Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语词汇学习核心知识点，系统梳理30个重点词汇（如contradictory, blame）、20个拓展词汇（含词形转换，如severe→severely）及8个阅读词汇（如germ, vaccine），构建“基础词汇认知-词形拓展辨析-用法情境应用-训练巩固提升”的学习支架。 资料特色在于分层设计与素养融合，通过重点词汇配写作佳句（如suspect在2023新课标Ⅰ读后续写中的应用）提升语言能力，拓展词汇以词形转换表培养思维品质，多样化训练题（单词拼写、语法填空及语篇阅读）辅助课中教学，课后助力学生查漏补缺，强化词汇运用与自主学习能力。

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 2．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 3．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 5．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 7．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 8．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 9．statistic n．统计数字；统计资料；统计学 10．microscope n．显微镜 11．thinking n．思想；思维；见解 12．protein n．蛋白质 13．cell n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房 14．virus n．病毒 15．framework n．框架；结构 16．solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体 17．cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 18．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处 19．rainbow n．彩虹 20．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 21．concrete n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 22．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 23．abstract adj.抽象的；理论上的 n．(文献等的)摘要 24．concept n．概念；观念 25．telescope n．望远镜 26．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外 27．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 28．furthermore adv.此外；再者 29．fault n．弱点；过错 30．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向 31．once and for all 最终地；彻底地 32．subscribe to 同意；赞同 33．thanks to 幸亏；由于 34．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 35．in charge of 主管；掌管 36．come down with 患(病)；染上(小病) 37．above all 最重要的是；尤其是 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv.严重地；严厉地 2．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使懊丧；使沮丧→frustrating adj.令人沮丧的→frustration n．懊丧；懊恼 3．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的；传染性的；有感染力的 4．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→subscription n．订阅；同意→subscriber n．订阅者；订户；认购人 5．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明；证明是 6．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；繁殖 7．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi.干预；介入 8．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净 9．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substance n．物质；物品；事实根据 10．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transformation n．(彻底的)变化；转变；变革→transformative adj.有改革能力的，起改造作用的 11．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决→find (found，found) vt.发现 12．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初；最初→initiate vt.开始实施；发起 13．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工→mechanism n．机械装置 14．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defence/defense n．防御；保卫 15．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助 16．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能→leader n．领导→lead v．引路；引领；导致；处于领先地位 17．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋；天资 18．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地；平稳地；稳步地 19．astronomer n．天文学家→astronomy n．天文学 20．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv. 生动地 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．The germ would be an even smaller organism that attacks its host germ from within. n．微生物；细菌；病菌 2．The pump doesn’t work and we have no running water.n.泵；抽水机 3．They report the finding in the latest issue of the journal Epidemiology. n．流行病学 4．The search for a new vaccine will take priority over all other medical research. n．疫苗 5．The scientist is so patriotic that he has been determined to return to his motherland despite numerous difficulties.adj.爱国的 6．The accident happened as the jet was about to take off. n．喷气式飞机 7．He was trained to be an engineer and was sent to Russia to study missile technology. n．导弹 8．A group of researchers reveal scores of studies that trace the relationship between health and interaction with others.vt.查出 suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；认为(坏事可能属实或发生) n．被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人 suspect that＋从句　怀疑……；觉得…… suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事 (1)The person I respect most is my English teacher，who never suspects us of achieving our dreams. ＝The person I respect most is my English teacher，who never suspects that we can achieve our dreams. [写作佳句] (2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我担心地看了老师一眼，低声说：“我确实怀疑自己的写作能力。” I cast a worried look at my teacher，murmuring，“I do suspect myself of my ability in writing.” blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．过失；责备 be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任；应受责备 blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事责备某人；把(做)某事归咎于某人 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事 (1)Although the teaching assistant was to blame(blame) for the severe mistake，the foreign teacher didn’t blame her for it. [写作佳句] (2)(话题写作之人际交往)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，与其责怪别人，我们应该把一些错误归咎于自己。 When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes.After all，many times we are also to blame. So instead of blaming others，we should blame some mistakes on ourselves. decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 •decrease by...减少了…… decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到…… •on the decrease正在减少 (1)Furthermore，the number of the students in our school reading classics has decreased by 30%.That is，the number has decreased from 1,000 to 700. [写作佳句] (2)(话题写作之传统文化) 青少年对中国古代传统和风俗的了解正在减少，因此，我倡议组织各种活动以丰富他们的知识和鉴赏力。 Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs is on the decrease/is decreasing，so I advocate organizing various activities to promote their knowledge and appreciation. break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 break away from脱离/挣脱…… break down出故障；坏掉；失败；(身体等)垮掉；消除 break in插话；破门而入 break into强行闯入；突然开始 break up打碎；结束；(关系等)破裂 [选词填空] (1)He was giving a vivid account of what had happened when his son broke into/in the room. (2)Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break away from my friends and never contact them. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之求助信)不幸的是，我最好的朋友和我爆发了激烈的争吵。更糟的是，我和她的关系破裂了，我们俩都不知道如何消除我们的分歧。因此，我写信寻求您的帮助。 Unluckily，a terrible quarrel broke out between my best friend and me.What’s worse，I broke up with her and we didn’t know how to break down our barriers. So I am writing to ask for your help. (4)(读后续写之情绪描写)他粗鲁地插嘴道：“我不应受责备。”然后，他愤怒地冲出了房间。 He broke in rudely，“I am not to blame.”And then he stormed out of the room in anger. defend vt.保卫；防守；保护；辩解 (defence/defense n．防御；保卫) •defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受…… defend oneself自卫 •in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护；站在某人一边 (1)My assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in defence/defense(defend) of herself. ＝My assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if defending(defend) herself. (2)The generous lawyer determined to be in the poor boy’s defence for free. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子免受它的攻击。 Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed to defend his son from/against its attacks like an arrow. in charge of 主管；掌管(charge n．费用；主管，负责；看管；责任 v．收费；控诉；要价；指控；充电；向……冲去) •in the charge of由……负责；被……掌管 take charge of负责/看管(表动作) free of charge免费 •charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事 (1)The English speech competition will be in the charge of me，which makes me greatly honored. ＝I will be in charge of the English speech competition，which makes me greatly honored.(选词填空) (2)(读后续写之肢体动作描写) He rose to his feet，charged through the door and disappeared in the darkness.词义：向……冲去 [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之微写作) 悲伤和恐惧的泪水顺着男孩的脸颊流淌下来，因为他被控告偷了那位女士的金戒指。她为这枚被盗的戒指向他索取许多钱。幸运的是，一位善良的律师主动免费为男孩辩护。一颗悬着的心终于落下了。 Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks，because he was charged with stealing the woman’s gold ring.She charged him much money for the stolen ring.Luckily，a kind-hearted lawyer offered to defend the boy free of charge.A hanging heart finally fell. come down with 染上，得了(病) come across (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解 come about发生(无被动形式) come on加油；到来；得了吧 come out出版；结果是；(花)开放 when it comes to...当谈及…… come up走近；上来；被提及 come up with sth 找到/提出某事(物) [选词填空] (1)Learning that you have come down with a terrible disease recently，we are quite concerned about you. (2)My assistant’s first novel came out，which made me proud of him. (3)All of us wondered how the accident came about，but nobody would inform us. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之建议信)当谈及英语学习，我有以下实用的建议和你分享。首先，当你遇到生词时，不要总是查词典。其次，课堂上老师的问题被提出时，你应该努力想出答案，并且恰当表达你的想法以便你的意思能够被理解。最后，如果你失败了，你必须对自己说：“加油！” When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share with you. Above all，when you come across unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary. Furthermore，when teachers’ questions come up in class，you should make great efforts to come up with answers and express your ideas properly so that your meaning can come across.Finally，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“Come on！” above all 首先；最重要的是 at all根本(常用于否定句和疑问句) after all毕竟；终究 first of all首先(强调顺序) in all一共；总计 all in all总的来说 [选词填空] (1)Thanks to your timely help，I managed to handle four problems in all. [写作佳句] (2)(应用文写作之推荐信)我向你推荐的大学是北京大学。首先，你最好在来之前学些基本的汉语。毕竟，你将处在完全陌生的环境中。总的来说，在一种不同的文化中学习一点也不容易。 The university I recommend to you is Peking University.Above all/First of all，you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.After all，you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.All in all，studying in a different culture is not easy at all. Ⅰ.一词多义 subscribe to A.订阅　B.赞成；同意　C.捐助 1．(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)Bernard excitedly subscribed to John’s idea of making popcorn to earn some money. B 2．It was the outstanding astronomer who always subscribed to our school，for which we were sincerely grateful. C 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ)You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free. A charge A.控告　B.负责　C.向……冲去　D.收费　E.给……充电 4．The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter. B 5．(2021·新课标Ⅰ) There are plenty of other benefits，too；it doesn’t charge city tax；it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms；it also has free Wi-Fi in every room. D 6．The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company. A 7．The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone. E 8．Seeing her mother，the cute girl charged forward and hugged her tightly. C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．It never rains but it pours. (雨)倾盆而下 2．There is solid evidence to show he wasn’t there when the crime took place.可靠的 3．(读后续写之情绪描写)My heart was pumping with extreme excitement.快速运动 训练1　Vocabulary(A) (分值：55.5分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．Without substantial statistics，I had difficulty handling the difficult challenge. 2．As is known to us all，a desert can be transformed into a garden by water. 3．The girl tackled the crisis with ease and a shadow of a smile touched her mouth. 4．Life can be easy to deal with when you are not busy finding fault with it. 5．Susan’s dream was put into reality and tears of happiness poured down her cheeks. 6．Joe listened nervously，shifting(转换) uncomfortably from one foot to the other. 7．It is difficult for me to entirely understand these concepts(概念)． 8．I have no alternative but to request him to help me make an abstract(概要) of the speech. 9．For a shortage of concrete(具体的) evidence，I can’t persuade them to trust me. 10．All our favorite activities can be traced(追踪) back to specific points in history. Ⅱ. 单句语法填空(共12小题；每小题1.5分，满分18分) 1．As far as I am concerned，you are to blame(blame) for the severe mistake. 2．Thanks to his intervention，we could handle the problem in a peaceful way. 3．The success I attained is linked to/with my great determination. 4．I failed in the driving test again and I was entirely frustrated(frustrate)． 5．He is gifted in math and thus，he can digest what the teacher says quite easily. 6．The boss of the grocery store described what had happened vividly(vivid) to the policeman. 7．Owing to the severe environmental pollution，this species of bird is decreasing(decrease) in numbers every year. 8．A quarrel broke out unexpectedly，and fortunately，we made up with each other after a few minutes. 9．Those around me spoke out in my defence(defend)，which moved me to tears. 10.Charged(charge) with stealing my classmate’s wallet，I shed tears of sadness and tried to prove my innocence. 11．When it comes to solving(solve) such problems，he is a specialist. 12．I was suspected(suspect) of making the silly mistake the other day and it turned out that it resulted in a great loss. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) (2024·湖北武汉高二联考) At the airport，one of my partners greeted me with a broad smile.“Welcome to Cuba！” he exclaimed in perfect English，giving me a strong handshake and a hug.The next day，we drove to the research center where he worked.In the conference room，each of us gave a presentation about science and what we hoped to learn from the study of Cuban rivers. Then，we toured every lab in the building.I met scientists，technicians，secretaries，students，and the cook.Some spoke English，and others communicated with me in Spanish while my cooperator translated.I was introduced to each person in their center，and that was what I remembered most. Then we met again to brainstorm.Together，we studied maps carefully to plan how we were going to collect samples.Had it not been for the Cubans，I would have been unaware that the maps I had were outdated and wrong.They left out reservoirs，which was a problem because if we had sampled downstream of them，our results would have been misled. On the last night of the trip，we searched for a restaurant that could seat all 14 of us at one table because that’s what teams do—sitting together.When a restaurant couldn’t seat the team without splitting us up，my partners insisted that we move on and find another restaurant with a large enough table. In 26 years as a professor，I’ve always tried my best to treat my students as valued partners.I have never been a fan of the grade system in the academic world.I urge everyone working with me to feel as though they are part of a team.But my Cuban partners take teamwork to another level entirely.They make it clear—through actions，both big and small—that all team members are valued，that everyone is equal，and that true teamwork contributes to better science. I returned to the United States as a changed scientist.Now，I spend more time listening and making sure that everyone’s voice is heard. 语篇解读　本文属于记叙文。作者讲述了他在古巴与合作伙伴们一起进行研究的经历，这让作者明白，团队合作中，最重要的是平等对待每个人，倾听每个人的声音。 1．What impressed the author most when he visited the research center? A．He was led to see everyone. B．There were no many people there. C．Everybody gave a great presentation. D．The cooperator spoke perfect English. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“I was introduced to each person in their center，and that was what I remembered most.”可知，让作者印象最深的是，自己被介绍给了研究中心的每个人。故选A。 2．Why did the author’s partners refuse to eat at the first restaurant? A．Because they wanted a smaller one. B．Because they wanted to save money. C．Because they didn’t want a crowded one. D．Because they didn’t want to be separated. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“When a restaurant couldn’t seat the team without splitting us up，my partners insisted that we move on and find another restaurant with a large enough table.”可知，作者的搭档们拒绝在第一家餐馆吃饭，是因为他们不想团队被分开。故选D。 3．Which of the following does the author stress in the team? A．Honesty. B．Devotion. C．Cooperation spirit. D．Scientific theory. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I urge everyone working with me to feel as though they are part of a team.But my Cuban partners take teamwork to another level entirely.”可推知，作者在团队中强调合作精神。故选C。 4．What can we infer about the author from the text? A．He used to treat his students unfairly. B．He used to be misled by other scientists. C．He focuses on the opinions of the masses now. D．He speaks highly of the grade system in science now. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“I returned to the United States as a changed scientist.Now，I spend more time listening and making sure that everyone’s voice is heard.”可知，作者现在专注于每个人的意见。故选C。 Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) When you were at school，were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate? It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. 1 However，understanding how to do it，and knowing what is distracting you can help. Scientists have looked at what makes us procrastinate(拖延) and found a number of ways to help us stay focused. 2 Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration，or a gentle background hum and coffee shop noise is great! It also found turning off reminders on your phone，or switching it off altogether，removes a major distraction and helps us focus on the task at hand. 3 Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to focus and have looked at what we can change inside our heads to make us concentrate.An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that “Attention Researcher Nilli Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.” 4 There are more practical tips toward keeping your mind focused.These include making a list or timetable of the tasks you have to do，finding a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things，or chewing some gum! It’s possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted. 5 “If we were always so focused that we never got distracted，we’d miss potential changes，such as threats，in our environment.Distraction is vital for survival，” according to Science Focus magazine. A．But distraction isn’t all bad. B．Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life. C．Therefore，keeping yourself busy might be one answer. D．Your ability to concentrate well affects how effective you are. E．Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. F．One obvious solution is to get rid of distracting noises or use “white noise”． G．Some people procrastinate because they worry that they won’t be able to complete tasks perfectly. 语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家研究发现的分心的原因以及如何集中注意力。 1．答案　B 解析　根据下文“However，understanding how to do it，and knowing what is distracting you can help.”可知，此处与上文形成转折关系，说明保持专注是有一定困难或挑战的。由此可知，B项能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 2．答案　F 解析　根据下文“Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration，or a gentle background hum and coffee shop noise is great! ”可知，此处讲的是安静或一些有益的噪声有利于集中注意力。由此可知，F项能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选F。 3．答案　E 解析　根据下文“Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to focus and have looked at what we can change inside our heads to make us concentrate.”可知，此处讲的是我们可以通过改变大脑内部的什么来使我们集中注意力。由此可知，E项能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选E。 4．答案　C 解析　根据上文“An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that ‘...leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.’”可知，此处讲的是让自己忙起来，大脑就无法处理分心的事情了。由此可知，C项能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选C。 5．答案　A 解析　根据下文“If we were always so focused that we never got distracted，we’d miss potential changes，such as threats，in our environment.Distraction is vital for survival.”可知，此处讲的是分心也有一定的好处。由此可知，A项能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选A。 训练2　Vocabulary(B) (分值：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Keeping kids busy with various activities provides them with a well-rounded social life.Growing up，I knew many teenagers who were actively involved in both sports and student government.Those teenagers all ended up going to college and graduating.This may not be the situation in all cases，but from what I have noticed，teens who stay active and do good in the community are typically the ones who deal with anxiety and depression(抑郁) better. A 2015 study published by professor of biology Theodore Garland concluded，“If kids exercise regularly through the school years，they may be more likely to exercise as adults，which could have far-reaching positive effects on human health and well-being.Our results suggest that any positive effects of early-life exercise on adult exercise tendencies will require reinforcement(强化) and maintenance if they are to be long-lasting.” This study found that along with physical activity，having a spirit of adventure would also help improve children’s physical and mental health. Some parents disagree.They feel that pushing a child to stay active and involved causes unnecessary stress and can have the opposite effect，making him/her hate being involved or being active.Parents also fear their children will experience failure，which they believe could lead to low self-confidence. The key to helping the youth stay motivated is not pressuring them too hard.People who have strict parents typically rebel(反抗) or feel they will never be good enough.Keep in mind that encouraging the youth to be competitive isn’t the best thing.Some of the unhappiest people I have met are competitive.Positive reinforcement is the best way to keep people motivated. An active and involved youth will show personal qualities that will become useful in the future.Some of these include leadership，teamwork，a healthy lifestyle，educational benefits，respect and trust，which will lead to success in the future. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了让孩子们忙于各种各样的活动可以为他们提供一种全面的社交生活。帮助年轻人保持积极性的关键是不要给他们太大压力。 1．According to the author，what do we know about active teens? A．They get much better education. B．They concentrate more on self-improvement. C．They do well in both sports and management. D．They deal with some mental problems better than others. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“...teens who stay active and do good in the community are typically the ones who deal with anxiety and depression(抑郁) better.”可知，活跃的孩子能更好地应对心理问题，如焦虑和抑郁。故选D。 2．What did the study in 2015 imply? A．The positive effect of early-life exercise is not necessarily lasting. B．Physical activity helps children become more confident. C．Early-life exercise has positive effects on relationships. D．School life experience has a long-lasting influence. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Our results suggest that any positive effects of early-life exercise on adult exercise tendencies will require reinforcement(强化) and maintenance if they are to be long-lasting.”可知，早期的锻炼活动对于成年后的发展的积极影响需要强化和维护才能持久，即可推知，早期锻炼活动的积极影响未必会持久。故选A。 3．Why are some parents against teens’ being active? A．They believe it may take a lot of time. B．They think it is unnecessary to push kids. C．They are worried about the opposite effect. D．They are afraid it makes their children feel depressed. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“They feel that pushing a child to stay active and involved causes unnecessary stress and can have the opposite effect，making him/her hate being involved or being active.”可知，家长们担心强迫孩子保持活跃会达到相反的效果。故选C。 4．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The importance of trusting the youth. B．The key to keeping the youth motivated. C．The possible problem faced by the youth. D．The reasons for helping the youth stay positive. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段“The key to helping the youth stay motivated is not pressuring them too hard.People who have strict parents...”可知，该段主要讲了使年轻人保持积极性的关键所在。故选B。 B Studies have been done on the connection between humor and genes.The most common ones involved researchers observing the same twins and looking at how genes affect their sense of humor.There was a study with 390 adult twins who were asked to rate 48 cartoons of different humor varieties based on how funny they found them.The conclusion was that environmental influences played a more important role in what the twins found funny than genetics. However，there is more to be said about this topic.A recent study proved a clear connection between genetics and emotions like laughter.This study tested 336 adults by showing them funny clips from movies and humorous comics.Researchers then examined the gene and positive emotional expressions，which they referred to as laughing and smiling.And even though the research has collected evidence on how there can be a connection between laughing and smiling behaviors and genes，we still need more similar studies before considering the results as a fact. While genetics play an important role in the formation of many character traits，our sense of humor is too complex to be attributed to one factor.Moreover，your sense of humor can change throughout your whole life，which is why simplifying humor and basing it only on genetics isn’t reliable. When we’re young，we learn to talk and do regular activities by observing people and things around us.While growing up，you are exposed to jokes that people around you make and find funny.You will pick up behavioral signs and develop your sense of humor based on all of that.It’s not a surprise that your sense of humor is based on the sense of humor of the people you grew up with，rather than on the genes of your ancestors. Our sense of humor is a subjective field that depends on social factors，such as the influence of your family and friends，social circle，upbringing in a particular country and culture，etc.For that reason，it doesn’t mean that you will be humorous just because your parents or grandparents are funny. 5．What was found in the study about twins? A．Humor wasn’t related to genes. B．Environment mattered more than genes in humor. C．The twins’ humor was mainly affected by genes. D．The twins rated similarly about cartoons. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The conclusion was that environmental influences played a more important role in what the twins found funny than genetics.”可知，关于双胞胎的研究发现了环境对幽默感的影响比基因更大。故选B。 6．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．More research is needed to confirm the recent study result. B．There is no connection between genes and positive emotions. C．The recent study tested 336 adult twins by showing them funny clips. D．The research proved the connection between laughing behaviors and smiling behaviors. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“And even though the research has collected...we still need more similar studies before considering the results as a fact.”可推知，我们需要更多的研究来证实最近的这项研究的结果。故选A。 7．Which of the following may the author probably agree with? A．The sense of humor is just decided by one factor. B．The sense of humor can’t change once developed. C．The sense of humor can be obtained by observing and following others. D．The sense of humor is a relatively simple one of people’s all character traits. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“You will pick up behavioral signs and develop your sense of humor based on all of that.It’s not a surprise that your sense of humor is based on the sense of humor of the people you grew up with”可知，作者可能会同意的是幽默感可以通过观察和模仿他人获得。故选C。 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Can You Be Born Humorous? B．Is Humor a Necessity? C．Can You Develop Your Humor? D．Is Being Humorous Beneficial? 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据文章最后一段的“For that reason，it doesn’t mean that you will be humorous just because your parents or grandparents are funny.”可知，文章主要讲的是幽默感可能并不是与生俱来的，环境因素可能起着更重要的作用。故文章的最佳标题是“你能天生幽默吗？”。故选A。 Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Long ago in ancient China，there was a mythical figure 1. (know) as Shennong.Not only did Shennong bring agriculture and the use of herbal medicine to China，but he also invented 2. (agriculture) tools and techniques，and the Chinese calendar with its 24 solar terms. It is said that the home town of Shennong was a forest in Hubei Province，which today is called “Shennongjia”．This beautiful and diverse region covers 3. area of 3,253 square kilometers of north-west Hubei Province.It gives shelter to over 1,000 species of medicinal plants，many of 4. are rare and unique to Shennongjia.Here mountain slopes(山坡) 5. (cover) with trees and some of them grow up to 40 meters tall.In summer，pink and violet flowers lend splashes of color.These are some of 6. (it) most breathtaking landscapes.The magnificent Shennong Peak rises to 3,105 meters above sea level. Banbiyan is famous for its stone forest，as well as its bamboo forests and grasslands that flood with 7. (flower)．The stone forests of Fengjingya stand 8. a background of green mountains that reaches as far as the eye can see.When it rains，the tops of these mountains look like islands 9. (float) on a sea of clouds.Come to Shennongjia 10. (enjoy) its beauty and the legend. 1．答案　known 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词形式，并且考查固定搭配：be known as“被称为……”，所以此处应用过去分词known作后置定语，修饰名词figure。故填known。 2．答案　agricultural 解析　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，agriculture的形容词形式是agricultural。故填agricultural。 3．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。此处考查固定搭配：an area of意为“一块……的面积”。故填an。 4．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是1,000 species of medicinal plants，指物，在从句中作of的宾语，应该用which引导。故填which。 5．答案　are covered 解析　考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少and前面的句子的谓语动词，所以cover作谓语，主语是mountain slopes，两者之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，且主语是复数。故填are covered。 6．答案　its 解析　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词landscapes，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。 7．答案　flowers　 解析　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，所以空处应填名词，flower“花朵”为可数名词，根据前文的forests and grasslands可知用复数形式。故填flowers。 8．答案　against 解析　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：stand against a background of意为“站在……的背景下”。故填against。 9．答案　floating 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，float用非谓语动词形式，空处修饰空前的islands且与islands构成主动关系，所以应该用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填floating。 10．答案　to enjoy 解析　考查非谓语动词。根据句意，此处表目的，所以应该用不定式作状语。故填to enjoy。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $