Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语词汇学习核心知识点，系统构建“基础词汇—拓展应用—综合训练”的学习支架。先梳理18个重点词汇（如debt, guarantee）、13组拓展词汇（如inform→information→informed）及17个阅读词汇，再通过搭配、句型及写作佳句解析词汇用法，最后结合一词多义、熟词生义及单词拼写、语法填空、阅读理解等多样化训练题，实现词汇从认知到应用的递进。 该资料以语言能力培养为核心，融合思维品质与学习能力提升。例如拓展词汇部分通过词根词缀法梳理派生词，帮助学生构建词汇网络提升语言能力；阅读理解题（如89岁老人坚持毕业的故事）引导学生在语境中运用词汇，培养坚持不懈的思维品质。课中教师可借助写作佳句示例辅助词汇教学，课后学生通过分层训练（基础拼写、语篇应用）巩固记忆，有效查漏补缺，提升词汇综合运用能力。

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．debt n．债务，欠款 2．pace n．速度；进度 3．rarely adv.很少，难得 4．overnight adv.突然，一下子 5．nevertheless adv.然而，不过；尽管如此 6．classic n．名著；经典作品 7．endurance n．(忍)耐力 8．guarantee v．保证；确保 9．outcome n．结果，后果 10．worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的 11．blanket n．毯子，毛毯 12．contest n．比赛，竞赛 13．upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的 14．blessing n．幸事，幸运 15．worthy adj.值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的 16．dawn n．黎明，破晓 17．permanent adj.长久的；永久的 18．outline n．外形，轮廓 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．inform v．通知，告知→information n．信息→informed adj.见多识广的；有见识的 2．rejection n．拒绝，否决→reject v．拒绝，否决 3．persevere v．锲而不舍，坚持不懈→perseverance n．坚持 4．criticism n．批评；指责→criticiz(s)e v．批评→critic n．批评家→critical adj.批判的；关键的 5．delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的→delight n．高兴；使人高兴的事 vt.使高兴→delightful adj.令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的 6．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiasm n．热情→enthusiastically adv.热心地，满腔热情地 7．elect v．选举，推选→election n．选举 8．appreciative adj.感激的→appreciate v．感激→appreciation n．感激；欣赏 9．mere adj.仅仅，只不过→merely adv.只是；仅仅；只不过 10．gentleness n．和蔼，温和→gentle adj.温和的→gently adv.温和地 11．revelation n．展现，显示→reveal v．揭示；显示；透露 12．literary adj.文学的→literature n．文学；著作；文献 13．embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrassment n．困窘；尴尬 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．I have read the manuscript of his best-seller，which is completely different.n.手稿，底稿　n．畅销书；畅销产品 2．The beavers build their home by using sticks and mud.n.河狸，海狸 3．Fill the bread with a mixture of sausages，fried eggs and cucumbers.n.黄瓜 4．Companionship is having someone you know and like with you，rather than being on your own.n.友谊；友好交往 5．She happily felt the cool water flowing through her fingertips.n.指尖 6．The perfume of these beautiful flowers in the botanical garden intoxicates visitors.n.香味　v．使兴奋，使陶醉 7．The more they probed into the case，the more confused they were.v.调查；探究 8．Wealthy and famous as he is，he still lives a workaday life as you and me. adj.平凡的；平淡的 9．The hotel I recommend to you is located amid some lemon trees.prep.在……之中 10．Faced with the climate change，even the mighty polar bear would be at risk of starvation.adj.强有力的 11．Under its new conductor，the orchestra has established an international reputation.n.(大型的)管弦乐队 12．Babies who sleep with their parents receive much more tactile stimulation than babies who sleep alone.adj.触觉的 13．This is a pub which is a favourite haunt of many famous artists.n.(某人)常去的地方 14．Darkness has now descended and the moon and stars shine hazily in the clear sky.v.降临；来临 15．He lived in dread of the manager discovering the truth that he had stolen the money. n．畏惧，惧怕 16．He was lying in bed reading with relish when I went back home from work.n.享受，乐趣 17．So depressed was she that she hadn’t had a morsel of food since morning.n.(尤指食物的)一小片，一小块 debt n．债务，欠款 in debt负债(表示状态) out of debt不负债(表示状态) get/fall/run into debt负债，陷入债务之中(表示动作) pay off one’s debts还清债务(表示动作) (1)The company is heavily in debt for lack of proper management. (2)We’ll run into debt if you spend more than our income. [写作佳句] (3)经过多年的努力，这对年轻夫妇终于还清了债务，松了一口气。 Having worked hard for years，the young couple who finally paid off their debts sighed with relief. inform v．通知，告知(informed adj.见多识广的；有见识的 information n．[U]信息) •inform sb of/about sth通知某人某事 inform sb that...通知某人…… •keep sb informed of...随时通知某人……；使某人随时知道…… (1)It is unwise of you to share so much personal information(inform) with your online friends. (2)We want to inform you that you must pay off all your debts by next Sunday. (3)I hope you’ll keep me informed(inform) of how you’re getting on with your work. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之告知信)得知你将参加全国英语比赛，我写信告知你一些实用技巧。 Learning that you will participate in a national English contest，I’m writing to inform you of/about some practical tips. guarantee v．保证；确保 n．保证；保修单；担保物 •guarantee that...保证…… guarantee sb sth/guarantee sth to sb 向某人保证某事 guarantee to do sth保证做某事 •under guarantee在保修期内 (1)Don’t worry.We guarantee to inform(inform) you of what’s happening here in time. (2)Your watch is still under guarantee，so we will repair it for you free of charge. (3)Our good service and advanced equipment will certainly guarantee a worthwhile trip to you. [写作佳句] (4)坚持不懈和努力工作会确保你擅长任何事情。 Perseverance and hard work will guarantee that you become good at whatever it is. delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的(delight n．[U]高兴；愉快；[C]令人高兴的事；乐趣 vt.使高兴；使欣喜 delightful adj.令人高兴的，讨人喜欢的) •be delighted at/with/by...为……而高兴 be delighted to do sth为做某事而高兴；乐意做某事 •delight in sth/doing sth 以……为乐 •take (great) delight in以……为乐 with/in delight高兴地；愉快地 to one’s delight令某人高兴的是 (1)At the sight of the delightful(delight) scene，the children shouted with/in delight. (2)I am more than delighted(delight) to get the golden chance to take pictures of polar bears. [写作佳句] (3)令我高兴的是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。 To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. (4)(读后续写之情感描写)意识到他以取笑同学为乐是不礼貌的，男孩后悔地流下了眼泪。 Realizing that it was rude of him to delight in/take delight in making fun of his classmates，the boy shed tears of regret. worthwhile adj.重要的，值得做的(worth adj.值得的；具有……价值的；[古]值钱的 n．价值；作用；意义 worthy adj.值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的) •It is worthwhile doing/to do sth值得做某事 •be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做 be worth＋n.值得……；值…… •be worthy＋ (1)Keep in mind that everything worth doing(do) is worthy of being done(do) well. (2)It’s worthwhile reading/to read(read) literary books because they can help us to know more about the society and life. [写作佳句] (3)他的建议值得考虑。 ①His suggestion is worth considering/consideration.(worth) ②His suggestion is worthy of consideration/being considered/to be considered.(worthy) ③It is worthwhile considering/to consider his suggestion.(worthwhile) enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的(enthusiastically adv.热心地；热情地 enthusiasm n．热心；热情) •be enthusiastic about (doing) sth对(做)某事热心/热衷 •with enthusiasm(＝enthusiastically)热情地 (1)Every time I was in trouble，she would come to my assistance with great enthusiasm. (2)The whole playground was lively with the audience cheering enthusiastically(enthusiastic) for the athletes. (3)He was enthusiastic about playing football from boyhood，which made him later become a famous football player. [写作佳句] (4)既然你对海洋保护很感兴趣，为什么不报名参加世界海洋日活动呢？ Now that you are enthusiastic about ocean protection，why not sign up for the World Oceans Day activity? upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的；难过的 vt.使烦恼；使生气；打翻 •be upset about/at/over sth为某事烦心/难过 be upset to do sth/that...对做某事感到不安/难过 •it upset(s) sb to do sth做某事让某人不安 it upset(s) sb that...让某人心烦意乱的是…… (1)The barber stood up suddenly，upsetting(upset) a cup of coffee，which made him upset. (2)He was upset at/about/over the failure in the contest，which made him awake all night. (3)She was upset to hear(hear) that the holiday had been cancelled because of the storm. (4)It upset the composer that his friend had passed away three days before. [写作佳句] (5)(应用文写作之建议信)听说你对即将到来的期末考试感到不安，我写信给你一些建议。 Hearing that you are upset about/at/over the coming final examination，I am writing to give you some suggestions. elect v．选举，推选(election n．选举；当选；选择权) elect to do sth 选择/决定做某事 be elected (as) sth当选为；被选作 (1)The news that he had won the election(elect) was broadcast via a TV interview. (2)He elected to give(give) up his career，which made his parents upset. [写作佳句] (3)我写信祝贺你当选学生会主席。 I am writing to congratulate you on your being elected (as) chairman of the Students’ Council. appreciative adj.感激的(appreciate vt.欣赏；理解；鉴赏；感激；意识到 appreciation n．感激；欣赏，赏识) •be appreciative of感激；欣赏 •appreciate (one’s) doing sth感激(某人)做某事 I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激。 •in appreciation of/for感激/感谢…… (1)He was enthusiastic about my plan，of which I was very appreciative. (2)I really appreciate being elected(elect) as chairman of the Students’ Council. (3)Here I sincerely express my appreciation(appreciate) for your helping find my lost suitcase. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之申请信)如果您能考虑一下我的申请，我将非常感激。 I would appreciate it a lot if you could take my application into account. (5)(应用文写作之感谢信)我写信感谢你在我准备英语比赛时的慷慨指导。 I am writing in appreciation of your generous guidance when I was preparing for the English contest. Ⅰ.一词多义 upset A.adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的　B.vt.弄翻，打翻　C.vt.打乱　D.vt.使生气，使烦恼 1．He stood up suddenly，upsetting the soup. B 2．What made him upset was that he only got criticism from others. A 3．It upset her that she wasn’t informed of the cancellation of the meeting. D 4．The sudden change of the weather upset our plan to go to the entertainment park. C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．She paced up and down with extreme anxiety，waiting for the phone to ring.v.踱步 2．The guarantee could be worthless if the firm goes out of business.n.保修单 3．Early in the morning，the whole town was covered in a thick blanket of fog.n.厚的覆盖层 4．Thirty minutes passing by，they were still contesting the outcome of the race.v.争辩 训练１　Vocabulary(A) 分值：47.5分 Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题；每小题1分，共10分) 1．I’m appreciative of you for your gentleness and kindness. 2．We are more than pleased to see some young men with high virtues elected(推选) to the union. 3．It is worthwhile to have a try even if you will be faced with many rejections. 4．We could offer awards to the winning team and the most enthusiastic players. 5．To our great delight，our new products have great appeal for young audiences. 6．He who puts people’s interests into heart is worthy(值得的) of our love and respect. 7．Upset(心烦意乱的) and embarrassed，I stood silently，tears streaming down my cheeks. 8．We regret to inform you of the cruel news that your application has not been successful. 9．With online shopping developing at a fast pace，we can purchase almost whatever we want online. 10．Equipped with a good knowledge of foreign language，I guarantee(保证) I can be an excellent volunteer and serve visitors well. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．I’d like to express my appreciation(appreciate) for everything you’ve done. 2．The old man was delighted(delight) to hear that his son had come back. 3．This is the best-seller that is worthy to be read(read) a second or third time. 4．When we got there，he helped us find a house enthusiastically(enthusiasm)． 5．Our English association guarantees to organize(organize) meaningful activities twice a month. 6．Informed(inform) of some entertaining news，he can’t help cracking a smile. 7．It is worthwhile to contribute(contribute) some money to the Red Cross. 8．She was upset to know(know) that her application for the position was refused. 9．It was considerate of Michael to inform us of/about his delay in case we got worried. 10．It was because of poor management and lack of experience that the employer got into debt. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) Graduation is a significant milestone for everyone.An 89-year-old man called Rene Neira had been trying to finish a degree since the 1950s.However，in the 1960s，he was so passionate about urban and economic development of the south side of San Antonio that he stopped school and got involved with the local government.From that time，one of his life goals was to earn a degree in economics.In 2017，the grandpa and his 19-year-old granddaughter both enrolled(入学) at the University of Texas at San Antonio. “There were times when we would get lunch together，be in the library together，and just work silently side-by-side，” Melanie Salazar，Rene’s granddaughter，recalled.“He always had something to say，especially if his professors had different opinions than him，” Melanie said.“And there were often times when a professor would invite him to talk about the past.” Rene’s college years weren’t easy.“He has worked very hard over time.Especially in recent years，with hearing loss and going through seasons of not having a car，there was a term where he had to take medical leave because he had a stroke，so he couldn’t go back to school that term，” said Melanie. After four years，their hard work finally paid off—they graduated.Together，they stood on the stage.Everyone broke into applause and cheered for this fantastic pair. Their story has been making waves online.People have nothing but good words for them.“Awww...I love stories like this.This was such a beautiful moment.Congratulations to both of them.Grandpa definitely demonstrated that one shouldn’t give up their dream no matter how long it takes，” one wrote.Another wrote，“I’m motivated to go back to school myself，thanks to his example.” Rene had the determination to finish his degree even at an advanced stage in his life.Hard work，patience，and determination are the keys to success，especially when the path is not easy or clear. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位89岁的老人Rene Neira在2017年和他的19岁孙女一起入读得克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校的故事。这个故事告诉我们不论年龄多大，都不能放弃自己的梦想，努力、耐心和决心是成功的关键。 1．Why did Rene fail to get a degree when he was young? A．He was not interested in university life then. B．He devoted himself to city development. C．He needed to work to support his family. D．He was not good at his school work. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，in the 1960s，he was so passionate about urban and economic development of the south side of San Antonio that he stopped school and got involved with the local government.”可知，Rene年轻时没有取得学位是因为他为了参与城市经济建设而放弃了学业。故选B。 2．How was Rene’s college life? A．It made him physically ill. B．It was full of surprise. C．It was smooth and plain. D．It came with challenges. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Especially in recent years，with hearing loss and going through seasons of not having a car，there was a term where he had to take medical leave because he had a stroke，so he couldn’t go back to school that term”可知，Rene最近几年听力下降，又经历了几季没有车的日子，还曾经中风，所以他的大学生活充满艰辛和挑战。故选D。 3．What did people think of Rene’s experience? A．Admirable. B．Doubtful. C．Funny. D．Pitiful. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据第五段中“People have nothing but good words for them.”以及“Grandpa definitely demonstrated that one shouldn’t give up their dream no matter how long it takes”以及“Another wrote，‘I’m motivated to go back to school myself，thanks to his example.’”可知，人们认为Rene的经历令人钦佩和赞叹。故选A。 4．What lesson can we learn from Rene’s story? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．It is never too late to achieve one’s dream. C．Genius without education is like silver in the mine. D．A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据最后一段可知，文章通过Rene的经历阐述了一个道理：不论年龄多大，都不能放弃自己的梦想。故选B。 Ⅳ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) My Future Happiness When I imagine my future，I see myself as an adult who is confident in my abilities，doing a job I love and living my life responsibly.When I grow up，I will be enjoying more convenience brought by the advances in technology，with more time to pursue hobbies and enjoy the company of family and friends. 1 I will feel the happiest in the future because I will learn more about life and develop into the best person I can be. 2 I will also handle more responsibilities and solve problems in a more thoughtful and level-headed manner. Thanks to new technology，my future life is sure to improve in various ways.Homes will become smarter to the extent that they might be programmed to learn about our needs and monitor our health and activity.I can imagine hearing an AI voice remind me to buy groceries or do more exercise! There will also be enormous advancements in transport options.I will be riding in a self-driving car，and other new means of transport may be developed in the future. 3 These advances in technology are certain to make my future life more comfortable and convenient. My development into a mature adult and access to advanced technology will provide me with more free-time opportunities. 4 Working less time means I can do what I most enjoy，such as spending time with family and friends，engaging in fun activities and learning new skills. 5 Thinking this way gives me the motivation to work hard now so that I can have a successful，fulfilling and enjoyable future life. A．The working day will be only four hours long thanks to robots. B．I will become more knowledgeable about the world and myself. C．I might be able to ride a flying bike to quickly meet up with my friends. D．When I think about the future，I realize my happiest days are still ahead of me. E．For these reasons，I look forward to the future as the happiest moment in my life. F．Technological advances will guarantee I’ll be in good health and find true happiness. G．With less work-related stress，I’ll also have more time and energy to do volunteer projects. 1．答案　E 解析　根据上文“When I grow up，I will be enjoying more convenience brought by the advances in technology，with more time to pursue hobbies and enjoy the company of family and friends.”可知，作者想象了未来的幸福生活，对未来的生活充满期待，E项“由于这些原因，我期待未来是我生命中最幸福的时刻”符合语境，故选E。 2．答案　B 解析　结合上文“I will feel the happiest in the future because I will learn more about life and develop into the best person I can be.”及下文“I will also handle more responsibilities and solve problems in a more thoughtful and level-headed manner.”尤其句中的“I will also”可知，空处应和上下文句式一致，以“I will”开头，描述未来自己的样子，B项“我会对世界和自己更加了解”符合语境，故选B。 3．答案　C 解析　根据上文“I will be riding in a self-driving car，and other new means of transport may be developed in the future.”可知，空处应承接上文，描述未来开发出的其他交通工具，C项“我可能会骑着会飞的自行车快速地去和我的朋友们见面”符合语境，故选C。 4．答案　A 解析　根据上文“My development into a mature adult and access to advanced technology will provide me with more free-time opportunities.”以及下文“Working less time means I can do what I most enjoy”可知，此处是描述未来科技的进步可以减少人们的工作时间，A项“由于有了机器人，每天的工作时间将只有4个小时”符合语境，故选A。 5．答案　D 解析　空处位于末段，结合下文“Thinking this way gives me the motivation to work hard now so that I can have a successful，fulfilling and enjoyable future life.”可知，空处应是总结作者对未来的想法，并指明下文“this way”的内容，D项“当我想到未来的时候，我意识到我最幸福的日子还在前面”符合语境，故选D。 训练2　Vocabulary(B) 分值：35分 Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Hard work really does pay off.Scientists find that perseverance leads to better grades and higher achievements in school. “Being passionate is not enough to ensure academic success，”says researchers，who thought of “courage” as a key to success.This is also regarded as effort in reaching long-term goals，and determination to continue one’s efforts in spite of hardships. Researchers think that the finding could help create new training to help children develop the skill and help ensure their future success. Researchers from the Academy of Finland studied more than 2,000 students from Helsinki.They were followed through their academic career from 12 to 16，the sixth grade until the ninth grade in local school years.Researchers found that the factor that best predicts courage was related to goals，with previous academic achievements playing no role in developing the skill. Professor Katariina Salmela-Aro，who led the study，said，“Courage means a young person is really interested in his or her studies and does not give up easily.A key element of courage is high perseverance when facing difficulties and hardships.The important finding is that these factors are the key to success and well-being.Our study shows the power of courage.” Professor Salmela-Aro also thinks it is important to develop new practices and qualities to improve courage in teenagers.She added，“Young people should see everyday school work as part of their life in a broader context and establish achievable goals for themselves.Schools must also serve as a place where it is safe to fail and learn to deal with setbacks.One must not be discouraged by setbacks，but draw strength and new energy from them.” 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要向我们描述了科学家们发现，坚持不懈会使学生在学校取得更好的成绩和更高的成就。 1．What can we learn about the research? A．It takes at least three years. B．It helps students make progress. C．It meets many difficulties. D．It follows 2,000 students abroad. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“They were followed through their academic career from 12 to 16，the sixth grade until the ninth grade in local school years.”可知，这项研究至少花了三年时间。故选A。 2．What should students do according to the researchers? A．Focus on former grades. B．Achieve their dreams. C．Try all their best. D．Forget sadness. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Courage means a young person is really interested in his or her studies and does not give up easily.A key element of courage is high perseverance when facing difficulties and hardships.”可知，根据这项研究，学生在面对困难时应该坚韧不拔，因此推断学生应该全力以赴，不要放弃。故选C。 3．What does the underlined word “setbacks” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Strengths. B．Difficulties. C．Weaknesses. D．Efforts. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段中的“Schools must also serve as a place where it is safe to fail and learn to deal with setbacks.One must not be discouraged by setbacks，but draw strength and new energy from them.”可推断，setbacks是必须面对的且与失败并列的，从setbacks中能够汲取力量和活力，由此可知此处setbacks的意思为“挫折，困难”，与difficulties含义相同。故选B。 4．Which is the text probably taken from? A．A picture book. B．A literature book. C．A geography textbook. D．An educational magazine. 答案　D 解析　文章出处题。文章主要描述了科学家们发现，坚持不懈会使学生在学校取得更好的成绩和更高的成就，因此推断文章可能来自教育杂志。故选D。 B You’re passed over for a job.Your back aches.Faced with difficulties large and small，you wonder if you’re an unlucky person.We turned to experts to understand why we believe in luck and how we can have that belief to make changes in our attitude towards life. Richard Wiseman，a psychology professor，doesn’t believe there’s anything magical about luck—it won’t help you or hurt you.“On the other hand，considering yourself lucky or unlucky is a way of seeing yourself，which has an impact on how you behave and how you think，and becomes a self-fulfilling anticipation，” he says.“So，in a sense，it absolutely does exist.” The sociology lecturer Vik Loveday interviewed academic employees who were on temporary contracts，an uncertain situation that caused anxiety.In general，when one of these academics learned about good news concerning their careers，such as getting a permanent job，they would attribute it to luck.Because they felt they had so little control，and a move in a positive direction happened almost by accident，rather than as the result of hard work. In a 2021 study，Professor Woolley has looked at this idea in children and adulthood.For example，basketball player Michael Jordan would wear his college practice shorts under his National Basketball Association uniform for good luck.“Obviously，it’s the superstitious(迷信的) custom that gives him confidence and then he plays better，” Woolley says. Is it possible to change your attitude towards luck to get better outcomes? Wiseman believes some steps can improve your luck.He has found “lucky people not only maximize opportunities and know where they’re heading，but often they change course depending on how the wind is going”．Lucky people can also transform bad experiences into good.Specifically，you can shift your focus towards the positive by keeping a “luck diary”．Also don’t be a creature of habit.Watch a different TV program，speak to different people—even small shifts can be effective. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕三位专家有关“幸运”的研究，论述我们为什么会相信运气以及我们如何凭借这种信念改变我们对生活的态度。 5．What does Wiseman say about luck in paragraph 2? A．It might be wise to try one’s luck. B．Luck is a magical force to control us. C．The belief in luck influences our behavior. D．People’s well-being is determined by luck. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘On the other hand，considering yourself lucky or unlucky is a way of seeing yourself，which has an impact on how you behave and how you think，and becomes a self-fulfilling anticipation，’ he says.”可知，关于运气的信念会影响我们的行为。故选C。 6．What is the example of Jordan’s lucky shorts used for? A．Confirming Loveday’s study. B．Showing luck exists in real life. C．Disapproving Woolley’s research. D．Comparing different lucks in sports. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容和第四段中的“For example，basketball player Michael Jordan...‘Obviously...then he plays better，’ Woolley says.”可推知，作者提及乔丹的幸运短裤的例子是为了表明人们关于运气的信念可以改变人们的行为和态度，从而实现好的结果，展示好运在现实生活中是存在的。故选B。 7．How can we improve our luck according to the last paragraph? A．By getting into a routine. B．By sticking to a goal firmly. C．By setting down terrible things. D．By making changes flexibly. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He has found ‘lucky people not only maximize opportunities and know where they’re heading，but often they change course depending on how the wind is going’．”可知，灵活改变会收获更多的好运。故选D。 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Less Anxiety，More Luck B．Good or Bad Luck? Up to You C．One Can Stay Lucky Through Life D．Genius—The Mother of Good Luck 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文并根据第一段最后一句以及最后一段前两句可知，文章主要讲述了我们为什么会相信运气以及我们如何提升自己的运气。由此可知，B项“运气好不好？这取决于你”适合作为文章标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) In most countries，turning 18 1. (mark) the start of adulthood.But what does reaching the age of maturity really mean? Does it mean that you will be 2. (complete) in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and 3. (excite) ways? What new responsibilities will you have to take 4. ？ Here，three young people tell us what turning 18 means，or meant，to them. Bethany,16，comes from Victoria，Australia.She won’t have the right to vote in the next general 5. (elect)，because she won’t be old enough.She has been taking driving lessons but she isn’t allowed to take her driving test 6. she is 18. Lin Ning,19，is from Shanghai，China.At 18，although he could do things like 7._________(get) a credit card and acting on his desire to help others，there were still rules 8.__________(obey) and lessons to attend. Morgan,20，is from Florida，the US.He thought once he turned 18 and got 9.__________ good job he would rent an apartment，but his salary was not high enough.The reality for him has been very different.10. is hard for him to save money because of the household bills and high commute costs. 1．答案　marks 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为句子的谓语，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时。故填marks。 2．答案　completely 解析　考查副词。所填词修饰句子的谓语，所以用副词作状语。故填completely。 3．答案　exciting 解析　考查形容词。空处应填形容词表示“令人兴奋的”，修饰ways。故填exciting。 4．答案　on 解析　考查介词。take on为固定动词短语，意为“承担”。故填on。 5．答案　election 解析　考查名词。general election 意为“大选，普选”。故填election。 6．答案　until 解析　考查连词。not...until...为固定句型，意为“直到……才……”。until引导时间状语从句。故填until。 7．答案　getting 解析　考查非谓语动词。介词like后接动名词作宾语，且此处表示主动关系。故填getting。 8．答案　to obey 解析　考查非谓语动词。结合后面的to attend可知，此处用to obey 作名词rules的后置定语。故填to obey。 9．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。job在此意为“工作”，为可数名词单数，且此处表示泛指，而good的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．答案　It 解析　考查代词。此处为固定句型“It is＋adj.＋for sb＋to do sth”，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to save money。句子首字母大写。故填It。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $