Unit 6 Section Ⅳ (1) Present perfect continuous（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦现在完成进行时核心知识点，通过“短文感知—自主发现—对比辨析”的学习支架，先以David学中文短文引导学生感知其结构（have/has been+现在分词），再系统梳理持续动作、重复动作、感情色彩三类用法，最后对比现在完成时（强调结果、被动等），构建完整知识脉络。 该资料以情境化输入激活语言能力，如用真实语境短文帮助理解；通过对比辨析提升思维品质，如分点对比两种时态差异；多样化练习（语法填空、阅读理解等）结合高考真题与现实话题（如数字技术保护文化遗产），课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生巩固应用，查漏补缺。

Section Ⅳ　Using language(1)—Present perfect continuous 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并回答其后的题目 David ①has been looking forward to working in China.So he ②has been learning Chinese in the past two years.Until now he ③has mastered about 300 Chinese words and can communicate with Chinese people in simple Chinese.Besides，some Chinese stories ④have been bought by his parents and he ⑤has finished reading two of them. [自主发现] 句①②使用了现在完成进行时，其构成为have/has＋been＋现在分词，表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。句③④⑤使用了现在完成时，其构成为have/has＋过去分词，表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，其被动形式为have/has been done。 现在完成进行时 一、现在完成进行时的结构 现在完成进行时由“have/has been＋现在分词”构成。 二、现在完成进行时的用法 1．常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在，并且会继续进行下去的动作。动词多用延续性动词，并常和all this time，this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently，for＋一段时间等状语以及since引导的状语从句连用。 He has been writing articles to the newspapers since he became a teacher. 自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊撰稿。 I have been waiting for that applicant for an hour，but he still hasn’t turned up. 我已经等那位申请人一个小时了，可他还没出现。 2．表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.最近我们常常见面。 You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad.整整一年你都在说要出国学习。 3．表示某种感情色彩。 I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.和你见面是我盼望已久的事。 Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个多事的日子。 三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时 1．现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。 Have you been meeting him recently？你最近常和他见面吗？ Have you met him recently？你最近见过他吗？ 2．现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满) I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实) 3．现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，而现在完成时强调结果，即动作的完成。 He has written a letter.他写了一封信。(已经写好) He has been writing a letter.他一直在写一封信。(仍然在写) 4．有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：表示状态的动词：be，have，exist等；表示感情的动词：like，love等；表示感觉的动词：see，hear，know等。 He has had a cold for a week.他已经感冒一周了。 I have liked jazz since I was a teenager.从青少年起我就喜欢爵士乐了。 I have known her for a long time.我已经认识她很长时间了。 5．与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；但与“次数”连用时只能用现在完成时，不能用现在完成进行时。 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．You’ve been saying you can succeed for five years，but your work isn’t progressing steadily. 五年来你一直在说你能成功，但是你的工作并没有稳步前进。 2．I have been visiting some museums of this city at my leisure this month. 这个月我闲暇时一直在参观这个城市的几个博物馆。 3．The geologist looks thin and tired.He has been working too hard recently. 这位地质学家看起来又瘦又累，他近来工作很辛苦。 4．I have been reading this novel related to cybercrime for two hours，but I haven’t finished it. 这本与网络犯罪有关的小说，我已经读了两小时了，但我还没读完。 5．The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained around that level ever since.(2020·天津) 在20世纪90年代早期，医学院的数量达到了18所，并且从那时起一直保持在这个数量左右。 Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 Since the winter holidays two years ago，we 1.have been studying(study) hard for the college entrance exam.Two English books 2.have been finished(finish) and more than 600 words 3.have been memorized(memorize)．We 4.have been looking(look) forward to entering a key university.We 5.have made(make) adequate preparations.The day we 6.have been expecting(expect) is approaching.How I wish to be admitted to my dream university! 训练5　Using language(A) 分值：52分 Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共8题；每小题1.5分，共12分) 1．Since then，scientists have been experimenting(experiment) with the DNA of the plant to create one that will reduce air pollution. 2．It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended(attend) since I came to this school. 3．The police have been keeping(keep) track of the underground organization for two years. 4．Careful people may notice that this city’s unemployment rate has been rising(rise) in recent years. 5．In order to find the missing child，villagers have been doing(do) all they can over the past five hours. 6．So many great changes have taken(take) place in my hometown that it is totally beyond recognition. 7．The two friends have been chatting(chat) on the Internet for three hours，and they will go on till next morning. 8．We have been advertising(advertise) in all the local papers for a nurse，but with no result to date. Ⅱ.完成句子(共5题；每小题3分，共15分) 1．你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你刚才一直在打扫教室吧。 Your clothes are covered with dust.You have been cleaning the classroom just now，I think. 2．我发现最近你一直在丢东西。 I find that you have been losing things all the time in recent time. 3．我最近一直从报纸上看有关招聘的信息。 I have been reading the information about recruitment from the newspaper recently. 4．因为已经采取了许多有效措施，环境已经被极大地改善了。 Because many effective measures have been taken，the environment has been improved a lot. 5．这个小男孩从头到脚都很脏，因为他整个早上都一直在泥巴里玩。 The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he has been playing in the mud all the morning. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) The Notre Dame(巴黎圣母院) fire has been put out，but its roof has been largely damaged.The terrible accident causes a sudden sharp pain to people around the world.What a pity that we can’t see the damaged parts of the wonder anymore. But the good news is that there is at least one way of seeing them，namely via a video game called Assassin’s Creed: Unity.In this game，the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in reality，and see Notre Dame as it was before.In addition，with VR technology，one can even look around the undamaged Notre Dame as if it is still there.Maybe digital technology could help better protect architectural cultural heritage(遗产)． The idea of digitizing ancient buildings dates back to the 1990s and the technology has continued to advance since then.By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers，building 3D models with hundreds of images，as well as measuring everything precisely，engineers can make a copy as “same” as the real one. As computers and smartphones are popular，the digital copy has great practical value.First，it allows tourists to feel the cultural relics(遗迹) without touching them，which helps protect them.The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them.In 2000，a virtual tour of the Great Wall became very popular at the Hannover World Expo.Above all，it preserves all the information of the cultural relics.Even if the original ones are damaged one day，people can still know what they were like and can build a replica(复制品) if desired. Time is the biggest problem to architectural heritage.We will have better technologies，but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment. 1．What can we learn from the passage? A．The original look of Notre Dame can be seen with the video game. B．The damaged parts of Notre Dame have been repaired. C．Only people in Paris felt pain for losing Notre Dame. D．The big fire has damaged the whole Notre Dame. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In this game，the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in reality，and see Notre Dame as it was before.”可知，在该游戏中，玩游戏的人可以看到大火之前巴黎圣母院的外观。故选A。 2．What will engineers do to create a digital replica of the ancient buildings? A．Scan the photos of the buildings. B．Measure all the parts exactly. C．Improve the technology needed. D．Build 3D models of full size. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers，building 3D models with hundreds of images，as well as measuring everything precisely，engineers can make a copy as ‘same’ as the real one.”可知，通过用激光扫描古代建筑、用数百张图像建立三维模型，并精确测量每样东西，工程师们可以做出一个与真实建筑“一样”的复制品。故选B。 3．How does the author prove the digital copy has vital practical importance? A．By comparison. B．By listing data. C．By giving examples. D．By classification. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them...” 可知，作者以敦煌石窟、长城的虚拟之旅为例，证明了数字拷贝具有至关重要的现实意义。故选C。 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The value of digital replica. B．The damage of Notre Dame. C．Repairing the natural heritage with VR technology. D．An alternative measure to protect architectural cultural heritage. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段中的 “...but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment.”可知，本文主要讲述了运用数字技术来保护建筑文化遗产。故选D。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) Makeover(翻新) for Hong Kong Parks In the past several months，small parks in Hong Kong 1. (give) a colorful makeover by a charity called Design Trust.One now has strawberry-colored seats and tables，and a pink floor where people can relax 2. (them) and play board games in bright surroundings. As well as its city areas，Hong Kong 3. (have) more than 200 islands with mountains and nature reserves.There are around 500 pocket parks in Hong Kong，some of 4._______________ are sometimes as small as half 5. tennis court.They are often squeezed in between skyscrapers or tucked(塞进) under bridges. Hong Kong’s urban areas are 6. (incredible) crowded，meaning there are lots of people living in very small areas and there is little room for big parks.7. this sense，the pocket parks are important places for them to spend time outside playing games like chess and mahjong and 8. (meet) friends. Until recently most pocket parks looked the same，with concrete tiles(地砖) and plain 9.____________(bench)．The Design Trust worked with communities to make the space much 10.________________(colorful)．The project has been so successful that the Hong Kong government has said it will rebuild 170 more parks and playgrounds in the next five years. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的几个月里，香港的小公园被一个名为“设计信托”的慈善机构进行了丰富多彩的改造。 1．答案　have been given 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，复数主语small parks与谓语构成被动关系，结合时间状语“In the past several months”可知，空处为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。故填have been given。 2．答案　themselves 解析　考查代词。由句意可知，此处表示“他们自己”，应用反身代词。故填themselves。 3．答案　has 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为Hong Kong，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has。 4．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。此处为“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词500 pocket parks，指物，应用which。 5．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。court为可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且tennis的首字母发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 6．答案　incredibly 解析　考查副词。修饰形容词crowded，应用副词作状语。故填incredibly。 7．答案　In 解析　考查介词。固定短语in this sense表示“从这种意义上来说”，句首单词首字母要大写。故填In。 8．答案　meeting 解析　考查非谓语动词。固定短语spend time (in) doing sth表示“花费时间做某事”。故填meeting。 9．答案　benches 解析　考查名词复数。bench“长椅”为可数名词，前面没有限定词，应用复数形式。故填benches。 10．答案　more colorful 解析　考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的much以及句意可知，空处应用比较级。故填more colorful。 训练6　Using language(B) 分值：35分 Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Hawk Salvage，located in the historic neighborhood on Grand Avenue，is the place to find one-of-a-kind things.The store features a collection of curious things of the past and，most recently，a huge selection of rare and unique houseplants. Founded by Greg Hawk，who has traveled from coast to coast finding items for his store，Hawk Salvage is like a well-kept history museum.Its walls and display cases were filled with ancient art and historical photos.Even the space is a slice of history—it served as an automotive garage in the 1940s.The front of the shop is home to lots of greenery. On October 17 from 10 a．m.to 4 p．m.，the store will host its first-ever community plant swap，where plant parents can bring their plants and trade them for new plants.Visitors can learn tips and tricks from other fellow plant lovers and enjoy live music，artist demonstrations，food trucks and more.It will be a plant party for the ages，Hawk says.To take part in the plant swap，guests must bring at least one live and healthy plant to trade for another plant of equal size. Because his regular picking trips was put on hold，Hawk，who is also interested in gardening，started propagating(繁殖) plants.“I started looking at houseplants and it just opened up this huge can of worms of all the cool things that are out there，and now I find myself with more plants than I want to take care of，” he says.Hosting an event where he could clear away some of his plants while reconnecting the community is a win-win situation，he adds. Hawk says the event is open to everyone.His advice for new plant fans? “Be patient.Buy something simple to start with.Everything dies，so you’re going to kill plants—it’s part of the process，” he says.“I think the biggest tip that I would give is not to be afraid to experiment with your plants.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Greg Hawk是一个植物爱好者，他创立了Hawk Salvage，并准备举办植物交换活动。 1．What can visitors do in the plant swap? A．Trade their plants for others. B．Get their cars or trucks repaired. C．Buy some rare and unique things. D．Draw beautiful pictures on its walls. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“On October 17 from 10 a．m.to 4 p．m.，the store will host its first-ever community plant swap，where plant parents can bring their plants and trade them for new plants.”可知，游客们可以用自己的植物换取其他植物。故选A。 2．What is a requirement for the plant swap? A．Owning a large garden. B．Bringing some greenery. C．Having planting experience. D．Being good at hosting plant parties. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“To take part in the plant swap，guests must bring at least one live and healthy plant to trade for another plant of equal size.”可知，植物交换活动的要求是带来一些绿色植物。故选B。 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Why Hawk ended his regular picking trips. B．Why Hawk decided to host the plant swap. C．How Hawk took care of his plants in the past. D．How Hawk started his journey as a plant-lover. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段中“Because his regular picking trips was put on hold，Hawk...‘I started looking at houseplants and it just opened up this huge can of worms of all the cool things that are out there，and now I find myself with more plants than I want to take care of，’ he says.”可知，第四段主要讲述霍克是如何开始成为植物爱好者的。故选D。 4．What advise does Hawk give to new plant fans? A．They should be careful when planting. B．They should stay away from houseplants. C．They should learn by experience. D．They should turn to experienced planters. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘Be patient.Buy something simple to start with.Everything dies，so you’re going to kill plants—it’s part of the process，’ he says.”可知，Hawk建议新植物迷要有耐心，要从经验中学习。故选C。 B Historical heritage is human beings’ wisdom.Historical relics，however，as time goes by，suffer different degrees of damage.People used to protect cultural relics by manual work—photographing and rubbing(拓印) techniques.Although this method can keep the basic information，many vital details are still ignored. At present,3D digitalization has been proved to be the most popular technology in the field of cultural heritage.The 3D digital technology can be used for data archiving(存档)，displaying as well as restoration. 3D scanning(扫描) technology features fast measurement speed and accurate capturing(绘制) capacity.It’s good at collecting enough and accurate 3D data from different perspectives，which is beneficial to the restoration of historical relics when they suffer accidental damage.Experts can also virtually restore the heritage through the computer，and finish assistant research by means of accurate 3D models. For historical relics’ protection，nevertheless,3D scanning isn’t the only way to put it into use.3D printing also contributes to displaying historical relics.It provides people with more chances to get to know historical relics and better understand human beings’ history. Yecheng Museum unearthed a new collection of cultural relics in April 2019.One of the most urgent issues for archaeologists was data archiving.Invited by Quimbaya Art×Tech，ScanTech conducted 3D scanning immediately on these relics by 3D scanner.This handheld 3D laser scanner was equipped with the world’s leading-edge technologies and brought great convenience for further restoration and research. To avoid any damage，Yecheng Museum combined with 3D printing technology based on 3D data to reproduce 1：1 3D models of cultural relics for exhibition，which aimed to make more people get close to history and pass on the precious historical heritage. Many thousand-year cultural treasures have gradually disappeared from our sight due to technical problems.However,3D scanning and 3D printing technologies provide very effective 3D solutions for historical relic display and protection. 5．What do we know about the traditional way of historical heritage protection? A．It is lack of important details. B．It proves the wisdom of humans. C．It consumes more time and effort. D．It restores cultural heritage to its previous condition. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Although this method can keep the basic information，many vital details are still ignored.”可知，传统的历史遗产保护方式缺少重要的细节。故选A。 6．What benefit does 3D scanning technology bring to historical relic protection? A．It restores a damaged historical relic fast on a computer. B．It accurately evaluates the original look of a historical relic. C．It automatically enters information on relics into a computer. D．It contributes to collecting the data of a historical relic efficiently. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“3D scanning(扫描) technology features fast measurement speed and accurate capturing(绘制) capacity.It’s good at collecting enough and accurate 3D data from different perspectives”可知，3D扫描技术有助于高效地收集历史遗产的数据。故选D。 7．Why is Yecheng Museum mentioned in the text? A．To compare the two 3D technologies. B．To place a high value on historical relics. C．To appeal to the public for historical museums. D．To show the application of 3D digitalization in historical relic protection. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段以及第六段“To avoid any damage...pass on the precious historical heritage.”可推知，文章提到邺城博物馆是为了展示3D数字技术在文物保护中的应用。故选D。 8．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Scientific ways of restoring cultural relics. B．The rapid development of 3D technologics. C．3D technologies for protecting historical relics. D．The challenges of 3D historical heritage protection. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了3D扫描和3D打印技术对保护历史文物的作用。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了保护历史遗产的3D技术。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) I opened the door of our campervan(房车)．My two cats，Gatinha and Jon Snow， 1 down the stairs and onto the grass.In the distance，the sea 2 before me and the sun’s rays danced on the surface，creating a(n) 3 display of light and shadow. A month earlier，Wade,35，and I thought we were ready for our travel in 4 .So we 5 our office jobs to travel around Australia in our truck that we’d transformed into a 6 on wheels.Besides saving for the trip，we’d set up a website to 7 money while we were travelling，along with renting out our home. Knowing we couldn’t leave our two rescue cats behind，we decided to bring them with us.After doing some 8 ，I discovered that seeing cats on the road is 9 but we didn’t let it stop us.To 10 the cats to their new home，we brought them into the van while we worked.Finally，we were on the way to travel. For the first few days they 11 the inside of the van，but as days turned to weeks，they gradually grew more 12 .It wasn’t long before they were curiously sniffing the grass. 13 ，neither of the cats have ever walked far and we 14 them to wander freely. Looking back， 15 the city life to travel around was the best decision we ever made，and our cats make the perfect companions! 语篇解读　本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者和Wade辞职，带着两只猫，开着卡车环游澳大利亚的故事。 1．A.jumped B．bent C．fell D．stopped 答案　A 解析　由上文“I opened the door of our campervan(房车)．”和下文“down the stairs and onto the grass”可知，作者打开车门，两只猫从车里跳下来，故选A。 2．A.shouted B．stretched C．folded D．disappeared 答案　B 解析　由上文“In the distance，the sea”可知，大海向远处延伸，故选B。 3．A.heartbreaking B．imaginary C．breathtaking D．disturbing 答案　C 解析　由上文“the sun’s rays danced on the surface”和下文“display of light and shadow”可知，太阳的光线在海面上跳跃着，形成了一个光影交织的画面，这个画面很美丽，令人惊叹，故选C。 4．A.time B．budget C．energy D．facility 答案　B 解析　由下文“Besides saving for the trip”和下文“we were travelling，along with renting out our home”可知，作者和Wade节省钱来旅行，由此可知，此处指为旅行做好预算，故选B。 5．A.quit B．ignored C．took D．changed 答案　A 解析　由下文“our office jobs to travel around Australia in our truck”可知，作者和Wade辞职去环澳大利亚旅行，故选A。 6．A.library B．school C．hotel D．home 答案　D 解析　由上文“we’d transformed into a”和上文提到作者和Wade辞职去旅行可知，他们开着车去旅行，即将卡车变成了一个家，下文“the cats to their new home”中的home也是提示，故选D。 7．A.make B．save C．collect D．donate 答案　A 解析　由上文“Besides saving for the trip，we’d set up a website to”可知，除了省钱，作者还建立网站挣钱，故选A。 8．A.practice B．thought C．discussion D．research 答案　D 解析　由下文“I discovered that seeing cats on the road is ”可知，这是作者在做了一些研究后所发现的，故选D。 9．A.common B．fascinating C．rare D．natural 答案　C 解析　由下文“but we didn’t let it stop us”可知，but前后是转折关系，虽然带着猫旅行是很少见的，但这并没有打消作者的想法，故选C。 10．A.force B．adapt C．move D．lead 答案　B 解析　adapt...to是固定搭配，意为“使……适应”。由下文“the cats to their new home，we brought them into the van while we worked”可知，作者在工作的时候把这两只猫带进车里，这是为了让它们适应新家，故选B。 11．A.focused on B．messed up C．escaped from D．stuck to 答案　D 解析　由上文“For the first few days”和下文“the inside of the van”以及下文提到的慢慢地这两只猫开始去外面可知，刚开始的几天，这两只猫一直待在车里，故选D。 12．A.dependent B．anxious C．confident D．tolerant 答案　C 解析　由下文“It wasn’t long before they were curiously sniffing the grass.”和上文提到的刚开始这两只猫一直待在车里可知，慢慢地这两只猫变得自信起来，开始走出卡车，故选C。 13．A.Amazingly B．Suddenly C．Regretfully D．Doubtfully 答案　A 解析　下文“neither of the cats have ever walked far”提到这两只猫从未走远过，结合常识可推知，这令作者很惊讶，故选A。 14．A.ordered B．reminded C．taught D．trusted 答案　D 解析　上文“neither of the cats have ever walked far”提到这两只猫从未走远过，由此可知作者信任这两只猫，相信它们可以自由漫步而丢不了。故选D。 15．A.exchanging B．choosing C．abandoning D．experiencing 答案　C 解析　由下文“the city life to travel around”和上文提到的作者和Wade辞职开着卡车环游澳大利亚可知，此处指放弃城市生活去旅行，故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $