精品解析：天津市南开区美达菲学校2025-2026学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题

2025-2026学年第一学期高二英语第一次月考 本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。 第I卷 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分45分） 1. Langping has contributed greatly to volleyball, ______ made her the most popular figure in China and the whole world. A. what B. which C. that D. why 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：郎平为排球事业做出了巨大贡献，这使她成为中国乃至全世界最受欢迎的人物。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句且在句中作主语，先行词为前面整个句子“Langping has contributed greatly to volleyball”，应用which。故选B。 2. The students were told that they ________at the school gate at 2:00 the following afternoon. A. met B. will meet C. were to meet D. were met 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：学生们被告知第二天下午两点在学校门口集合。根据主句的谓语were told可知，宾语从句应用过去的某种时态。再由宾语从句的时间状语at 2:00 the following afternoon可知，宾语从句应用将来时。因此，空处应用过去将来时，were to meet表示按过去的计划安排将在某个过去将来时间发生的事情。故选C项。 3. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _______into buying something they don’t really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在购物的时候，人们有时会忍不住被说服买一些他们并不真正需要的东西。can’t help doing“忍不住做”，且persuade和主语people之间是被动关系，此处使用被动语态，故选C。 4. Would you like ______ shopping with us or do you feel like ______ at home? A. to go; to stay B. going; staying C. going; to stay D. to go; staying 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。句意：你想和我们一起去购物还是想待在家里？“would like to do sth.”是固定表达，意为“想要做某事”；“feel like doing sth.”也是固定用法，意为“想要做某事”。因此，前一空用不定式to go作宾语，第二空用动名词staying作宾语。故选D项。 5. You can never imagine what great difficulty I have ________ physics. A. learned B. learning C. to learn D. for learn 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。句意：你永远想象不到我学物理有多难。“have difficulty (in) doing sth”固定句型，意为“做某事有困难”，其中“in”可省略，后面需接动名词形式作宾语。本句中“what great difficulty I have...”是宾语从句，还原为正常语序为“I have great difficulty...physics”，结合固定句型，此处应用动名词“learning”，故填B。 6. It’s helpful to put children in a situation______ they can see themselves differently. A. when B. which C. that D. where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：把孩子们放在一个他们能以不同的方式看待自己的情形中是有帮助的。本题定语从句的先行词situation属于抽象地点名词，后面定语从句的句子结构很完整，应使用关系副词where在句中做状语。故选D。 7. —Isn’t that Ann’s brother over there? —No. It ________ be him. He never wears glasses. A. won’t B. must not C. can’t D. may not 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。——那边不是安的哥哥吗？——不。不可能是他。他从不戴眼镜。A. won’t将来不会 / 不愿意，表意愿或将来，不表推测；B. must not禁止（不准），“禁止”，不表“不可能”；C. can’t不可能（否定推测），表有把握的否定推测；D. may not可能不是，表不确定的否定推测。根据“He never wears glasses.”可知，说话人非常确定“那不是他”，所以要用最有把握的否定推测。故选C。 8. You should wear a mask in public places to avoid ________ the risk of infection. A. increase B. to increase C. increasing D. increased 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你应该在公共场所戴口罩，以避免增加感染风险。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”，用increase“增加”的动名词形式increasing作宾语。故选C。 9. We managed ________ the airport on time. A. to get B. to get to C. get to D. getting to 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们成功按时到达了机场。manage to do sth.设法做成某事，强调成功做到。get to“到达”，后接地点名词。故选B。 10. I’m very grateful to Mr. Green, with ________ help I realized my dream. A. who B. whose C. which D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常感谢格林先生先生，在他的帮助下我实现了我的梦想。with one’s help“在某人的帮助下”是固定短语，此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词Mr. Green，在从句中作定语，应用whose引导。故选B。 11. Ever since he left school, he ________becoming a professor in that famous university. A. has dreamed of B. had dreamed of C. dreamed of D. was dreaming of 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态辨析。句意：自从他离开学校，他就梦想着成为那所著名大学的教授。A.has dreamed of现在完成时；B.had dreamed of过去完成时；C.dreamed of一般过去时；D. was dreaming of过去进行时。分析句子可知，since引导时间状语从句时，从句是一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成时；由语意可知，自从离开学校，（到现在为止）他一直梦想成为学校的教授，所以现在完成时符合句意。故选A项。 12. She submitted her application to the university cheerfully, but she received a letter of ________. A. acceptance B. rejection C. congratulations D. invitation 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她兴高采烈地向大学递交了申请，但却收到了一封拒绝信。A. acceptance认可；同意；B. rejection拒绝；C. congratulations祝贺；D. invitation邀请。根据“She submitted her application to the university cheerfully,”和转折词“but”可知，她收到大学申请的拒绝信。故选B。 13. His funny stories about his travels never failed to ________ everyone at the party. A. cheer up B. tell off C. fall behind D. crack a smile 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他关于旅行的有趣故事总是使聚会上的每个人都高兴起来。A. cheer up(使)高兴起来；B. tell off斥责，责骂；C. fall behind不能按时完成；D. crack a smile笑了起来。根据“His funny stories”可知，其目的是让人高兴；never failed to“总是能够……”，后面接“正面、成功”的结果。crack a smile虽然也能表达高兴的意思，但后面不能再接宾语everyone。由此可知，cheer up符合语义和语法。故选A。 14. To ________ my remarks, let me restate the message I began this passage with: where there’s a will, there’s a way. A. conclude B. entertain C. shave D. obtain 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在结束我的发言时，让我重申我在这篇文章开头的信息：有志者事竟成。A. conclude结束，得出结论；B. entertain娱乐；C. shave刮脸；D. obtain获得。根据后文“let me restate the message I began this passage with”可知，这是在结束发言时做出的总结。故选A。 15. Humour has been an ________ part of human behaviour for thousands of years. A. emotive B. gentle C. complicated D. essential 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几千年来，幽默一直是人类行为的重要组成部分。A. emotive情绪的；B. gentle温和的；C. complicated复杂的；D. essential非常重要的。根据“part of human behaviour for thousands of years.”可知，幽默在人类行为中是很重要的。故选D。 第二节：完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I always dreamed of becoming a full time writer. After two years as a salesman, I ____16____ my job and made up my mind to realize my ____17____. No one could tell me whether I would succeed or not. I rented a basement and ____18____ to write. I had so many things to write because the enthusiasm (热情) was ____19____ in my heart. After a year or so, ____20____, I began to doubt myself. I found it ___21___ to earn my living by writing. None of my novels were ____22____ that year. But I ____23____ to follow my dream, even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of ____24____. I believed anyone with a dream must learn to struggle for the _____25_____. During the hardest period of my life, a friend came to see me and tried to _____26_____ me, “Come to our company, _____27_____ we will pay you 2,000 dollars a month.” 2,000 dollars was really a big fortune at that time. It would enable me to live a _____28_____ life. As the money was dancing in my _____29_____, something cleared my senses. Hadn’t I dreamed of being a writer, a full-time writer? “Thanks, but no,” I said _____30_____, “I’m going to stick to writing.” Again and again, I said to myself, “I will be _____31_____. People will love my novels.” _____32_____ my first novel was published in 1991. I had the kind of success that few writers ever _____33_____. Twenty years have passed, but the effect it had on my life has _____34_____. Now I often _____35_____ the time working in that cold basement. I will say, “Anyone with a dream and persistence will be successful.” 16. A. took up B. gave up C. applied for D. prepared for 17. A. mistake B. glory C. weakness D. dream 18. A. settled down B. turned down C. bent down D. looked down 19. A. decreasing B. failing C. burning D. exploding 20. A. however B. though C. therefore D. thus 21. A. enjoyable B. difficult C. changeable D. normal 22. A. translated B. attacked C. accepted D. ignored 23. A. pretended B. determined C. waited D. agreed 24. A. anxiety B. danger C. judgement D. failure 25. A. intelligence B. reality C. money D. goal 26. A. persuade B. calm C. warn D. comfort 27. A. or B. but C. and D. so 28. A. healthier B. poorer C. better D. simpler 29. A. head B. life C. future D. ambition 30. A. doubtfully B. eagerly C. willingly D. firmly 31. A. successful B. faithful C. sincere D. generous 32. A. Gradually B. Suddenly C. Actually D. Finally 33. A. admitted B. experienced C. designed D. proved 34. A. ended B. lasted C. changed D. weakened 35. A. dream of B. complain of C. hear of D. think of 【答案】16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要叙述了作者实现成为专职作家的梦想的艰难历程，这让他坚信：只要坚持梦想，就一定能成功。 【16题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当了两年推销员后，我放弃了工作，下定决心实现我的梦想。A. took up占据；B. gave up放弃；C. applied for申请；D. prepared for准备。根据上文“I always dreamed of becoming a full time writer.”可知，作者一直想成为一名专职作家，所以他应该是会放弃做推销员的工作，而全心投入写作。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第1题详解。A. mistake错误；B. glory荣誉；C. weakness弱点；D. dream梦想。根据上文“I always dreamed of becoming a full time writer.”可知，作者一直想成为一名专职作家，所以他应该是想要实现这个梦想。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我租了一个地下室，安顿下来写作。A. settled down安定下来；B. turned down拒绝；C. bent down弯下腰；D. looked down向下看。根据上文“I rented a basement”可知，作者租了一个地下室，应该是想要安顿下来全心投入写作。故选A。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有很多东西要写，因为我的热情在燃烧。A. decreasing下降；B. failing失败；C. burning燃烧；D. exploding爆炸。根据上文“I had so many things to write”可知，作者有很多东西要写，应该是因为他的写作热情在内心燃烧。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，大约一年后，我开始怀疑自己。A. however然而；B. though尽管；C. therefore因此；D. thus因此。根据上文“I had so many things to write because the enthusiasm (热情) was ____4____ in my heart.”和下文“I began to doubt myself.”可知，作者的梦想和现实不一样，所以开始怀疑自己的写作能力。故选A。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发现靠写作谋生很困难。A. enjoyable享受的；B. difficult困难的；C. changeable多改变的；D. normal正常的。根据上文“After a year or so, ____5____, I began to doubt myself.”可知，作者开始怀疑自己的写作能力，所以应该是靠写作谋生就变得很困难。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一年我的小说都没有被接受。A. translated翻译；B. attacked攻击；C. accepted接受；D. ignored忽视。根据上文“After a year or so, ____5____, I began to doubt myself.”可知，作者开始怀疑自己的写作能力，应该是因为他的小说都没有被接受。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我决心追随我的梦想，尽管这意味着生活在不确定性和对失败的恐惧中。A. pretended假装；B. determined下定决心；C. waited等待；D. agreed同意。根据上文“But”和下文“to follow my dream”可知，上下文是转折关系，尽管没有人接受他的作品，但是他还是决定追随梦想。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第8题详解。A. anxiety焦虑；B. danger危险；C. judgement判断；D. failure失败。根据上文“None of my novels were ____7____ that year.”和“it meant living with uncertainty”可知，没有人接受作者的作品，所以，这就应该是意味着生活没有稳定的收入，并且害怕失败。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信任何有梦想的人都必须学会为目标而奋斗。A. intelligence智商；B. reality现实；C. money钱；D. goal目标。根据下文“Anyone with a dream and persistence will be successful.”可知，作者相信只要有梦想，就会为了这个目标而奋斗。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我人生最艰难的时期，一个朋友来看我，试图说服我：“来我们公司，我们每月付给你2000美元。”A. persuade说服；B. calm使冷静；C. warn警告；D. comfort安慰。根据下文“Come to our company, ____12____ we will pay you 2,000 dollars a month.”可知，作者的朋友是需要说服他去他的公司工作。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：见第11题详解。A. or或者；B. but但是；C. and并且；D. so因此。根据上文“Come to our company”和下文“ we will pay you 2,000 dollars a month.”可知，上下文的并列关系，用连词and。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这将使我过上更好的生活。A. healthier更健康的；B. poorer更贫穷的；C. better更好的；D. simpler更简单的。根据上文“2,000 dollars was really a big fortune at that time.”可知，2000元在当时是很大一笔钱，所以应该是会让作者过上更好的生活。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当当这些钱在我脑海里飞舞的时候，某种东西让我清醒了。A. head头；B. life生命；C. future未来；D. ambition抱负。根据上文“As the money was dancing”可知，这里应该是指作者大脑中想到了钱在飞舞。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“谢谢，但不行，”我坚定地说，“我会坚持写作。”A. doubtfully怀疑地；B. eagerly急迫地；C. willingly愿意地；D. firmly坚定地。根据上文“Thanks, but no”可知，作者坚定地拒绝了朋友的建议。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一遍又一遍地对自己说：“我会成功的。人们会喜欢我的小说的。”A. successful成功的；B. faithful忠诚的；C. sincere真诚的；D. generous慷慨的。根据下文“Anyone with a dream and persistence will be successful.”可知，作者认为自己一定会成功。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的第一部小说终于在1991年出版了。A. Gradually渐渐地；B. Suddenly突然；C. Actually实际上；D. Finally最后。根据下文“my first novel was published in 1991”可知，这应该是作者最后努力的结果。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我获得了很少有作家经历过的那种成功。A. admitted承认；B. experienced经历；C. designed设计；D. proved证明。根据上文“I had the kind of success that few writers ever”可知，作者把自己和其他的作家对比，自己经历的比他们要多很多。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：二十年过去了，但它对我生活的影响一直持续着。A. ended结束；B. lasted持续；C. changed改变；D. weakened减弱。根据上文“Twenty years have passed, but the effect it had on my life”可知，这里指尽管已经过去了20年，但是那些经历还是一直持续着影响着他。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在我经常想起在那个寒冷的地下室工作的时光。A. dream of梦想；B. complain of抱怨；C. hear of听说；D. think of想起。根据下文“the time working in that cold basement.”可知，这是作者现在经常想起的以前的经历。故选D。 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Children’s Museum of Oak Ridge Located in a historic Manhattan Project-era building, this museum is the place for visitors to learn about art, science, history, culture, and healthy living. With over 20 child-friendly exhibits to explore, it provides something of interest for everyone. Address: 461 W. Outer Dr. Oak Ridge, TN 37830 Admission: Adults — $8.00; Seniors — $7.00; Children 3 & Up — $6.00; Children under 3 — Free. Children’s Museum of Science and Technology (CMOST) Founded in 1954, CMOST is the region’s only science center. CMOST provides an engaging, child-directed learning environment which enables children to learn and grow through play. Designed for children aged 18 months through the tween years, the museum enables children to observe, think, and learn in a pressure-free environment by pairing creative educational tools and techniques with engaging exhibits to support active learning. Address: 250 Jordan Road Troy, NY 12180 Admission: $8.00 per person aged 2 and up. African American Museum of Iowa (AAMI) The AAMI is a statewide museum aimed at keeping and teaching Iowa’s African American history. As Iowa’s leading educational resource on the topic, it educates more than 30,000 people each year through museum tours, travelling exhibits, research services, youth and adult education programs, and community and fundraising events. Address: 55 12th Avenue SE, Cedar Rapids, IA 52401 Admission: Adults — $6.00; Seniors — $5.00; Students/Youth — $3.50; Children under 5 — Free. King Man Museum King Man Museum is a hidden treasure in Southwest Michigan housing an extensive (大量的) natural history collection. As a local landmark in Battle Creek for over 80 years, King man Museum works to provide a universal place of hands-on learning for the community. Address: 175 Limit St. Battle Creek, MI 49037 Admission: Free. 36. What can we know about CMOST? A. It is a statewide museum. B. It used to be a science lab. C. It uses creative educational tools. D. It is designed for children to play. 37. What’s the goal of African American Museum of Iowa? A. Exhibiting artworks. B. Raising funds for programs. C. Protecting the African American history. D. Providing learning sites for communities. 38. Which museum charges a child aged 5 $6.00? A King Man Museum. B. Children’s Museum of Oak Ridge. C. African American Museum of Iowa. D. Children’s Museum of Science and Technology. 【答案】36. C 37. C 38. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍四家博物馆的特色、地址及门票信息，为不同需求的参观者提供参考。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据Children’s Museum of Science and Technology (CMOST)部分中“the museum enables children to observe, think, and learn in a pressure-free environment by pairing creative educational tools and techniques with engaging exhibits to support active learning.(该博物馆通过将创新教育工具与方法和有趣的展品相结合，支持主动学习，让孩子们在无压力的环境中观察、思考和学习)”可知，CMOST使用创新教育工具。故选C。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据African American Museum of Iowa (AAMI)部分中“The AAMI is a statewide museum aimed at keeping and teaching Iowa’s African American history.(AAMI 是一家全州性的博物馆，旨在保存和传授爱荷华州的非裔美国人历史)”可知，爱荷华州非裔美国人博物馆的目标是保护非裔美国人历史。故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据Children’s Museum of Oak Ridge部分中“Admission: Adults — $8.00; Seniors — $7.00; Children 3 & Up — $6.00; Children under 3 — Free.(门票：成人8美元；老年人7美元；3岁及以上儿童6美元；3岁以下儿童免费)”可知，5岁儿童在橡树岭儿童博物馆需支付6美元门票。故选 B。 B At 15, I unwillingly joined a mountain-climbing camp in the Rockies. My fear of heights made me crazy, but my parents insisted it would “build character.” On the first morning, our instructor, Sarah, gathered us at the base. “This climb isn’t about speed or strength,” she said “It’s about listening — to your body, the mountain, and your teammates.” I rolled my eyes, believed that reaching the summit was the only measure of success. My teammate Jake, a confident athlete, ran ahead, laughing at my slow pace. “You’re wasting time!” he yelled. By midday, however, his confidence broke. Jake fell on a narrow ledge, trembling from thirst and muscle pain. Meanwhile, I adjusted my equipment, drank water every 15 minutes, and studied the rock formations. When storm clouds darkened the sky, panic struck me. Sarah’s voice echoed in my mind: “Control what you can. Let go of what you can’t.” The final stretch tested everyone. Jake fell behind, humbled and silent. I focused on three-step rhythms: plant, pull, and breathe. At the summit, wind beat my face as I gazed at the valley below. Jake approached, voice shaky. “I wanted to prove I was the best,” he admitted. “But I forgot to respect the mountain.” That moment reshaped my understanding of growth — it wasn’t about conquering peaks but embracing humility and patience. Years later, as a guide, I teach philosophy at a high school. One student recently asked, “What if I fail?” I smiled. “Failure isn’t falling, it’s refusing to learn why you fell.” Mountains mirror life’s struggles: unpredictable, demanding, yet transformative (能使人改变的). Every struggle and setback carves resilience (适应力) into our stories. The true summit isn’t a physical place — it’s the wisdom we carry back to the world below. 39. What initial attitude did the author have toward the instructor’s advice? A. Enthusiastic. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Confused. 40. Why did Jake fail to climb the mountain? A. He wanted the author to win. B. He lacked proper equipment. C. He rushed without preparation. D. He had to help other climbers. 41. Which of the following words best describes the author? A. Patiently observant. B. Eagerly ambitious. C. Competitively driven. D. Emotionally attached. 42. What lesson does the author learn from this climbing? A. Winning requires fighting bravely. B. Physical strength guarantees success. C. Teamwork outweighs personal goals. D. Success values steady effort over shortcuts. 43. What does the instructor Sarah emphasize as the key to the climb? A. Reaching the summit faster than others. B. Listening to one’s body, the mountain, and teammates. C. Proving personal strength and courage. D. Avoiding any risks or dangers during the climb. 【答案】39. B 40. C 41. A 42. D 43. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一次登山活动中，从最初对教练建议的怀疑到最终领悟到成长的真谛，即谦逊和耐心比征服高峰更重要。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中““This climb isn’t about speed or strength,” she said “It’s about listening — to your body, the mountain, and your teammates.” I rolled my eyes, believed that reaching the summit was the only measure of success.(“这次攀登不是关于速度或力量，”她说，“而是关于倾听——倾听你的身体、山和队友的声音。”我翻了白眼，认为到达顶峰是衡量成功的唯一标准)”可知，作者最初对教练的建议持怀疑态度。故选B。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“My teammate Jake, a confident athlete, ran ahead, laughing at my slow pace.(我的队友杰克是个自信的运动员，他跑在前面，嘲笑我走得慢)”和“By midday, however, his confidence broke. Jake fell on a narrow ledge, trembling from thirst and muscle pain.(然而，到了中午，他的信心破灭了。杰克摔在狭窄的岩架上，因口渴和肌肉疼痛而颤抖)”可知，杰克失败是因为他急于求成，没有做好充分的准备就匆匆上山。故选C。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Meanwhile, I adjusted my equipment, drank water every 15 minutes, and studied the rock formations.(与此同时，我调整了装备，每15分钟喝一次水，并研究了岩层)”和第三段中“I focused on three-step rhythms: plant, pull, and breathe.(我专注于三步节奏：踩稳、拉起、呼吸)”可知，作者在登山过程中表现得很有耐心，并且善于观察周围的环境和自身的状况。故选A。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“That moment reshaped my understanding of growth — it wasn’t about conquering peaks but embracing humility and patience.(那一刻重塑了我对成长的理解——它不是关于征服高峰，而是关于拥抱谦逊和耐心)”和最后一段中“Every struggle and setback carves resilience (适应力) into our stories. The true summit isn’t a physical place — it’s the wisdom we carry back to the world below.(每一次挣扎和挫折都在我们的故事中刻下了适应力。真正的顶峰不是一个物理上的地方——而是我们带回下面世界的智慧)”可知，作者从这次登山中领悟到的教训是：成功更看重稳定的努力而不是走捷径。故选D。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“ “This climb isn’t about speed or strength,” she said “It’s about listening — to your body, the mountain, and your teammates.”(“这次攀登不是关于速度或力量，”她说，“而是关于倾听——倾听你的身体、山和队友的声音。”)”可知，教练Sarah强调的关键是倾听自己的身体、山和队友的声音。故选B。 C A large amount of great scientific discoveries is not actually discovered but borrowed. That was the case when scientists discovered proteins from an unlikely lender: green algae (绿藻), whose cells are modified with proteins that can sense light. The light-sensing protein promised the power to control neurons (神经元) by providing a way to turn them on and off. Such ability, first noticed in 2002, quickly caught the attention of brain scientists: Nerve cells which were genetically engineered to produce such proteins become light-controlled. A flash of light could cause a quiet neuron to send signals or force an active neuron to fall silent. “This is the light sensor that we needed,” says Zhuo-Hua Pan, a scientist searching for a way to control vision cells in mice’s eyes. The method is now called optogenetics (光遗传学). In Pan’s lab, light-responsive proteins restored vision in mice with damaged eyesight, a finding that has now led to a medical test on people. Optogenetics’ promise wasn’t clear in early days, as scientists were first learning how to use these proteins in neurons. “At that time, no one expected that this optogenetic work would have such a huge impact,” Pan says. The algae’s light sensors have been adopted for use in countless brain research fields. Talia, another scientist, uses optogenetics to study connections between cells in the mouse brain. The method allows her to comb the relationships between cells that produce and respond to dopamine (多巴胺), which might help uncover details about motivation and learning. So far, optogenetics research has taken place mostly in mice. But findings into more complex brains like human brain may soon be confirmed. “We are definitely on the tip of uncovering some fascinating principles of the human brain, such as how the brain transforms signals from the eyes into perceptions,” says Yasmine of Columbia University. No matter what happens next in this swiftly moving field, one thing is certain: Brain scientists will be forever in the algae’s debt. 44. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The origin of neurons. B. The varieties of neurons. C. The discovery of green algae. D. The inspiration from green algae. 45. What can we learn from Pan’s research? A. The findings are used to cure brain diseases. B. Relationships between cells have been found. C. Impaired eyesight is likely to be restored. D. The light-sensing protein is the key to the brain. 46. What’s Yasmine’s attitude towards the future of her research? A. Critical. B. Cautious. C. Confident. D. Unclear. 47. Which section is this text most probably taken from? A. Health. B. Botany. C. Figure. D. Invention 48. What is the primary reason that brain scientists are “forever in the algae’s debt”? A. Green algae provided a direct cure for human blindness. B. Green algae inspired the creation of the term “optogenetics”. C. Green algae donated light-sensing proteins that revolutionized neural control. D. Green algae helped scientists understand how dopamine affects motivation. 【答案】44. D 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了绿藻中的光感蛋白对神经科学研究产生的重大影响及光遗传学的研究前景。 【44题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The light-sensing protein promised the power to control neurons (神经元) by providing a way to turn them on and off. Such ability, first noticed in 2002, quickly caught the attention of brain scientists: Nerve cells which were genetically engineered to produce such proteins become light-controlled. A flash of light could cause a quiet neuron to send signals or force an active neuron to fall silent. “This is the light sensor that we needed,” says Zhuo-Hua Pan, a scientist searching for a way to control vision cells in mice’s eyes. The method is now called optogenetics (光遗传学).(这种光敏蛋白质蕴含着控制神经元的潜力：它能提供一种“开关”机制，让神经元得以被激活或抑制。2002年，科学家首次发现这种特性，它很快吸引了脑科学家的关注 —— 通过基因工程改造，能产生这类蛋白质的神经细胞，会变成可由光线控制的“光控细胞”。一束光，既能让原本静止的神经元发出信号，也能让活跃的神经元停止活动。“这正是我们需要的光传感器。”正在研究如何控制小鼠眼部视觉细胞的科学家潘卓华表示。如今，这种利用光线控制细胞的方法被称为“光遗传学”)”可知，第二段主要讲述了从绿藻中得到的光感蛋白给了科学家控制神经元的启发。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“In Pan’s lab, light-responsive proteins restored vision in mice with damaged eyesight, a finding that has now led to a medical test on people.(在潘卓华的实验中，光敏蛋白恢复了视力受损小鼠的视力，这一发现现已导致对人类进行医学测试)”可知，在潘卓华的实验中，光敏蛋白恢复了视力受损小鼠的视力，说明受损的视力有可能被恢复。故选C。 46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中““We are definitely on the tip of uncovering some fascinating principles of the human brain, such as how the brain transforms signals from the eyes into perceptions,” says Yasmine of Columbia University.(哥伦比亚大学的Yasmine说：“我们肯定正处于揭开人类大脑一些迷人原理的边缘，比如大脑如何将来自眼睛的信号转化为感知。”)”可知，Yasmine认为他们肯定正处于揭开人类大脑一些迷人原理的边缘，说明她对研究的未来是充满信心的。故选C。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“A large amount of great scientific discoveries is not actually discovered but borrowed. That was the case when scientists discovered proteins from an unlikely lender: green algae (绿藻), whose cells are modified with proteins that can sense light.(许多伟大的科学发现实际上并不是被发现的，而是被借鉴的。当科学家从一个不太可能的出借者那里发现蛋白质时，情况就是这样：绿藻，它的细胞被能感知光的蛋白质所改变)”可知，本文主要介绍了光感蛋白对神经科学研究产生的重大影响，这属于健康医学领域的内容，所以文章最有可能出自健康版块。故选A。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The light-sensing protein promised the power to control neurons (神经元) by providing a way to turn them on and off. Such ability, first noticed in 2002, quickly caught the attention of brain scientists: Nerve cells which were genetically engineered to produce such proteins become light-controlled. A flash of light could cause a quiet neuron to send signals or force an active neuron to fall silent.(这种光敏蛋白质蕴含着控制神经元的潜力：它能提供一种“开关”机制，让神经元得以被激活或抑制。2002年，科学家首次发现这种特性，它很快吸引了脑科学家的关注 —— 通过基因工程改造，能产生这类蛋白质的神经细胞，会变成可由光线控制的“光控细胞”。一束光，既能让原本静止的神经元发出信号，也能让活跃的神经元停止活动)”以及最后一段“No matter what happens next in this swiftly moving field, one thing is certain: Brain scientists will be forever in the algae’s debt.(无论这个迅速发展的领域接下来会发生什么，有一件事是肯定的：脑科学家将永远欠绿藻的情)”可知，脑科学家“永远欠绿藻的情”的主要原因是绿藻捐赠了光感蛋白，这些蛋白彻底改变了神经控制。故选C。 D In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett — “Try again. Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory Nevertheless, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue (贬低) the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad Sjastad explains that the “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism (机制) . “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.” If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says. It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing has happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 49. What can we learn from paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”? A. It protects us from false feedback. B. It pictures us as competitive people. C. It poses a severe threat to the self-image. D. It denies negative feedback to ourselves. 50. What is the author’s attitude towards failure? A Short-sighted. B. Wait-and-see. C. Objective. D. Skeptical. 51. What does the underlined word “prematurely” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Unhappily. B. Mistakenly. C. Hurriedly. D. Carelessly 52. Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A. Don’t escape when our self-image is broken. B. Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy. C. Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”. D. Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. 53. What is the main purpose of the author mentioning Samuel Beckett’s quote at the beginning of the passage? A. To show the popularity of motivational literature in today’s society. B. To introduce the common positive view on failure as a learning opportunity. C. To criticize inspirational speakers for misleading the public. D. To contrast with the following discussion on the “sour-grape effect”. 【答案】49. D 50. C 51. C 52. A 53. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了当今励志文学中对失败的积极看法，同时指出大多数人难以建设性地处理失败，引出“酸葡萄效应”这一自我保护机制，分析了其产生原因和影响，最后强调要正确面对失败。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism. “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. (Sjastad解释说“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制。“我们大多数人把自己想象成有能力的人，所以当外部反馈表明情况并非如此时，这种自我形象就会受到严重威胁，”他表示。)”可知，“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制，会否认外界对于我们的负面反馈，故选D。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy. (这并不意味着我们应该一直坚持目标。如果这个过程不再让我们感到快乐，那么改变雄心壮志可能是健康的。)”和最后一段“Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. (失败是不可避免的。通过学会面对失望，而不是贬低它的重要性，假装什么都没发生，你可能会发现更容易实现你的目标。)”可知，作者认为失败是不可避免的，有时候我们需要失败，同时要面对失败，由此可推知，作者从正反两方面来对待失败，所以说作者对待失败的态度是客观的，故选C。 【51题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. (而不是坚持一会儿，看看我们是否可以学习和提高。)”可知，前后是对比关系，即酸葡萄效应可能导致我们过早地做出这个决定，而不是坚持一会儿，看看我们是否可以学习和提高，由此可推知，划线单词“prematurely”，与“hanging on a little”意思相反，意为“过早地”，与C项“匆忙地”意思相近，故选C。 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. (失败是不可避免。通过学会面对失望，而不是贬低它的重要性，假装什么都没发生，你可能会发现更容易实现你的目标。)”可推知，作者通过全文的讨论，呼吁大家树立正确的失败观，警惕“酸葡萄效应”，当我们完美的自我形象受到外界负面反馈的影响时，不要逃避，不要贬低自己的价值，要勇敢地面对，从中得到学习和提高，故作者最有可能同意A项“当我们的自我形象被打破时，不要逃避”，故选A。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。文章开头引用塞缪尔・贝克特的名言“Try again. Fail again. Fail better. (再尝试。再失败。败得更精彩。)”，引出当下励志文学中“失败是成功的重要垫脚石”这一普遍积极观点；随后话锋一转，通过“Nevertheless(然而)” 引出心理学研究结论——多数人难以建设性地应对失败，进而介绍“酸葡萄效应”。由此可见，作者开头引用名言是为了与后文关于“酸葡萄效应”的讨论形成对比，突出人们在实际应对失败时与理想中积极态度的差距，故选D。 第II卷 第三部分：写作 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 A poor little boy was at a loss (不知所措的) when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal, he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry, so she brought him a large glass of milk.He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much should I pay you?” “You needn’t pay anything,” she replied. “My mother has taught me never to accept paying for kindness.” He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, because of the young woman’s kindness and help, his faith (信心) in humanity (人性) had increased . Years later, the young woman became gravely ill. The local doctors were puzzled. They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists (专家) could be called in to study her rare disease (罕见的疾病). Dr.Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the consultation (咨询会) When he heard the name of the town she came from, he immediately rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room. He recognized her at once. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. After a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill (账单) to him for approval (批准). He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she was positive that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off.Finally, she looked and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words ... “Paid in full with a glass of milk.” At this moment, she at once realized the medical expense was actually paid by the doctor himself. Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently: “Thank you. Love has spread through human hearts and hands.” 54. What did the little boy pay for the milk? (no more than 5 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 55. Why did the little boy believe more in humanity? (no more than 10 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 56. What does the underlined word“gravely” mean in the third paragraph? (1 word) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 57. Who paid the medical expense actually? (no more than 12 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 58. What can you learn from the passage? (no more than 20 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】54. He paid nothing. 55. Because of the young woman’s kindness and help. 56. Seriously. 57. Dr. Howard Kelly paid the medical expense. 58. Kindness brings rewards; love spreads through hearts and hands. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个贫穷小男孩得到一位年轻女子的一杯牛奶帮助，多年后成为医生的男孩回报女子恩情的故事，体现了善良与爱的传递。 【54题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“You needn’t pay anything,” she replied.(“你不需要支付任何费用，”她回答道。)可知，小男孩没有为牛奶付钱。故答案为He paid nothing. 【55题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“As Howard Kelly left that house, because of the young woman’s kindness and help, his faith in humanity had increased. (当霍华德・凯利离开那所房子时，由于这位年轻女子的善良和帮助，他对人性的信心增强了。)”可知，小男孩因女子的善良和帮助而更相信人性。故答案为Because of the young woman’s kindness and help. 【56题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据第三段中的“The local doctors were puzzled. They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists could be called in to study her rare disease.(当地医生感到困惑，最终将她送往大城市，邀请专家研究她的罕见疾病。)”可知，医生看到他的并感到困惑病送往大城市，由此可推断，此处指的是她的病情严重，所以划线单词的意思与“严重地”意义相近。故答案为Seriously. 【57题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“At this moment, she at once realized the medical expense was actually paid by the doctor himself. (此时，她立刻意识到医疗费实际上是医生自己支付的。)”结合前文可知，“医生”即霍华德・凯利，由此可知，是霍华德・凯利医生支付的医药费。故答案为Dr. Howard Kelly paid the medical expense. 【58题详解】 开放性题目。全文通过“一杯牛奶”的善举与回报，体现了善良会带来回报、爱通过心灵和双手传递的主题。故答案为Kindness brings rewards; love spreads through hearts and hands.(开放性试题，答案合理即可)。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年第一学期高二英语第一次月考 本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。 第I卷 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分45分） 1. Langping has contributed greatly to volleyball, ______ made her the most popular figure in China and the whole world. A. what B. which C. that D. why 2. The students were told that they ________at the school gate at 2:00 the following afternoon. A. met B. will meet C. were to meet D. were met 3. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _______into buying something they don’t really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 4. Would you like ______ shopping with us or do you feel like ______ at home? A. to go; to stay B. going; staying C. going; to stay D. to go; staying 5. You can never imagine what great difficulty I have ________ physics. A. learned B. learning C. to learn D. for learn 6. It’s helpful to put children in a situation______ they can see themselves differently. A. when B. which C. that D. where 7. —Isn’t that Ann’s brother over there? —No It ________ be him. He never wears glasses. A. won’t B. must not C. can’t D. may not 8. You should wear a mask in public places to avoid ________ the risk of infection. A. increase B. to increase C. increasing D. increased 9. We managed ________ the airport on time. A. to get B. to get to C. get to D. getting to 10. I’m very grateful to Mr. Green, with ________ help I realized my dream. A. who B. whose C. which D. that 11. Ever since he left school, he ________becoming a professor in that famous university. A. has dreamed of B. had dreamed of C. dreamed of D. was dreaming of 12. She submitted her application to the university cheerfully, but she received a letter of ________. A. acceptance B. rejection C. congratulations D. invitation 13. His funny stories about his travels never failed to ________ everyone at the party. A cheer up B. tell off C. fall behind D. crack a smile 14. To ________ my remarks, let me restate the message I began this passage with: where there’s a will, there’s a way. A. conclude B. entertain C. shave D. obtain 15. Humour has been an ________ part of human behaviour for thousands of years. A. emotive B. gentle C. complicated D. essential 第二节：完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I always dreamed of becoming a full time writer. After two years as a salesman, I ____16____ my job and made up my mind to realize my ____17____. No one could tell me whether I would succeed or not. I rented a basement and ____18____ to write. I had so many things to write because the enthusiasm (热情) was ____19____ in my heart. After a year or so, ____20____, I began to doubt myself. I found it ___21___ to earn my living by writing. None of my novels were ____22____ that year. But I ____23____ to follow my dream, even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of ____24____. I believed anyone with a dream must learn to struggle for the _____25_____. During the hardest period of my life, a friend came to see me and tried to _____26_____ me, “Come to our company, _____27_____ we will pay you 2,000 dollars a month.” 2,000 dollars was really a big fortune at that time. It would enable me to live a _____28_____ life. As the money was dancing in my _____29_____, something cleared my senses. Hadn’t I dreamed of being a writer, a full-time writer? “Thanks, but no,” I said _____30_____, “I’m going to stick to writing.” Again and again, I said to myself, “I will be _____31_____. People will love my novels.” _____32_____ my first novel was published in 1991. I had the kind of success that few writers ever _____33_____. Twenty years have passed, but the effect it had on my life has _____34_____. Now I often _____35_____ the time working in that cold basement. I will say, “Anyone with a dream and persistence will be successful.” 16. A. took up B. gave up C. applied for D. prepared for 17. A. mistake B. glory C. weakness D. dream 18. A. settled down B. turned down C. bent down D. looked down 19. A. decreasing B. failing C. burning D. exploding 20. A. however B. though C. therefore D. thus 21. A. enjoyable B. difficult C. changeable D. normal 22. A. translated B. attacked C. accepted D. ignored 23. A. pretended B. determined C. waited D. agreed 24. A. anxiety B. danger C. judgement D. failure 25. A. intelligence B. reality C. money D. goal 26. A. persuade B. calm C. warn D. comfort 27. A. or B. but C. and D. so 28. A. healthier B. poorer C. better D. simpler 29. A. head B. life C. future D. ambition 30. A. doubtfully B. eagerly C. willingly D. firmly 31. A. successful B. faithful C. sincere D. generous 32. A. Gradually B. Suddenly C. Actually D. Finally 33. A. admitted B. experienced C. designed D. proved 34. A. ended B. lasted C. changed D. weakened 35. A. dream of B. complain of C. hear of D. think of 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Children’s Museum of Oak Ridge Located in a historic Manhattan Project-era building, this museum is the place for visitors to learn about art, science, history, culture, and healthy living. With over 20 child-friendly exhibits to explore, it provides something of interest for everyone. Address: 461 W. Outer Dr. Oak Ridge, TN 37830 Admission: Adults — $8.00; Seniors — $7.00; Children 3 & Up — $6.00; Children under 3 — Free. Children’s Museum of Science and Technology (CMOST) Founded in 1954, CMOST is the region’s only science center. CMOST provides an engaging, child-directed learning environment which enables children to learn and grow through play. Designed for children aged 18 months through the tween years, the museum enables children to observe, think, and learn in a pressure-free environment by pairing creative educational tools and techniques with engaging exhibits to support active learning. Address: 250 Jordan Road Troy, NY 12180 Admission: $8.00 per person aged 2 and up. African American Museum of Iowa (AAMI) The AAMI is a statewide museum aimed at keeping and teaching Iowa’s African American history. As Iowa’s leading educational resource on the topic, it educates more than 30,000 people each year through museum tours, travelling exhibits, research services, youth and adult education programs, and community and fundraising events. Address: 55 12th Avenue SE, Cedar Rapids, IA 52401 Admission: Adults — $6.00; Seniors — $5.00; Students/Youth — $3.50; Children under 5 — Free. King Man Museum King Man Museum is a hidden treasure in Southwest Michigan housing an extensive (大量的) natural history collection. As a local landmark in Battle Creek for over 80 years, King man Museum works to provide a universal place of hands-on learning for the community. Address: 175 Limit St. Battle Creek, MI 49037 Admission: Free. 36. What can we know about CMOST? A. It is a statewide museum. B. It used to be a science lab. C. It uses creative educational tools. D. It is designed for children to play. 37. What’s the goal of African American Museum of Iowa? A. Exhibiting artworks. B. Raising funds for programs. C. Protecting the African American history. D. Providing learning sites for communities. 38. Which museum charges a child aged 5 $6.00? A. King Man Museum. B. Children’s Museum of Oak Ridge. C. African American Museum of Iowa. D. Children’s Museum of Science and Technology. B At 15, I unwillingly joined a mountain-climbing camp in the Rockies. My fear of heights made me crazy, but my parents insisted it would “build character.” On the first morning, our instructor, Sarah, gathered us at the base. “This climb isn’t about speed or strength,” she said “It’s about listening — to your body, the mountain, and your teammates.” I rolled my eyes, believed that reaching the summit was the only measure of success. My teammate Jake, a confident athlete, ran ahead, laughing at my slow pace. “You’re wasting time!” he yelled. By midday, however, his confidence broke. Jake fell on a narrow ledge, trembling from thirst and muscle pain. Meanwhile, I adjusted my equipment, drank water every 15 minutes, and studied the rock formations. When storm clouds darkened the sky, panic struck me. Sarah’s voice echoed in my mind: “Control what you can. Let go of what you can’t.” The final stretch tested everyone. Jake fell behind, humbled and silent. I focused on three-step rhythms: plant, pull, and breathe. At the summit, wind beat my face as I gazed at the valley below. Jake approached, voice shaky. “I wanted to prove I was the best,” he admitted. “But I forgot to respect the mountain.” That moment reshaped my understanding of growth — it wasn’t about conquering peaks but embracing humility and patience. Years later, as a guide, I teach philosophy at a high school. One student recently asked, “What if I fail?” I smiled. “Failure isn’t falling, it’s refusing to learn why you fell.” Mountains mirror life’s struggles: unpredictable, demanding, yet transformative (能使人改变的). Every struggle and setback carves resilience (适应力) into our stories. The true summit isn’t a physical place — it’s the wisdom we carry back to the world below. 39. What initial attitude did the author have toward the instructor’s advice? A. Enthusiastic. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Confused. 40. Why did Jake fail to climb the mountain? A. He wanted the author to win. B. He lacked proper equipment. C. He rushed without preparation. D. He had to help other climbers. 41 Which of the following words best describes the author? A. Patiently observant. B. Eagerly ambitious. C. Competitively driven. D. Emotionally attached. 42. What lesson does the author learn from this climbing? A. Winning requires fighting bravely. B. Physical strength guarantees success. C. Teamwork outweighs personal goals. D. Success values steady effort over shortcuts. 43. What does the instructor Sarah emphasize as the key to the climb? A. Reaching the summit faster than others. B. Listening to one’s body, the mountain, and teammates. C. Proving personal strength and courage. D. Avoiding any risks or dangers during the climb. C A large amount of great scientific discoveries is not actually discovered but borrowed. That was the case when scientists discovered proteins from an unlikely lender: green algae (绿藻), whose cells are modified with proteins that can sense light. The light-sensing protein promised the power to control neurons (神经元) by providing a way to turn them on and off. Such ability, first noticed in 2002, quickly caught the attention of brain scientists: Nerve cells which were genetically engineered to produce such proteins become light-controlled. A flash of light could cause a quiet neuron to send signals or force an active neuron to fall silent. “This is the light sensor that we needed,” says Zhuo-Hua Pan, a scientist searching for a way to control vision cells in mice’s eyes. The method is now called optogenetics (光遗传学). In Pan’s lab, light-responsive proteins restored vision in mice with damaged eyesight, a finding that has now led to a medical test on people. Optogenetics’ promise wasn’t clear in early days, as scientists were first learning how to use these proteins in neurons. “At that time, no one expected that this optogenetic work would have such a huge impact,” Pan says. The algae’s light sensors have been adopted for use in countless brain research fields. Talia, another scientist, uses optogenetics to study connections between cells in the mouse brain. The method allows her to comb the relationships between cells that produce and respond to dopamine (多巴胺), which might help uncover details about motivation and learning. So far, optogenetics research has taken place mostly in mice. But findings into more complex brains like human brain may soon be confirmed. “We are definitely on the tip of uncovering some fascinating principles of the human brain, such as how the brain transforms signals from the eyes into perceptions,” says Yasmine of Columbia University. No matter what happens next in this swiftly moving field, one thing is certain: Brain scientists will be forever in the algae’s debt. 44. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The origin of neurons. B. The varieties of neurons. C. The discovery of green algae. D. The inspiration from green algae. 45. What can we learn from Pan’s research? A. The findings are used to cure brain diseases. B. Relationships between cells have been found. C. Impaired eyesight is likely to be restored. D. The light-sensing protein is the key to the brain. 46. What’s Yasmine’s attitude towards the future of her research? A. Critical. B. Cautious. C. Confident. D. Unclear. 47. Which section is this text most probably taken from? A. Health. B. Botany. C. Figure. D. Invention 48. What is the primary reason that brain scientists are “forever in the algae’s debt”? A. Green algae provided a direct cure for human blindness. B. Green algae inspired the creation of the term “optogenetics”. C. Green algae donated light-sensing proteins that revolutionized neural control. D. Green algae helped scientists understand how dopamine affects motivation. D In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett — “Try again. Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory Nevertheless, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue (贬低) the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad Sjastad explains that the “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism (机制) . “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.” If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says. It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing has happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 49. What can we learn from paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”? A. It protects us from false feedback. B. It pictures us as competitive people. C. It poses a severe threat to the self-image. D. It denies negative feedback to ourselves. 50 What is the author’s attitude towards failure? A. Short-sighted. B. Wait-and-see. C. Objective. D. Skeptical. 51 What does the underlined word “prematurely” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Unhappily. B. Mistakenly. C. Hurriedly. D. Carelessly 52. Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A. Don’t escape when our self-image is broken. B. Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy. C. Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”. D. Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. 53. What is the main purpose of the author mentioning Samuel Beckett’s quote at the beginning of the passage? A. To show the popularity of motivational literature in today’s society. B. To introduce the common positive view on failure as a learning opportunity. C. To criticize inspirational speakers for misleading the public. D. To contrast with the following discussion on the “sour-grape effect”. 第II卷 第三部分：写作 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 A poor little boy was at a loss (不知所措的) when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal, he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry, so she brought him a large glass of milk.He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much should I pay you?” “You needn’t pay anything,” she replied. “My mother has taught me never to accept paying for kindness.” He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, because of the young woman’s kindness and help, his faith (信心) in humanity (人性) had increased . Years later, the young woman became gravely ill. The local doctors were puzzled. They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists (专家) could be called in to study her rare disease (罕见的疾病). Dr.Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the consultation (咨询会) When he heard the name of the town she came from, he immediately rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room. He recognized her at once. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. After a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill (账单) to him for approval (批准). He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she was positive that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off.Finally, she looked and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words ... “Paid in full with a glass of milk.” At this moment, she at once realized the medical expense was actually paid by the doctor himself. Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently: “Thank you. Love has spread through human hearts and hands.” 54. What did the little boy pay for the milk? (no more than 5 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 55. Why did the little boy believe more in humanity? (no more than 10 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 56. What does the underlined word“gravely” mean in the third paragraph? (1 word) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 57. Who paid the medical expense actually? (no more than 12 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 58. What can you learn from the passage? (no more than 20 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $