Unit 1 Section Ⅴ (2) Reading for Writing（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语“Reading for Writing”核心模块，通过阅读钱学森、霍金等科学家传记文本，系统设计细节理解（如人物行为动机）、文章结构梳理（如《中国航天之父》三部分框架）、语言特征提炼（如表现决心的句子）三阶学习支架，衔接语法知识（过去分词作状语、what引导名词性从句）与写作输出（介绍科学家精神、发表观点），构建“阅读输入-语言内化-写作输出”的完整学习脉络。 该资料以新课标核心素养为导向，通过分析科学家事迹（如钱学森回国奉献、霍金抗病研究）培养文化意识与思维品质，结合语法解析（如复合句结构）和写作模板提升语言能力。课中“细节-结构-语言”分层活动助教师高效引导，课后阅读理解、七选五及写作训练（如介绍袁隆平、李时珍）供学生巩固，有效弥补知识盲点，促进语言能力与文化素养协同发展。

Section Ⅴ　Using Language (2)—Reading for Writing Activity 1　Read for details[细节把握] 1．Why did Qian Xuesen come back to China? A．He wanted to serve his country. B．He met with difficulties in America. C．He was a hero in China. D．He missed his family. 答案　A 2．What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the passage? A．His strong interest in art like music and drawing. B．His research in the United States. C．His friends’ encouragement. D．His habit of reading a lot. 答案　A 3．How was Hawking’s own theory proved correct? A．Fred Hoyle admitted the mistake himself. B．He worked with others to prove it true. C．He pointed out and corrected Fred Hoyle’s mistake in the maths. D．Hawking was the most famous scientist in physics at the moment. 答案　C 4．What does the word “holds” in the sentence “The first was the steady state theory，which holds that the universe has no beginning or end.” mean? A．Gets. B．Points. C．Closes. D．Declares. 答案　D 5．What helped Hawking in his fight against the disease? A．Cleverness. B．Dreams. C．Determination. D．Mistakes. 答案　C Activity 2　Read for structures[文章架构] What is the structure of the first passage The Father of China’s Aerospace? Part 1(Para.1) Brief introduction of 1.Qian Xuesen ↓ Part 2(Paras.2－6) Different stories to show Qian’s outstanding 2.qualities ↓ Part 3(Para.7) Qian’s 3.death Activity 3　Read for language features[增分靓句] 1．Find out sentences showing the characters’ determination. (找出表现人物决心的句子) (1)However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect(protect)and defend the country. (2)After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US，Qian returned to China in 1955. (3)When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.” 2．Find out sentences showing the characters’ personalities. (找出表现人物性格的句子) (1)Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.Furthermore，he was quite determined. (2)Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his faults. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion，Qian was an extremely well-respected man. (P7第一篇 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是复合句，Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man...devotion是过去分词短语作状语，其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a man。 汉语翻译：钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献、成就斐然。 2．However，after the Songhu Battle broke(break) out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch(switch) his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect(protect)and defend the country. (P7第一篇 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句，after引导的是时间状语从句，because引导的是原因状语从句，that引导的是宾语从句，作动词realised的宾语。 汉语翻译：不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 3．After overcoming some difficulties(difficulty) during his final few years in the US，Qian returned to China in 1955. (P8第一篇 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是简单句，After overcoming...是介词短语作状语。 汉语翻译：留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。 4．He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its(it) space and missile programme. (P8第一篇 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是简单句，received和was put是两个并列谓语，developing...是动词-ing形式作介词of的宾语。 汉语翻译：他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 5．When he was asked(ask) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined (determine) “Why not？We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.” (P8第一篇 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句，that引导的是定语从句。 汉语翻译：有人问他：“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答十分坚定：“有什么不能的，外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。” 6．Under Qian’s leadership，China developed the Dongfeng missiles，followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. (P8第一篇 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是简单句，followed by...是过去分词短语作定语。 汉语翻译：在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。 7．Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecrafts can also be traced(trace) back to Qian’s research，Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”. (P8第一篇 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是复合句，because引导的是原因状语从句。 汉语翻译：由于“神舟”系列飞船的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。 8．Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk. (P8第二篇 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是简单句，unable to move是形容词短语作定语，using a computer to talk是动词-ing形式作定语。 汉语翻译：大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。 9．Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose(lose) the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought. (P8第二篇 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是复合句，since引导的是原因状语从句，which引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a disease。 汉语翻译：他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成一个抽象思维的世界。 10．Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk(walk)，as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. (P8第二篇 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。 11．The first was the steady state theory，which holds that the universe has no beginning(begin) or end. (P8第二篇 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句，which holds that the universe...是which引导的非限制性定语从句，且在该从句中包含that引导的宾语从句。 汉语翻译：第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终。 12．The other was the big bang theory，which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. (P8第二篇 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句，which引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词the big bang theory，that引导的是宾语从句，作动词holds的宾语。 汉语翻译：另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。 13．During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures(lecture)，Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. (P8第二篇 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句，stood up和pointed out是并列谓语，that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths是宾语从句，从属连词that可省略。 汉语翻译：在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。 14．Once the maths was corrected(correct)，it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true. (P8第二篇 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句，once引导的是状语从句，that引导的是宾语从句，从属连词that可省略。 汉语翻译：错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。 15．Besides being(be) brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did. (P9第二篇 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是复合句，though sometimes careless 是状语从句的省略，完整形式是though he was sometimes careless。what he said or did是宾语从句，作介词in的宾语。 汉语翻译：除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。 16．He was willing to say(say) what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. (P9第二篇 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是复合句，what others were afraid to say和what others were afraid to dream about是宾语从句。 汉语翻译：他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 过去分词(短语)作状语 Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. (P7第一篇 Para.2) 钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。 结构分析：此句是简单句，Born in Shanghai in 1911是过去分词短语作状语，to study Railway Mechanical Engineering是不定式短语作目的状语。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————•及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动的和完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语只表示完成的动作。 •过去分词(短语)作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。 •有的过去分词已经转化成了形容词，作状语时不表示动作而是表示主语的一种状态。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)(读后续写之情绪描写)既害怕又沮丧，简坐在一棵树旁，紧紧地用双臂抱住肩膀让自己暖和点。 Scared and frustrated，Jane sat beside a tree and held her shoulders in her arms tightly to make herself warm. (2)(应用文写作之邀请信)很高兴得知你对剪纸感兴趣，我写信邀请你参加我们学校下周日举行的剪纸展览会。 Delighted to learn that you are interested in paper-cutting，I am writing to invite you to attend a paper-cutting exhibition to be held in our school next Sunday. (3)受到他的善举的鼓舞，我决定将来帮助更多的人，使我们的世界更美好、更温暖。 Inspired by his act of kindness，I determined to help more people in the future to make our world more beautiful and much warmer. what引导的名词性从句 However，what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing. (P8第一篇 Para.6) 然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。 结构分析：此句是复合句，连接代词what引导的是主语从句，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 连接代词what除引导主语从句外，还可引导表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，意为“什么”“……的事”“……的地方”“什么的样子”“……的时间”。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)我不知道我能从这个活动中获得什么，因此我不确定是否应该参加。 I have no idea what I can benefit from the activity，so I am not sure whether I should take part in it or not. (2)信不信由你，我们学校建在曾是废墟的地方。 Believe it or not，our school is built on what used to be a ruin. (3)他不再是过去的样子了，现在他能够致力于学习。 He isn’t what he used to be and now he can devote himself to learning. (4)(2023·天津3月，书面表达)令我们印象最深刻的是我的同桌总是乐意帮助任何需要帮助的人。 What impresses us most is that my deskmate always willingly offers a hand to whoever needs help. (5)(读后续写之动作描写)在似乎一个世纪的时间之后，我的丈夫终于出现，我冲向前，紧紧地拥抱他，眼里含着泪水。 After what seemed like a century，my husband finally arrived and I dashed forward and hugged him tightly，with my eyes filled with tears. 本单元的写作目标是“发表观点”，要求就科学家的精神进行分析并针对科学家的生活、工作和学习发生的故事发表自己的看法。文章应有一定的人物描写，主要是介绍某科学家的基本信息及其事迹。 1．Born in...in...，...attended schools in...……年生于……，……在……上学。 2．He/She was an outstanding man/woman with the name of...他/她是名字叫……的杰出男性/女性。 3．...is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists.……是最杰出且最有天赋的科学家之一。 4．...studied at a local high school and graduated from...……在一所当地高中学习，毕业于…… 5．...is such a learned/strong-willed/devoted person that we all admire/respect... ……是如此博学的/意志坚定的/尽职的人，我们都钦佩/尊敬…… 6．...devoted all his/her life to the work.……终生致力于工作。 7．...made great contributions to our country.……为我们的国家做出了巨大贡献。 8．...was highly thought of by many people.许多人对……做出了高度评价。 9．...will live in the hearts of us forever.……将永远活在我们心中。 牛顿是世界著名的科学家，关于他的故事有很多，其中有一个牛顿煮鸡蛋的故事。有一次为他做饭的仆人外出，让牛顿自己煮鸡蛋，由于太投入于工作，牛顿煮的是他的怀表而不是鸡蛋。请你根据牛顿煮鸡蛋的故事，以“A Story of Newton”为题写一篇文章，并据此发表一下自己对科学精神的看法。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 第二步　遣词造句 核心词汇　(含本单元词汇) 1．最杰出且最有天赋的the most outstanding and gifted 2．投入于be devoted to 3．煮鸡蛋 cook the eggs 4．不仅……而且……not only...but also... 5．如此……以至于so...that... 6．不是……而是…… not...but... 7．与……相联系 be linked to/with 连词成句　(含本单元句型) 1．牛顿是最杰出且最有天赋的科学家之一。 Newton is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists. 2．牛顿是如此投入以至于他经常在日常生活中忘却小事。(so...that...) Newton was so devoted that he often forgot the little things in his daily life. 3．一个仆人为牛顿做饭。 A servant cooked for Newton. 4．他想要出去。 He wanted to go out. 5．他让牛顿自己煮鸡蛋。 He asked Newton to cook the eggs himself. 6．当仆人回来时，他发现正在锅里煮的不是鸡蛋而是一只怀表。 When the servant came back，he found that not eggs but a pocket watch was being cooked in the pot. 7．杰出科学家的成功与投入有密切联系。 The success of outstanding scientists is closely linked to devotion. 第三步　句式升级 1．请用倒装句升级句2。 So devoted was Newton that he often forgot the little things in his daily life. 2．请用定语从句和现在分词短语作状语合并句3、句4和句5。 A servant who cooked for Newton wanted to go out，asking Newton to cook the eggs himself. 3．用what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句改写句6。 When the servant came back，what he found was that not eggs but a pocket watch was being cooked in the pot. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。 参考范文　 A Story of Newton Newton is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists.So devoted was Newton that he often forgot the little things in his daily life. Once，a servant who cooked for Newton wanted to go out，asking Newton to cook the eggs himself.However，when the servant came back，what he found was that not eggs but a pocket watch was being cooked in the pot. From the story we can learn the success of outstanding scientists is closely linked to devotion. There is no denying that he is highly thought of by many people and he will live in the hearts of us forever. 训练7　Reading for Writing(A) (分值：45分) Ⅰ.完成句子(介绍“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平)(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分) 1．作为“杂交水稻之父”而著名，袁隆平终生致力于研究水稻。 Known as “the father of hybrid rice”，Yuan Longping devoted his whole life to studying rice. 2．我们从没见过比他更杰出的农业科学家了。 We have never seen a more outstanding agricultural scientist than him. 3．他相信他所做的事情，即使遇到数不清的困难，他也绝不屈服。 He believed in what he had been doing and even if encountering countless difficulties，he would never give in. 4．在他的领导下，越来越多的年轻人负责杂交水稻的研究。 Under his leadership，more and more young people are in charge of the research of hybrid rice. 5．不幸的是，他患上了严重的疾病，于2021年5月22日与世长辞。 Unfortunately，he came down with a severe illness and passed away on May 22,2021. Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) Born in Potsdam(in the Kingdom of Prussia) in 1821，Helmholtz was one of the 19th century’s most knowledgeable scientists，whose name turns up in the histories of multiple scientific fields and specialties.As a youngster，he had an interest in physics，but that seemed a financially unwise career choice.He went to medical school and studied physiology(生理学) instead，because he was drawn to others who promoted the point that physiology should be based on the principles of chemistry and physics，not the “vital forces” that had been popularly emphasized previously. After earning his medical degree，Helmholtz served as an army surgeon before becoming professor of physiology at the University of Königsberg.During that time，he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy，which made him a good reputation in science community.His main argument is that all science can be reduced to mechanics.It is emphasized that Newtonian mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics are mathematically equivalent(相等的)，so a force can be measured by the Laplace method in terms of the energy transferred by the force or the work done by the force.All of this energy is conserved.While at Königsberg，he studied the nervous system，optics(光学) and acoustics(声学)，especially with regard to the physiology of the senses.Then he moved on to the University of Bonn as professor of anatomy(解剖学) and physiology. After some time at the University of Heidelberg，where he became interested in philosophy，in 1871 he was awarded the physics chair at the University of Berlin.At last he could focus on physics，emphasizing the importance of the principle of least action for explaining physical phenomena.He also explored the branches of Maxwell’s new theory.By this time，he was recognized as one of Germany’s premier scientists，until his death in 1894. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Helmholtz作为一名多才多艺的科学家的生平事迹。 1．Why did Helmholtz choose to study physiology? A．He was attracted by a different viewpoint. B．He made the choice for economic difficulty. C．He would like to make himself have more skills. D．He preferred physiology to chemistry and physics. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“He went to medical school and studied physiology(生理学) instead，because he was drawn to others who promoted the point that physiology should be based on the principles of chemistry and physics，not the ‘vital forces’ that had been popularly emphasized previously.”可知，Helmholtz选择生理学专业的原因是他被不同于以前的观点所吸引。故选A。 2．What made Helmholtz popular among scientists? A．His degree in medical science. B．His talent in chemistry and physics. C．His achievements as an army surgeon. D．His paper on the conservation of energy. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“During that time，he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy，which made him a good reputation in science community.”可知，Helmholtz关于能量守恒的论文使他在科学界很受欢迎。故选D。 3．What can be inferred about Helmholtz from the last paragraph? A．He proved Maxwell’s new theory. B．He was a famous philosopher. C．He devoted his rest life to physical research. D．He was a physical professor at Königsberg. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“After some time at the University of Heidelberg，where he became interested in philosophy，in 1871 he was awarded the physics chair at the University of Berlin.At last he could focus on physics，emphasizing the importance of the principle of least action for explaining physical phenomena.”可推知，Helmholtz把他的余生献给了物理研究。故选C。 4．Which words can best describe Helmholtz? A．Energetic and caring. B．All-round and determined. C．Humorous and courageous. D．Knowledgeable and brave. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“After earning his medical degree，Helmholtz served as an army surgeon before becoming professor of physiology at the University of Königsberg.”以及本段最后一句和第三段首句可知，Helmholtz是全能的，即all-round；根据最后一段的“At last he could focus on physics，emphasizing the importance of the principle of least action for explaining physical phenomena.”可知，Helmholtz从对物理学感兴趣到余生一直研究物理学，可推出他是有决心的，即determined。故选B。 Ⅲ.应用文写作(满分15分) 李时珍是我国古代伟大的医学家。请你根据以下要点，用英文给校英文报写篇文章投稿： 1．李时珍于1518年7月3日出生于湖北省，在家人的影响下，他对医学产生了兴趣。 2．他读了大量的医学书籍，为寻草药他去了很多地方，拜访了很多人，甚至以身试药，历时27年完成巨著《本草纲目》。 3．李时珍于1593年逝世，他因对世界医学所做出的巨大贡献而名垂后世。 参考词汇：《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica 注意： 1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文 Born in Hubei Province on July 3,1518，Li Shizhen was one of the most outstanding medical scientists.Under the influence of his family，he was crazy about medicine. He was committed to reading countless books about medicine.To find certain herbs，not only did he visit many places but he also called on plenty of people.He even did experiments on himself.Finally，it took him 27 years to create the greatest work Compendium of Materia Medica，which is a collection of Chinese herbs.He died in 1593，but he will live in the hearts of us forever for his contributions to the world medicine. 训练8　Reading for Writing(B) (分值：32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A July 2023 was the world’s warmest month on record，according to the World Meteorological Organization.As heatwaves had spread across North America，Asia and Europe，UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said in a speech that the planet is entering an “era of global boiling”． How to cool the planet has long been a troubling question for scientists.They are now turning to sun-blocking technology，which refers to reflecting sunlight back into space in order to keep down the temperature of the planet’s climate. According to Euronews，a European television news network，one idea involves pumping sun-blocking particles(粒子) into the upper atmosphere.The particles will then stay in the air and redirect sunshine back upwards.It is like applying sunscreen on the outside of Earth.Researchers at Yale University，the US，outlined a plan to use 125 high-flying planes to spread the particles at latitudes(纬度) of 60 degrees north and south.The particles will then travel toward the poles，which could possibly cool the temperature there by 2℃.In the future，the planes could be used to refreeze the poles，said the researchers. Another very promising technique is called “cloud brightening”，according to Chris Sacca，a US climate expert.This method involves sending sea salt particles into clouds above the sea，making them whiter and thus reflect more sunlight back into space. In June，the US government announced in a report that it is now offering support for solar engineering research as a way to slow the rise of global temperatures.According to the report，the US government believes that the technology “offers the possibility of cooling the planet significantly on a timescale of a few years”． However，following the report，an open letter by more than 60 scientists called for caution and more research first.Kristen Rasmussen，a climate scientist at Colorado State University，the US，has been studying how these sun-blocking methods will affect rainfall patterns.She said that apart from rainfall，ecosystems and even human communities will also be affected.“We need to be very cautious on this，” Rasmussen told Scientific American. 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了应对全球变暖的方法——使用遮阳技术，即将太阳光反射回太空以降低地球的温度。 1．Which solution is used to deal with global warming according to the text? A．Absorbing the sunlight coming from the sun. B．Reflecting the sunlight back into the space. C．Using sunscreen on the surface of the Earth. D．Applying advanced technology to weather control. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，用于应对全球变暖的一个方案是：将阳光反射回太空。故选B。 2．Which of the following does the writer agree with according to the text? A．The sun-blocking particles will cool the temperature at the poles to 2℃. B．The sea salt particles will reflect the sunlight back into the planet. C．The US government believes that cloud brightening will work well this year. D．Both sun-blocking techniques are using the principles of light reflection. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段前两句和第四段可推知，这两种遮阳技术都利用了光反射原理。故选D。 3．What is the writer’s attitude towards the sun-blocking technology? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Cautious. D．Objective. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知，文章引用不同专家的观点客观介绍了这种技术，并没有提到作者的个人观点，由此可推知，作者对此技术的态度是客观的，故选D。 4．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A travel journal. B．A news report. C．A science magazine. D．A story collection. 答案　C 解析　文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第二段可知，文章主要介绍了应对全球变暖的方法——使用遮阳技术，即将太阳光反射回太空以降低地球的温度，由此可推知，这与科学有关，文章可能选自科学杂志，故选C。 B A team of students in the Netherlands has designed and built a tough car that’s completely powered by the sun.The car，called Stella Terra，is the first solar-powered car that can travel off-road for long distances without needing a recharging station. Students at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands have been working on solar-powered cars for years.In order to create a car that could deal with the kind of tough driving，the students had to design the entire car，from top to bottom. On top，of course，were the solar panels(电池板)．Most solar panels are only about 20% efficient.That means they waste about 80% of the sunlight they get.But the Stella Terra’s solar panels are 97% efficient.They waste far less sunlight than even the best solar panels you can buy. Stella Terra can carry two people，and has a top speed of 90 mph.The car weighs just 2,600 pounds.That’s about two-thirds the weight of a typical car.On the bottom，the team designed a suspension(悬挂) system to help the car deal with the bumps(颠簸) and heavy shaking that come when driving over bumpy surfaces. The team recently took the car on its biggest test—a challenging 620-mile (about 1,000-kilometer) test drive across Morocco.The car had to travel through forests as well as dry riverbeds.It had to drive across desert sand and up mountain roads.The car succeeded in doing all of this—and all without ever stopping at a charging station. The team is very proud of their car，but they won’t be upset if car companies start to copy their ideas.In fact，they hope that the Stella Terra will help inspire car companies to work on similar projects.But despite their success，the students think it will take five to ten years before car companies are able to build a similar car.“We are pushing the technology forward，” said Wisse Bos，the team’s manager. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一组学生设计并制造了一辆完全由太阳能驱动的越野汽车。 5．What do we know about Stella Terra? A．It is a self-driving car. B．It has high energy efficiency. C．It is the first solar-powered car. D．It is not allowed to run on the road. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“But the Stella Terra’s solar panels are 97% efficient.They waste far less sunlight than even the best solar panels you can buy.”可知，Stella Terra具有很高的效能。故选B。 6．What effect does the suspension system have on the car? A．It increases the car’s speed. B．It reduces the car’s weight. C．It makes the car run smoothly. D．It improves the car’s energy efficiency. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“On the bottom，the team designed a suspension(悬挂) system to help the car deal with the bumps(颠簸) and heavy shaking that come when driving over bumpy surfaces.”可知，悬挂系统能够使汽车平稳行驶。故选C。 7．How do the students respond to car companies’ copying their ideas? A．They are worried about it. B．They are protective of their design. C．They are planning to re-evaluate their design. D．They are happy to see car companies adopt their ideas. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“The team is very proud of their car，but they won’t be upset...car companies to work on similar projects.”可知，他们乐于看到汽车公司采用他们的想法。故选D。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Solar-Powered Cars Have a Long History B．Students Create a Tough Solar-Powered Car C．Solar-Powered Cars Are the Future of Transportation D．Efficient Solar-Powered Cars Have Reached Customers 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了荷兰的一组学生设计并制造了一辆完全由太阳能驱动的越野汽车。因此，这篇文章的最佳标题是B项“学生们创造了一辆坚固的太阳能汽车”。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) How We Garden Some of us are challenged when it comes to gardening.We sometimes worry too much about what other people think about our gardens.The most important thing to remember when you’re creating your own garden is that it really needs to be about you. 1 That said，the best gardens work well with their surrounding environment.For instance，you might want to create a tropical(热带) feel but if you’ve got next-door’s oak tree(橡树) as the major background then it could look slightly odd. 2 If your garden is north-facing and you use black or grey-colored material，everything could become dark and depressing. When it comes to planting，there are a lot of great influences out there.You might like the work of designers such as Piet Oudolf.But it’s good to remember that these influences are best used as a guide. 3 If you want to use ideas from other garden designers，then look for one that you’re comfortable with but don’t try to copy it outright—just be inspired by them. 4 I always think that if you’ve got fewer materials then the plants can sing better.For me，the plants are always at the heart of the garden.If you want them to stand out，keep your materials to as small a number as possible. It’s the same when we select plants.We often forget that we don’t need a garden full of stars; we also need plants that provide the support act. 5 They often bring a more subtle element to the design. A．A straight copy is never going to work，is it? B．Grasses are a great example of this sort of secondary role. C．All of these considerations will really help you set the tone. D．You shouldn’t concern yourself with what anyone else thinks. E．The direction your garden faces will also affect the overall look. F．In the use of different materials in your garden design，less is definitely more. G．If you want to keep bugs away from your plants，you can spray pesticide regularly. 1．答案　D 解析　根据前文“The most important thing to remember when you’re creating your own garden is that it really needs to be about you.”可知，你要以你的需求和喜好创建园艺，而不要在意他人的看法。D项强调不要理睬他人的想法，符合语境。故选D。 2．答案　E 解析　根据后文“If your garden is north-facing and you use black or grey-colored material，everything could become dark and depressing.”可知，花园的朝向也会影响园艺的风格和最终效果。E项与后文意义一致，符合语境。故选E。 3．答案　A 解析　根据后文“ If you want to use ideas from other garden designers，then look for one that you’re comfortable with but don’t try to copy it outright—just be inspired by them.”可知，我们可以借鉴好的思路，而不要直接抄袭。A项与后文意义一致，符合语境。故选A。 4．答案　F 解析　根据后文“I always think that if you’ve got fewer materials then the plants can sing better.”和“If you want them to stand out，keep your materials to as small a number as possible.”可知，用的材料越少，效果越好。F项与后文意义一致，符合语境。故选F。 5．答案　B 解析　根据前文“We often forget that we don’t need a garden full of stars; we also need plants that provide the support act.”可知，我们需要的不是很显眼的背景植物；B项符合题意，选项中的secondary role呼应上文的support act。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $