专题08 阅读理解之主旨大意题-2026年高考英语一轮复习（江苏专用）

专题08 阅读理解之主旨大意题 01 思维导图—考法一览无余。 02 解题步骤--解题思路清,三年高考真题让学生了解高考，开悟快。 03 真题模拟集训—精选最新2026各地联考模拟题与高考要求同步,适应学生需求。 主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在快速中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，语言一般简洁、凝练，其干扰项的设置往往比较有迷惑性，属于高层次的阅读理解题。主要有以下几种形式:1.归纳文章标题; 2.概括文章大意(主旨大意); 3. 段落大意题. 一. 归纳文章标题 ★解题方略 根据文章中心句，提炼主题词充当文章标题; 当文章的写作对象特点较多时，常用写作对象的名称充当文章的题目;将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合充当文章的题目 设题方式 ①The best title/headline for this passage might be ________. ②The text/passage could be entitled ________. ③What is the best title for the passage? ④Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? ⑤Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ⑥What would be the best title for the passage? ⑦The most appropriate title of the passage is ________. ⑧What is the main theme of the passage? ★典题演示 There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. … Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective(视角)into specific fields of expertise(专长). The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. … These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D. Ways to Become a Generalist 解题步骤 Step 1 圈定题干关键词：a generalist；a specialist；specialists；Generalists Step 2 定位信息句：根据第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist(做一个通才，而不是专家)”。 Step 3 得出答案：A 二.概括文章大意 ★解题方略 借助段落主题句归纳——常见位置——段首、段中、段末 借助文章主题段归纳——常见位置——首段(新闻报道、议论文、说明文)、末段(记叙文、议论文) 借助主题词归纳——抓住文中出现频率较高的主题词，然后对其进行概括和归纳，确定文章的主旨大意 设题方式 ①This passage chiefly deals with/is mainly concerned about ________. ②What's the topic of the article? ③What is the subject discussed in the text? ④With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned? ⑤What's the main idea/point of the passage? ⑥The subject discussed in this text is ________. ⑦From the passage we know that ________. ⑧Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? ⑨Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage? ⑩In this passage the author discusses primarily ________. The general/main idea of the passage is about ________. ★典题演示 … The poignancy(酸楚)of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind. Humans do not shed skin(蜕皮)as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new. Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin. 44. What does the author most likely want to tell us? A. Love of family helps us survive great hardships. B. It’s not the end of the world if we break things. C. We should move on no matter what happens. D. Past experiences should be treasured. 解题步骤 Step 1 圈定题干关键词：before we are ready；where we begin Step 2 定位信息句：根据倒数第二段“Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.(人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变化的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就改变了我们。我看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。 Step 3 得出答案：C 三. 段落大意题 ★解题方略 要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。如该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要读者充分发挥想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。 设题方式 ①What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...? ②The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ______. ③The first paragraph is mainly about ________. ④Which of the following can best summarize Para.1? 技法点拨 ★例题演示 … Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence? A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies. C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives. 解题步骤 Step 1 圈定题干关键词：the scientific and scholarly study of emotion；new perspectives Step 2 定位信息句：根据最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。 Step 3 得出答案：B Passage 1 (2025新高考I卷C)While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 8. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 9. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 10. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。 8. C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. ”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。 9. A推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” ”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。 10. B推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. ”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。 11. A主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? ”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 Passage 2 (2024•浙江1月高考•D)The Stanford marshmallow(棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted(诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded(轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 12. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A. Take an examination alone. B. Show respect for the researchers. C. Share their treats with others. D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 13. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________. A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 14. What does the author suggest readers do? A. Absorb new information readily. B. Be selective information consumers. C. Use diverse information sources. D. Protect the information environment. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C. The Later, the Better D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。 12. 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。 13. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。 14. 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。 15. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。 Passage 3 (2023∙新高考全国Ⅰ卷)On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 14. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。 12. 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。 13. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。 14. 推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。 15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。 Passage 1 (2026届福建省福州市高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试题)When Tina Farr visits the year 2 classroom at her Oxford primary school, she can feel the changed atmosphere since play was put firmly back on the curriculum(课程). “The children come running up with things they have made. There is always a shop on the go so they will be pricing up something or finding change.” the headteacher says. Play-based learning — letting children move around, make up games and explore within loosely guided activities — usually stops when they attend primary school. Lessons then become desk-based, focused on reading and writing. Farr had long championed the value of play, working hard to bring it into breaktimes. “Teachers would recognise what we do and it doesn’t take any more planning than the standard approach.” With play-based learning in place for her year 1 and 2 children, Farr then looked at where else she could change any practices that weren’t working. “If a practice isn’t in line with healthy child development, why are we doing it?” The school’s year 5 children — aged nine and 10 — were struggling to sit still in a tight space so she removed all the furniture. “The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.” A teacher note: “Their self-regulation has improved greatly. They settle down to work much more readily.” Farr believes the outdated system needs urgent change. “We have neuroscience (神经科学) to know children learn through play.” In June the school sailed through its Ofsted inspection. “The inspector really understood our play-based learning.” Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out. “It’s blown my mind how engaged the children are. It’s phenomenal,” she says. 1. What change does Farr bring to her school? A. Additional income. B. Flexible environments. C. Upgraded equipment D. Diverse outdoor games. 2. What is the main reason for Farr to introduce play-based learning? A. To reduce teacher’ workload. B. To enhance the school’s reputation. C. To improve students’ academic results. D. To promote kids’ well-being and growth. 3. Which best describes the students with the new seating arrangement? A. More focused. B. More energetic. C. More self-centred. D. More courageous. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about concerning Farr’s approach? A. Its theory. B. Its challenge. C. Its purpose. D. Its effectiveness. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述牛津某小学的校长Tina Farr在学校推行以游戏为基础的学习模式，调整教学环境，促进学生健康发展并取得良好效果的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The school’s year 5 children — aged nine and 10 — were struggling to sit still in a tight space so she removed all the furniture. “The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.”(该校五年级学生(年龄在 9 至 10 岁之间)曾难以在狭小空间里安静坐好，于是她移除了所有家具。“效果立竿见影，十分显著。现在孩子们可以自主选择学习的地点和方式。曾经难以集中注意力的班级，如今变得安静且专注投入。”)”可知，Farr为学校带来的改变是灵活的学习环境。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Farr had long changed the value of play, working hard to bring it into breaktimes. “Teachers would recognize what we do and it doesn’t take any motto planning than the standard approach.” With play-based learning in place for her year 1 and 2 children, Farr then looked at where else she could change any practices that weren’t working. “If a practice isn’t in line with healthy child development, why are we doing it?”(Farr长期以来一直倡导游戏的价值，并努力推动游戏融入课间休息时间。“老师们会认可我们所做的事，而且相比常规方法，这种方式并不需要额外的规划。”在为她所带的一年级和二年级学生落实好游戏化学习后，Farr接着开始审视其他方面，试图找出那些行不通的做法并进行改进。“如果一种做法不符合儿童的健康发展规律，我们为什么还要坚持呢？”)”以及第四段中调整家具后学生专注力和自我调节能力提升的效果可知，Farr推行以游戏为基础的学习模式，主要是为了促进孩子的健康和成长。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的““The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.” A teacher note: “Their self-regulation has improved greatly. They settle down to work much more readily.”(“效果立竿见影，且十分显著。现在孩子们可以自主选择学习的地点和方式。曾经难以集中注意力的班级，如今变得安静且专注投入。” 一位老师这样写道：“孩子们的自我调节能力有了很大提升，他们能更主动地静下心来学习了。”)”可知，新的座位安排(灵活的学习环境)让学生更专注了。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“In June the school sailed through its Ofsted inspection. “The inspector really understood our play-based learning.” Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out. “It’s blown my mind how engaged the children are. It’s phenomenal,” she says. (六月份，这所学校顺利通过了英国教育标准局(Ofsted)的检查。“检查员完全理解我们的游戏化学习模式。”Farr 表示，她的教学方法是可以推广的。“孩子们的投入程度让我非常惊喜，太了不起了。” 她说。)”可知，该段主要通过学校通过检查、检查员认可、学生进步显著等内容，体现Farr推行的方法的有效性。故选D项。 Passage 2 (2026届河北省衡水市高三上学期第二次调研考试(二模)The American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow once wrote: “Music is the universal language of mankind.” Music is everywhere. But why do we like it so much? One idea is that we quickly learn the patterns of music, and our brains feel rewarded when they can “guess” what will come next. But it may go deeper than that. Neural resonance(神经共振) theory, or NRT, proposes that, just as our body’s internal clock correspond with the light and dark cycles of the Earth, our brains actually correspond with the pitch and rhythm of music. This may be why we enjoy music so much and why we can dance, keep time with a song, and even compose music. Edward W. Large says this isn’t just an abstract idea. “It’s literally the sound causing a physical resonance in the brain,” he told UConn Today. Along with other researchers from the US, the Netherlands, the UK and Canada, Large recently explained the principles of NRT. The researchers note, for example, that there’s evidence of our brains continuing to react to musical harmonies even after the sounds have stopped. And scans have shown activity in the brain that correlates with keeping time with music, even if the music doesn’t actually have a regular beat the listener can hear. According to NRT, this resonance is what makes us want to move and dance and music connects not just to our ears and our brains, but even to our limbs and our spinal cords(脊髓). “This theory suggests that music is powerful not just because we hear it, but because our brains and bodies become it,” said Caroline Palmer, one of the researchers. “That has big implications for medical application, education and technology,” Palmer said. The researchers say that NRT can give us insight into how the brain and body are connected, how music communicates emotion and how our understanding of the effects of music could be applied to brain health in the future. 1. What might explain why humans enjoy music according to paragraph 1? A. Its universal popularity. B. Its emotional expression. C. Brain’s reward from music. D. Longfellow’s famous quote. 2. What do we know about NRT? A. It shows brain-music link. B. It guides music composition. C. It is about the day-night cycle. D. It tells us how to listen to music. 3. What might be the future impact of NRT research? A. Boosting advances in technology. B. Improving brain-related conditions. C. Facilitating research into emotions. D. Helping understand brain structure. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The universal appeal of music. B. Benefits brain get from music. C. A theory clarifying music’s power. D. The explanation of a universal language. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍神经共振理论，阐述音乐通过引发大脑物理共振，连接大脑与身体，及其在多领域的意义和研究价值。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“One idea is that we quickly learn the patterns of music, and our brains feel rewarded when they can “guess” what will come next. (有一种观点认为，我们很快就能学会音乐的模式，当大脑能够“猜测”接下来会发生什么时，它会感到一种奖励。)”可知，我们喜欢音乐是因为大脑能从音乐中获得奖励。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Neural resonance (神经共振) theory, or NRT, proposes that, just as our body’s internal clock correspond with the light and dark cycles of the Earth, our brains actually correspond with the pitch and rhythm of music. (神经共振理论(NRT)提出，就像我们身体的内部时钟与地球的明暗周期相对应一样，我们的大脑实际上与音乐的音高和节奏相对应。)”可知，NRT表明大脑与音乐之间存在联系。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers say that NRT can give us insight into how the brain and body are connected, how music communicates emotion and how our understanding of the effects of music could be applied to brain health in the future. (研究人员表示，NRT可以让我们深入了解大脑和身体是如何连接的，音乐是如何传达情感的，以及我们对音乐效果的理解如何应用于未来的大脑健康。)”可知，NRT研究的未来影响可能是改善与大脑相关的状况。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。全文围绕神经共振理论(NRT)展开，介绍了该理论核心观点(大脑与音乐的共振)、研究证据以及其在医疗、教育等领域的意义。由此可知，文章主要介绍了一种阐释音乐力量的理论。故选C。 Passage 3 (2025～2026学年度武汉市部分学校高三年级九月调研考试) With a surface hot enough to melt lead in its atmosphere, Venus has been described as “Earth’s evil twin” — similar in size, yet worlds apart. The question of whether Venus was ever habitable has long been a hot topic among scientists. Some astronomers believe the planet was once much more hospitable, but a recent research by Tereza Constantinou, a PhD student from the University of Cambridge, has now dealt a blow to the idea that it ever hosted life as we know it. Constantinou noted that early in the formation of Venus, the planet was covered in a vast sea of magma(岩浆). If this cooled quickly, water would form oceans or be trapped as it crystallised(结晶), meaning the planet’s interior (内部) would be water-rich. As a result, water would be released when volcanoes erupt. “If you look at any photos of volcanism on Earth, you can see these large clouds coming out. Most of that is water,” said Constantinou. But if the magma cooled slowly, water would have ended up as steam in the atmosphere. In this situation, water would not be trapped inside the interior of the planet. Constantinou and his colleagues studied changes in the Venusian atmosphere to cast light on the water content of its interior. When they analysed the amount of substances being refilled, they found very little water was being added. In other words, volcanic eruptions are “dry”. “The shortage of water in volcanic release reflects an equally dry Venusian interior,” said Constantinou. The team announced that their findings did not support the theory that Venus had surface oceans of water in its past, or a habitable climate. Their conclusion could soon be tested. Later this decade, NASA is set to launch a mission to carry out fly-bys of Venus. Constantinou said resolving the question could help astronomers rule out Venus as a habitable planet now that the dry interior of Venus suggests it never has the oceans of liquid water traditionally thought necessary for life to begin. 1. What is the finding of the recent research? A. Venus is Earth’s identical twin. B. Venus sets the whole world apart. C. Venus was unlikely to sustain life. D. Venus was more habitable than thought. 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly talking about concerning the research? A. Its methods. B. Its procedures. C. Its potential impact. D. Its theoretical foundation. 3. How did Constantinou and his colleagues draw their conclusion? A. By analysing the changes of water content. B. By studying the properties of substances. C. By investigating the components of water. D. By examining the differences of volcanoes. 4. What can the finding be used to do according to Constantinou? A. Carry out more fly-bys. B. Identify upcoming threats. C. Conduct Venus observations. D. Narrow down astronomers’ search. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了金星虽与地球大小相似却环境恶劣，其是否宜居存争议。剑桥大学康斯坦丁努团队研究发现，金星内部缺水、火山喷发“干燥”，不支持其曾有地表水和宜居气候的说法，NASA未来探测或验证结论。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Some astronomers believe the planet was once much more hospitable, but a recent research by Tereza Constantinou, a PhD student from the University of Cambridge, has now dealt a blow to the idea that it ever hosted life as we know it.(一些天文学家认为，这颗行星曾经更加宜居，但剑桥大学博士生特蕾莎·康斯坦丁努最近的一项研究现在却给这一观点泼了一盆冷水，即它曾经确实存在过我们所理解的生命)”可知，最近的研究得出的结论是金星不太可能存在生命。故选C。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Constantinou noted that early in the formation of Venus, the planet was covered in a vast sea of magma (岩浆). If this cooled quickly, water would form oceans or be trapped as it crystallised(结晶), meaning the planet’s interior(内部) would be water-rich. As a result, water would be released when volcanoes erupt. “If you look at any photos of volcanism on Earth, you can see these large clouds coming out. Most of that is water,” said Constantinou. But if the magma cooled slowly, water would have ended up as steam in the atmosphere. In this situation, water would not be trapped inside the interior of the planet.(康斯坦丁努指出，在金星形成初期，该行星表面覆盖着一片巨大的岩浆海洋。如果这些岩浆迅速冷却，水就会形成海洋或者在结晶过程中被封存起来，这意味着金星的内部会富含水分。因此，当火山喷发时，水就会被释放出来。康斯坦丁努说：“如果你看地球上的火山活动照片，就会看到这些巨大的喷出物。其中大部分就是水。”但如果岩浆冷却速度缓慢，那么其中所含的水分就会在大气中以蒸汽的形式存在。在这种情况下，水就不会被困在行星的内部了)”可知，第二段主要是关于这项研究的理论基础。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Constantinou and his colleagues studied changes in the Venusian atmosphere to cast light on the water content of its interior. When they analysed the amount of substances being refilled, they found very little water was being added.(康斯坦丁努及其同事研究了金星大气层的变化，以探究其内部的水含量情况。在分析物质补充量时，他们发现补充的水非常少)”可知，康斯坦丁努和他的同事们通过分析水分含量的变化情况得出他们的结论。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Constantinou said resolving the question could help astronomers rule out Venus as a habitable planet now that the dry interior of Venus suggests it never has the oceans of liquid water traditionally thought necessary for life to begin.(康斯坦丁努表示，解决这一问题有助于天文学家排除金星作为宜居行星的可能性。因为金星内部干燥，这表明金星从未拥有过传统上认为是生命起源所必需的液态水海洋)”可知，根据康斯坦丁努的观点，这一发现可以用于缩小天文学家的搜索范围。故选D。 Passage 4 (2025-2026学年安徽省蚌埠市高三上学期开学考试英语试卷)Barcelona’s electric 18-year-old winger Lamine Yamal has been handed the famous No 10 shirt previously worn by club icon(偶像) Lionel Messi, capping a remarkable breakthrough season for the teenager. Yamal earned the jersey(球衣) after a remarkable campaign, in which he scored 25 goals for the club in over 100 appearances. The youngster, who wore the No 19 shirt last season, had already committed his long-term future to the club, agreeing a contract extension in May that will keep him at Barcelona until 2031. Having turned 18 on Sunday, Yamal was finally able to sign the contract and make it official. He did so on Wednesday, accompanied by his family. He also received the No 10 shirt from club president Joan Laporta in a special ceremony. The No 10 shirt carries enormous weight at the Camp Nou, having been worn by Messi during his period of great success with numerous trophies(奖杯) at the club that shaped his career. The No 10 has also graced the backs of Barca greats such as Diego Maradona and Ronaldinho, but Yamal said he would not be weighed down by its legacy. “I’ll try to build my own path, but all kids would like to be like them,” Yamal said Wednesday at the club’s announcement. “All three have been incredible players, they’re all legends, and I will try to follow in their footsteps.” “Messi paved the way with the No 10, I will make mine,” Yamal told reporters. “They are three soccer and club legends. Every kid dreams of having something from Messi, Ronaldinho and Maradona. I’ll try to carry on that legacy.” “First, my dream was to debut(首次登场) for Barca and wear the No 10. Everyone who grows up here dreams of that. I’m grateful to the club.” Having also won the European Championship with Spain last year, Yamal said his goal is to win all the other titles that are missing from his trophy collection. “I haven’t won the Champions League and the World Cup,” he said. “These are my goals now.” “My goal is to keep winning and growing,” Yamal said. “It’s the club of my life. It’s my home, I’ve been here since I was seven years old.” 1. What is the main event reported in the text? A. Yamal celebrated his 18th birthday with a ceremony. B. Yamal won the European Championship with Spain. C. Yamal received Barcelona’s legendary No 10 jersey. D. Yamal signed a contract extension with Barcelona. 2. Why is the No 10 shirt special for Barcelona? A. It was first worn by Diego Maradona. B. It represents a legacy of club legends. C. It increases the player’s commercial value. D. It is given only to top goal-scorers each season. 3. How does Yamal view his role as the new No 10? A. He sees it as an honor while paving his own way. B. He regards it as a valuable marketing opportunity. C. He perceives it as a restriction on his own playing style. D. He considers it less important than his contract extension. 4. What is Yamal’s current goal mentioned in the last paragraph? A. To win the Champions League and the World Cup. B. To win the European Championship with Spain. C. To debut for Barca and wear the No 10. D. To leave Barca and join another club. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了巴塞罗那18岁边锋拉明·亚马尔接过传奇的10号球衣这一事件，以及亚马尔对此的看法和未来目标。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Barcelona’s electric 18-year-old winger Lamine Yamal has been handed the famous No 10 shirt previously worn by club icon(偶像) Lionel Messi, capping a remarkable breakthrough season for the teenager. (巴塞罗那18岁的边锋拉明·亚马尔接过了俱乐部偶像莱昂内尔·梅西之前穿过的著名的10号球衣，为这位少年的非凡突破赛季画上了圆满的句号。)”可知，本文主要报道了亚马尔收到了巴塞罗那传奇的10号球衣这一事件。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The No 10 shirt carries enormous weight at the Camp Nou, having been worn by Messi during his period of great success with numerous trophies(奖杯) at the club that shaped his career. (10号球衣在诺坎普球场有着巨大的分量，梅西在俱乐部取得巨大成功并获得无数奖杯的时期就穿着这件球衣，这也塑造了他的职业生涯。)”和第四段“The No 10 has also graced the backs of Barca greats such as Diego Maradona and Ronaldinho, but Yamal said he would not be weighed down by its legacy. (10号球衣也曾是巴萨的伟大人物迭戈·马拉多纳和罗纳尔迪尼奥的球衣，但亚马尔表示，他不会被这件球衣所承载的遗产所压垮。)”可知，10号球衣对巴塞罗那来说很特别是因为它代表了俱乐部传奇的遗产。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“I’ll try to build my own path, but all kids would like to be like them. (我会努力开辟自己的道路，但所有的孩子都想成为他们那样的人。)”和第五段“Messi paved the way with the No 10, I will make mine. (梅西用10号球衣铺平了道路，我会创造我自己的道路。)”可知，亚马尔认为穿上10号球衣是一种荣誉，但他同时也在开辟自己的道路。故选A项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“I haven’t won the Champions League and the World Cup (我还没有赢得过欧冠联赛和世界杯。)”和“These are my goals now. (现在这些就是我的目标。)”可知，亚马尔目前的目标是赢得欧冠联赛和世界杯。故选A项。 Passage 5 (2026届福建漳州市高三毕业班第一次教学质量检测)In the summer of 2015, Brian Peterson had just moved to Santa Ana, California. Outside his apartment, a homeless man was often yelling on the street corner. Peterson would pass the guy on his way to work, but they never spoke. What could they possibly have in common? One day, Peterson was relaxing in his living room, reading the book Love Does about the power of love in action, when his quiet was disturbed by the homeless man. Inspired by the book's message, Peterson made an unexpected decision: He was going to go outside and introduce himself. In that first conversation Peterson learned that the man’s name was Matt Faris. He’d moved to California to pursue a career in music, but he soon fell on hard times and ended up homeless for more than a decade. Peterson recalled later, “It was strange but I saw beauty on the face of a man who hadn’t shaved or had a shower in probably a year. His story, the life inside of him, inspired me.” And even though Peterson, a graduate of the Cleveland Institute of Art, hadn’t picked up a paintbrush in about eight years, he found himself asking if he could paint Faris’portrait(肖像). Faris said yes. Peterson’s connection with Faris led him to form Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization focused on befriending and painting portraits of members of the community who are unhoused. He sells the portraits for a few thousand dollars and puts half into what he calls a “love account” for his models. He then helps people use the money to get back on their feet. As for Faris, he used the funds from his portrait to record an album, fulfilling his musical dream. But there’s more to the finished products than the money. Peterson has discovered that the buyers tend to connect to the story of the person in the painting, finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have otherwise overlooked. “People often tell me, ‘I was the one that would cross the street. But I see homeless people differently now,’” Peterson says. “I didn’t know that would happen.” 1. Why did Peterson reach out to Faris? A. He was suddenly curious about him. B. He was touched by a book about love. C. He couldn’t bear his yelling anymore. D. He needed a model for his artistic work. 2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. How Peterson evaluated Faris’ story. B. Why Faris failed to pursue his dream. C. How Peterson and Faris first connected. D. Why Peterson stopped painting for years. 3. Why did Peterson quote people’s words in the last paragraph? A. To appeal to people to buy his portraits. B. To demonstrate his organization’s influence. C. To show the importance of helping the homeless. D. To prove the possibility of befriending the homeless. 4. In which section can we probably read this text? A. People. B. Education. C. Art. D. Entertainment. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述Brian Peterson与无家可归者Matt Faris之间的故事，以及由此引发的创建非营利组织“Faces of Santa Ana”的行动，展现了爱与关怀的力量。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One day, Peterson was relaxing in his living room, reading the book Love Does about the power of love in action, when his quiet was disturbed by the homeless man. Inspired by the book's message, Peterson made an unexpected decision: He was going to go outside and introduce himself.(一天，Peterson正在客厅里放松，阅读一本名为《Love Does》(《爱，就要行动》)的书，书中讲述了“行动中爱的力量”。就在这时，那个无家可归者的声音打破了他的宁静。受书中理念的启发，Peterson做了一个出人意料的决定：他要出门去，主动向对方自我介绍。)”可知，Peterson是受到《Love Does》一书中 “行动中爱的力量” 这一理念的启发，才决定主动与Faris接触并自我介绍。故选B。 2. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In that first conversation, Peterson learned that the man’s name was Matt Faris. He’d moved to California to pursue a career in music, but he soon fell on hard times and ended up homeless for more than a decade.(在第一次交谈中，Peterson得知这个男子名叫Matt Faris。Faris曾为追求音乐事业搬到加利福尼亚，却很快遭遇困境，此后无家可归的状态持续了十多年。)”以及“And even though Peterson, a graduate of the Cleveland Institute of Art, hadn’t picked up a paintbrush in about eight years, he found himself asking if he could paint Faris’portrait(肖像). Faris said yes. (尽管Peterson是克利夫兰艺术学院的毕业生，且已近八年没碰过画笔，他却不由自主地问Faris，能否为他画一幅肖像。Faris答应了。)”可推测，该段主要讲述了Peterson与Faris第一次交谈的内容(Faris的经历)，以及此次交谈后Peterson提出为Faris画肖像、Faris同意的过程，核心是两人初次建立联系的经过。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Peterson has discovered that the buyers tend to connect to the story of the person in the painting, finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have otherwise overlooked. “People often tell me, ‘I was the one that would cross the street. But I see homeless people differently now,’” Peterson says. “I didn’t know that would happen.”(Peterson发现，买家们往往会被画中人物的故事所打动，从中找到共鸣，甚至会与原本可能视而不见的人建立起友谊。“人们经常告诉我，‘以前看到无家可归的人，我会绕到马路对面走。但现在，我看待他们的方式不一样了，’”Peterson说，“这是我当初完全没预料到的。”)”可知，Peterson引用人们的话是为了体现自己创立的“圣安娜面孔”组织及肖像创作工作带来的影响——让人们改变了对无家可归者的固有看法，开始愿意与他们产生联结。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，全文围绕Brian Peterson这一人物展开，讲述了他受书籍启发主动接触无家可归者Matt Faris，进而创立非营利组织“圣安娜面孔”，通过为无家可归者画肖像帮助他们、改变公众对这一群体看法的故事，核心是人物的经历与行动。故选A。 Passage 6 (2026届贵阳市高三年级摸底考试试卷)Women eating alone receive pity — and free champagne(香槟酒). But there’s nothing to pity, or to praise, in a woman’s basic existence. I eat alone at restaurants — and I do it a lot. This usually seems to make people around me uncomfortable. Recently, I went to a restaurant for dinner and mistakenly booked a table for two instead of one. The chef working that night saw me and came to say how sorry she was that I had, in her mind, been abandoned for the evening. Before I could correct her, she gave me an extra dessert for my sadness. I’ve never been afraid to eat alone. Women don’t need encouragement to live an independent life. It is uncomfortable to be treated like a sad, lost lamb just because someone has not accompanied me outside. It is neither brave nor sad for a woman to dine alone. In the 19th century, some hotels reserved separate dining rooms called “ladies’ ordinaries” for women dining alone. Into the 20th century, women could be refused service at pubs or hotel eating rooms without a male. Change was slow to come. Some restaurants maintained different forms of men-only policies. In 1969, Betty Friedan and some other women stormed the Oak Room in the Plaza Hotel to demand that women be allowed in during the male-only lunch hours. The restaurant soon changed its policy — and the agitation(骚动) inspired a wave of protests at other restaurants across the country. In 1970, a federal suit and a new law required New York City’s oldest saloon to abandon its 116-year ban on women. The social stereotype around women dining alone seems to tell us: men occupy the public and women the private. Dining alone hopefully pushes against that view of the world and expands the social imagination on women’s autonomy. The people who offer free drinks aren’t cruel, of course. Quite the opposite: Those are generous and friendly ones. But friendly or not, it’s part of wrong understanding. And when I’m eating alone. I don’t want to be a symbol. I’m just there to read my book, have a middling steak and drink my free champagne in peace. 1. Why did the chef give a dessert to the author? A. The chef wanted to make her stay longer. B. The chef wrongly arranged a table for two. C. The chef showed her sympathy for the author. D. The chef had to have the author eating alone. 2. What caused women to fight against the policies? A. They wanted to have separate rooms. B. They were not treated equally as men. C. They hoped to manage those restaurants. D. They were inspired by previous protests. 3. What does the author think of women dining alone? A. It requires more public attention. B. It prevents women from the world. C. It needs bravery and encouragement. D. It raises awareness of women’s right. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Dining Alone: a Pity for Women? B. Should Women Embrace Privacy? C. Women: How to Say No at Restaurant? D. Do Eating Habits Change Women’s Life? 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了女性独自用餐时遭遇的特殊对待，回顾女性为争取平等用餐权利的抗争，并表达女性独自用餐无需同情、实则关乎自主权的观点。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The chef working that night saw me and came to say how sorry she was that I had, in her mind, been abandoned for the evening. Before I could correct her, she gave me an extra dessert for my sadness.(当晚工作的厨师看到我，过来表示她很遗憾，在她看来，我当晚是被抛弃了。我还没来得及纠正她，她就给了我一份额外的甜点，以慰藉我的“悲伤”)”可知，厨师误以为作者被抛弃而独自用餐，出于同情给了作者甜点。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Into the 20th century, women could be refused service at pubs or hotel eating rooms without a male. Change was slow to come. Some restaurants maintained different forms of men-only policies.(进入20世纪，女性若没有男性陪同，在酒吧或酒店餐厅可能会被拒绝提供服务。变革来得很缓慢。一些餐厅仍维持着各种形式的“仅限男性”政策)”可知，女性因受到与男性不平等的对待(无男性陪同被拒服务、面临仅限男性的政策)，才发起抗争反对这些不公平政策。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Dining alone hopefully pushes against that view of the world and expands the social imagination on women’s autonomy.(独自用餐有望对抗这种世界观，并拓展社会对女性自主权的认知)”可知，作者认为女性独自用餐能够提升人们对女性自主权(属于女性权利范畴)的认知，即唤起对女性权利的意识。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“Women eating alone receive pity — and free champagne (香槟酒). But there’s nothing to pity, or to praise, in a woman’s basic existence. (独自用餐的女性会得到他人的同情，甚至免费的香槟。但女性的正常生活状态，本就无需同情，也无需刻意称赞)”以及下文介绍的作者自身经历、女性争取平等用餐权利的历史及对女性独自用餐的看法可知，本文主要探讨的是“女性独自用餐是否值得同情”这一话题。由此可知，“Dining Alone: a Pity for Women?(独自用餐：女性值得同情吗？)”概括了文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 7 (2025-2026学年河北省部分学校高三上学期9月开学考试试卷英语)Growing up, I was one of those energetic kids who never sat still. I was always doing cartwheels, flips, and generally bouncing off the walls whenever I got the chance. At the age of 4, I started in gymnastics and used that as an outlet for my endless energy for several years. I participated in gymnastics until the age of 10, when I had a conversation with my parents that changed the direction of my life forever. When talking about my early gymnastics career, I failed to mention that I was born with fibular hemimelia(腓侧半肢畸形) — meaning I didn’t have fibulas, ankles, heels, and most of the other bones in my feet. At 18 months old, both of my lower legs were cut off, so I could be fitted with prosthetic(假体的) legs and learn to walk. Then, as a 10-year-old, my parents sat me down to tell me that at some point I would have to wear prosthetics during gymnastics because I would damage my knees from all of the force I was subjecting them to. I tried gymnastics with my prosthetics and it just didn’t feel right. At that point, I knew my future wasn’t in gymnastics. But I always felt like I was a mermaid (美人鱼) or a fish when I got into the water, so after moving on from the beam(平衡木) to the pool, I started doing competitive swimming. Through years of hard training, however, I went from the little girl who wasn’t comfortable doing gymnastics with my prosthetics to a 17-time Paralympic medalist with my eyes squarely set on the next Paralympic Games. I’m often asked by media or people I come across what advice I have for kids with disabilities or kids that might be going through issues in school. My answer is that it’s important to always be confident, find something you’re really passionate about — whether it’s reading, music, cooking, or sports, and really go for it. 1. What was the author’s initial passion? A. Music. B. Gymnastics. C. Cooking. D. Swimming. 2. Why did the author start to work on swimming? A. It was her dream to become a swimmer. B. Her parents stopped her from doing gymnastics. C. She wanted to participate in Paralympic Games. D. Gymnastics with prosthetics made her uncomfortable. 3. Which words can best describe the author? A. Talented and generous. B. Friendly and humorous. C. Energetic and confident. D. Brilliant and warm-hearted. 4. What may be the best title for the text? A. A Disabled Girl’s Sad Story B. To Win Paralympic Medals C. From the Beam to the Pool D. My Great Sports Achievements 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者虽然天生腓侧半肢畸形、幼年截肢，却先投身体操，后因假肢体操不适转练游泳，终于成为17枚残奥会奖牌得主，并分享对困境中孩子的建议。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“At the age of 4, I started in gymnastics and used that as an outlet for my endless energy for several years. (4岁时，我开始练习体操，并在接下来的几年里把它作为我无尽精力的发泄途径)”可知，作者最初的热情是体操。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“I tried gymnastics with my prosthetics and it just didn’t feel right. (我试着用假肢做体操，但感觉就是不对劲)”以及第四段“At that point, I knew my future wasn’t in gymnastics. But I always felt like I was a mermaid (美人鱼) or a fish when I got into the water, so after moving on from the beam (平衡木) to the pool, I started doing competitive swimming. (那时，我知道我的未来不在体操上。但当我下水时，我总是觉得自己像一条美人鱼或一条鱼，所以从平衡木转到游泳池后，我开始进行竞技游泳)”可知，作者开始游泳是因为用假肢做体操让她感到不舒服。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Growing up, I was one of those energetic kids who never sat still. (我从小就是那种精力充沛、从不安静坐着的孩子之一)”以及最后一段“My answer is that it’s important to always be confident, find something you’re really passionate about — whether it’s reading, music, cooking, or sports, and really go for it. (我的回答是，重要的是要始终保持自信，找到你真正热爱的事情——无论是阅读、音乐、烹饪还是运动，然后全力以赴)”可知，作者是一个精力充沛且自信的人。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“At that point, I knew my future wasn’t in gymnastics. But I always felt like I was a mermaid (美人鱼) or a fish when I got into the water, so after moving on from the beam (平衡木) to the pool, I started doing competitive swimming. (那时，我知道我未来不在体操上。但当我下水时，我总是觉得自己像一条美人鱼或一条鱼，所以从平衡木转到游泳池后，我开始进行竞技游泳)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者从体操转向游泳的经历，以及她如何通过努力训练成为残奥会奖牌得主的故事，所以“从平衡木到游泳池”最能概括文章的主题，适合作为文章标题。故选C。 Passage 8 (2025-2026学年河南省高三上学期9月联考英语试卷)Sixteen-year-old Emma stared at the block of clay turning wildly on the potter’s wheel, her shaking hands holding in a circle inches above it. The psychologist had suggested pottery class to calm her panic attacks, but all she felt was depression. “Breathe with the rhythm,” her instructor Mr. Hayes reminded her gently, during which the day her childhood piano had been sold to pay medical bills remained. Since her mother’s cancer was found two years earlier, Emma had hidden herself in a shadow. She quit the school orchestra(管弦乐队), avoided friends, and memorized hospital passageway patterns like sheet music. What she merely trusted was the steady sound of heart monitors. But when her art teacher discovered she drew complicated patterns casually during free periods, she handed Emma a pottery class brochure: “Clay doesn’t judge.” The first month was disastrous. While classmates shaped elegant vases, Emma’s creations collapsed into strange shapes. “Stop forcing control,” Mr. Hayes advised, placing her hands on cool clay. “Let the material speak.” That night, she dreamed of her mother’s hands guiding hers. Waking in tears, Emma returned to the studio at dawn, answering the “call” of clay, which perhaps was her rescuer. Breakthrough came unexpectedly. During a panic episode, Emma unconsciously grabbed raw clay. As she created its delicate surface, her racing thoughts slowed. The next day, she presented a sculpture titled Broken Harmony — a broken bowl with gold decoration flowing through its breaks. The art gallery manager remarked surprisingly, “You’ve grasped kintsugi(金缮工艺), the art of accepting imperfections!” Soon, Emma’s works became healing tools for hospital patients. On the final day of her mother’s chemical treatment for cancer, she placed a kintsugi-inspired music box by her mother’s bedside. Its tiny piano played the music they’d composed together, proving that brokenness could give birth to new beauty. 1. Why did Emma start pottery classes? A. To help manage her anxiety. B. To obtain an art credit. C. To obey her mother’s wish. D. To take up a new hobby. 2. Which best describes Emma’s personal growth? A. Active. B. Passive. C. Determined. D. Ambitious. 3. What does the music box symbolize? A. Childhood homesickness. B. Medical science’s limitations. C. The regret for the loss of memories. D. Reconnection through shared creativity. 4. What core message does the text convey? A. Artistic talent emerges in unexpected ways. B. Traditional crafts require technical precision. C. Family illness strengthens parent-child bonds. D. Healing can arise from accepting imperfection. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Emma患上了惊恐症，通过陶艺疗法逐渐找到了自我，恢复了正常生活。 1. 细节理解题。据第一段的句子“The psychologist had suggested pottery class to calm her panic attacks(心理学家建议她上陶艺课来缓解惊恐症)”可知，Emma开始上陶艺课是为了帮助管理她的焦虑。故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“The first month was disastrous. While classmates shaped elegant vases, Emma’s creations collapsed into strange shapes.(第一个月是灾难性的。当同学们塑造优雅的花瓶时，Emma的作品坍塌成奇怪的形状)”，第四段“Breakthrough came unexpectedly. During a panic episode, Emma unconsciously grabbed raw clay. As she created its delicate surface, her racing thoughts slowed. The next day, she presented a sculpture titled Broken Harmony — a broken bowl with gold decoration flowing through its breaks. The art gallery manager remarked surprisingly, “You’ve grasped kintsugi (金缮工艺), the art of accepting imperfections!”(突破出乎意料地到来了。在一次恐慌中，Emma不自觉地抓住了生粘土。当她创造精致的表面时，她的思绪减慢了。第二天，她展示了一件名为“破碎的和谐”的雕塑——一个破碎的碗，金饰从碗的缝隙中流淌出来。画廊经理惊讶地说：“你掌握了金缮工艺，一种接受不完美的艺术！”)”和第五段的句子“Soon, Emma’s works became healing tools for hospital patients.(很快，Emma的作品成为医院病人的治疗工具)”可知，Emma在陶艺课上经历了从失败到突破的过程，她的成长是坚定的，因为她是在经历了多次失败和情绪低落后逐渐找到自己的艺术表达方式。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“On the final day of her mother’s chemical treatment on cancer, she placed a kintsugi-inspired music box by her mother’s bedside. Its tiny piano played the music they’d composed together, proving that brokenness could give birth to new beauty.(在她母亲接受癌症化疗的最后一天，她把一个金缮风格的音乐盒放在母亲床边。小小的钢琴演奏着他们共同创作的音乐，证明了破碎也能产生新的美)”可知，音乐盒象征着通过共同的创造力重新建立联系。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第四段的句子“You’ve grasped kintsugi(金缮工艺), the art of accepting imperfections!(你已经掌握了金缮工艺 —— 接受不完美的艺术！)”以及最后一段的句子“Its tiny piano played the music they’d composed together, proving that brokenness could give birth to new beauty.(小小的钢琴演奏着他们共同创作的音乐，证明了破碎也能产生新的美)”可知，全文通过陶艺修复隐喻，体现了“接纳不完美实现自我疗愈”的核心主题。故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读理解之主旨大意题 01 思维导图—考法一览无余。 02 解题步骤--解题思路清,三年高考真题让学生了解高考，开悟快。 03 真题模拟集训—精选最新2026各地联考模拟题与高考要求同步,适应学生需求。 主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在快速中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，语言一般简洁、凝练，其干扰项的设置往往比较有迷惑性，属于高层次的阅读理解题。主要有以下几种形式:1.归纳文章标题; 2.概括文章大意(主旨大意); 3. 段落大意题. 一. 归纳文章标题 ★解题方略 根据文章中心句，提炼主题词充当文章标题; 当文章的写作对象特点较多时，常用写作对象的名称充当文章的题目;将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合充当文章的题目 设题方式 ①The best title/headline for this passage might be ________. ②The text/passage could be entitled ________. ③What is the best title for the passage? ④Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? ⑤Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ⑥What would be the best title for the passage? ⑦The most appropriate title of the passage is ________. ⑧What is the main theme of the passage? ★典题演示 There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. … Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective(视角)into specific fields of expertise(专长). The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. … These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D. Ways to Become a Generalist 解题步骤 Step 1 圈定题干关键词：a generalist；a specialist；specialists；Generalists Step 2 定位信息句：根据第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist(做一个通才，而不是专家)”。 Step 3 得出答案：A 二.概括文章大意 ★解题方略 借助段落主题句归纳——常见位置——段首、段中、段末 借助文章主题段归纳——常见位置——首段(新闻报道、议论文、说明文)、末段(记叙文、议论文) 借助主题词归纳——抓住文中出现频率较高的主题词，然后对其进行概括和归纳，确定文章的主旨大意 设题方式 ①This passage chiefly deals with/is mainly concerned about ________. ②What's the topic of the article? ③What is the subject discussed in the text? ④With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned? ⑤What's the main idea/point of the passage? ⑥The subject discussed in this text is ________. ⑦From the passage we know that ________. ⑧Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? ⑨Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage? ⑩In this passage the author discusses primarily ________. The general/main idea of the passage is about ________. ★典题演示 … The poignancy(酸楚)of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind. Humans do not shed skin(蜕皮)as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new. Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin. 44. What does the author most likely want to tell us? A. Love of family helps us survive great hardships. B. It’s not the end of the world if we break things. C. We should move on no matter what happens. D. Past experiences should be treasured. 解题步骤 Step 1 圈定题干关键词：before we are ready；where we begin Step 2 定位信息句：根据倒数第二段“Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.(人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变化的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就改变了我们。我看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。 Step 3 得出答案：C 三. 段落大意题 ★解题方略 要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。如该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要读者充分发挥想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。 设题方式 ①What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...? ②The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ______. ③The first paragraph is mainly about ________. ④Which of the following can best summarize Para.1? 技法点拨 ★例题演示 … Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence? A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies. C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives. 解题步骤 Step 1 圈定题干关键词：the scientific and scholarly study of emotion；new perspectives Step 2 定位信息句：根据最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。 Step 3 得出答案：B Passage 1 (2025新高考I卷C)While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 8. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 9. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 10. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? Passage 2 (2024•浙江1月高考•D)The Stanford marshmallow(棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted(诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded(轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 12. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A. Take an examination alone. B. Show respect for the researchers. C. Share their treats with others. D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 13. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________. A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 14. What does the author suggest readers do? A. Absorb new information readily. B. Be selective information consumers. C. Use diverse information sources. D. Protect the information environment. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C. The Later, the Better D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups Passage 3 (2023∙新高考全国Ⅰ卷)On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 14. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. Passage 1 (2026届福建省福州市高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试题)When Tina Farr visits the year 2 classroom at her Oxford primary school, she can feel the changed atmosphere since play was put firmly back on the curriculum(课程). “The children come running up with things they have made. There is always a shop on the go so they will be pricing up something or finding change.” the headteacher says. Play-based learning — letting children move around, make up games and explore within loosely guided activities — usually stops when they attend primary school. Lessons then become desk-based, focused on reading and writing. Farr had long championed the value of play, working hard to bring it into breaktimes. “Teachers would recognise what we do and it doesn’t take any more planning than the standard approach.” With play-based learning in place for her year 1 and 2 children, Farr then looked at where else she could change any practices that weren’t working. “If a practice isn’t in line with healthy child development, why are we doing it?” The school’s year 5 children — aged nine and 10 — were struggling to sit still in a tight space so she removed all the furniture. “The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.” A teacher note: “Their self-regulation has improved greatly. They settle down to work much more readily.” Farr believes the outdated system needs urgent change. “We have neuroscience (神经科学) to know children learn through play.” In June the school sailed through its Ofsted inspection. “The inspector really understood our play-based learning.” Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out. “It’s blown my mind how engaged the children are. It’s phenomenal,” she says. 1. What change does Farr bring to her school? A. Additional income. B. Flexible environments. C. Upgraded equipment D. Diverse outdoor games. 2. What is the main reason for Farr to introduce play-based learning? A. To reduce teacher’ workload. B. To enhance the school’s reputation. C. To improve students’ academic results. D. To promote kids’ well-being and growth. 3. Which best describes the students with the new seating arrangement? A. More focused. B. More energetic. C. More self-centred. D. More courageous. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about concerning Farr’s approach? A. Its theory. B. Its challenge. C. Its purpose. D. Its effectiveness. Passage 2 (2026届河北省衡水市高三上学期第二次调研考试(二模)The American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow once wrote: “Music is the universal language of mankind.” Music is everywhere. But why do we like it so much? One idea is that we quickly learn the patterns of music, and our brains feel rewarded when they can “guess” what will come next. But it may go deeper than that. Neural resonance(神经共振) theory, or NRT, proposes that, just as our body’s internal clock correspond with the light and dark cycles of the Earth, our brains actually correspond with the pitch and rhythm of music. This may be why we enjoy music so much and why we can dance, keep time with a song, and even compose music. Edward W. Large says this isn’t just an abstract idea. “It’s literally the sound causing a physical resonance in the brain,” he told UConn Today. Along with other researchers from the US, the Netherlands, the UK and Canada, Large recently explained the principles of NRT. The researchers note, for example, that there’s evidence of our brains continuing to react to musical harmonies even after the sounds have stopped. And scans have shown activity in the brain that correlates with keeping time with music, even if the music doesn’t actually have a regular beat the listener can hear. According to NRT, this resonance is what makes us want to move and dance and music connects not just to our ears and our brains, but even to our limbs and our spinal cords(脊髓). “This theory suggests that music is powerful not just because we hear it, but because our brains and bodies become it,” said Caroline Palmer, one of the researchers. “That has big implications for medical application, education and technology,” Palmer said. The researchers say that NRT can give us insight into how the brain and body are connected, how music communicates emotion and how our understanding of the effects of music could be applied to brain health in the future. 1. What might explain why humans enjoy music according to paragraph 1? A. Its universal popularity. B. Its emotional expression. C. Brain’s reward from music. D. Longfellow’s famous quote. 2. What do we know about NRT? A. It shows brain-music link. B. It guides music composition. C. It is about the day-night cycle. D. It tells us how to listen to music. 3. What might be the future impact of NRT research? A. Boosting advances in technology. B. Improving brain-related conditions. C. Facilitating research into emotions. D. Helping understand brain structure. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The universal appeal of music. B. Benefits brain get from music. C. A theory clarifying music’s power. D. The explanation of a universal language. Passage 3 (2025～2026学年度武汉市部分学校高三年级九月调研考试) With a surface hot enough to melt lead in its atmosphere, Venus has been described as “Earth’s evil twin” — similar in size, yet worlds apart. The question of whether Venus was ever habitable has long been a hot topic among scientists. Some astronomers believe the planet was once much more hospitable, but a recent research by Tereza Constantinou, a PhD student from the University of Cambridge, has now dealt a blow to the idea that it ever hosted life as we know it. Constantinou noted that early in the formation of Venus, the planet was covered in a vast sea of magma(岩浆). If this cooled quickly, water would form oceans or be trapped as it crystallised(结晶), meaning the planet’s interior (内部) would be water-rich. As a result, water would be released when volcanoes erupt. “If you look at any photos of volcanism on Earth, you can see these large clouds coming out. Most of that is water,” said Constantinou. But if the magma cooled slowly, water would have ended up as steam in the atmosphere. In this situation, water would not be trapped inside the interior of the planet. Constantinou and his colleagues studied changes in the Venusian atmosphere to cast light on the water content of its interior. When they analysed the amount of substances being refilled, they found very little water was being added. In other words, volcanic eruptions are “dry”. “The shortage of water in volcanic release reflects an equally dry Venusian interior,” said Constantinou. The team announced that their findings did not support the theory that Venus had surface oceans of water in its past, or a habitable climate. Their conclusion could soon be tested. Later this decade, NASA is set to launch a mission to carry out fly-bys of Venus. Constantinou said resolving the question could help astronomers rule out Venus as a habitable planet now that the dry interior of Venus suggests it never has the oceans of liquid water traditionally thought necessary for life to begin. 1. What is the finding of the recent research? A. Venus is Earth’s identical twin. B. Venus sets the whole world apart. C. Venus was unlikely to sustain life. D. Venus was more habitable than thought. 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly talking about concerning the research? A. Its methods. B. Its procedures. C. Its potential impact. D. Its theoretical foundation. 3. How did Constantinou and his colleagues draw their conclusion? A. By analysing the changes of water content. B. By studying the properties of substances. C. By investigating the components of water. D. By examining the differences of volcanoes. 4. What can the finding be used to do according to Constantinou? A. Carry out more fly-bys. B. Identify upcoming threats. C. Conduct Venus observations. D. Narrow down astronomers’ search. Passage 4 (2025-2026学年安徽省蚌埠市高三上学期开学考试英语试卷)Barcelona’s electric 18-year-old winger Lamine Yamal has been handed the famous No 10 shirt previously worn by club icon(偶像) Lionel Messi, capping a remarkable breakthrough season for the teenager. Yamal earned the jersey(球衣) after a remarkable campaign, in which he scored 25 goals for the club in over 100 appearances. The youngster, who wore the No 19 shirt last season, had already committed his long-term future to the club, agreeing a contract extension in May that will keep him at Barcelona until 2031. Having turned 18 on Sunday, Yamal was finally able to sign the contract and make it official. He did so on Wednesday, accompanied by his family. He also received the No 10 shirt from club president Joan Laporta in a special ceremony. The No 10 shirt carries enormous weight at the Camp Nou, having been worn by Messi during his period of great success with numerous trophies(奖杯) at the club that shaped his career. The No 10 has also graced the backs of Barca greats such as Diego Maradona and Ronaldinho, but Yamal said he would not be weighed down by its legacy. “I’ll try to build my own path, but all kids would like to be like them,” Yamal said Wednesday at the club’s announcement. “All three have been incredible players, they’re all legends, and I will try to follow in their footsteps.” “Messi paved the way with the No 10, I will make mine,” Yamal told reporters. “They are three soccer and club legends. Every kid dreams of having something from Messi, Ronaldinho and Maradona. I’ll try to carry on that legacy.” “First, my dream was to debut(首次登场) for Barca and wear the No 10. Everyone who grows up here dreams of that. I’m grateful to the club.” Having also won the European Championship with Spain last year, Yamal said his goal is to win all the other titles that are missing from his trophy collection. “I haven’t won the Champions League and the World Cup,” he said. “These are my goals now.” “My goal is to keep winning and growing,” Yamal said. “It’s the club of my life. It’s my home, I’ve been here since I was seven years old.” 1. What is the main event reported in the text? A. Yamal celebrated his 18th birthday with a ceremony. B. Yamal won the European Championship with Spain. C. Yamal received Barcelona’s legendary No 10 jersey. D. Yamal signed a contract extension with Barcelona. 2. Why is the No 10 shirt special for Barcelona? A. It was first worn by Diego Maradona. B. It represents a legacy of club legends. C. It increases the player’s commercial value. D. It is given only to top goal-scorers each season. 3. How does Yamal view his role as the new No 10? A. He sees it as an honor while paving his own way. B. He regards it as a valuable marketing opportunity. C. He perceives it as a restriction on his own playing style. D. He considers it less important than his contract extension. 4. What is Yamal’s current goal mentioned in the last paragraph? A. To win the Champions League and the World Cup. B. To win the European Championship with Spain. C. To debut for Barca and wear the No 10. D. To leave Barca and join another club. Passage 5 (2026届福建漳州市高三毕业班第一次教学质量检测)In the summer of 2015, Brian Peterson had just moved to Santa Ana, California. Outside his apartment, a homeless man was often yelling on the street corner. Peterson would pass the guy on his way to work, but they never spoke. What could they possibly have in common? One day, Peterson was relaxing in his living room, reading the book Love Does about the power of love in action, when his quiet was disturbed by the homeless man. Inspired by the book's message, Peterson made an unexpected decision: He was going to go outside and introduce himself. In that first conversation Peterson learned that the man’s name was Matt Faris. He’d moved to California to pursue a career in music, but he soon fell on hard times and ended up homeless for more than a decade. Peterson recalled later, “It was strange but I saw beauty on the face of a man who hadn’t shaved or had a shower in probably a year. His story, the life inside of him, inspired me.” And even though Peterson, a graduate of the Cleveland Institute of Art, hadn’t picked up a paintbrush in about eight years, he found himself asking if he could paint Faris’portrait(肖像). Faris said yes. Peterson’s connection with Faris led him to form Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization focused on befriending and painting portraits of members of the community who are unhoused. He sells the portraits for a few thousand dollars and puts half into what he calls a “love account” for his models. He then helps people use the money to get back on their feet. As for Faris, he used the funds from his portrait to record an album, fulfilling his musical dream. But there’s more to the finished products than the money. Peterson has discovered that the buyers tend to connect to the story of the person in the painting, finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have otherwise overlooked. “People often tell me, ‘I was the one that would cross the street. But I see homeless people differently now,’” Peterson says. “I didn’t know that would happen.” 1. Why did Peterson reach out to Faris? A. He was suddenly curious about him. B. He was touched by a book about love. C. He couldn’t bear his yelling anymore. D. He needed a model for his artistic work. 2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. How Peterson evaluated Faris’ story. B. Why Faris failed to pursue his dream. C. How Peterson and Faris first connected. D. Why Peterson stopped painting for years. 3. Why did Peterson quote people’s words in the last paragraph? A. To appeal to people to buy his portraits. B. To demonstrate his organization’s influence. C. To show the importance of helping the homeless. D. To prove the possibility of befriending the homeless. 4. In which section can we probably read this text? A. People. B. Education. C. Art. D. Entertainment. Passage 6 (2026届贵阳市高三年级摸底考试试卷)Women eating alone receive pity — and free champagne(香槟酒). But there’s nothing to pity, or to praise, in a woman’s basic existence. I eat alone at restaurants — and I do it a lot. This usually seems to make people around me uncomfortable. Recently, I went to a restaurant for dinner and mistakenly booked a table for two instead of one. The chef working that night saw me and came to say how sorry she was that I had, in her mind, been abandoned for the evening. Before I could correct her, she gave me an extra dessert for my sadness. I’ve never been afraid to eat alone. Women don’t need encouragement to live an independent life. It is uncomfortable to be treated like a sad, lost lamb just because someone has not accompanied me outside. It is neither brave nor sad for a woman to dine alone. In the 19th century, some hotels reserved separate dining rooms called “ladies’ ordinaries” for women dining alone. Into the 20th century, women could be refused service at pubs or hotel eating rooms without a male. Change was slow to come. Some restaurants maintained different forms of men-only policies. In 1969, Betty Friedan and some other women stormed the Oak Room in the Plaza Hotel to demand that women be allowed in during the male-only lunch hours. The restaurant soon changed its policy — and the agitation(骚动) inspired a wave of protests at other restaurants across the country. In 1970, a federal suit and a new law required New York City’s oldest saloon to abandon its 116-year ban on women. The social stereotype around women dining alone seems to tell us: men occupy the public and women the private. Dining alone hopefully pushes against that view of the world and expands the social imagination on women’s autonomy. The people who offer free drinks aren’t cruel, of course. Quite the opposite: Those are generous and friendly ones. But friendly or not, it’s part of wrong understanding. And when I’m eating alone. I don’t want to be a symbol. I’m just there to read my book, have a middling steak and drink my free champagne in peace. 1. Why did the chef give a dessert to the author? A. The chef wanted to make her stay longer. B. The chef wrongly arranged a table for two. C. The chef showed her sympathy for the author. D. The chef had to have the author eating alone. 2. What caused women to fight against the policies? A. They wanted to have separate rooms. B. They were not treated equally as men. C. They hoped to manage those restaurants. D. They were inspired by previous protests. 3. What does the author think of women dining alone? A. It requires more public attention. B. It prevents women from the world. C. It needs bravery and encouragement. D. It raises awareness of women’s right. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Dining Alone: a Pity for Women? B. Should Women Embrace Privacy? C. Women: How to Say No at Restaurant? D. Do Eating Habits Change Women’s Life? Passage 7 (2025-2026学年河北省部分学校高三上学期9月开学考试试卷英语)Growing up, I was one of those energetic kids who never sat still. I was always doing cartwheels, flips, and generally bouncing off the walls whenever I got the chance. At the age of 4, I started in gymnastics and used that as an outlet for my endless energy for several years. I participated in gymnastics until the age of 10, when I had a conversation with my parents that changed the direction of my life forever. When talking about my early gymnastics career, I failed to mention that I was born with fibular hemimelia(腓侧半肢畸形) — meaning I didn’t have fibulas, ankles, heels, and most of the other bones in my feet. At 18 months old, both of my lower legs were cut off, so I could be fitted with prosthetic(假体的) legs and learn to walk. Then, as a 10-year-old, my parents sat me down to tell me that at some point I would have to wear prosthetics during gymnastics because I would damage my knees from all of the force I was subjecting them to. I tried gymnastics with my prosthetics and it just didn’t feel right. At that point, I knew my future wasn’t in gymnastics. But I always felt like I was a mermaid (美人鱼) or a fish when I got into the water, so after moving on from the beam(平衡木) to the pool, I started doing competitive swimming. Through years of hard training, however, I went from the little girl who wasn’t comfortable doing gymnastics with my prosthetics to a 17-time Paralympic medalist with my eyes squarely set on the next Paralympic Games. I’m often asked by media or people I come across what advice I have for kids with disabilities or kids that might be going through issues in school. My answer is that it’s important to always be confident, find something you’re really passionate about — whether it’s reading, music, cooking, or sports, and really go for it. 1. What was the author’s initial passion? A. Music. B. Gymnastics. C. Cooking. D. Swimming. 2. Why did the author start to work on swimming? A. It was her dream to become a swimmer. B. Her parents stopped her from doing gymnastics. C. She wanted to participate in Paralympic Games. D. Gymnastics with prosthetics made her uncomfortable. 3. Which words can best describe the author? A. Talented and generous. B. Friendly and humorous. C. Energetic and confident. D. Brilliant and warm-hearted. 4. What may be the best title for the text? A. A Disabled Girl’s Sad Story B. To Win Paralympic Medals C. From the Beam to the Pool D. My Great Sports Achievements Passage 8 (2025-2026学年河南省高三上学期9月联考英语试卷)Sixteen-year-old Emma stared at the block of clay turning wildly on the potter’s wheel, her shaking hands holding in a circle inches above it. The psychologist had suggested pottery class to calm her panic attacks, but all she felt was depression. “Breathe with the rhythm,” her instructor Mr. Hayes reminded her gently, during which the day her childhood piano had been sold to pay medical bills remained. Since her mother’s cancer was found two years earlier, Emma had hidden herself in a shadow. She quit the school orchestra(管弦乐队), avoided friends, and memorized hospital passageway patterns like sheet music. What she merely trusted was the steady sound of heart monitors. But when her art teacher discovered she drew complicated patterns casually during free periods, she handed Emma a pottery class brochure: “Clay doesn’t judge.” The first month was disastrous. While classmates shaped elegant vases, Emma’s creations collapsed into strange shapes. “Stop forcing control,” Mr. Hayes advised, placing her hands on cool clay. “Let the material speak.” That night, she dreamed of her mother’s hands guiding hers. Waking in tears, Emma returned to the studio at dawn, answering the “call” of clay, which perhaps was her rescuer. Breakthrough came unexpectedly. During a panic episode, Emma unconsciously grabbed raw clay. As she created its delicate surface, her racing thoughts slowed. The next day, she presented a sculpture titled Broken Harmony — a broken bowl with gold decoration flowing through its breaks. The art gallery manager remarked surprisingly, “You’ve grasped kintsugi(金缮工艺), the art of accepting imperfections!” Soon, Emma’s works became healing tools for hospital patients. On the final day of her mother’s chemical treatment for cancer, she placed a kintsugi-inspired music box by her mother’s bedside. Its tiny piano played the music they’d composed together, proving that brokenness could give birth to new beauty. 1. Why did Emma start pottery classes? A. To help manage her anxiety. B. To obtain an art credit. C. To obey her mother’s wish. D. To take up a new hobby. 2. Which best describes Emma’s personal growth? A. Active. B. Passive. C. Determined. D. Ambitious. 3. What does the music box symbolize? A. Childhood homesickness. B. Medical science’s limitations. C. The regret for the loss of memories. D. Reconnection through shared creativity. 4. What core message does the text convey? A. Artistic talent emerges in unexpected ways. B. Traditional crafts require technical precision. C. Family illness strengthens parent-child bonds. D. Healing can arise from accepting imperfection. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $