right? M：Yes，until the thirteenth. W：Right.Mr Marshall，you are in Room 207. M：Thank you very much.Do you have a guidebook of Manchester? I want to go out later. W：Yes，here you are. M：And can you recommend any good places to eat? I’m hungry now. W：Why don’t you try Chinatown? There are plenty of good Chinese restaurants there. M：Oh，I love Chinese food.Thanks. Text 8 M：Hello.Could I speak to Jake，please? W：Sorry，he’s not at his desk.This is Laura，his assistant.Do you want to leave a message? M：Yeah.Could you tell him the meeting has been put off till next Thursday instead of next Wednesday? W：That’s Thursday the eighth，right? M：No，the eighth is next Friday.Thursday is the seventh，and there should be thirteen people coming from the New York office. W：Is that one three or three zero? M：One three，thirteen.And could you also tell him that we can’t test out the software beforehand? W：Can I just check I’ve got everything? M：Sure，thanks. W：Meeting on Thursday the seventh，thirteen people coming，not test beforehand. M：That’s it.Sorry，I wasted all your time.I could have just sent him an email. W：No problem.Oh，I’ve just remembered you haven’t given me your name! Text 9 W：I saw you on the news last night，Jack.So tell me what happened? M：Well，I was walking alone on the beach when I heard someone calling out for help.I looked up，and saw a little boy up on the cliff，stuck there. W：What did you do then? M：Well，my first thought was to run and get help，but the boy was crying，looking as if he would fall off the cliff at any moment.So I climbed up to get him down.The rocks were very loose，you know，and I even slipped a couple of times. W：Sounds scary.What happened next? M：I reached the boy but couldn’t get him down.We were both stuck. W：So what did you do? M：Well，I called for help.Pretty soon there was a small crowd on the beach but no one knew what to do.And then someone called the Coast Rescue Service. W：Wow! That was really adventurous. Text 10 M：Let me tell you about a trip that’s arranged for later this year.It’s to Cardiff，the capital of Wales，and it’s a very exciting city.This trip will be of particular interest to those of you who are studying history at school，though if there are any spare places，other people can go too.We’ll spend a full day in Cardiff.In the morning there’ll be a tour of Cardiff Castle, which includes part of a Roman wall that’s 2,000 years old.Then you’ll join in an activity that’ll teach you about medicine in the period when much of the castle was built，the Middle Ages.In the afternoon we’ll meet a member of Cardiff City Council.He’ll talk to us about various projects for protecting wildlife，and show us some of the improvements over the last few years.He spends a lot of his time talking to the public about what they can do to help.Now for some practical things.We’ll leave here on the twenty-second of June and get back to school on the twenty-fourth.We’ll travel by coach to Swindon，and take the train from there to Cardiff—the whole journey will take around two hours.And we’ll spend two nights in a hotel.The sports fans among you will be happy about that，as it’s close to Cardiff’s famous stadium. 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节　(共15 小题；每小题2.5分，满分 37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A Tour Around Berlin What’s Included： •Free packed lunch •Comfortable air-conditioned cars •4-star hand-picked hotels，and also be open to your own choice •An English-speaking driver guide，experienced and knowledgeable Day 1: Berlin-Potsdam-Berlin Located 27 kilometers southwest of Berlin，Potsdam is an old city and famous for its wonderful gardens.You will also see the classic sights of Potsdam，such as Hollandisches Viertel and the Russian Colony Alexandrovka.You will tour it under the guidance of the guide.When today’s plan for our Berlin trip is over，we will return to the hotel in Berlin. Day 2: Berlin-Meissen Today，you will visit Meissen，located in the charming Elbe Valley.During the tour，you will learn about Meissen’s long history by touring the oldest Porcelain(瓷器) Manufactory in Europe，as well as the museum and production room inside. Day 3: Meissen-Dresden Drive to Dresden to enjoy beautiful Baroque buildings in both new and old parts of Dresden City.The historic old town center has many palace buildings.The Residential Palace，which is the Baroque wonder of the greatest treasure house of jewelry in Europe，is one of them. Day 4: Dresden-Weimar-Berlin The next destination of our trip around Berlin is Weimar.We’ll see the city landmark—the commemorative(纪念的) images of Goethe and Schiller，Germany’s most famous poets.Many ancient buildings in this city are listed as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.We will need 2 hours to visit this city. 21．What is available on the tour? A．A night’s stay in Potsdam. B．Personalized private routes. C．The presence of a tour guide. D．Three meals free of charge. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据What’s Included部分中“An English-speaking driver guide”可知，柏林周边四天旅行有导游陪同。故选C。 22．What is special about Meissen? A．Its Baroque buildings. B．Its wonderful gardens. C．Its great collection of jewelry. D．Its long history of porcelain making. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Day 2：Berlin-Meissen部分“...you will learn about Meissen’s long history by touring the oldest Porcelain(瓷器)Manufactory in Europe”可知，迈森的独特之处在于其瓷器制作历史悠久。故选D。 23．Which city is most probably favored by poetry lovers? A．Weimar. B．Dresden. C．Meissen. D．Potsdam. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据Day 4：Dresden-Weimar-Berlin部分中“...the commemorative(纪念的) images of Goethe and Schiller，Germany’s most famous poets.”可推知，诗歌爱好者最有可能喜欢参观魏玛。故选A。 B As a child，I was a slow learner when it came to physical skills.Perhaps this was why I got angry when a friend suggested that I try stand-up paddleboarding(站立式划桨)．My fear was that my ability to learn a new physical skill had not improved with the passing decades. However，stand-up paddleboarding had already caught my eye.During visits to Maine lakes，I had seen many people delightedly practicing it under a warm sun.It looked so easy and fun，as the only thing it needed was the ability to stand up，right? In a burst of optimism，I bought a paddleboard and，with my friend Mike，headed for a lake deep in the Maine woods，out of sight of potential critics.After setting the paddleboard on the water，athletic Mike generously offered to test it out.He jumped on it successfully on the first try.Then it was my turn.I began by kneeling(跪) upon the shaky paddleboard and after a while，slowly and carefully，I tried to stand but immediately fell into the water.I tried it again，but again I failed. The act of falling reminded me that learning was an energy-consuming effort.New physical skills might be more difficult to acquire later in life，but I believed that adults had an advantage over children.The effort，together with the built-in understanding that falling is part of the process，is accompanied by faith born of experience.After countless failures，I finally stood upright on the paddleboard and I had never been so happy about the simple act of standing up. Now，I’m one of those enjoying the fun of stand-up paddleboarding under a brilliant sky.Maybe someone on the shore will point at me and remark，“How does he do that？” I already have my response.Practice may not always make perfect，but it certainly makes possible. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己学习站立式划桨的过程告诉我们：熟不一定能生巧，但一定能使之成为可能。 24．What led the author to try stand-up paddleboarding? A．Interest. B．Pressure. C．Loneliness. D．Patience. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“However，stand-up paddleboarding had already caught my eye.”和“It looked so easy and fun”可推知，兴趣驱使作者尝试站立式划桨。故选A。 25．Why did the author head for a remote lake? A．Mike had a preference for the place. B．He had a bad relationship with critics. C．The lake was a perfect place for practice. D．He hoped to practice without being judged. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“headed for a lake deep in the Maine woods，out of sight of potential critics”可知，作者前往一个偏僻的湖泊是因为他希望在不被评判的情况下练习。故选D。 26．What lesson did the author learn from the act of falling? A．Adults always have an advantage over children. B．Falling is unavoidable in the process of learning. C．Physical skills are hard to acquire for the young. D．Learning is a process with little effort and input. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“The effort，together with the built-in understanding that falling is part of the process，is accompanied by faith born of experience.”可推知，作者从摔倒这个动作了解到在学习的过程中摔倒是不可避免的。故选B。 27．Which of the following can best describe the author? A．Independent and athletic. B．Competent and innocent. C．Optimistic and determined. D．Enthusiastic and generous. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“In a burst of optimism，I bought a paddleboard”可知，作者是乐观的；根据第四段中“After countless failures，I finally stood upright on the paddleboard”可知，作者是个坚定的人。故选C。 C Willpower might be key to getting off the couch to exercise，but bacteria may lend a helping hand.Studies in mice suggest microbes(微生物) in the gut(肠道) may be behind differences in the desire to work out. To explore why some people like to exercise and others don’t，microbiologist Christoph Thaiss studied mice bred to have a lot of genetic and behavioral variation.His team found huge differences in how far the mice ran on wheels in their cages. The active and lazy mice didn’t show any significant differences in their genetics.But the researchers did notice one clue: When treated with antibiotics(抗生素)，mice that were normally highly energetic tended to exercise less.Follow-up studies showed the antibiotic treatment affected the brains of the formerly active mice.The activity of certain brain genes declined，along with levels of dopamine(多巴胺)，a material linked to “runner’s high”—the sense of well-being that comes with more exercise. The team also found that “bacteria-free” mice，which lack gut bacteria，become more active when given some of the gut microbes from energetic mice.It appears those bacteria send a signal that interferes with a material responsible for breaking down dopamine in the brain，causing the material to build up in the brain’s reward center. Will the finding hold in people? Studies have found that marathoners have high levels of a particular gut microbe，suggesting an exercise connection in people.And much work has proved the key role dopamine plays in motivating overall behavior.As Christoph Thaiss puts it，“This reward system is such a central aspect of physiology that it’s something almost certainly true in other mammals—including humans.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，肠道中的微生物可能是锻炼欲望差异的背后原因。 28．What may contribute to the differences in mice’s desire to run? A．Microbes. B．Brain. C．Gut. D．Genes. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段末句“Studies in mice suggest microbes(微生物) in the gut(肠道) may be behind differences in the desire to work out.”可知，是微生物影响着老鼠的跑步欲望。故选A。 29．What can we know about dopamine from the paragraph 3? A．It affects the height of running mice. B．It controls the activity of certain brain genes. C．It is produced less when treated with antibiotics. D．It is the sense of well-being coming with exercise. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Follow-up studies showed the antibiotic treatment affected the brains of the formerly active mice.The activity of certain brain genes declined，along with levels of dopamine(多巴胺)...”可知，当使用抗生素治疗时，多巴胺会减少。故选C。 30．What’s the structure of the text? ①＝Para.1；②＝Para.2；③＝Para.3；④＝Para.4；⑤＝Para.5 A．①②—③—④⑤ B．①②—③—④—⑤ C．①—②—③④⑤ D．①—②③④—⑤ 答案　D 解析　篇章结构题。分析全文可知，文章第一段整体概括了文章主题，第二至四段介绍了研究过程和发现，第五段对研究进行了总结，所以文章属于总分总的结构。故选D。 31．What field is more likely to benefit from the study? A．Chemistry. B．Medicine. C．Food. D．Ecology. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知，一项研究表明，肠道中的微生物可能是锻炼欲望差异的背后原因，所以医学领域更有可能从这项研究中受益。故选B。 D Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and，at the same time，help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected，the more railway safety，reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies，drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways，detecting faults in the rail or switches，before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks，drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train，and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元，这将改变铁路的未来。 32．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones. C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据后文“...maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，maintenance指的是“检查和维修”，故选C。 33．What can we learn from the passage? A．The frequency of drones has nothing to do with railway safety. B．Maintenance and design costs can be hugely reduced by using drones. C．Drones cannot offer protection to the rail crews. D．Drones will be able to provide early warnings. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“With their ability to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.”可知，无人机能够提前提供警告信号，以便列车及时作出反应。故选D。 34．What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of the rail drones? A．Indifferent. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Not mentioned. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据文章第一段中“That is the very likely future of applying today’s ‘eyes in the sky’ technology...are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.”和最后一段可推知，作者对无人机在铁路运营领域的应用前景是积极乐观的。故选C。 35．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据文章主题段第一段以及后文介绍的无人机的使用将如何改变铁路的运行可知，A项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”符合文章中心思想，最适合作本文的标题。故选A。 第二节　(共5小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cell phone skins are fun and decorative ways to add style to cell phones，while also offering a small amount of protection.They are not the same as cell phone cases(手机壳)，which are usually more focused on function and less on style.The skin is attached directly to the surface of the cell phone. 36 The typical phone skin is made from vinyl(乙烯基)． 37 So it is possible to buy skins that are solid-colored or make use of a number of different color combinations. 38 It means you can buy several different ones and change the look of your phone to match the occasion.For example，they can be used to decorate the phone for holidays，seasons of the year，special events such as birthdays，and any other occasion that can be imagined. Cell phone skins are relatively inexpensive.So it is easy to buy several different models and change the look of the phone，just like many people matching shoes or jewelry to their clothing. 39 For example，they can fit flip phones(翻盖手机) and phones with sliding keyboards. Many companies today that sell phone skins carry a wide range of colors and types. 40 Some producers can create ones featuring company signs.Some producers can take original designs developed by customers and use them to create unique skins.While more expensive than ordinary skins，the specially-made types are still usually affordable. A．Decorative cell phone skins are removable. B．But it’s also possible to order a special design. C．Cell phone skins can protect your phone from dirt. D．So you may choose skin types that best suit your needs. E．It gives a more unique look than most cases can manage. F．The material can use a wide range of colors in the design. G．Today，cell phone skins are made to fit about every type of cell phone. 36．答案　E 解析　此空设于段尾，与上文存在指代及递进关系。根据空前一句可知，手机膜可以直接贴在手机表面，因此与大多数手机壳相比，手机膜让手机拥有更独特的外观。E项符合语境，选项中的It指代上文中的The skin。故选E。 37．答案　F 解析　此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系并与下文存在因果关系。F项中的“The material”指代上文提到的“vinyl”，并与下文构成因果关系，故选F。 38．答案　A 解析　此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。根据本段内容可知，用户可以根据场合需要更换手机膜。A项能够概括本段主旨大意，说明手机膜是可更换的。故选A。 39．答案　G 解析　此空设于段中，与下文存在解释关系。根据空后一句可知，手机膜适用于各种机型的手机，例如，翻盖手机和带滑动键盘的手机。后文是对G选项的举例说明，故选G。 40．答案　B 解析　此空设于段中，与上文存在转折关系并引出下文。上文提到许多售卖手机膜的公司产品品类丰富，下文说明用户也可以定制手机膜。B项承上启下，说明手机膜公司可提供特殊设计。故选B。 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节　(共15 小题；每小题1分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 As we get older and advance in our education，the more teachers we have come into our lives.At some point，it becomes 41 to remember every single one that we’ve had. 42 as it might be，there are some teachers who have a very 43 impact on their students’ lives.Retired kindergarten teacher Jane Pearson is a great 44 . Jane was recently relaxing in a chair outside of her home when suddenly a group of high schoolers 45 to her in graduation gowns.All of them 46 to her as they stood behind her white fence.At first，she seemed confused，but upon closer inspection she 47 that those teenagers used to be her students. 48 ，they weren’t just any students. These particular kids hold a very unusual place in her heart: They were her students from the 49 kindergarten class 13 years ago when she retired! As soon as she 50 those faces，she rushed to hug them all. “Oh dear，I love you all！” Jane was touched with the 51 .All of them were excited to share their pleasant 52 ，laughing and crying now and then. Jane taught in the same kindergarten classroom for over 38 years and after seeing her sweet reaction to her students’ 53 ，we’re sure these aren’t the only students she 54 ！ No matter how much time passes，there are just some 55 people that leave a mark in our lives forever，just as Jane did with these students. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述退休的幼儿园教师Jane Pearson和她的学生重聚的故事，告诉我们不管时间过了多久，总会有一些了不起的人在我们的生命中留下永远的印记。 41．A.awful B．necessary C．interesting D．difficult 答案　D 解析　awful可怕的；necessary必要的。根据空前一句可知，随着我们年龄的增长和受教育程度的提高，我们生活中出现的老师也越来越多，所以空处表明很难记住我们曾经遇到的每一位老师。故选D。 42．A.Funny B．Strange C．True D．Popular 答案　C 解析　根据上下文可知，很难记住每位老师，尽管这是真实的，但有些老师还是会对学生产生影响。故选C。 43．A.special B．worthless C．regretful D．general 答案　A 解析　special特殊的，重要的；worthless无价值的；regretful后悔的；general一般的。根据下文Jane Pearson的例子可知，有些老师会对学生产生重要的影响。故选A。 44．A.heroine B．example C．housewife D．designer 答案　B 解析　heroine女英雄；example例子；housewife家庭主妇；designer设计师。根据下文内容可知，Jane Pearson和学生们重聚的故事是作者列举的一个事例。故选B。 45．A.assisted B．interviewed C．approached D．bothered 答案　C 解析　assist帮助；interview采访；approach走近；bother打扰。根据下文“All of them to her as they stood behind her white fence.”可知，是学生们走近她，站到了她的白色栅栏后。故选C。 46．A.smiled B．complained C．pointed D．sighed 答案　A 解析　complain抱怨；point指向；sigh叹气。根据下文“those teenagers used to be her students”可知，这些人是她以前的学生，所以应该是对她微笑。故选A。 47．A.decided B．realized C．forgot D．learned 答案　B 解析　根据上文“At first，she seemed confused，but upon closer inspection”可知，Jane仔细观察后意识到这些人是自己以前教过的学生。故选B。 48．A.However B．Besides C．Therefore D．Otherwise 答案　A 解析　however然而；besides除此之外；therefore因此；otherwise否则。根据空后“they weren’t just any students”可知，空处前后为转折关系。故选A。 49．A.previous B．superior C．latest D．final 答案　D 解析　previous以前的；superior高级的；latest最新的；final最后的。根据下文“13 years ago when she retired”可知，此处指这些学生来自Jane退休前的最后一个班级。故选D。 50．A.touched B．knew C．recognized D．noticed 答案　C 解析　touch接触；recognize认出；notice注意。根据空后“she rushed to hug them all”可知，Jane认出他们是她的学生。故选C。 51．A.congratulation B．reunion C．kindness D．ceremony 答案　B 解析　congratulation祝贺；reunion重聚；kindness善良；ceremony仪式。根据上文可知，学生们来看望Jane，这是师生的一次重聚。故选B。 52．A.lectures B．experiences C．honors D．trips 答案　B 解析　lecture讲座；experience经历；honor荣誉；trip旅程。根据下文“laughing and crying now and then”可知，他们分享了各自的经历。故选B。 53．A.relief B．credit C．delight D．surprise 答案　D 解析　 relief宽慰；credit赞扬；delight高兴；surprise惊讶，惊喜。根据上文学生们穿着毕业礼服来看望她可知，这是学生们给她准备的惊喜。故选D。 54．A.looked forward to B．took pride in C．got connected with D．had effects on 答案　D 解析　look forward to期盼；take pride in以……为豪；get connected with联系；have effects on对……有影响。根据第一段的“there are some teachers who have a very impact on their students’ lives”可知，此处指对学生产生影响。故选D。 55．A.amazing B．amusing C．curious D．confident 答案　A 解析　amazing令人惊喜的，了不起的；amusing有趣的；curious好奇的；confident自信的。根据下文“leave a mark in our lives forever”可知，此处指了不起的人。故选A。 第二节　(共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2024·河北衡水中学高二期末) Against a backdrop of misty green forests and with its buildings on silts(桩) above the River Tuo，Fenghuang is a picturesque place to spend a day or two.Its winding alleys，lined with traditional shops，lead 56. narrow wooden bridges and stepping-stones that cross the river. Although the town can get 57. (extreme) busy with continual tour groups，it has managed 58. (preserve) much of its traditional architecture.Wandering off the main streets 59. (allow) you to get a sense of what it would have been like before the tourists began to visit and taste the local 60. (special) including bamboo rat，frog and snake. Fenghuang itself does have a section of rebuilt Ming city walls 61. (run) along its river bank，but it’s the Miaojiang Great Wall that is the main draw here.Built in 1554，during the Ming Dynasty’s defence against the Miao，the wall 62. (destroy) partly by Miao ethnic group and then rebuilt under the Qing rulers,63. also sought to strengthen their power through 64. control of China’s southern minorities.Nowadays only a section is 65. (access)，but it’s still an impressive sight，offering great views of the surrounding countryside. 56．答案　to 解析　考查介词。lead to“通向……”，为固定短语。故填to。 57．答案　extremely 解析　考查副词。此处为副词修饰形容词busy。故填extremely。 58．答案　to preserve 解析　考查非谓语动词。manage to do“设法，努力做某事”，此处为动词不定式作宾语。故填to preserve。 59．答案　allows 解析　考查动词时态及主谓一致。此处描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时；动名词短语Wandering...作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填allows。 60．答案　specials 解析　考查名词复数。此处special为名词，意为“特色菜”，分析句子可知，此处应该用复数表泛指。故填specials。 61．答案　running 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰Ming city walls，与run为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填running。 62．答案　was destroyed 解析　考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。the wall和动词destroy构成逻辑上的被动关系，由时间状语“during the Ming Dynasty’s defence against the Miao”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为单数。故填was destroyed。 63．答案　who 解析　考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是the Qing rulers，指人。故填who。 64．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。此处表示特指的概念“南方少数民族的控制”。故填the。 65．答案　accessible 解析　考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语，表示“可进入的”。故填accessible。 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节　(满分15分) 假定你是李华，你校英文报“文化与体验”栏目正在举办主题为“一次难忘的旅行经历”的征文比赛，请你写一篇文章投稿，内容如下： 1．旅途的见闻与你的感受； 2．你的收获与感悟。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．标题已给出，不计入总词数。 An Unforgettable Travel Experience 参考范文 An Unforgettable Travel Experience I like travelling and I have been to many places，and the trip to Sanya is really unforgettable for me. I went to Sanya with my classmates last summer.The water was cool，and walking in the water was such a great joy that I didn’t want to stop.And then，I went to swim in the blue sea，which was very relaxing.After that，I played sand on the beach with my classmates.We made a sand castle and collected some beautiful shells.We also took a lot of pictures of it.It was really beautiful there. It was an unforgettable trip and we all felt very happy and excited.Not only did this trip allow me to relax and broaden my mind，but it also enhanced the friendship between me and my classmates.I look forward to going there again. 第二节　(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Every afternoon，as they were coming from school，the children used to go and play in the Giant’s garden.It was a large lovely garden，with soft green grass.The birds sat on the trees and sang.One day the Giant came back after visiting his friend.When he arrived he saw the children playing in the garden.“What are you doing here？” he cried in a very gruff(粗哑) voice，and the children ran away. “My own garden is my own garden，” said the Giant，“I will allow nobody to play in it but myself.” So he built a high wall all round it，and put up a notice board—INVADER WILL BE ACCUSED. Then the Spring came，and all over the country there were little blossoms and little birds.Only in the garden of the Giant it was still winter.The birds did not care to sing in it as there were no children，and the trees forgot to blossom. The only people who were pleased were the Snow and the Frost.“Spring has forgotten this garden，” they cried，“so we will live here all the year round.” The Snow covered up the grass with her great white cloak(披风)，and the Frost painted all the trees silver.“I cannot understand why the Spring is so late in coming，” said the Giant，as he sat at the window and looked out at his cold white garden. The Spring never came，nor the Summer.It was always Winter there，and the Frost and the Snow danced about through the trees.One morning the Giant was lying awake in bed when he heard some lovely music.It sounded so sweet to his ears that he thought it must be the King’s musicians passing by.It was really only a little linnet(红雀) singing outside his window，but it was so long since he had heard a bird sing in his garden that it seemed to him to be the most beautiful music in the world.“I believe the Spring has come at last，” said the Giant and he jumped out of bed to have a look outside. 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 Surprisingly，he saw a most wonderful sight. With these words in mind，the Giant decided to help the crying boy. 参考范文 Surprisingly，he saw a most wonderful sight.In the branches of the trees were sitting little children.The trees were so glad that they had covered themselves with blossoms.The birds were flying about twittering with delight.The flowers were looking up through the green grass laughing.In a corner remained winter and a little boy was crying bitterly for he could not reach up to the branches of the tree.“How selfish I have been！” he said.“Now I know why the Spring would not come here.I will put that poor little boy on the top of the tree.” With these words in mind，the Giant decided to help the crying boy.Stepping into the garden，the Giant saw the children all running away in fear.Only the little boy did not run，for he was too sad to notice him coming.The Giant approached，took him gently in his hand and put him up into the tree.Suddenly，the tree broke into blossom and the birds came and sang.Seeing this，the other children ran back and with them came the Spring.“It is your garden now，little children，” said the Giant and he took a great axe and knocked down the wall. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $