Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语词汇学习核心知识点，系统梳理27个重点词汇及短语、31个拓展词汇（含词性转换与派生词）和7个阅读词汇，构建“基础词汇-拓展延伸-语境应用-练习巩固”的学习支架，助力学生夯实词汇基础并掌握词形变化规律。 资料通过词根词缀解析、搭配用法及写作佳句示例，帮助学生构建词汇网络，提升语言运用能力。“一词多义”“熟词生义”板块引导多角度理解词汇，培养思维灵活性，课中辅助教师讲解，课后训练助力学生巩固知识、弥补薄弱环节。

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．recall vi.& vt.记起；回想起 2．cite vt.引用；引述 3．culture shock 文化冲击 4．zone n．(有别于周围的)地区；地带；区域 5．comfort zone 舒适区；舒适范围 6．insight n．洞察力；眼光 7．setting n．环境；背景；(小说等的)情节背景 8．grasp vt.理解；领会；抓紧 9．expense n．费用；花费；开销 10．deny vt.否认；否定；拒绝 11．gain vt.获得；赢得；取得；增加 n．好处；增加 12．angle n．角；角度；立场 13．belt n．腰带；地带 14．initiative n．倡议；新方案 15．budget n．预算 16．outcome n．结果；效果 17．participate in 参加；参与 18．speak up 大声点说；明确表态 19．feel at home 舒服自在；不拘束 20．engage in (使)从事；参与 21．get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联 22．cost an arm and a leg (使)花一大笔钱 23．side with 支持；站在……的一边 24．as far as I know 据我所知 25．as far as I am concerned 就我而言；依我看来 26．in summary 总的来说；总之 27．generally speaking 一般来说 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．complex adj.复杂的；难懂的；(语法)复合的→complexity n．复杂性；错综复杂 2．qualification n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历→qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→qualified adj.有资格的；合格的 3．ambition n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的 4．adaptation n．适应；改编本→adapt vt.适应；改编→adaptable adj.能适应的，适应性强的 5．comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰→comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的→uncomfortable adj.不舒适的；不舒服的→comfortably adv.舒适地；舒服地 6．participation n．参加；参与→participate vi.参加；参与→participant n．参与者 7．presentation n．报告；陈述；出示；拿出→present n．现在，目前；礼物，礼品 vt.把……交给；颁发；提交；展现 adj.现在的；目前的；出席的 8．engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)→engaged adj.已订婚的；被占用的；忙于→engagement n．订婚；婚约；约会 9．involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加→involved adj.参与的；投入的→involvement n．参与；卷入；牵连 10．edition n．(报纸、杂志)一份；(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑；版次→edit v．编辑→editor n．主编；编辑 11．overwhelming adj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→overwhelm vt.(常用于被动语态)使难以承受；使应接不暇；压倒 12．homesickness n．思乡病；乡愁→homesick adj.想家的；思乡的 13．motivated adj.积极的；主动的→motivation n．动力；积极性；动机→motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励 14．advisor n．(also -ser)顾问→advise vi.& vt.劝告；建议→advice n．忠告；建议 15．reasonable adj.有道理的；合情理的→unreasonable adj.不合理的；不公正的→reasonably adv.合理地；公平合理地；适度地 16．expectation n．期望；预期；期待→expect vt.期待；期望；预计→unexpected adj.出乎意料的→unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地；意外地 17．applicant n．申请人→apply v．申请；运用；适用；涂；敷→application n．申请；申请表；申请书；运用；使用 18．firm n．公司；商行；事务所 adj.结实的；牢固的；坚定的→firmly adv. 坚定地；牢牢地 19．exposure n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露→expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；易受攻击的 20．departure n．离开；启程；出发→depart vi. 离开；启程；出发 21．dramatic adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的→dramatically adv. 剧烈地；戏剧性地；引人注目地→drama n．戏剧 22．behave vt.表现 vi.& vt.表现得体；有礼貌→behaviour/behavior n．行为；举止；表现 23．surroundings n．[pl.] 环境；周围的事物→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surround vt.围绕；环绕；包围 24．mature adj.成熟的→maturity n．成熟 25．depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的→depress vt.使沮丧；使忧愁→depressing adj.令人沮丧的→depression n．抑郁；萧条期 26．strengthen vi.& vt.加强；增强；巩固→strong adj.强壮的；强大的→strength n．体力；力气；力量；强度；优点；长处 27．optimistic adj.乐观的→optimist n．乐观主义者→optimism n．乐观主义 28．competence n．能力；胜任；本领→competent adj. 有能力的；称职的 29．cooperate vi.合作；协作；配合→cooperative adj.合作的；协作的→cooperation n．合作；配合 30．sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地→sincere adj.真诚的；诚实的→sincerity n．真诚；诚挚 31．logical adj.合乎逻辑的；合情合理的→logically adv.合乎逻辑地→illogical adj.不合乎逻辑的；不合理的→logic n．逻辑(学)；道理 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．Students complete projects for a personal tutor，working at home at their own pace. n.(英国大学中的)助教；导师；家庭教师 2．There will be a messenger at the airport to collect the photographs from the workers. n. 送信人；信使 3．As a result of great efforts，he has made tremendous progress in his studies. adj.巨大的；极大的 4．With China’s economy booming，Chinese people are leading a better and better life. vi.迅速发展；繁荣 5．What has happened recently has completely transformed our perspective of his initial decision.n.(思考问题的)角度；观点 6．I would like to become a people-to-people envoy of friendship between the two countries by using the Internet. n．使者；使节；代表 7．What is needed is a change from the inside，a real change in outlook and attitude. n．观点 qualification n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历 [qualify vt. & vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格 qualified adj.有资格的；合格的] •have qualifications for sth/to do sth 有……资格 •qualify sb for... 使某人具备……资格 •be qualified for...能胜任…… (1)You’d better take this training course which will qualify you for a better job. (2)He has gained qualifications to teach chemistry. Therefore，he is qualified for this important task. (qualify) [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之建议信)得知你的目标是有教数学的资格，我强烈建议你参加一门在线课程，旨在使你具备做一名数学老师的资格。我坚信将来你一定会胜任这个职位。 Learning that your ambition is to have qualifications for teaching/to teach maths，I strongly suggest that you take an online course with the aim of qualifying yourself for a maths teacher. I hold the firm belief that you are certain to be qualified for the position in the future. adaptation n．适应；改编本 [adapt vt.& vi.(使)适应；(使)适合vt.改编；改写] •make an adaptation to适应…… •adapt to适应……；适合…… adapt oneself to...使自己适应…… adapt sth for...把……改编成…… adapt sth from...根据……改编…… (1)The ambitious and gifted novelist’s first novel was adapted for television last year. (2)I am writing to sincerely ask you to help us polish our English short play adapted(adapt) from our English text. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之建议信)如果你能参加一些汉语口语的在线课程，这将是一个好主意，这会有助于你适应中国的语言环境。 It could be a good idea if you could take some online courses of spoken Chinese，which can help you to adapt (yourself) to the Chinese language environment/make an adaptation to the Chinese language environment. comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安慰；抚慰(comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的uncomfortable adj.不舒适的；不舒服的comfortably adv.舒适地；舒服地) •be a comfort to sb 对某人来说是个安慰 in comfort舒适地 •comfort sb with sth 用某物安慰某人 (1)Furthermore，my ambition is to live in comfort in the suburbs of the city in the future. ＝Furthermore，my ambition is to live a comfortable(comfort) life in the suburbs of the city in the future. (2)When we come down with a cold，a cup of hot milk is a real comfort to us before going to bed. (3)I subscribe to the idea that having more money doesn’t mean that you can live comfortably(comfort)． [写作佳句] (4)(2022·浙江1月，读后续写) 我的伙伴嘴角挂着微笑，用鼓励的话安慰我：“放轻松，在我们的共同努力下，我们可以完美地完成我们的项目。” With a smile on his lips，my partner comforted me with encouraging words，“Take it easy and with our joint efforts，we can conduct our project perfectly.” presentation n．报告；陈述；出示；拿出(present n．现在，目前；礼物，礼品 v．把……交给；颁发；提交；展现 adj.现在的；目前的；出席的) •at the present time(＝at present) 目前；现在 　for the present目前；暂时 •present sth to sb＝present sb with sth 授予/颁发某人某物；把某物交给某人 •be present at出席 (1)Thanks to his generous and timely help，I can give a presentation(present) more confidently in class. (2)At present those present at the conference are sparing no effort to handle the present complex problems. 词义： n．现在，目前 adj.出席的 adj.现在的，目前的 [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之邀请信)我写信是为了真诚地邀请您出席下周五晚上7点在报告厅举行的中秋晚会。到时您将会得到一份漂亮的礼物。 I am writing to sincerely invite you to be present at the Mid-Autumn party to be held in the lecture hall at 7 p．m.next Friday.You will be presented with a beautiful present then. 用法点拨：present作前置定语时，意为“目前的，现在的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。 expectation n．期望；预期；期待(expect vt.期待；期望；预计unexpected adj. 出乎意料的unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地；意外地) •meet/answer/come to/live up to one’s expectations不负某人所望 beyond (one’s) expectations出乎(某人的)意料 •expect (sb) to do...期待(某人)做…… expect that...预料；预计…… (1)My parents expect me to be(be) admitted to a key university. As a consequence，I concentrate on studying to meet their expectations(expect)． (2)Unexpectedly(unexpected)，it was the assistant that came up with a good idea to handle the challenging problem. [写作佳句] (3)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)我漫步回到农场，期待着再次见到蜂鸟。几分钟后，它出现了，这真是出乎我的意料，我激动得难以形容。 I wandered back to the farm，expecting to meet/expecting that I would meet the hummingbird once again. A few minutes later it appeared，which was really unexpected/beyond my expectations and my excitement was beyond description. applicant n．申请人(apply v．申请；运用；适用；涂；敷application n．申请；申请表；申请书；运用；使用) apply to sb for sth 向某人申请得到某物 apply A to B 把A应用于/涂抹于B apply to sb/sth 适用于某人/某物 apply oneself to (doing) sth 专注于(做)某事；集中精力于(做)某事 apply to do sth 申请做某事 (1)Above all，we should apply what we have learnt in class to our routine life. (2)If you want to apply to be(be) a volunteer in the coming Autumn Games，you must fill in an application(apply) before May 15. (3)As far as I know，the new technology has been applied to agriculture. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之申请信)得知您正在寻找一位教学顾问，我写信向您申请这个职位。作为申请者中的一员，我保证我会集中精力完成您所给的任务。如果您能考虑我的申请，我将感激不尽。 Learning that you are looking for a teaching advisor，I am writing to apply to you for the position. Being one of the applicants，I guarantee that I will apply myself to finishing the tasks (that/which) you give me.I would be grateful if you could take my application into consideration. exposure n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露 [expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境) exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；易受攻击的] expose...to...使……暴露于……；使……体验…… be exposed to暴露于；接触 (1)There is convincing proof of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer and thus，we should avoid being exposed to sunlight in our routine life.(expose) (2)Exposure/Being exposed(expose) to art and culture can enable us to appreciate beauty around us. [写作佳句] (3)(介绍个人优势)因为我在日常生活中接触到外教，所以我可以用英语自由地与他人交流。 ①Because I expose myself to/am exposed to foreign teachers in my daily life，I can communicate freely with others in English. ②Exposed to/Exposing myself to foreign teachers in my daily life，I can communicate freely with others in English.(分词短语作状语) surroundings n．[pl.]环境；周围的事物(surround vt.环绕；包围 surrounding adj.周围的；附近的) surround...with/by...使……包围…… be surrounded by/with...被……包围 (1)As far as I am concerned，the key to success lies in trying to surround yourself with/by optimistic and creative people.Not only can the surrounding(surround) people have a positive effect on you but also you can study in better learning surroundings(surround)． [写作佳句] (2)(应用文写作之结束语)总而言之，欢迎您来我们学校，我真诚地希望您可以尽快适应新环境。 To sum up，you are welcome to our school and I sincerely hope that you can adapt to the new surroundings soon. Ⅰ.一词多义 Engage A.聘请，雇用　B.与……建立密切关系　C.吸引 1．(2023·北京)The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change，biodiversity collapse，and more. B 2．Initially，his outstanding qualities engaged my attention. C 3．His father engaged a tutor to help him to solve the maths problems once and for all. A Involve A.涉及　B.需要　C.使参加 4．It is widely acknowledged that being a good mother involves love and devotion. B 5．(2023·北京) While a routine involves repeated behaviour，it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge，as a habit is. A 6．Solid proof indicates that being involved in after-class activities can enable students to be more confident. C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．The play is an adaptation of some chapters of the book.改编本 2．Initially，I didn’t fully grasp the meaning of his words.理解 3．Ten pounds for a good dictionary seems reasonable enough.(价钱)公道的 4．My watch gains by several minutes a day. (钟、表等)走得快 训练1　Vocabulary(A) (分值：52.5分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．There is solid proof showing that the more activities a person participates in，the more brilliant he will be. 2．The teacher’s vivid description of the abstract concept engaged all the students’ attention in yesterday’s class. 3.Generally speaking，a crosstalk(相声) performance involves talking，imitating，singing and telling stories. 4．Only if he grasps every chance to practice English can he improve his competence. 5．By studying these abstract concepts，I have gained a deeper understanding of abstract physics. 6．Studying diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and gives us more insight(洞察力)． 7. As far as I am concerned，the boy behaved(表现) so well at the party. 8．No one can deny the fact that social media have strengthened(增强) our connection with each other. 9．He clearly recalls/recalled(回想起) that his mother’s kind smile made every guest feel at home. 10．I have great difficulty cooperating (合作) with the new mechanic who is so stubborn. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．Our roommate was so depressed that we comforted her with inspiring stories. 2.Generally speaking，flights should be confirmed 48 hours before departure(depart)． 3．There is no denying that I admire his optimism(optimistic) and self-confidence. 4．If you want to be a mechanic，you need to acquire a kind of qualification(qualify)． 5．Those who often find fault with others will find it hard to make an adaptation(adapt) to the outside world. 6.Thanks to my tutor’s generous guidance，I gave the presentation(present) of the new program smoothly. 7．Our son is gifted in playing the piano，which is completely beyond our expectations(expect)． 8．I apply to join(join) the team which is devoted to curing the serious illness once and for all. 9．Exposure/Being exposed(expose) to the competitive environment got me to make substantial progress. 10．Surrounded(surround) by many curious students，the astronomer vividly told them how to achieve a goal. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) (2024·河北石家庄高二期末) When Faith Wanjiku graduated from the Technical University of Kenya last year，she immediately enrolled at the Confucius Institute at Kenyatta University.She wanted to learn Chinese，as she believed that it would help her land a good job.She has just completed the HSK level Ⅲ exam.The HSK exam is a test of Chinese language proficiency(水平) for non-native speakers，organised by the Confucius Institute Headquarters. However，level Ⅲ isn’t enough for Wanjiku，who plans to pass HSK level Ⅵ.“I want to increase my level of understanding and improve my spoken Mandarin，” she said.And Wanjiku isn’t alone.The Ministry of Education reported in May 2019 that the number of people taking the HSK reached 6.8 million in 2018，up 4.6% from a year earlier. Chinese is becoming an increasingly popular choice of language to study around the world.Currently，middle school students in Russia can take a Chinese language test as part of the country’s national college entrance exam.In 2019，Zambia became the fourth country in Africa—after Kenya，Uganda，and South Africa—to introduce Chinese language to its schools.And many English-speaking countries have shown an interest in allowing their students to learn Chinese.For example，the US government announced the launch of “1 Million Strong” in 2015，a plan that aims to bring the total number of learners of Chinese to 1 million.Additionally，a 2017 survey by the British Council showed that Chinese has become one of the languages that British parents most want their children to learn. Behind the growing popularity of Chinese language learning is the international community’s positive expectations of China’s future development，which has also created worldwide interest in learning more about Chinese civilization and culture. “I am fascinated with China’s history，culture，and language，as well as its economic development，and I think that studying in China could provide me with some great job opportunities，as I see growing investment and cooperation between the two countries，” said Patcharamai Sawanaporn,26，a Thai student graduate of Beijing’s University of International Business and Economics. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了中文在世界各地正越来越受欢迎这一现象，并分析了这种现象出现的原因。 1．Why does Faith want to learn Chinese? A．To pass the HSK level Ⅵ exam. B．To get a good job after graduation. C．To graduate from the Technical University of Kenya. D．To study at the Confucius Institute at Kenyatta University. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“She wanted to learn Chinese，as she believed that it would help her land a good job.”可知，Faith想学中文是为了在毕业后找一份好工作。故选B。 2．What is the function of the first two paragraphs? A．To advertise for HSK exam. B．To think highly of a good student. C．To introduce the topic of learning Chinese. D．To stress the importance of language learning. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“She wanted to learn Chinese，as she believed that it would help her land a good job.”和第二段的“And Wanjiku isn’t alone... up 4.6% from a year earlier.”可推知，前两段通过举例和列数据的方式引出了学习汉语的话题。故选C。 3．What is the goal of the “1 Million Strong” plan? A．To get Americans to pass HSK level Ⅵ. B．To encourage more Americans to learn Chinese. C．To introduce Chinese to 1 million middle schools. D．To sponsor one million Chinese schools around the world. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“For example，the US government announced the launch of ‘1 Million Strong’ in 2015，a plan that aims to bring the total number of learners of Chinese to 1 million.”可知，“1 Million Strong”计划的目标是让更多的美国人学习中文。故选B。 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Faith has found an ideal job in China. B．Learning Chinese is becoming more popular. C．Students in Russia must pass a Chinese language exam. D．The plan “1 Million Strong” has been adopted in many countries. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“Chinese is becoming an increasingly popular choice of language to study around the world.”和“Additionally，a 2017 survey by the British Council showed that Chinese has become one of the languages that British parents most want their children to learn.”可知，学习汉语正变得越来越受欢迎。故选B。 Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) It is important to look after your body to help you to stay well and healthy for as long as you can.However，advice about caring for your body is conflicting and often confusing. 1 Many people abandon any effort to take care of themselves because it’s just too difficult. 2 Common sense tells us that even doing a bit more exercise or getting a bit more sleep，and not eating that second slice of cake，are likely to be helpful.The application of a little science，and quite a lot more common sense，can go a long way towards helping you to work out what’s best for you and your body. Why should you care about your body? Caring for your body makes sense. 3 Around the world，there is a growing problem of lifestyle-related diseases.These are diseases that are，effectively，caused by the way we live our lives.Most，if not all of them，are associated with not looking after our bodies.Many are associated with being overweight and not taking enough exercise，or by putting the wrong substances into our bodies.These diseases and conditions include heart conditions，high blood pressure，many forms of cancer etc. 4 However，looking after your body will go some way to helping you to live a healthier life，for longer. There are three very important aspects to looking after your body：getting enough rest and sleep，eating well，and taking exercise. 5 But with practice，you will get better at making sure that you take care of your body. A．It can be really hard to know what works the best. B．You cannot，of course，avoid every illness or condition. C．But if you do that too often，there will be consequences. D．Knowing what to do，and actually doing it are，of course，quite different things. E．However，just because it is puzzling does not mean the effort is not worthwhile. F．However，a closer examination suggests that the situation is not quite that simple. G．After all，you only get one body in this life，and you want it to last as long as possible. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了照顾好自己的身体的重要性以及如何照顾好自己的身体。 1．答案　A 解析　根据上句“However，advice about caring for your body is conflicting and often confusing.” 可知，设空处为相互矛盾和令人困惑的建议导致的结果。A项符合语境 。故选A。 2．答案　E 解析　上文说很多人因为太难而放弃照顾身体，后句则指出一点点努力也是有效的，可知设空处和上文构成转折关系，并引出下文说明为照顾自己的身体做出的努力是值得的。E项符合语境。故选E。 3．答案　G 解析　根据上句“Caring for your body makes sense.”可知，设空处说明要照顾好自己的身体的原因。G项符合语境。故选G。 4．答案　B 解析　根据后句“However，looking after your body will go some way to helping you to live a healthier life，for longer.”可知，设空处和后句为转折关系，说明照顾好自己的身体虽然不可能避免每一种疾病或状况，但是会让人更加健康和长寿。B项符合语境。故选B。 5．答案　D 解析　上句指出了三个照顾好身体的重要方面，后句提到实践的好处，结合后句的“But”可知，设空处承接上句并和后句构成转折关系，D项提到知道和做到并不一样，且其中“actually doing it”和后句的“with practice”相呼应，符合语境。故选D。 训练2　Vocabulary(B) (分值：32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分) A TEAN is committed to giving students a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience studying abroad in a new culture.We recognize that in many instances additional funding is necessary to make the study abroad experience both affordable and realistic.These scholarships were created as an attempt to help students with the financial commitments required for an international education experience. TEAN provides numerous scholarships，including an annual full ride scholarship，need-and merit-based scholarships，diversity scholarships，even a photography scholarship plus others. TEAN FULL RIDE SCHOLARSHIP The Education Abroad Network Full Ride Scholarship is designed to give a stand-out student the opportunity to study abroad.The scholarship can be used for any Summer or Fall TEAN program and covers tuition，program fees，orientation and housing. REQUIREMENTS Students must have their study abroad office complete the Statement from University form in order to be considered for the scholarship. Must meet GPA(Grade Point Average) requirement for the individual program that they want to attend. Must be a university student in the United States. Students can only apply for the scholarship once per application cycle; applicants should select their top program choice when applying for the scholarship. Scholarship applications received after the deadline will not be considered. SELECTION CRITERIA Will be based on the overall application materials including a personal essay addressing the following question: “Why have you selected this program? How is it tied to your major？” Applications will be judged by a panel of TEAN staff members. Assessment will be based on the following: excellence in academics，active participation in extra-curricular activities，achievement in leadership skills，awareness of the value of international education and the personal essay. No interview required. APPLICATION DEADLINE No later than June 1. 语篇解读　这是一篇应用文。TEAN致力于为学生提供出国留学的机会，文章对TEAN全额奖学金的申请要求、选拔标准、申请提交截止日期等信息进行了介绍。 1．What can TEAN help students do? A．Travel abroad. B．Save money for the future. C．Experience overseas education. D．Understand popular culture. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“TEAN is committed to giving students a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience studying abroad in a new culture.”可知，TEAN能帮助学生体验国外教育。故选C。 2．What should a student do to get the TEAN Full Ride Scholarship? A．Be a university student in the UK. B．Submit an application before June 1. C．Download the Statement from University form. D．Submit an application twice during an application cycle. 答案　 B 解析　细节理解题。根据REQUIREMENTS部分的“Scholarship applications received after the deadline will not be considered.”和 APPLICATION DEADLINE部分的“No later than June 1.”可知，学生要获得TEAN全额奖学金应该在6月1日前提交申请。故选B。 3．Which can be the advantage for an applicant going for the full ride scholarship? A．Performing well academically. B．Acting excellently in the interview. C．Joining in an exchange programme. D．Obtaining an outstanding recommendation essay. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据SELECTION CRITERIA部分的 “Assessment will be based on the following: excellence in academics”可知，学业表现优秀会是申请全额奖学金的一个优势。故选A。 B Many of us were told from an early age that “you learn from your mistakes”．But is this actually true? The short answer is “yes”—failure can be a teachable moment.But learning from our mistakes is，in reality，very hard because we don’t like to fail.It doesn’t feel good，so we react to failure in impulsive and emotional ways，like giving up on a task prematurely，telling ourselves we don’t care whether we succeed，or finding fault with the task itself.This is self-protective，according to Hallgeir，a professor of psychology at the Norwegian School of Economics.Most of us want to think of ourselves as competent，he says，so when we fail “it poses a serious threat to our self-image”． Fortunately，there is research to suggest that there are some strategies to help us overcome the emotional barriers around failure.One of them is to adopt a third-person perspective.Instead of asking “Why did I fail？”，we could ask “Why did Sam fail？”，for example.Multiple studies by psychologist Ethan Kross at the University of Michigan show that adopting a third-person perspective helps to soften our negative emotional reactions，allowing us to look at failure more objectively. A second strategy involves offering advice to others who may be in the same position as us.This strategy led to better levels of motivation and academic success in the test groups—involving both adults and children—that were asked to give advice based on their own failures.Professors Eskreis-Winkler and Duckworth found that the satisfaction of helping others “forces people to engage with their experience and what they have learned”． The writer Samuel Beckett once said: “fail again，fail better”．But it now seems that we should be saying: “fail again，fail smarter”．Failure is an unavoidable part of life，but by learning to overcome the emotional barriers around it，we may find the road to success is a little easier to navigate(确定方向)． 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。失败是生活的一部分，但从中吸取教训并不总是那么容易。研究表明，有一些方法可以帮助我们更客观地看待失败，比如采用第三人称视角或向他人提供建议。 4．What does the underlined word “impulsive” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Uncontrollable. B．Optimistic. C．Impressive. D．Ambitious. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“and emotional ways，like giving up on a task prematurely，telling ourselves we don’t care whether we succeed，or...”可知impulsive与emotional是并列关系，结合之后的例子可知，这些都是不理性的、情绪化的行为，故选A。 5．Why don’t we like to fail? A．Failure can be teachable. B．Failure threatens our self-image. C．Failure is an unavoidable part of life. D．Learning from our failure is very hard. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Most of us want to think of ourselves as competent，he says，so when we fail ‘it poses a serious threat to our self-image’．”可推知，我们不喜欢失败的原因是失败威胁到我们的自我形象。故选B。 6．Which of the following will the writer agree with? A．Failure can be avoided if we learn from it. B．Giving advice to others can help us fail better. C．Only those who succeed can give advice to others. D．A third-person perspective helps us out of the bad feelings of failure. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Fortunately，there is research to suggest that there are some strategies to help us overcome the emotional barriers around failure.One of them is to adopt a third-person perspective.”可推知，作者会赞成第三人称视角可以帮助我们摆脱失败的负面情绪的说法。故选D。 7．What does the text focus on? A．Smarter ways to learn from failure. B．How to fail better when we fail again. C．Failure can let us succeed more easily. D．Why we react to failure in emotional ways. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第三段中“Fortunately，there is research to suggest that there are some strategies to help us overcome the emotional barriers around failure.”可推知，本文主要介绍一些方法来帮助我们克服失败带来的情感障碍，更聪明地从失败中学习，故选A。 Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Thanks to our country’s efforts，traditional Chinese culture today is shining with a new vitality,1. is increasingly appealing to younger generations both at home and abroad. Dressed up in an 2. (elegantly) traditional Chinese Hanfu，JongMay Urbonya，an American lady with brown hair，shares her understanding of ancient Chinese poetry 3. perfect Mandarin in front of the camera.So far her short videos 4. (attract) a flood of thumbs up and positive comments from Chinese viewers online. This 28-year-old vlogger,5. (current) living in Beijing，started a company in April with an aim of promoting traditional Chinese culture on Douyin and Bilibili.Besides 6. (engage) in literature，she also focuses on other themes，such as traditional Chinese clothing and dancing. JongMay was born in 1994 in Dalian，China’s Liaoning Province，where her parents worked as 7. (professor) of English.She returned to the United States at the age of six，and came back to China as 8. high school student in 2011.She studied Chinese dance in college and has stayed in Beijing ever since. “When I was a kid，I was 9. (addict) to Costumes in ancient China and often threw sheets over my shoulders pretending to be an ancient Chinese lady，” she said.“So I thought I had to come to China 10. (learn) about the culture more deeply.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国女士JongMay Urbonya痴迷于国潮，在社交平台推广中国传统文化的事。 1．答案　 which 解析　考查定语从句。 分析句子可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰traditional Chinese culture，从句中缺少主语，指物。故填which。 2．答案　elegant 解析　考查形容词。修饰空后名词Hanfu应用形容词elegant，作定语。故填elegant。 3．答案　in 解析　考查介词。表示使用某种语言应用介词in。故填in。 4．答案　have attracted 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。 根据So far可知用现在完成时，主语videos是复数，助动词用have。故填have attracted。 5．答案　currently 解析　考查副词。修饰动词live应用副词currently，作状语。故填currently。 6．答案　engaging 解析　考查非谓语动词。作介词的宾语应用动名词形式。故填engaging。 7．答案　professors 解析　考查名词复数。 professor为可数名词，根据上文parents可知用复数形式。故填professors。 8．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。student是可数名词，此处为泛指，用不定冠词修饰，且high是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 9．答案　addicted 解析　考查形容词。本空在句中作表语，应用形容词addicted，be addicted to“对……上瘾”是固定短语。故填addicted。 10．答案　to learn 解析　考查非谓语动词。根据句意，设空处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to learn。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $