Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking（课件PPT）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（人教版）

该高中英语课件围绕“John Snow战胜霍乱”的科学探究文本，通过速读（整体文意与篇章结构）、细读（细节问题链）、读后（语法填空）三步搭建学习支架，引导学生从整体感知到深度理解，构建“现象-探究-结论”的文本逻辑脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力（长难句结构分析、until从句等重点句型讲解）与思维品质（通过地图标记证据、霍乱传播原因推断培养分析能力），结合高考真题实例（如2020浙江读后续写）强化语言应用。词块默写与分步骤练习提升学习能力，助力学生系统掌握阅读策略与语法知识，也为教师提供结构化教学资源，提升课堂效率。

Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking Science and scientists Unit 1 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the text? A.How John Snow became a well-known doctor in London. B.How John Snow found out the cause and defeated cholera. C.How John Snow changed the way scientists studied diseases. D.How John Snow stopped all people from catching cholera. √ 4 Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” What is cholera? How to find proof What are the results? It was a 1. disease and people didn’tknow its 2. . An 3. caused many deaths. He 4. the exact places on the map. He did further 5. . Water companies began to sell 6.______ water. Cholera was 7. . deadly cause outbreak marked research clean defeated Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.Why was John Snow upset at first? A.He lost hope to cure cholera. B.He couldn’t become a good doctor. C.He didn’t attend to the queen well. D.He couldn’t treat cholera. √ 2.What was the key to finding the evidence? A.The government. B.The woman who had moved away from Broad Street. C.The water company. D.The map marked by Snow. √ 3.How was “King Cholera” controlled in the end? A.Using medicines in hospital. B.Driving patients out of the country. C.Dealing with the polluted water. D.Getting rid of all kinds of pollution. √ 4.What does “King” imply in the title? A.The name of cholera. B.The causes of cholera. C.Cholera spreads fast. D.Cholera is powerful and hard to cure. √ 5.What was John Snow’s attitude when facing“King Cholera”？ A.Negative. B.Determined. C.Unconcerned. D.Indifferent. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 In the early 19th century，an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, 1. (cause) millions of deaths.Seeing this，John Snow became 2.__________(frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.At that time，doctors 3. (have) two theories to explain how cholera spread.One was that bad air caused the disease and the other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，John Snow discovered that in two particular streets 4. cholera outbreak was so severe that over 500 people died in ten days. causing had the frustrated He was determined 5. (find) out why.Through his serious investigation，he found it was the pump water in Broad Street containing germs 6. resulted in the outbreak of cholera.Therefore，he had the handle of the pump 7. (remove) so that it could not be used. Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. to find that removed It turned out that the water from the Broad Street pump 8.________ ________(infect) by waste.Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link 9. other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Through Snow’s tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.10. (fortunate)，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. 返 回 had been infected between Fortunately 难句分析 长句 14 1.In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe，millions of people died the disease. (P2 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是 句，when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe是when引导的 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 from/of 复合 时间状语 十九世纪初，霍乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。 2.In time，he (rise) to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. (P2 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是 句，when she gave birth是when引导的________从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 3.In general，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories ___________(explain) how cholera spread. (P2 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是 句，how cholera spread是how引导的 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ rose 复合 时间状语 后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。 to explain 复合 宾语 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。 4.One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera (cause) by an infection from germs in food or water. (P2 Para.2) 结构分析：此两句是 句，两句中that在句中均引导 从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，且不可省略。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ was caused 复合 表语 一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。 5. (consequent)，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，Snow began (investigate). (P2 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是 句，when引导的是 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 6.Snow began by (mark) on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. (P2 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是 句；where和who引导 从句，分别修饰先行词 和 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ Consequently investigating/to investigate 时间状语 复合 因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。 marking 复合 定语 places those 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。 7.Snow suspected that the water pump was (blame). (P2 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是 句，that引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 8.As a result of this (evident)，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. (P2 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是 句，that引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ to blame 复合 宾语 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 evidence 复合 宾语 有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。 9. (according)，he had the handle of the pump _________ (remove) so that it could not be used. (P2 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是 句，so that在句中引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 10.The (true) was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. (P3 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是 句，连接词that在句中引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。 Accordingly 复合 目的状语 removed truth 复合 表语 事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。 11.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that ____________ (pollute) by raw waste. (P3 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是 句，关系代词that在句中引导 从句，修饰先行词 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。 复合 定语 the River Thames was polluted 12.The people who drank this water were much more likely (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. (P3 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是 句，句子主干使用了一个比较级结构；句中两个who都引导 从句，分别修饰先行词 和 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 to get 复合 定语 people those 13.Through Snow’s tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a ______________ (substance) decrease.(P3 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是连词and连接的 句，第二个分句谓语动词是saw，使用了拟人的修辞手法，意为“ ”。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 substantial 并列 见证；目睹 14.Moreover，in (he) use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.(P3 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是 句，scientists study diseases是 从句，修饰先行词the way，此处省略了 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 his 复合 定语 that/in which Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 1　 until引导的时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. (P2 Para.1) 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 结构分析：此句是复合句。until在句中引导时间状语从句；how引导的从句作动词showed的宾语；过去分词feared作定语，修饰名词diseases；John Snow是a British doctor的同位语。 • 若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句 的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。 • 倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋助动词/情态 动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。 • 强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。 (1)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)我们一直与这只凶猛的熊作斗争，直到一些好心的人冲过来帮助我们对付它，我们才松了一口气。 We some kind people rushed to help us handle it and we sighed in relief. kept fighting with the fierce bear until (2)(读后续写之后悔心理描写)直到在森林里迷了路，简才发出一声后悔的喊叫。 ①Jane didn’t let out a cry of regret . ② Jane let out a cry of regret.(用倒装句改写) ③ Jane let out a cry of regret.(用强调句改写) until she got lost in the forest Not until she got lost in the forest did It was not until she got lost in the forest that 2　 疑问词＋不定式 As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. (P2 Para.1) 由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。 结构分析：此句是复合句，because引导原因状语从句；“疑问词how＋动词不定式短语”作动词knew的宾语。 Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. (P3 Para.5) 幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。 结构分析：此句是简单句，how to prevent cholera是“疑问词＋to do”结构，在句中作动词know的宾语。 • “疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等句 子成分。 • 在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式； 用于该结构的常见疑问词有who，what，which，how，when，where等。 注意：whether后可接不定式，而if后不可以。 (1)(2023·北京，书面表达)得知你不知道如何组织以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动，我写信给你提供一些实用的建议。 Learning that you ______________________________________________ ________ with the theme of “Green Beijing”，I am writing to offer some practical suggestions. (2) (2022·浙江1月，读后续写)脸上带着鼓励的微笑，我的搭档耐心地说：“最重要的是下一步做什么。能否得一等奖取决于我们的周密计划。” My partner said patiently，casting an encouraging smile，“The most important is . depends on our careful plans.” have no idea/don’t know how to organize the club activity what to do next Whether to win first prize (3)我们正在就何时何地为我们敬爱的英语老师举办惊喜派对而展开激烈的争论。 We are having a heated debate on _________________________________ _______ for our beloved English teacher. when and where to hold a surprise party 3 so...that...引导结果状语从句 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(P2 Para.2) 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 结构分析：此句是复合句，第一个that引导的从句作动词discovered的宾语；在该从句中含有一个so ...that ...句型结构，该结构中that引导结果状语从句。 It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. (P2 Para.3) 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 结构分析：此句是复合句，句型It seemed that ...意为“好像……”；had it delivered是“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语让别人做某事”，此句含有so...that...句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，that引导的是结果状语从句。 • so...that...句型的常见形式： so＋adj./adv.＋that... so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数可数)＋that... so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that... • such...that...句型的常见形式： such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数可数)＋that... such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that... • 当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。 (1)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)我妈妈拍摄的视频吸引了如此多的追随者，我几乎成了网红。 The video filmed by my mother __________________________________ _____________ I almost became a web celebrity. (2)这个聪颖的男孩取得如此巨大的进步，老师表扬了他。 The brilliant boy the teacher praised him. drew/appealed to/attracted so many followers that made such great progress that (3)(2023·天津6月，书面表达)即将到来的中国工作坊是如此有意义的活动，以至于吸引了许多交换生。 The upcoming Chinese workshop is ________________________________ __________________________________________________________. (4)(读后续写之紧张心理描写)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。 ①He was and palms sweating. ② and palms sweating.(用倒装句改写) so meaningful an activity/such a meaningful activity that it appeals to numerous exchange students so nervous that he felt his tongue tied So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied 课文重点词块默写 1.过去常常做某事 ______________ 2.死于 ____________ 3.变得沮丧 __________________ 4.及时；迟早 ________ 5.照料，处理 _________ 6.生孩子 __________ 7.通常，一般来说 __________ used to do sth die from/of become frustrated in time attend to give birth in general 8.多于；不仅仅；非常 ___________ 9.决心做某事 _______________________ 10.发现；查明；弄清 _________ 11.由于这个证据 ________________________ 12.很可能做某事 _________________ 13.通过某人不懈的努力 ___________________________ 返 回 more than be determined to do sth find out as a result of this evidence be likely to do sth through one’s tireless efforts 本课结束 $