Unit 2 Saving the Earth单元话题阅读理解练习-2025-2026学年九年级英语上册单元重难点易错题精练（仁爱科普版）

Unit 2 Saving the Earth 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 2 Saving the Earth单元话题：环境保护 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 In China, people usually set off fireworks to celebrate the Spring Festival. But this year seemed very quiet. It was really different. A man called Zhang Wei was asked by a reporter in an interview. He said that his friends and he hadn’t set off a single firework. “We all suffered from smog (雾霾). If we don’t call an end to the fireworks, the environment will get worse and worse during the holiday,” said Zhang Wei. He put up a notice in his community in Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province. In the notice, he called on more people to set off fewer fireworks during this year’s Spring Festival holiday. Lots of parents agreed with Zhang Wei’s idea. They said that they hated the noise of fireworks. The noise used to wake up their babies too early. The babies really needed quiet mornings. More Chinese looked forward to celebrating the holiday in a greener way. They decided not to set off fireworks. They also decided not to waste food. They said that the new celebrations sounded fashionable. “My family didn’t buy any fireworks this year. Instead, we donated the money to the charity. It’s good for the environment and charity as well!” Internet user “Fighter” wrote on the Internet. 1．How do people usually celebrate Spring Festival in China? A．By putting up a notice. B．By donating the money to the charity. C．By not wasting food. D．By setting off fireworks. 2．Lots of parents hated the noise of fireworks because _________. A．they couldn’t afford to buy them B．fireworks were too expensive C．the noise might wake up their babies D．fireworks might cause fire 3．More people decided ________. A．not to get together B．not to set off fireworks C．not to throw away more food D．to call an end to all the celebrations 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Spring Festival Goes Green B．Spring Festival Celebrations C．Fireworks and Noise D．Don’t Waste Food When settlers (移民) came to America during the 1600s, they were surprised to find so many trees. Some trees were so huge that a large man couldn’t put his arms around them. Those trees helped the settlers a lot. They were glad and thankful to have these trees. They used them to build houses and make fire. From the wood of the trees, they made furniture, tools and so on. Most people thought the forests would last forever. However, by 1800, America had its first wood shortage. How did it happen? People had not known that trees were being cut down faster than new ones could grow. Some American people made trips to foreign countries, and there they saw destroyed forests and learned the importance of protecting forests. They came back to the United States and warned that if Americans didn’t use trees more carefully and wisely, someday the forests would all be gone. However, people were not ready to listen. Years went by, and America’s forests kept disappearing. It made some people really worried. But they did nothing. Finally, J. Sterling Morton, the man who is remembered as the father of Arbor Day, got people to listen. He named a day Tree-Planting Day, or Arbor Day. He worked hard to make Arbor Day a national holiday. On that day, people usually plant trees. Today, millions of trees have been planted in the United States because of Arbor Day. It’s such a good idea that many other countries now also have Arbor Day. Many trees are being planted all over the world because of J. Sterling Morton’s work. 1．Why were settlers surprised when they came to America in the 1600s? A．Because there were so many trees in America. B．Because there were so many houses in America. C．Because trees there could make a lot of tools. D．Because trees were so large that they had never seen. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Cutting down trees. B．A wood shortage. C．Growing new trees. D．Tree-Planting Day. 3．Why were the American people worried later? A．Because they came to know the importance of protecting forests. B．Because Americans didn’t use trees more carefully and wisely. C．Because the forests in America kept disappearing year by year. D．Because American people did nothing about protecting forests. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The first settlers’ life in America. B．The ways settlers used trees. C．Forests are disappearing in the United States. D．The history of Tree-Planting People throw trash (垃圾) into the ocean and the trash has become the “home” of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). Believe it or not, it is happening all over the world. Unlike other crabs, hermit crabs are born with soft bodies, so they need to look for shells (外壳) for protection. They look at the shells’ type, size, and color. Then, they use their legs to check the inside of the shells to make sure they fit. As they grow, they give up their old shells and find bigger ones to live in. Plastic trash is lighter than natural shells, so hermit crabs can move around easily in them. It may also help male hermit crabs to attract (吸引) mates because man-made “shells” might be interesting to female (雌性) hermit crabs. However, “trash shells” can bring danger. Compared to natural shells, plastic waste is often brighter in color. It might stand out more against the background (背景), making it easier for predators (捕食者) to see. Hermit crabs could also get stuck and die when they go into plastic bottles. 1．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Hermit crabs. B．Soft bodies. C．Shells. D．Crabs’ legs. 2．Why does the plastic trash help male hermit crabs attract mates? A．Because it is lighter. B．Because it is often brighter in color. C．Because it is newer than the old one. D．Because it might be interesting to female hermit crabs. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Unlike other crabs, hermit crabs are born with hard bodies. B．As hermit crabs grow, they choose their old shells and find bigger ones to live in. C．Although plastic trash is lighter than natural shells, hermit crabs can’t move around easily in them. D．Compared to plastic waste, natural shells are safer for hermit crabs. Have you ever thought about where a plastic bottle goes after you throw it away? Its journey is quite long. First, the bottle is thrown into a trash bin. If it’s put into a recycling bin, its journey becomes meaningful. A truck collects it and takes it to a recycling factory. At the factory, the bottle is cleaned and crushed (压碎) into small pieces. These pieces are then melted (熔化) and made into small pellets (颗粒). These pellets can be used to make new things, like new bottles, clothes, or even toys! If the bottle is not recycled, it might end up in a landfill (垃圾填埋场) or in the ocean. It takes a very long time—hundreds of years—for a plastic bottle to break down. In the ocean, it can harm fish and other sea animals. So, remember to recycle your plastic bottles. You are not just throwing away trash; you are giving it a new life! 1．What is the right order of a recycled bottle’s journey? a. It is crushed into small pieces.       b. It is thrown into a recycling bin. c. It is made into new products.        d. A truck collects it. e. It is melted into pellets. A．b-d-a-e-c B．d-b-a-e-c C．b-a-d-e-c D．a-b-d-e-c 2．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The dangers of plastic bottles. B．The process of recycling plastic bottles. C．The history of plastic bottles. D．The uses of new plastic products. 3．What does the underlined phrase “break down” mean? A．Become useful. B．Be made into pellets. C．Be thrown away. D．Separate into very small parts naturally. 4．Where can you most probably read this passage? A．In a comic book. B．In a science report about recycling. C．In an advertisement for plastic bottles. D．In a novel about the ocean. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Problem of Plastic B．A New Life for a Plastic Bottle C．How to Make Plastic Bottles D．The History of Plastic One of the best parts of autumn is its beautiful colors. Normally green leaves turn into red, orange, yellow, and finally brown. This is called “leaf phenology (生物气候学)”, and many people look forward to it every year. However, due to climate change, autumn is changing. According to a study published earlier this year in a journal, the season length is growing, meaning that it is taking longer for leaves to change their colors. And this is not the only way that climate change is ruining the season. “Trees are holding onto their leaves longer,” explained Dr. Howard Diamond, a senior climate scientist. “In my own neighborhood, I can remember that the leaves would drop a lot sooner 20 years ago than they do now. This is a personal observation, but research actually supports this phenomenon (现象) we’re witnessing.” Climate change isn’t just causing the leaves to change later. We can also expect later frosts (霜) according to Dr. Michael E. Mann, a professor of the University of Pennsylvania. Mann said, “That means mosquitoes and pests (害虫) remain active for a longer time in autumn, posing a greater health risk to human beings.” If there is any good news at all, though, we may be able to stave off this development. Mann pointed out that if humans reduce their carbon dioxide emissions (排放), they can still prevent the worst effects of climate change from affecting them during the autumn months. “A new study recently provides further evidence that surface warming will likely stop after carbon emissions reach zero,” Mann stated in his recent comment for Live Science. 1．Which of the following is one of the effects of climate change on autumn? A．The season length is becoming shorter. B．Leaves are changing their colors earlier. C．Leaves are staying on the trees for a longer time. D．There are more frosts in autumn. 2．What can we infer from Dr. Michael E. Mann’s words in paragraph 4？ A．Mosquitoes will disappear completely if there are earlier frosts. B．Later frosts in autumn are beneficial to people’s health. C．People should take measures to kill mosquitoes and pests in autumn. D．The longer mosquitoes and pests are active, the more dangerous it is for people. 3．What does underlined phrase “stave off” probably mean in paragraph 5？ A．Make something happen faster. B．Stop something from happening. C．Let something develop naturally. D．Start something from the beginning. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage？ A．To tell readers about the beautiful colors of autumn. B．To introduce the research of Dr. Howard Diamond and Dr. Michael E. Mann. C．To show how climate change is affecting autumn. D．To draw people’s attention to environmental protection. A mushroom-picking craze is causing serious problems at Cangshan Mountain in Dali. This summer, hundreds of tourists have been coming every day to search for wild mushrooms. The large number of visitors is damaging the beautiful forests and threatening the local environment. Reporters visiting in August found that many forest areas now show clear signs of damage from all the people walking through them. Some guides who lead mushroom tours don’t actually have proper training. They sometimes give incorrect information about which mushrooms are safe to pick. Many tourists simply dig up mushrooms, take pictures with them, and then throw them away. On a single day, more than 500 people entered the mountain through just one entrance. There are many paths where people search for mushrooms across the whole mountain. This constant searching and digging is harming the natural home where mushrooms grow. Environmental experts explain that mushrooms play an important role in nature. They help break down dead leaves and branches, which helps plants grow. They also provide food for insects and small animals. When too many people pick too many mushrooms, it can damage the whole ecosystem. It might take many years for the mushroom population to recover. Local officials have noticed the problem and are now taking action. They have started controlling access to the mountain and have sent more patrols to protect the area. 1．What is the main reason for the environmental problem at Cangshan Mountain? A．The mountain is too crowded with tourists. B．The weather has changed dramatically this summer. C．Local officials are not doing their jobs properly. 2．The word “recover” in the passage most likely means ________. A．to get better again B．to become worse quickly C．to disappear completely 3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to “threatening” as used in the text? A．Helping. B．Harming. C．Ignoring. 4．What can be inferred about the mushroom-picking tourists? A．They are all experts in identifying mushrooms. B．Many do not fully understand the importance of mushrooms in nature. C．They only pick mushrooms to eat them later. 5．The phrase “break down” in the context of mushrooms refers to ________. A．building up dead leaves B．destroying the forest C．decomposing natural materials ①Water is important for all living things on Earth. The water cycle (水循环) is a natural process that takes water from the ground and the sky and brings it back to Earth again. It is a cycle that happens all year round and is the most active from June to August in China. Now, let’s learn about the water cycle and discuss its importance. ②The water cycle always begins with water vapour (水蒸气). When it’s hot outside, you can see clouds forming in the sky. These clouds are made of water vapour that comes from the ground, plants and rivers. As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to Earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to Earth again in different forms. ③The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth’s climate (气候) . It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy. Additionally, it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don’t have enough water. Without the water cycle, we would face many problems. When there is too much water in one place, it leads to a flood. When there is a severe shortage of water, it leads to a drought. Moreover, water vapour can take heat from the sun and keep our Earth cool. The water cycle is a natural process that keeps our Earth alive. It’s important for plants and animals to drink water and for our rivers to stay flowing with water. ④Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature, know how our Earth works and find better ways to protect our Earth, and that is our duty. 根据短文内容，选择恰当的答案。 1．Which season has the most active water cycle in China? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 2．Which is the right order of the water cycle according to the passage? a. Water returns to the ground.     b. Rain or snow falls down. c. Water vapour rises up.     d. Clouds are formed in the sky. A．c-b-d-a B．c-d-b-a C．d-c-b-a D．d-b-c-a 3．Why is the water cycle important? A．Because it brings people warm weather. B．Because it cleans the air and the ground. C．Because it makes the climate healthy. D．Because it shows the beauty of nature. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? (①-paragraph 1, ②-paragraph 2, ...) A． B． C． D． 5．The passage probably comes from the _________ column (栏目) of a magazine. A．science B．travel C．animal D．sports When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice? Digital reading (数字阅读) is on the rise, now making up about 15% of the total US book market. However, traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type—and it comes with a high carbon footprint (碳足迹). According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions (排放), and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books. Then there’s the problem of printing and transport, not to mention the many unsold books that are destroyed. Digital reading seems to be better than print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and transport. Moreover, technology companies that make e-readers, such as Amazon, offer recycling programs for old devices (设备). But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage. So back to the earlier question: which way of reading is more environmentally friendly? “If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” said Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster Environment Centre in the United Kingdom. Yet, Berners-Lee also said that reading is still, relatively speaking, an environment-friendly activity. 1．What can we know from the text? A．Printed books have a poor sales record in the US. B．Print publishing is not friendly to the environment. C．Digital reading is more popular than paper reading. D．Printing books costs more than producing e-readers. 2．Which aspect of digital devices has the largest impact on the environment? A．Its transportation. B．Its waste management. C．Its production process. D．Its recycling programs. 3．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean? A．It remains unclear. B．It needs further studies. C．It depends on the specific situation. D．It is a matter of personal preference 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Should We Choose Digital Reading? B．How Does Print Publishing Affect the Environment? C．Will Traditional Print Reading Disappear in the Future? D．Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers? 重难语篇提升练 Most environmental pollution comes from humans and their inventions. The electric bulbs are thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time. However, too much of a good thing has started to negatively impact the environment. Light pollution, the extreme or inappropriate use of outdoor artificial (人造的) light, is affecting human health and wildlife behavior. There is a global movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help. Light pollution is a global issue. This became especially obvious when the World Atlas (地图册) of Night Sky Brightness, a computer-generated map based on thousands of satellite photos, was published in 2016. Vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia are glowing with light, while only Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon are in total darkness. Artificial light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm (生理节奏)— the internal, twenty-four-hour clock that guides day and night activities and affects physiological (生理的) processes in nearly all living organisms. One of these processes is the production of the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which is released when it is dark and is stopped when there is light. An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin production, which results in lack of sleep, headaches, stress, anxiety, and other health problems. Blue light, in particular, has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. It is found in cell phones and other computer devices, as well as in LEDs, the kinds of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency. Studies show that light pollution is also impacting animal behaviors, such as migration (迁徙) patterns and habitat formation. Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration get confused, lose their way, and often die. Even animals living under the deep sea may be affected by underwater artificial lighting. One study looked at how animals in sea responded to brightly lit panels put under water off the coast of Wales. Fewer filter feeding animals (滤食性动物), such as the sea squirt (海鞘), made their homes near the lighted panels. This could mean that the artificial light is changing ocean ecosystems. The good news is that light pollution, unlike many other forms of pollution, is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. Individuals are required to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed, to make sure outdoor lights are properly shielded (遮挡) and direct light down instead of up into the sky, and to close window blinds, shades, and curtains at night to keep light inside. 1．What does the underlined phrase “wreak havoc on” in Para.3 probably mean? A．Improve greatly. B．Maintain Well. C．Manage strictly. D．Damage seriously. 2．According to the passage, which would the author agree with? A．Light pollution was first studied as a global issue in 2016. B．Deep-sea environment can help animals avoid light pollution. C．Artificial light affects the sense of direction and habits of animals. D．LEDs can be used more because of low cost and energy efficiency. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the control of light pollution? A．Uncertain. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Hopeful. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To call on people to reduce light pollution. B．To discuss pros and cons of artificial light. C．To give suggestions to protect environment. D．To show future development of artificial light. People used to see lots of plastics on the sea surface. Now in a study, researchers have found that the microplastic pollution in deep water is much more serious than that on the sea surface. “What we’ve known about microplastic has been from the sea surface,” says Kyle Van Houtan, “but this study suggests there’s a larger amount that’s unnoticed.” Microplastics are small pieces that break off from plastic bottles or bags as they change to simpler chemical forms in the environment. They have different sizes and can be found anywhere, including in the oceans, lakes, soil and even blowing in the air. To study microplastic pollution in deep sea, Houtan’s team collected samples (样本) in the sea by using a ROV (遥控潜水器). As the ROV went down from 5 to 1,000 meters below the sea surface, a specially-designed machine filtered (过滤) the sample water and kept the small particles (微粒). Back in the lab, the team used a special machine to find out the types of plastic present. Although the researchers found microplastic was everywhere, the amount of the particles was not evenly spread in the water. The midwater, 180 to 460 meters below the surface, held the highest amount of microplastic pollution, about four times as much as on the surface. Van Houtan thinks this may be because when plastic breaks down into ever-smaller pieces, they are covered with biological material, which causes them to go down into the deep-sea area. Their findings are based only on a certain area, and if the results hold for the wider ocean environment, the amount of plastic in the midwater would be worrying, because this is key living environment for most sea animals. These particles, which have harmful chemicals, can go into the food webs at both the ocean’s surface and seafloor, and can influence reproduction of sea animals. The final effect remains unknown, but what is for certain, Houtan says, is that “this is a serious problem, and it shows humans can change natural systems.” Yet in other ways, “the results are encouraging,” he says. Since most of the microplastic waste comes from single-use plastic, this means we could reduce microplastic pollution by cutting down on the production and use of the unnecessary plastic products. 1．Houtan’s team used ROV to ________. A．filter the sample water B．collect samples in the sea C．examine the chemicals D．record the depth of water 2．What can we learn from the study mentioned in the passage? A．The sea surface is the most seriously polluted. B．Deep-sea animals will die out in the near future. C．The midwater holds the most microplastic particles. D．Biological material destroys the food webs in deep sea. 3．The best title for the passage is ________. A．How Plastic Particles hurt Sea Life B．A New Way to Look for Ocean Plastic C．The Hidden Plastic World in the Deep Sea D．The Growing Problem of Sea Pollution 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Saving the Earth 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 2 Saving the Earth单元话题：环境保护 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 In China, people usually set off fireworks to celebrate the Spring Festival. But this year seemed very quiet. It was really different. A man called Zhang Wei was asked by a reporter in an interview. He said that his friends and he hadn’t set off a single firework. “We all suffered from smog (雾霾). If we don’t call an end to the fireworks, the environment will get worse and worse during the holiday,” said Zhang Wei. He put up a notice in his community in Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province. In the notice, he called on more people to set off fewer fireworks during this year’s Spring Festival holiday. Lots of parents agreed with Zhang Wei’s idea. They said that they hated the noise of fireworks. The noise used to wake up their babies too early. The babies really needed quiet mornings. More Chinese looked forward to celebrating the holiday in a greener way. They decided not to set off fireworks. They also decided not to waste food. They said that the new celebrations sounded fashionable. “My family didn’t buy any fireworks this year. Instead, we donated the money to the charity. It’s good for the environment and charity as well!” Internet user “Fighter” wrote on the Internet. 1．How do people usually celebrate Spring Festival in China? A．By putting up a notice. B．By donating the money to the charity. C．By not wasting food. D．By setting off fireworks. 2．Lots of parents hated the noise of fireworks because _________. A．they couldn’t afford to buy them B．fireworks were too expensive C．the noise might wake up their babies D．fireworks might cause fire 3．More people decided ________. A．not to get together B．not to set off fireworks C．not to throw away more food D．to call an end to all the celebrations 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Spring Festival Goes Green B．Spring Festival Celebrations C．Fireworks and Noise D．Don’t Waste Food 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国春节期间人们传统上燃放烟花爆竹的习俗，以及今年更多人选择环保方式庆祝春节的变化。 1．细节理解题。根据“In China, people usually set off fireworks to celebrate the Spring Festival.”可知，在中国，人们通常通过燃放烟花来庆祝春节。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They said that they hated the noise of fireworks. The noise used to wake up their babies too early.”可知，父母讨厌烟花噪音的原因是它会吵醒婴儿。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“They decided not to set off fireworks.”可知，更多人决定不放烟花。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。本文围绕春节庆祝方式从传统燃放烟花转向环保主题展开，如减少烟花、避免浪费食物、捐款等。因此A选项“春节走向绿色”符合文章主旨。故选A。 When settlers (移民) came to America during the 1600s, they were surprised to find so many trees. Some trees were so huge that a large man couldn’t put his arms around them. Those trees helped the settlers a lot. They were glad and thankful to have these trees. They used them to build houses and make fire. From the wood of the trees, they made furniture, tools and so on. Most people thought the forests would last forever. However, by 1800, America had its first wood shortage. How did it happen? People had not known that trees were being cut down faster than new ones could grow. Some American people made trips to foreign countries, and there they saw destroyed forests and learned the importance of protecting forests. They came back to the United States and warned that if Americans didn’t use trees more carefully and wisely, someday the forests would all be gone. However, people were not ready to listen. Years went by, and America’s forests kept disappearing. It made some people really worried. But they did nothing. Finally, J. Sterling Morton, the man who is remembered as the father of Arbor Day, got people to listen. He named a day Tree-Planting Day, or Arbor Day. He worked hard to make Arbor Day a national holiday. On that day, people usually plant trees. Today, millions of trees have been planted in the United States because of Arbor Day. It’s such a good idea that many other countries now also have Arbor Day. Many trees are being planted all over the world because of J. Sterling Morton’s work. 1．Why were settlers surprised when they came to America in the 1600s? A．Because there were so many trees in America. B．Because there were so many houses in America. C．Because trees there could make a lot of tools. D．Because trees were so large that they had never seen. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Cutting down trees. B．A wood shortage. C．Growing new trees. D．Tree-Planting Day. 3．Why were the American people worried later? A．Because they came to know the importance of protecting forests. B．Because Americans didn’t use trees more carefully and wisely. C．Because the forests in America kept disappearing year by year. D．Because American people did nothing about protecting forests. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The first settlers’ life in America. B．The ways settlers used trees. C．Forests are disappearing in the United States. D．The history of Tree-Planting 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了17世纪移民到美国时发现大量树木，并利用树木建造房屋、制作工具等，然而由于过度砍伐导致木材短缺，人们开始意识到保护森林的重要性，最终在J. Sterling Morton的推动下设立了植树节，现在世界各地都在植树。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When settlers (移民) came to America during the 1600s, they were surprised to find so many trees.”可知，17世纪移民到美国时，他们惊讶地发现美国有这么多树。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“However, by 1800, America had its first wood shortage. How did it happen?”可知，到1800年，美国出现了第一次木材短缺，下文提问“怎么发生的？”，由此可推断it指代上文提到的“木材短缺”这一情况。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Years went by, and America’s forests kept disappearing. It made some people really worried.”可知，随着时间推移，美国的森林不断消失，这使一些人非常担忧。由此可知，后来美国人担忧是因为美国的森林年复一年地不断消失。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Today, millions of trees have been planted in the United States because of Arbor Day. It’s such a good idea that many other countries now also have Arbor Day. Many trees are being planted all over the world because of J. Sterling Morton’s work.”可知，文章主要讲述了植树节的历史，包括其起源、发展和影响。故选D。 People throw trash (垃圾) into the ocean and the trash has become the “home” of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). Believe it or not, it is happening all over the world. Unlike other crabs, hermit crabs are born with soft bodies, so they need to look for shells (外壳) for protection. They look at the shells’ type, size, and color. Then, they use their legs to check the inside of the shells to make sure they fit. As they grow, they give up their old shells and find bigger ones to live in. Plastic trash is lighter than natural shells, so hermit crabs can move around easily in them. It may also help male hermit crabs to attract (吸引) mates because man-made “shells” might be interesting to female (雌性) hermit crabs. However, “trash shells” can bring danger. Compared to natural shells, plastic waste is often brighter in color. It might stand out more against the background (背景), making it easier for predators (捕食者) to see. Hermit crabs could also get stuck and die when they go into plastic bottles. 1．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Hermit crabs. B．Soft bodies. C．Shells. D．Crabs’ legs. 2．Why does the plastic trash help male hermit crabs attract mates? A．Because it is lighter. B．Because it is often brighter in color. C．Because it is newer than the old one. D．Because it might be interesting to female hermit crabs. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Unlike other crabs, hermit crabs are born with hard bodies. B．As hermit crabs grow, they choose their old shells and find bigger ones to live in. C．Although plastic trash is lighter than natural shells, hermit crabs can’t move around easily in them. D．Compared to plastic waste, natural shells are safer for hermit crabs. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了寄居蟹因人类丢弃的塑料垃圾而将其作为外壳使用，虽然塑料外壳更轻且可能帮助吸引配偶，但也带来了更高的被捕食风险和生命危险。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Unlike other crabs, hermit crabs are born with soft bodies, so they need to look for shells (外壳) for protection.”可知，划线词“they”指代的是前文提到的“hermit crabs”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据It may also help male hermit crabs to attract (吸引) mates because man-made “shells” might be interesting to female (雌性) hermit crabs.”可知，塑料垃圾帮助雄性寄居蟹吸引配偶的原因是“人造外壳可能会引起雌性寄居蟹的兴趣”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Compared to natural shells, plastic waste is often brighter in color… making it easier for predators (捕食者) to see.”和“Hermit crabs could also get stuck and die when they go into plastic bottles.”可知，与塑料垃圾相比，天然外壳对寄居蟹更安全。故选D。 Have you ever thought about where a plastic bottle goes after you throw it away? Its journey is quite long. First, the bottle is thrown into a trash bin. If it’s put into a recycling bin, its journey becomes meaningful. A truck collects it and takes it to a recycling factory. At the factory, the bottle is cleaned and crushed (压碎) into small pieces. These pieces are then melted (熔化) and made into small pellets (颗粒). These pellets can be used to make new things, like new bottles, clothes, or even toys! If the bottle is not recycled, it might end up in a landfill (垃圾填埋场) or in the ocean. It takes a very long time—hundreds of years—for a plastic bottle to break down. In the ocean, it can harm fish and other sea animals. So, remember to recycle your plastic bottles. You are not just throwing away trash; you are giving it a new life! 1．What is the right order of a recycled bottle’s journey? a. It is crushed into small pieces.       b. It is thrown into a recycling bin. c. It is made into new products.        d. A truck collects it. e. It is melted into pellets. A．b-d-a-e-c B．d-b-a-e-c C．b-a-d-e-c D．a-b-d-e-c 2．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The dangers of plastic bottles. B．The process of recycling plastic bottles. C．The history of plastic bottles. D．The uses of new plastic products. 3．What does the underlined phrase “break down” mean? A．Become useful. B．Be made into pellets. C．Be thrown away. D．Separate into very small parts naturally. 4．Where can you most probably read this passage? A．In a comic book. B．In a science report about recycling. C．In an advertisement for plastic bottles. D．In a novel about the ocean. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Problem of Plastic B．A New Life for a Plastic Bottle C．How to Make Plastic Bottles D．The History of Plastic 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料瓶的回收过程及其环保意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“First, the bottle is thrown into a trash bin. If it’s put into a recycling bin…”和第三段“At the factory, the bottle is cleaned and crushed… These pieces are then melted and made into small pellets… These pellets can be used to make new things…”可推知正确顺序为：bdaec。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。文章主要描述了塑料瓶回收的过程及其意义，因此核心内容是“回收塑料瓶的流程”。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“It takes a very long time—hundreds of years—for a plastic bottle to break down”及后文“harm fish”可推知，塑料需要长时间分解，对生物造成伤害。“break down”指塑料瓶自然分解成微小部分。故选D。 4．推理判断题。文章以科学客观的语言说明回收流程，最可能出现在科学报告中。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕塑料瓶回收后的“新生”展开，“A New Life for a Plastic Bottle”最能概括主题。A选项强调问题，C选项和D选项偏离回收重点。故选B。 One of the best parts of autumn is its beautiful colors. Normally green leaves turn into red, orange, yellow, and finally brown. This is called “leaf phenology (生物气候学)”, and many people look forward to it every year. However, due to climate change, autumn is changing. According to a study published earlier this year in a journal, the season length is growing, meaning that it is taking longer for leaves to change their colors. And this is not the only way that climate change is ruining the season. “Trees are holding onto their leaves longer,” explained Dr. Howard Diamond, a senior climate scientist. “In my own neighborhood, I can remember that the leaves would drop a lot sooner 20 years ago than they do now. This is a personal observation, but research actually supports this phenomenon (现象) we’re witnessing.” Climate change isn’t just causing the leaves to change later. We can also expect later frosts (霜) according to Dr. Michael E. Mann, a professor of the University of Pennsylvania. Mann said, “That means mosquitoes and pests (害虫) remain active for a longer time in autumn, posing a greater health risk to human beings.” If there is any good news at all, though, we may be able to stave off this development. Mann pointed out that if humans reduce their carbon dioxide emissions (排放), they can still prevent the worst effects of climate change from affecting them during the autumn months. “A new study recently provides further evidence that surface warming will likely stop after carbon emissions reach zero,” Mann stated in his recent comment for Live Science. 1．Which of the following is one of the effects of climate change on autumn? A．The season length is becoming shorter. B．Leaves are changing their colors earlier. C．Leaves are staying on the trees for a longer time. D．There are more frosts in autumn. 2．What can we infer from Dr. Michael E. Mann’s words in paragraph 4？ A．Mosquitoes will disappear completely if there are earlier frosts. B．Later frosts in autumn are beneficial to people’s health. C．People should take measures to kill mosquitoes and pests in autumn. D．The longer mosquitoes and pests are active, the more dangerous it is for people. 3．What does underlined phrase “stave off” probably mean in paragraph 5？ A．Make something happen faster. B．Stop something from happening. C．Let something develop naturally. D．Start something from the beginning. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage？ A．To tell readers about the beautiful colors of autumn. B．To introduce the research of Dr. Howard Diamond and Dr. Michael E. Mann. C．To show how climate change is affecting autumn. D．To draw people’s attention to environmental protection. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了气候变化对秋季的影响，包括树叶变色时间延长、霜冻时间推迟以及由此带来的健康风险等，同时也提出了通过减少二氧化碳排放来减缓这种影响的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Trees are holding onto their leaves longer”可知，气候变化导致树叶在树上停留的时间更长。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“That means mosquitoes and pests remain active for a longer time in autumn, posing a greater health risk to human beings”可知，蚊子和其他害虫在秋天保持活跃的时间更长，这对人类健康构成了更大的威胁，由此可推断出，蚊子和其他害虫活跃的时间越长，对人们来说就越危险。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“Mann pointed out that if humans reduce their carbon dioxide emissions, they can still prevent the worst effects of climate change from affecting them during the autumn months”可知，如果人类减少二氧化碳排放，仍然可以防止气候变化的最坏影响在秋季月份影响到他们，由此可推断出，如果采取措施，是有可能阻止气候变化在秋季带来的不良影响的，所以“stave off”的意思是“阻止某事发生”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“However, due to climate change, autumn is changing”以及后文对气候变化如何影响秋季的具体描述可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是展示气候变化如何影响秋季。故选C。 A mushroom-picking craze is causing serious problems at Cangshan Mountain in Dali. This summer, hundreds of tourists have been coming every day to search for wild mushrooms. The large number of visitors is damaging the beautiful forests and threatening the local environment. Reporters visiting in August found that many forest areas now show clear signs of damage from all the people walking through them. Some guides who lead mushroom tours don’t actually have proper training. They sometimes give incorrect information about which mushrooms are safe to pick. Many tourists simply dig up mushrooms, take pictures with them, and then throw them away. On a single day, more than 500 people entered the mountain through just one entrance. There are many paths where people search for mushrooms across the whole mountain. This constant searching and digging is harming the natural home where mushrooms grow. Environmental experts explain that mushrooms play an important role in nature. They help break down dead leaves and branches, which helps plants grow. They also provide food for insects and small animals. When too many people pick too many mushrooms, it can damage the whole ecosystem. It might take many years for the mushroom population to recover. Local officials have noticed the problem and are now taking action. They have started controlling access to the mountain and have sent more patrols to protect the area. 1．What is the main reason for the environmental problem at Cangshan Mountain? A．The mountain is too crowded with tourists. B．The weather has changed dramatically this summer. C．Local officials are not doing their jobs properly. 2．The word “recover” in the passage most likely means ________. A．to get better again B．to become worse quickly C．to disappear completely 3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to “threatening” as used in the text? A．Helping. B．Harming. C．Ignoring. 4．What can be inferred about the mushroom-picking tourists? A．They are all experts in identifying mushrooms. B．Many do not fully understand the importance of mushrooms in nature. C．They only pick mushrooms to eat them later. 5．The phrase “break down” in the context of mushrooms refers to ________. A．building up dead leaves B．destroying the forest C．decomposing natural materials 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了大理苍山因采蘑菇热潮引发严重环境问题。大量游客涌入采挖野生蘑菇，导致森林受损、生态系统受威胁。当地已采取措施限制游客并加强巡逻保护。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This summer, hundreds of tourists have been coming every day to search for wild mushrooms. The large number of visitors is damaging the beautiful forests and threatening the local environment.”可知，苍山环境问题的主要原因是游客过多。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“When too many people pick too many mushrooms, it can damage the whole ecosystem. It might take many years for the mushroom population to recover.”可知，采挖过多蘑菇会破坏生态系统，蘑菇数量需要多年才能“恢复”，即“重新变好”。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“The large number of visitors is damaging the beautiful forests and threatening the local environment.”可知，游客数量过多正在破坏森林，“threatening”与“harming”意思相近，表示“危害”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Environmental experts explain that mushrooms play an important role in nature...When too many people pick too many mushrooms, it can damage the whole ecosystem.”可知，许多游客并未充分理解蘑菇在自然界中的重要性。故选B。 5．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“They help break down dead leaves and branches, which helps plants grow.”可知，蘑菇帮助分解枯叶和树枝，从而促进植物生长，“break down”意为“分解自然物质”。故选C。 ①Water is important for all living things on Earth. The water cycle (水循环) is a natural process that takes water from the ground and the sky and brings it back to Earth again. It is a cycle that happens all year round and is the most active from June to August in China. Now, let’s learn about the water cycle and discuss its importance. ②The water cycle always begins with water vapour (水蒸气). When it’s hot outside, you can see clouds forming in the sky. These clouds are made of water vapour that comes from the ground, plants and rivers. As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to Earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to Earth again in different forms. ③The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth’s climate (气候) . It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy. Additionally, it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don’t have enough water. Without the water cycle, we would face many problems. When there is too much water in one place, it leads to a flood. When there is a severe shortage of water, it leads to a drought. Moreover, water vapour can take heat from the sun and keep our Earth cool. The water cycle is a natural process that keeps our Earth alive. It’s important for plants and animals to drink water and for our rivers to stay flowing with water. ④Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature, know how our Earth works and find better ways to protect our Earth, and that is our duty. 根据短文内容，选择恰当的答案。 1．Which season has the most active water cycle in China? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 2．Which is the right order of the water cycle according to the passage? a. Water returns to the ground.     b. Rain or snow falls down. c. Water vapour rises up.     d. Clouds are formed in the sky. A．c-b-d-a B．c-d-b-a C．d-c-b-a D．d-b-c-a 3．Why is the water cycle important? A．Because it brings people warm weather. B．Because it cleans the air and the ground. C．Because it makes the climate healthy. D．Because it shows the beauty of nature. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? (①-paragraph 1, ②-paragraph 2, ...) A． B． C． D． 5．The passage probably comes from the _________ column (栏目) of a magazine. A．science B．travel C．animal D．sports 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了水循环的过程及其重要性，强调了水循环对地球气候、动植物生存以及人类生活的关键作用，同时呼吁人们理解水循环以更好地保护地球。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It is a cycle that happens all year round and is the most active from June to August in China.”可知，水循环在中国夏季最为活跃。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The water cycle always begins with water vapour... As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds... clouds travel through the sky and fall back to Earth as rain or snow... Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to Earth again in different forms.”可知，水循环的正确顺序是：水蒸气上升（c），天空中形成云（d），雨或雪落下（b），水返回地面（a）。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth’s climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy.”可知，水循环对保护地球气候很重要，它为我们提供饮用水并保持气候健康。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段介绍了水循环的定义和重要性；第二、三段详细描述了水循环的过程及其重要性；第四段总结了理解水循环的意义。因此，文章的结构是①/②③/④。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了水循环的过程及其重要性，这是一篇关于自然科学的文章，因此可能来自杂志的科学栏目。故选A。 When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice? Digital reading (数字阅读) is on the rise, now making up about 15% of the total US book market. However, traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type—and it comes with a high carbon footprint (碳足迹). According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions (排放), and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books. Then there’s the problem of printing and transport, not to mention the many unsold books that are destroyed. Digital reading seems to be better than print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and transport. Moreover, technology companies that make e-readers, such as Amazon, offer recycling programs for old devices (设备). But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage. So back to the earlier question: which way of reading is more environmentally friendly? “If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” said Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster Environment Centre in the United Kingdom. Yet, Berners-Lee also said that reading is still, relatively speaking, an environment-friendly activity. 1．What can we know from the text? A．Printed books have a poor sales record in the US. B．Print publishing is not friendly to the environment. C．Digital reading is more popular than paper reading. D．Printing books costs more than producing e-readers. 2．Which aspect of digital devices has the largest impact on the environment? A．Its transportation. B．Its waste management. C．Its production process. D．Its recycling programs. 3．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean? A．It remains unclear. B．It needs further studies. C．It depends on the specific situation. D．It is a matter of personal preference 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Should We Choose Digital Reading? B．How Does Print Publishing Affect the Environment? C．Will Traditional Print Reading Disappear in the Future? D．Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要围绕纸质书和电子阅读器展开讨论，对比了两者的碳足迹，探究哪种阅读方式更环保，并引用专家观点说明结果取决于具体情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type—and it comes with a high carbon footprint…print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books”可知，纸质出版碳足迹高、排放温室气体且消耗大量树木，对环境不友好。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage”可知，电子设备对环境的最大影响来自其生产过程。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中迈克・伯纳斯 - 李的话“If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds”可知，电子阅读器是否环保，取决于使用频率等具体情况，由此可判断划线句体现“这取决于具体情况”的含义。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。文章开篇以“which is the more environment-friendly choice?”引出主题，后续围绕两者的环保性展开对比分析，“Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers?”能准确概括文章主旨。故选D。 重难语篇提升练 Most environmental pollution comes from humans and their inventions. The electric bulbs are thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time. However, too much of a good thing has started to negatively impact the environment. Light pollution, the extreme or inappropriate use of outdoor artificial (人造的) light, is affecting human health and wildlife behavior. There is a global movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help. Light pollution is a global issue. This became especially obvious when the World Atlas (地图册) of Night Sky Brightness, a computer-generated map based on thousands of satellite photos, was published in 2016. Vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia are glowing with light, while only Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon are in total darkness. Artificial light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm (生理节奏)— the internal, twenty-four-hour clock that guides day and night activities and affects physiological (生理的) processes in nearly all living organisms. One of these processes is the production of the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which is released when it is dark and is stopped when there is light. An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin production, which results in lack of sleep, headaches, stress, anxiety, and other health problems. Blue light, in particular, has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. It is found in cell phones and other computer devices, as well as in LEDs, the kinds of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency. Studies show that light pollution is also impacting animal behaviors, such as migration (迁徙) patterns and habitat formation. Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration get confused, lose their way, and often die. Even animals living under the deep sea may be affected by underwater artificial lighting. One study looked at how animals in sea responded to brightly lit panels put under water off the coast of Wales. Fewer filter feeding animals (滤食性动物), such as the sea squirt (海鞘), made their homes near the lighted panels. This could mean that the artificial light is changing ocean ecosystems. The good news is that light pollution, unlike many other forms of pollution, is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. Individuals are required to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed, to make sure outdoor lights are properly shielded (遮挡) and direct light down instead of up into the sky, and to close window blinds, shades, and curtains at night to keep light inside. 1．What does the underlined phrase “wreak havoc on” in Para.3 probably mean? A．Improve greatly. B．Maintain Well. C．Manage strictly. D．Damage seriously. 2．According to the passage, which would the author agree with? A．Light pollution was first studied as a global issue in 2016. B．Deep-sea environment can help animals avoid light pollution. C．Artificial light affects the sense of direction and habits of animals. D．LEDs can be used more because of low cost and energy efficiency. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the control of light pollution? A．Uncertain. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Hopeful. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To call on people to reduce light pollution. B．To discuss pros and cons of artificial light. C．To give suggestions to protect environment. D．To show future development of artificial light. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了人类过度使用灯光导致光污染，对环境、人类的健康和野生动物的健康产生负面影响，还影响动物迁徙模式和栖息地形成等行为。号召人类采取行动减少光污染，恢复自然夜空。 1．词句猜测题。根据“interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm”可知，光污染扰乱睡眠、打乱生理节奏。故“wreak havoc on”意思是对自然生理节奏有严重破坏作用。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Studies show that light pollution is also impacting animal behaviors, such as migration patterns and habitat formation.”以及海龟因光污染迷路等例子可知，人造光影响动物方向感和习性。故选C。 3．观点态度题。根据“The good news is that light pollution, unlike many other forms of pollution, is reversible and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky.”可知，作者认为光污染可逆，人们能有所作为，很多人已在行动，所以作者对光污染控制持乐观态度。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章介绍光污染危害后，着重强调人们可采取行动减少光污染，如合理使用户外照明等，目的是呼吁人们减少光污染。故选A。 People used to see lots of plastics on the sea surface. Now in a study, researchers have found that the microplastic pollution in deep water is much more serious than that on the sea surface. “What we’ve known about microplastic has been from the sea surface,” says Kyle Van Houtan, “but this study suggests there’s a larger amount that’s unnoticed.” Microplastics are small pieces that break off from plastic bottles or bags as they change to simpler chemical forms in the environment. They have different sizes and can be found anywhere, including in the oceans, lakes, soil and even blowing in the air. To study microplastic pollution in deep sea, Houtan’s team collected samples (样本) in the sea by using a ROV (遥控潜水器). As the ROV went down from 5 to 1,000 meters below the sea surface, a specially-designed machine filtered (过滤) the sample water and kept the small particles (微粒). Back in the lab, the team used a special machine to find out the types of plastic present. Although the researchers found microplastic was everywhere, the amount of the particles was not evenly spread in the water. The midwater, 180 to 460 meters below the surface, held the highest amount of microplastic pollution, about four times as much as on the surface. Van Houtan thinks this may be because when plastic breaks down into ever-smaller pieces, they are covered with biological material, which causes them to go down into the deep-sea area. Their findings are based only on a certain area, and if the results hold for the wider ocean environment, the amount of plastic in the midwater would be worrying, because this is key living environment for most sea animals. These particles, which have harmful chemicals, can go into the food webs at both the ocean’s surface and seafloor, and can influence reproduction of sea animals. The final effect remains unknown, but what is for certain, Houtan says, is that “this is a serious problem, and it shows humans can change natural systems.” Yet in other ways, “the results are encouraging,” he says. Since most of the microplastic waste comes from single-use plastic, this means we could reduce microplastic pollution by cutting down on the production and use of the unnecessary plastic products. 1．Houtan’s team used ROV to ________. A．filter the sample water B．collect samples in the sea C．examine the chemicals D．record the depth of water 2．What can we learn from the study mentioned in the passage? A．The sea surface is the most seriously polluted. B．Deep-sea animals will die out in the near future. C．The midwater holds the most microplastic particles. D．Biological material destroys the food webs in deep sea. 3．The best title for the passage is ________. A．How Plastic Particles hurt Sea Life B．A New Way to Look for Ocean Plastic C．The Hidden Plastic World in the Deep Sea D．The Growing Problem of Sea Pollution 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了研究人员发现深海中的微塑料污染比海面上的更为严重，并探讨了微塑料的来源、分布以及对海洋生态系统的影响，同时提出了减少微塑料污染的可能性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“To study microplastic pollution in deep sea, Houtan’s team collected samples (样本) in the sea by using a ROV (遥控潜水器).”可知，Houtan的团队使用遥控潜水器在海洋中收集样本。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The midwater, 180 to 460 meters below the surface, held the highest amount of microplastic pollution, about four times as much as on the surface.”可知，从文章提到的研究中我们可以了解到中层水域含有最多的微塑料颗粒。故选C。 3．最佳标题题。根据文章第一段“Now in a study, researchers have found that the microplastic pollution in deep water is much more serious than that on the sea surface.”以及后文对深海微塑料污染的详细描述，可知文章主要介绍了深海中隐藏的微塑料世界。选项C“深海中隐藏的塑料世界”最符合文章主旨。选项A“塑料颗粒如何伤害海洋生物”只是文章的一部分内容；选项B“寻找海洋塑料的新方法”与文章内容不符；选项D“海洋污染日益严重的问题”表述过于笼统，没有突出文章重点。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $