Unit 4 Section Ⅳ (1) to -infinitive -ing and...（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦动词不定式、-ing形式和-ed形式作表语这一核心语法点，通过“短文感知-自主发现-规则讲解-分层练习”的学习支架，引导学生从具体语境感知黑体部分用法，自主归纳三类形式作表语的特征，再系统梳理其语义功能及区别。 资料以“语境化输入-对比性分析-实践性运用”为设计特色，通过生活对比短文激活语言感知，结合实例对比三类形式差异，培养思维品质与语言辨析能力。多样化练习辅助课中分层教学，助力课后自主巩固，提升学习能力。

Section Ⅳ　Using language(1)—to -infinitive， -ing and -ed as predicative 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成其后的题目 Jimmy and Mason were friends.Jimmy’s job was 1.working on the farm while Mason’s job was 2.serving as a manager in a big company.Jimmy’s work was very 3.interesting and he was very 4.relaxed and happy every day.He was 5.delighted to lead a peaceful life，though he had no money.However，though earning a lot of money，Mason was extremely 6.stressed every day.He was always 7.worried that someone was 8.to break into his house and steal his money.He was 9.tired of his life.How he envied Jimmy! [自主发现] 以上语段中的黑体部分均在句中作表语，其中1,2和3是动词 -ing形式在句中作表语；4,5,6,7和9是过去分词在句中作表语；句8是动词不定式在句中作表语。 动词不定式、动词 -ing形式和动词 -ed形式作表语 一、动词不定式作表语 1．动词不定式作表语往往表示具体的、一次性的、将要发生的动作。其主语常常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty，job，goal，aim，way等表示意向、打算、计划的词及what 引导的主语从句等。 Her wish is to become a key college student after graduating from high school. 她的愿望是高中毕业后成为一名名校大学生。 His plan is to set up another calligraphy association in the community. 他的计划是在社区再创办一个书法协会。 What strikes me most is to see him always busy.让我印象最深刻的是看见他总是很忙。 2．动词不定式作表语也常表示预定要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。 The new technology is to bring about great changes to human life. 新技术注定会给人类生活带来巨大的变化。 The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow.明天学生们将在学校大门口见面。 二、动词 -ing形式作表语 1．动词 -ing形式作表语用来说明主语的内容，表示主语的某种性质或状态。 当与主语是同一概念的时候，主语和表语位置可以互换。 The influence of computer games is worrying.电脑游戏的影响令人担忧。 What I hate most is being laughed at.我最讨厌的就是被别人嘲笑。(＝Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 2．动词不定式作表语和动词 -ing形式作表语的区别 动词不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；而动词 -ing形式作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。 The next step is to set the machine in motion.下一步是开动这台机器。 The aim of the activity is to promote people’s awareness of environmental protection. 该活动的目的是提高人们的环保意识。 My favorite part was seeing the grizzly bear in the mountain. 我最喜欢的一段旅程就是在山里看到灰熊。 The old man’s job is painting the walls. 这位老人的工作是粉刷墙。 注意　这种区别并不是绝对的。例外的情况也不少，有时可以互用。 三、动词 -ed形式作表语 1．动词 -ed形式作表语通常用来描述情景、叙述人或物的特征以及所处的状态。 The moment the star stepped on the stage，all the fans were very excited. 当这位明星登上舞台的那一刻，所有的歌迷都非常兴奋。 It is obvious that the boy is interested in this machine.显然，这个男孩对这台机器感兴趣。 2．现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别 现在分词和过去分词都可以作表语，现在分词作表语说明主语的特征；过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。作表语的过去分词也几乎已经形容词化，可以被副词修饰。这类过去分词常见的有 amazed，amused，astonished，bored，broken，closed，delighted，devoted，exhausted等。 The dog was so frightening that the little girl burst into tears.这条狗太可怕了，小女孩哭了。 Hearing the sudden shot，my dog was extremely frightened.听到突如其来的枪声，我的狗吓坏了。 He was astonished to see the unexpected scene.看到这意想不到的情景，他大吃一惊。 3．过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态，不仅可以位于系动词be之后，还可根据需要用于其他系动词之后；过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作，只能与助动词be(有时可能是get)构成被动结构，不宜用于其他动词之后。 To my sadness，my favorite cup was broken.令我悲伤的是，我最喜欢的杯子坏了。 To my sadness，my favorite cup was broken by Lucy. 令我悲伤的是，我最喜欢的杯子被露西打碎了。 Ⅰ.完成句子(用不定式、 -ing形式或者 -ed形式作表语) 1．His daily work is cleaning_the_library_and_arranging_various_books.他的日常工作是打扫图书馆，整理各种书籍。 2．His recent plan was to_bring_down_the_price and increase the sales. 他最近的计划是降低价格，增加销售量。 3．The lecture was_so_boring that many people felt_bored and left the hall. 那个讲座太乏味，很多人都感到无聊并离开了大厅。 4．I could tell from his face that he was_satisfied_with_what_I_had_done. 我从他脸上可以看出，他对我做的很满意。 5．The development of our aviation industry is_quite_encouraging. 我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。 Ⅱ.阅读下面短文，用动词的正确形式填空 Lucy and Susan were close friends，neither of whom knew what was 1.to_influence(influence) their future life then.Later，Lucy went to a big city，for her dream was 2.to_become(become) a famous artist.She worked so hard all day that she finally reached her goal.Even so，she wasn’t 3.satisfied(satisfy) with her life.She often complained that her life was 4.depressing(depress)．Susan chose to stay in the countryside.Her job was 5.working(work) on a farm.She was 6.delighted(delight) to see the lovely trees and flowers every day.By contrast，she was more 7.relaxed(relax) most of the time.Her new plan was 8.to_set(set) up another farm，for she wanted to offer some jobs to the women in the village. 训练5　Using language(A) 分值：55分 Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．She told me that she had decided not to get married(marry)． 2．She didn’t know this accident was to change(change) her whole life. 3．Do you know the old man who remains seated(seat) at the back door? 4．I didn’t know why my best friend was so confused(confuse) by this simple tale. 5．It is exciting(excite) that our monitor has won the English speech competition. 6．The aim of the talent show is to enrich(enrich) students’ extra-curricular activities. 7．The power supply was cut off suddenly last night，which was surprising(surprise)． 8．While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 9．Her hobby is collecting(collect) some nice cards from her friends who always follow the trend. 10．With the purpose of strengthening self-discipline awareness，an online class was organized(organize) last month. Ⅱ.完成句子(共5题；每小题3分，共15分) 1．比赛定于10月10日举行。 The competition is scheduled to be held on October 10th. 2．毫不奇怪，你出色的技能一定会帮助你获胜。 It is not surprising that your amazing skills are bound to help you win out. 3．当时的情形非常尴尬，我只好向我的同事求助。 The situation then was so embarrassing that I had to turn to my colleagues for help. 4．昨天我去看了本年度最有影响力的电影，它实际上有点乏味。 I went to see the most influential film of the year yesterday，which was actually a little boring. 5．得知你对中国画感兴趣，我写信邀请你参加一个中国画比赛。 Knowing that you are interested in Chinese painting，I’m writing to invite you to join in a Chinese Painting Competition. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) “Is it art？” Tyka，an artist and software engineer，asked the audience at Christie’s 2019 Art ＋ Tech Summit in New York in June 2019.The event’s theme was “The A．I. Revolution” and Tyka was referring to artwork created using artificial intelligence.He flashed an image of a urinal(男用小便池) on two large screens at either side of the stage—Marcel Duchamp’s famous and controversial sculpture Fountain.The audience laughed.“Obviously，it can be，” he said. However，many in the art community are wrestling with several unanswered questions after an algorithm-generated print that resembled 19th century European portraits was sold for $432,500.For example：When artwork is accomplished by means of the algorithm(算法)，who is the artist—the programmer or the computer? Because many works of AI art are digital，how do you value a creation that’s designed to live natively on the Internet and be widely shared? And where，exactly，is the market for this new kind of work headed? There are few clear answers. Claire Marmion，the founder and CEO of Haven Art Group，says collectors are still trying to figure out where the market for AI art is heading，and that it may not be the disruptive(破坏性的) force that some think it will be.Or，at least，the industry will adapt to it. Mario Klingemann，whose work was sold by Sotheby’s，prefers the term “generative art”，which includes all works created using algorithms，and believes the current buzz will eventually die down，otherwise AI art isn’t going anywhere.Instead，he thinks it will one day be viewed as simply another tool of the artist. “Just like photography never goes away，or making movies doesn’t，I’m pretty sure it will establish itself as a new media format，” he says.“Right now，of course，it’s all this mystery about AI，but I expect this to become really just a normal thing，where people will focus on what artists are actually saying with their art.” 语篇解读　本文属于说明文。文章介绍了人们对人工智能艺术作品的价值、意义及发展方向的看法。 1．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To show what art is. B．To entertain readers. C．To explain the event’s theme. D．To lead to the topic of the passage. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。文章第一段描述了艺术家兼软件工程师Tyka向观众展示使用人工智能创作的艺术作品并问观众问题的场景；第二段则承接第一段，开始介绍与当前人工智能艺术作品有关的令人困惑的一些问题。由此推知，第一段起到引出本文话题的作用。故选D。 2．What makes people in the art industry feel confused? A．Who is the real creator of a piece of AI artwork. B．Where the market for AI artwork is located. C．How to sell AI artwork at a high price. D．How to share AI artwork. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“When artwork is accomplished by means of the algorithm(算法)，who is the artist—the programmer or the computer？”可知，艺术行业的人们对人工智能艺术作品的真正创作者感到困惑。故选A项。 3．Which can best explain the underlined word “buzz” in paragraph 4? A．Excitement. B．Objection. C．Revolution. D．Controversy. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。文章第二、三段主要阐述了当前艺术行业的人们对人工智能艺术作品的不同看法，第四段主要阐述了Klingemann对这种艺术作品的看法，结合画线词后的“Instead，he thinks it will one day be viewed as simply another tool of the artist.”可知，他对这种艺术形式持支持态度，故推断画线词所在句是说他认为当前对于人工智能艺术作品的争论终会平息。画线词buzz与D项“争论”意思相近。故选D。 4．What does Klingemann think about AI art? A．Its future is unclear. B．It will disturb the traditional art industry. C．It will be as common as photography and movies. D．It will be applied to photography and film industry. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Just like photography never goes away，or making movies doesn’t，I’m pretty sure it will establish itself as a new media format”和“I expect this to become really just a normal thing”可知，Klingemann认为人工智能艺术将像摄影和电影一样成为一种常见的媒体形式。故选C。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) Do you love American country music? It is 1. (real) popular not only in America but also all over the world.2. you love American country music，come to Nashville.It’s the home of American country music. Nashville is 3. capital city of Tennessee.In Nashville，you don’t have to go to big auditoriums(音乐厅) 4. (enjoy) country music.You can always hear the beautiful and sweet country music in the open-air restaurants or on the streets.All the singers are young 5. they play their guitars while they sing.The songs they sing are very 6.__________(touch)．If you listen to them with your heart，you can feel they are singing with their souls rather than with their voices. When you visit Nashville，you can find shops 7. (sell) music records and tapes everywhere.Many records 8. (make) by famous singers and they are sent to many countries all over the world. The country songs most of the singers sing come from the rural areas in the southern United States.The songs often describe those day-to-day situations and the 9. (feeling) of the country people.Singers often sing country songs 10. praise of heroism and true love. 1．答案　really 解析　考查副词。修饰形容词“popular”应用副词形式。故填really。 2．答案　If 解析　考查状语从句。这里为条件状语从句的引导词，意为“如果”，用if；空格处位于句首，首字母大写。故填If。 3．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。根据capital city of Tennessee可知，此处是特指，用定冠词。故填the。 4．答案　to enjoy 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to enjoy。 5．答案　and 解析　考查连词。空前“All the singers are young”和空后“they play their guitars while they sing”之间为并列关系，用连词and。故填and。 6．答案　touching 解析　考查形容词。这里为形容词作表语，动词“touch”的形容词形式有两种：touched意为“被打动的”，修饰人；touching意为“动人的，感人的”，修饰物。本句主语为“The songs”，应用touching。故填touching。 7．答案　selling 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处需填非谓语动词，动词“sell”和逻辑主语“shops”之间为主动关系，用v.-ing形式。故填selling。 8．答案　are made 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语“Many records”和动词“make”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are made。 9．答案　feelings 解析　考查名词复数。根据上文的“situations”以及空后的后置定语“of the country people”可推断，空处为名词的复数形式。故填feelings。 10．答案　in 解析　考查固定搭配。固定搭配：in praise of意为“为了颂扬……；歌颂……”，符合句意。故填in。 训练6　Using language(B) 分值：32.5分 Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7题；每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A Woven Wonders：Indian Textiles from the Parpia Collection August 10－September 4,2023 The Parpia Collection—one of the most important private collections of Indian textiles(纺织品) outside of India—is also one of the most important in the United States. Woven Wonders: Indian Textiles from the Parpia Collection brings this collection to Houston people for the first time.The objects date from the 14th century to the early 20th century.The collection shows the outstanding textile arts produced in India throughout history with examples of hand-painted and hand-block-printed cotton，and other traditional skills. The Museum has focused on South Asian art，especially Indian textiles.New York-based collectors Banoo and Jeevak Parpia have been involved with the Museum since 2018，first as guest speakers on India’s global textile traditions，and then as experts to help survey and review selections from the Museum’s Annette Finnigan Collection. Group Visits Visiting with a group of 10 or more? For information，see through Group Visits and Tours.Group bookings not available for opening and closing weeks. This exhibition is organized by the Museum of Fine Arts，Houston. Lead Underwriters： The Sushila and Dr.Durga D．Agrawal Family Generous support provided by： Sesh and Prabha Bala Milton D．Rosenau，Jr.and Dr.Ellen R．Gritz Chitra Kumar and Kumar Bashyam Paul and Manmeet Likhari Nidhika and Pershant Mehta Drs.Kumara and Usha Peddamatham Special exhibition programming is made possible by The Medha and Shashank Karve Endowment Fund. 1．What can visitors enjoy at the exhibition? A．Ancient Indian book-printing skills. B．Banoo’s wonderful speeches. C．Indian traditional cloth art. D．Special Indian dress traditions. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The collection shows the outstanding textile arts produced in India throughout history with examples of hand-painted and hand-block-printed cotton，and other traditional skills.”可知，参观者在展览会上可以欣赏到印度传统布艺。故选C。 2．When should visitors avoid booking group tickets? A．At weekends. B．On weekdays. C．On summer holidays. D．At the beginning of the exhibition. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Group Visits部分中“Group bookings not available for opening and closing weeks.”可知，参观者应避免在开幕或闭幕周预定团体票，故选D。 3．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To seek some help. B．To advertise an exhibition. C．To introduce Indian textiles. D．To tell about a museum’s history. 答案　B 解析　写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Woven Wonders这一展览的信息。由此可推知，文章的写作目的是吸引人们前来参观展览，即为展览做广告。故选B。 B In many people’s eyes，artist Mark Rothko’s enormous paintings are nothing more than masses of color.Yet，a painting can be worth nearly $100 million.Besides，Pablo Picasso’s twisted faces attract some viewers but terrify others. Why does the phenomenon happen? The answer may lie in our brain networks.Researchers have now developed an algorithm(算法) that can predict art preference by analyzing how a person’s brain breaks down visual information and decides whether a painting is “good”．The findings show for the first time how basic features of a painting combine with human judgment to give art value in our minds. Most people，including researchers，consider art preference to be various，says Anjan Chatterjee，a neurologist(神经学家) at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the study.In some cases，personal preference is rooted in biology.For instance，sugary foods help us survive and people tend to share similar standards of beauty when it comes to human faces and landscapes.However，when it comes to art，we seem to care about and value relatively arbitrary(任意的) things，according to Chatterjee. To figure out how the brain forms value judgments about art，neuroscientist Kiyohito Iigaya and his colleagues first asked more than 1,300 volunteers on the website Amazon Mechanical Turk to rate a selection of 825 paintings from four Western types including impressionism，cubism，abstract art and color field painting.Volunteers were all over the age of 18，but researchers didn’t give exact information about their familiarity with art or their ethnic(种族的) or national origin. The researchers revealed that paintings preferred by the same groups of people tended to share certain visual characteristics.These characteristics all fell into two categories: “Low-level” characteristics，like contrast and color，were intrinsic(固有的) to an image; “High-level” characteristics，like the emotion a painting brought about，required human understanding.Once the method was trained，it could analyze these characteristics in new paintings and accurately predict which works a person would like. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。人们对不同的艺术作品的评价不同，研究人员的最新调查发现，这与人们的大脑网络有关。 4．What do the cases in paragraph 1 mainly indicate? A．The value of different works of art. B．The characteristics of different artists. C．The importance of facial appearances. D．The differences in people’s appreciation of beauty. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。 根据第一段的描述“In many people’s eyes，artist Mark Rothko’s enormous paintings...attract some viewers but terrify others.”及第二段对于艺术偏好的研究可知，第一段的两个例子主要说明人们对美的感知不同。故选D。 5．Which of the following ideas may Anjan Chatterjee support? A．People’s preference is mainly rooted in biology. B．People usually share common feelings towards scenery. C．Researchers’ art preference is different from others’． D．Art works have fewer arbitrary things to value. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“...and people tend to share similar standards of beauty when it comes to human faces and landscapes.”可知，Anjan Chatterjee会赞同人们对于风景的感受通常是相同的。故选B。 6．Which of the following factors was taken into account during the study? A．The identity of the participants. B．The background of the paintings. C．The wide range of paintings. D．The national origin of the participants. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“...a selection of 825 paintings from four Western types including impressionism，cubism，abstract art and color field painting.”可知，研究考虑了绘画作品的不同类型。故选C。 7．What’s the last paragraph mainly about? A．The findings of the study. B．The researchers’ different viewpoints. C．The process of the study. D．The researchers’ prediction for related research. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段中“The researchers revealed that paintings preferred by the same groups of people tended to...required human understanding.”可知，本段主要是关于此项研究的发现。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) Four children in Colombia survived a plane crash.They were 1 in the jungle(丛林) for 40 days before they were finally 2 .How did the miracle of life come about? Lesly,13，was travelling with her family in a light aircraft when the engine was 3 and the aircraft crashed.All except Lesly and her three younger brothers died. After the accident，Lesly took care of her younger brothers.She 4 through the wreckage(残骸) of the plane for food with her brothers.Once having 5 it，they sought wild fruits that they 6 to be eatable.They even used hair ribbons(丝带) to help build a 7 . The rescuers’ discovery of a child’s drink bottle and a simple shelter gave searchers 8 that the children were still alive.To help the children，rescue packages were dropped to the jungle floor by the helicopter for them to get 9 ，along with 10,000 brochures telling 10 on how to survive.Speakers from a helicopter broadcast a(n) 11 message from the children’s grandmother telling them to stay 12 and wait for help. 13 ，a dog led the rescuers to the children，who seemed extremely weak from thirst，hunger and insect bites.Their aunt believed it was the wildness survival skills they learned at an early age that helped them 14 the difficult time.Lesly was highly spoken of for her courage and 15 . 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述四名哥伦比亚儿童在一架飞机坠毁后幸存下来，他们在丛林中生存了40天，最终被发现并得到救援的故事。 1．A.followed B．arranged C．cheated D．trapped 答案　D 解析　根据上文“Four children in Colombia survived a plane crash.”和句中“in the jungle(丛林) for 40 days”可推知，孩子们在空难后被困丛林40天。故选D。 2．A.defeated B．convinced C．rescued D．recognized 答案　C 解析　defeat击败；convince说服；rescue救援；recognize认出。根据下文“How did the miracle of life come about？”可知，出现了奇迹，由此可推知，孩子们最终得到了救援。故选C。 3．A.out of date B．out of action C．in operation D．in sight 答案　B 解析　out of date过时；out of action不运转；in operation在操作中；in sight在视野内。根据句中“the aircraft crashed”可推知，飞机引擎失灵，不运转了，所以坠机。故选B。 4．A.searched B．designed C．expected D．removed 答案　A 解析　search搜索；design设计；expect期望；remove去除。根据句中“the wreckage(残骸) of the plane for food”可知，莱斯利带着兄弟们寻找食物。故选A。 5．A.realized B．spotted C．consumed D．gathered 答案　C 解析　realize实现；spot发现；consume吃；gather收集。根据句中“they sought wild fruits”可推知，他们吃完了在飞机残骸中搜寻到的食物。故选C。 6．A.pretended B．confirmed C．imagined D．hesitated 答案　B 解析　pretend假装；confirm确认；imagine想象；hesitate犹豫。根据句中“wild fruits”和“eatable”可推知，他们要确认找到的野果是可以食用的。故选B。 7．A.future B．system C．bridge D．shelter 答案　D 解析　future未来；system系统；bridge桥；shelter庇护所。根据下文“The rescuers’ discovery of a child’s drink bottle and a simple shelter”可知，孩子们搭建了一个庇护所。故选D。 8．A.faith B．doubt C．luck D．regret 答案　A 解析　根据句中“that the children were still alive”可知，救援人员看到孩子们生活的痕迹时相信他们还活着。故选A。 9．A.assumptions B．promotions C．messages D．supplies 答案　D 解析　assumption假设；promotion促销；message信息；supply补给品。根据句中“rescue packages were dropped to the jungle floor”可知，扔到丛林的救援包是给孩子们的补给品。故选D。 10．A.changes B．reviews C．tips D．ads 答案　C 解析　change变化；review评论；tip建议；ad广告。根据句中“10,000 brochures”和“how to survive”可知，小册子里有关于丛林生存的建议。故选C。 11．A.ignored B．recorded C．complete D．secret 答案　B 解析　ignored被忽略的；recorded记录的；complete完全的；secret秘密的。根据句中“Speakers from a helicopter broadcast”和“message from the children’s grandmother”可推知，扬声器播放的是录好的祖母的声音。故选B。 12．A.awake B．energetic C．creative D．still 答案　D 解析　awake醒着的；energetic精力充沛的；creative有创造力的；still不动的。根据句中“wait for help”可知，祖母让孩子们不要移动，在原地等待救援。故选D。 13．A.Eventually B．Identically C．Gradually D．Curiously 答案　A 解析　eventually最终；identically相同地；gradually逐渐地；curiously好奇地。根据上文可知，孩子们被困丛林40天，所以是“最终”他们被找到。故选A。 14．A.run across B．take up C．get through D．set down 答案　C 解析　run across跑过；take up占据；get through度过；set down记下。根据句中“Their aunt believed it was the wildness survival skills they learned at an early age”可推知，姑姑认为是他们小时候学到的野外生存技能帮助他们度过了困难时期。故选C。 15．A.freedom B．wisdom C．humor D．desire 答案　B 解析　根据上文可知，13岁的莱斯利带着弟弟们寻找食物，搭建庇护所，最终在丛林中活了下来，所以她是勇敢且有智慧的。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $