Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（外研版）

本讲义聚焦阅读理解能力培养这一核心，通过“速读—整体理解文意”“细读—深度获取细节”“读后—语法巩固应用”三步学习支架，系统梳理语篇主旨把握、细节信息提取、语法结构分析（如动名词作主语、“keep+宾补”等）及重点词块积累的脉络，形成从语篇理解到语言应用的完整学习链。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养：分步骤阅读训练提升学生对语篇结构的分析与逻辑梳理能力，语法填空与词块默写强化语言表达的准确性与规范性，多样化训练题（应用文写作、阅读理解、完形填空等）则促进学生在真实语境中运用策略解决问题，发展主动学习能力。课中助力教师实施分层教学，课后学生可通过词块默写、语法回顾及练习巩固，有效弥补知识盲点，提升综合语言运用能力。

Section Ⅲ　Understanding ideas Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．Why a clown doctor is so funny. B．A little girl whose ankle was injured. C．What a clown doctor does in the hospital. D．A clown doctor isn’t satisfied with his job. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What do you know about the author’s job according to paragraph 1? A．He is a traditional doctor. B．He works as a clown in a circus. C．He works to ease people’s tension. D．He works in hospitals to bring people joy and laughter. 答案　D 2．What does the author do when the doctor examines Lara’s ankle? A．He helps Lara find her sock. B．He attracts her attention by doing a magic trick. C．He assists the doctor to examine her ankle. D．He says something to comfort her parents. 答案　B 3．Why did the author choose to be a clown doctor? A．He was trained for this career. B．He liked the white coat and red nose. C．Because of his own childhood experience. D．Laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better. 答案　C 4．How do clown doctors cheer up patients? A．They do magic tricks，sing songs，tell stories and silly jokes. B．They show videos to the patients to entertain them. C．They work together with the hospital staff to dance for the patients. D．They make faces to please the patients. 答案　A 5．Which of the following can we use to describe Larry? A．Kind and wise. B．Brave and careful. C．Positive and intelligent. D．Humorous and caring. 答案　D Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 I walk through the doors into the waiting area,1.where anxious parents do what they can to comfort nervous and crying children.I spot that a small girl called Lara is spending her time 2.crying(cry) in pain，whose ankle is twice its normal size as she fell off her bicycle.Although the doctors and nurses will treat her injury，it’s my job 3.to make(make) her feel better. Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which means clown doctors can be 4.helpful(help)．We entertain the children by doing magic tricks，singing songs，telling stories 5.and silly jokes.We have to be very sensitive and work 6.closely(close) with the doctors and nurses.While the doctor concentrates 7.on examining Lara’s ankle，I get her attention by doing a magic trick.Although she is clearly still in some pain，her scared and anxious look 8.has been replaced(replace)—first by a small smile，and then by loud laughter. I hope that clown doctors help make the hospital 9.a friendlier place to visit.After all，it really is true that “laughter is the 10.best(good) medicine”． Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat，I look just like any other doctor.(P2 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中As引导的从句是时间状语从句；wearing my white coat是现在分词短语作伴随状语；look like意为“看起来像”。 汉语翻译：当我穿着白大褂走向医院的时候，我看起来跟其他医生一样。 2．I walk through the doors into the waiting area，where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom(bore) and tension.(P2 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中where引导的是非限制性定语从句，其先行词是the waiting area。 汉语翻译：我穿过一道道门进入候诊区，这里充斥着常见的厌烦和紧张情绪。 3．People sit uncomfortably(comfortably) on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines，all of which have been read(read) hundreds of times previously.(P2 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中looking through old magazines是现在分词短语作伴随状语；“all of which...previously”是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词old magazines。 汉语翻译：人们别扭地坐在塑料椅子上，翻阅着那些先前已经被读过数百次的旧杂志。 4．In the middle of this particular scene I spot(注意到) a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size.(P2 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中whose引导定语从句，其先行词是a small girl；twice its normal size是倍数表达。 汉语翻译：就在这样的场景里，我注意到一个小女孩，她的脚踝肿成了原来的两倍。 5．I speak with the on-duty nurse，who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell(fall) off her bicycle.(P2 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中who引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是the on-duty nurse；on-duty意为“当班的，值班的”；that引导宾语从句，作tells的宾语。rush sb to...意为“把某人匆忙送往……”。 汉语翻译：我和当班护士交谈时她告诉我，劳拉从自行车上摔下来以后，她的父母匆忙把她送到医院。 6．Although it’s the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury，it’s my job to make(make) her feel better.(P2 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中Although引导让步状语从句；“it’s the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury”是强调句式，强调了主语the doctors and nurses；主句中的it是形式主语。 汉语翻译：尽管为她治疗伤痛的是医生和护士，让她的心情变好却是我的工作。 7．We are specially trained(train) clowns who work as part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”．(P3 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中who引导定语从句，先行词是clowns；known as...是过去分词作后置定语，修饰a programme。 汉语翻译：我们是受过专门培训的小丑，是“医院小丑”项目的成员。 8．Visiting hospitals and other health care facilities，we clown doctors work together with medical professionals.(P3 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为简单句，其中Visiting...facilities是现在分词短语作状语，表明visit与主句主语we之间是主动关系；we clown doctors中的clown doctors是主语we的同位语。 汉语翻译：作为小丑医生，我们要走访医院和其他的医疗保健机构，和专业医护人员共同工作。 9．And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do(do) the trick.(P4 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为简单句，其中does indeed seem 是“助动词＋do/does/did”结构，强调谓语动词。 汉语翻译：而我的灵药似乎确实取得了成效。 10．Well，when I take off my wig and my red nose，I’m still wearing a big smile(笑容满面)，as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day.(P4 Para.6) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中when引导时间状语从句，主句中又包含as引导的原因状语从句。 汉语翻译：当我摘下假发和红鼻子的时候，我仍然笑容满面，因为我记得这天所有的乐趣和欢笑。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 动名词作主语 Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them.(P3 Para.3) 作为一名小丑医生意味着我可以用逗乐人们的方式帮助他们。 Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn made Lara’s parents more relaxed.(P4 Para.5) 看到女儿破涕为笑，劳拉的父母也松了口气。 结构分析：这两句中的Being a clown doctor和Seeing their daughter so much happier为动名词短语在句子中作主语。第一个句子是复合句，I can...them是省略了that的宾语从句；第二个句子为简单句，句中的in turn意为“转而”，made Lara’s parents more relaxed是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。 • 动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 • 单个的动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词常常使用第三人称单数形式。 • 动名词短语作主语可以用it作形式主语，常见句型有： It is no use/no good/no fun/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/浪费时间。 It is useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没有用的/是值得的。 (1)错过这班车意味着还要在伦敦等半个小时。 Missing the bus means waiting for another half an hour in London. (2)沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。 Travelling along the old Silk Road is an entertaining and rewarding experience. (3)我认为，电视看太多是浪费时间。 ①As far as I am concerned，watching too much TV is a waste of time. ②As far as I am concerned，it’s a waste of time watching too much TV. (4)正如谚语所说：“覆水难收。” Just as the saying goes，“It’s no use crying over spilt milk.” keep＋宾语＋宾补 We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses，who keep us updated on each patient.(P4 Para.4) 我们必须非常善解人意，并且与医护人员密切合作，他们会为我们提供每个病人的最新情况。 结构分析：本句中的keep us updated是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构；update与宾语us之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。 “keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构常见的形式有： • keep＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语/名词 • keep＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或状态的持续)/过去分词(表示被动) (1)这个女人总是尽力让她的房子保持整洁。 The woman always tries her best to keep her house tidy. (2)她一贯让别人等很长时间。 It is typical of her to keep others waiting for a long time. (3)我们最好让经理知道这里正在发生的事情。 We’d better keep the manager informed of what’s happening here. 课文重点词块默写 1．看起来像look like 2．浏览；快速查看look through 3．值班的护士the on-duty nurse 4．把某人快速送往…… rush sb to 5．从自行车上摔下来fall off the bicycle 6．痛苦地哭泣cry in pain 7．做得很好do a great job 8．为……设计；打算给……用的be designed for 9．很，非常more than a little 10．医疗保健机构health care facilities 11．(使)高兴起来；(使)振作起来cheer up 12．通常，往往；一贯more often than not 13．变魔术do magic tricks 14．想要做某事feel like doing sth 15．与……密切合作work closely with 16．给某人提供关于某事的最新消息keep sb updated on sth 17．奏效，达到预期效果do the trick 18．专心于…… concentrate on 19．用……替换…… replace...by... 20．至于；关于as for 21．摘掉；脱下take off 22．笑容满面wear a big smile 23．毕竟after all 训练3　Understanding ideas(A) 分值：40分 Ⅰ.单句写作(应用文写作之人物介绍)(共15分) 1．我的叔叔是一名小丑医生，他每周都会走访医院和其他医疗保健机构。(who引导定语从句) My uncle works as a clown doctor who visits hospitals and other health care facilities on a weekly basis. 2．他们的主要职责是逗乐年轻患者，让他们的家人和医护人员高兴起来。(动名词作主语；entertain；cheer up) Entertaining young patients and cheering up their families as well as the medical staff are their main responsibilities. 3．他们努力工作来缓解病人的紧张情绪，让他们保持积极和愉快。(keep＋宾语＋宾补) They work hard to ease the patients’ tension and keep them positive and delighted. 4．正是他们的辛勤工作和努力使医院成为一个更快乐的地方。(强调句型；make＋宾语＋宾补) It is their hard work and efforts that make hospitals a happier place. 5．他们和那些专业医生一样，的确值得我们尊敬和钦佩。(“助动词＋动词原形”强调谓语动词) They，just as those professional doctors，do deserve our respect and admiration. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 My uncle works as a clown doctor who visits hospitals and other health care facilities on a weekly basis.Entertaining young patients and cheering up their families as well as the medical staff are their main responsibilities.They work hard to ease the patients’ tension and keep them positive and delighted. It is their hard work and efforts that make hospitals a happier place.As far as I am concerned，they，just as those professional doctors，do deserve our respect and admiration. Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分) The old saying that “Laughter is the best medicine” may contain an element of truth when it comes to heart health.A research has demonstrated that laughing causes the tissue inside the heart to expand and increases oxygen flow around the body. “Our study found that laughter treatment increased the functional capacity of the cardiovascular(心血管的) system，and patients with heart disease who engaged in a course of laughter treatment had reduced inflammation(炎症) and had better health，” said the lead author，Prof.Marco Saffi，of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre in Brazil. In the trial，scientists carried out a first-of-its-kind study to examine if laughter treatment could improve symptoms of patients with heart disease.It involved 26 adults with an average age of 64，all diagnosed with the heart disease caused by plaque(斑块) build-up in the walls of the arteries(动脉) that supply blood to the heart.Over three months，half were asked to watch two different hour-long comedy programmes each week，including funny popular sitcoms.The other half watched two different serious documentaries about heavy topics such as politics or the Amazon rainforest. At the end of the 12-week study period，the comedy group improved by 10% in a test measuring how much oxygen their heart could pump around the body.The group also improved in a second measure that tested how well arteries can expand.They also had a blood test to measure several inflammatory markers，which indicate how much plaque has built up in the blood vessels and whether people are at risk of heart attack or stroke.The results showed that their inflammatory markers had significantly reduced compared with the documentary group. “When patients with heart disease arrive at hospital，they usually have a lot of inflammatory markers，” said Saffi.“It’s really good news that laughter treatment is a good intervention that could help reduce inflammation and decrease the risk of heart attack and stroke.” 1．How does laughter help patients with heart disease? A．It makes the tissue inside the heart become larger. B．It lowers the oxygen flow around the patients’ body. C．It reduces the function of the cardiovascular system. D．It increases inflammation and results in better health. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据首段中的“A research has demonstrated that laughing causes the tissue inside the heart to expand and increases oxygen flow around the body.”可知，研究发现，笑能使心脏内部的组织扩张，即笑可以使病人心脏内部的组织变大。故选A。 2．What can we infer from the research? A．The research participants were all old man above 60. B．The documentary group worried about the Amazon rainforest. C．The comedy group must have laughed while watching sitcoms. D．The comedy group had more inflammatory markers than the documentary group. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据首段中的“A research has demonstrated that laughing causes the tissue inside the heart to expand and increases oxygen flow around the body.”可知，研究发现，笑能使心脏内部的组织扩张，增加全身的氧气流动，并结合第四段中的“At the end of the 12-week study period，the comedy group improved by 10% in a test measuring how much oxygen their heart could pump around the body.”可知，在实验结束时喜剧组实验对象的心脏向全身泵送的氧气量增加，由此可推断，喜剧组实验对象观看搞笑情景剧时笑了。故选C。 3．How many tests did the participants have at the end of the research? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段前三句可知，在实验结束后，他们接受了心脏给全身泵送氧气量的检测、动脉扩张程度的检测以及血液检测，由此可知，他们接受了 3 个检测。故选B。 4．What’s the best title of this article? A．Laughter Treatment—A Powerful Weapon to Cure Heart Disease B．Laughter Treatment—An Effective Method to Defeat Heart Disease C．Laughter Treatment—A Helpful Way to Lower the Risk of Heart Disease D．Laughter Treatment—A Perfect Therapy to Save Lives from Heart Disease 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。 根据首段第二句话和第二段可知，研究发现笑能使心脏内部的组织扩张，增加身体的氧气流动，并根据尾段中的最后一句且结合文中介绍的笑在降低心脏病风险方面的影响的实验可知，本文主要讲的是笑在降低心脏病风险方面有很大的作用。故选C。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) Dogs are our friends.Taking your dog to work with you can be great for 1 . That was what Steyaert，who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market learned after 2 her dog Nelson there. At first，she did so just to prevent him from being 3 during the day. She put a blanket in front of her stand so that Nelson could sit there 4 and take in everything around him. Soon Steyaert realized that Nelson’s presence would 5 shoppers walking by. “He lifts his paw to greet people，” Steyaert said. “He knows how to steal their 6 .And people’s behaviour made me 7 . I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.” The 8 Nelson gets from strangers passing by varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love. Many people have 9 him over the years. Steyaert，in turn，has gained more 10 within her community. “It happens often that people 11 me through Nelson，” Steyaert said. Besides interesting many shoppers，Nelson has also 12 some people. For example，one day a girl asked Steyaert if she could pet Nelson. She told Steyaert her dog had just passed away and that it was 13 to see and pet Nelson. That encouraged Steyaert to 14 her influential act of taking Nelson to her workplace. While Nelson’s presence in the market 15 Steyaert’s sales，it’s their relationship that benefits much more from it. “He’s my best friend and always at my side，” Steyaert said. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。几年来，在露天市场卖女装的斯泰耶特都带着她的狗狗纳尔逊去上班，纳尔逊吸引了很多路人的注意，给斯泰耶特带来了很多生意，也跟很多人成为朋友，甚至治愈了他们，更重要的是，这让斯泰耶特和纳尔逊的关系受益良多。 1．A.health B．business C．education D．exercise 答案　B 解析　business生意；education教育；exercise锻炼。根据后文“who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market”可知，此处是指带狗上班对生意会很有好处。故选B。 2．A.training B．losing C．bringing D．buying 答案　C 解析　train训练；lose失去；bring带来；buy购买。根据前文“Taking your dog to work with you”可知，此处是指带着狗去市场之后。故选C。 3．A.alone B．dirty C．lazy D．impolite 答案　A 解析　alone孤独的；lazy懒惰的；impolite不礼貌的。根据“during the day”和“prevent him from being”可知，此处是指防止它在白天孤单。故选A。 4．A.quietly B．freely C．curiously D．comfortably 答案　D 解析　quietly安静地；freely自由地；curiously好奇地；comfortably舒适地。根据“She put a blanket in front of her stand”可知，此处是指纳尔逊可以舒服地坐在那里。故选D。 5．A.terrify B．attract C．rescue D．annoy 答案　B 解析　terrify使惊吓；attract吸引；rescue拯救；annoy使恼怒。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊的出现会吸引路过的顾客。故选B。 6．A.hearts B．customers C．seats D．dreams 答案　A 解析　customer顾客；seat座位。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊知道如何偷走他们的心。故选A。 7．A.anxious B．disappointed C．hopeless D．surprised 答案　D 解析　anxious焦虑的；disappointed失望的；hopeless绝望的；surprised惊讶的。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特感到惊讶。故选D。 8．A.skill B．encouragement C．attention D．knowledge 答案　C 解析　skill技巧；encouragement鼓励；attention关注；knowledge知识。根据“varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指路过的陌生人对纳尔逊的关注度各不相同。故选C。 9．A.befriended B．chosen C．forgotten D．raised 答案　A 解析　befriend成为……的朋友；choose选择；forget忘记；raise抚养。根据前文“from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指许多人都和它成为朋友。故选A。 10．A.income B．power C．trust D．fame 答案　D 解析　income收入；power力量；trust信任；fame名气。根据后文“It happens often that people me through Nelson”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特在她的社区里获得了更多的名气。故选D。 11．A.guide B．recognize C．contact D．praise 答案　B 解析　guide指导；recognize认识，认出；contact联络；praise表扬。根据“through Nelson”可知，此处是指人们通过狗狗纳尔逊认识主人斯泰耶特。故选B。 12．A.healed B．followed C．partnered D．admired 答案　A 解析　heal治愈；follow跟随；partner成为搭档；admire钦佩。根据后文“She told Steyaert that her dog had just passed away...to her workplace.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊治愈了一些人。故选A。 13．A.interesting B．difficult C．heartwarming D．discouraging 答案　C 解析　interesting有趣的；difficult困难的；heartwarming暖心的；discouraging令人沮丧的。根据“to see and pet Nelson”可知，此处是指看到并抚摸纳尔逊是一件很温暖的事。故选C。 14．A.change B．continue C．reconsider D．record 答案　B 解析　continue继续；reconsider重新考虑；record记录。根据“That encouraged Steyaert”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特继续她的有影响力的行为。故选B。 15．A.cuts down B．subscribes to C．tracks down D．contributes to 答案　D 解析　cut down减少；subscribe to赞成，订阅；track down追踪，查找；contribute to有助于，促成。根据前文可知，纳尔逊的出现吸引了很多顾客，有助于斯泰耶特的销售。故选D。 训练4　Understanding ideas(B) 分值：32.5分 Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A I fell in love with music from a young age and often sat down making a few songs of my own.What would life be like, I wondered, without a beautiful song? In 1992, I made two love songs to my darling wife and watched tears run down her face as I sang.“Sam，” she said earnestly, “Your songs should be heard by more people.” She got my ballads and started bothering various media people about me, her singing barber husband.Two radio stations took an interest and played the songs.After the programme was aired, I became known in our community as the Singing Barber. The biggest surprise, however, was still to come.I received a call from a music promoter who offered me a long-term recording contract.He explained that he would be investing a lot of money to market my songs.I needed to be wholly focused on selling my records all over Australia. But I hesitated. My friends all told me to go for it.And Mary also thought I should do.“Go, Sam.I’ll manage with the family...it’ll be OK.” I watched my daughter and son playing in the backyard.Soon they would both be in high school and where would I be? I was so used to my family turning to me for love and support.If I were to start a singing career, I would not only miss them terribly, but I’d also certainly miss out on watching them grow up.Signing this contract would put a huge gap between my family and me and I couldn’t bear it.My family was my life.So I refused the music promoter’s offer.I’m still making music.I’m rich in love and I have no regrets. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者热爱音乐并得到了一个可以开展自己音乐生涯的机会，但为了家庭，作者放弃了这个机会，因为在他看来，家庭更重要。 1．When the author was offered the contract, most of his friends . A．envied him B．laughed at him C．encouraged him D．didn’t believe him 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“My friends all told me to go for it.”可知，当作者收到合同时，他的朋友们都让他去试一试，这是对他的鼓励。故选C项。 2．Why did the author give up the contract? A．Because his wife was strongly against it. B．Because the pay was not attractive enough. C．Because he wanted to care about his two kids. D．Because he didn’t want his family life damaged. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“I was so used to my family ...”可知，作者习惯了自己的家庭生活，如果接受合同，那意味着和家人分离，无法看着孩子成长，会损害他的家庭生活。因此，作者放弃合同是因为他不想他的家庭生活受到损害。故选D项。 3．According to the passage，what can we infer? A．The author used to be a country singer. B．The author preferred his present life. C．The author went on the road to fame. D．The author regretted giving up his contract. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Signing this contract would put a huge gap between my family and me and I couldn’t bear it.My family was my life.So I refused the music promoter’s offer.”可知，作者为了家庭放弃了音乐合同，但他没有遗憾，他喜欢现在的生活，因为他拥有家人的爱。故选B项。 4．What does the author mainly intend to tell us? A．One should know himself. B．Interest is the best teacher. C．Family should come first. D．Every dog has its day. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。通读全文，结合最后一段关键句“Signing this contract...music promoter’s offer.”可知，文章主要讲述了作者热爱音乐并得到了一个可以开展自己音乐生涯的机会，但为了家庭，作者放弃了这个机会，因为在他看来，家庭更重要。故选C项。 B Keeping the Spirits Up NASA has a new job listing，and it’s no joke.The US space agency(机构) is looking for a “joker” to join their planned mission(任务) to Mars. A mission to Mars is no laughing matter.On average，the red planet is 140 million miles(225 million kilometers) away from Earth.A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft.And Mars has a communications delay(延迟) of 20 minutes.This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply，when an emergency happens. “When you’re living with others in a confined space for a long period of time，such as on a mission to Mars，problems are likely to occur，” Jeffrey Johnson，a scientist at the University of Florida，told The Guardian. This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor.“These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together，” Johnson said. In stressful situations，perhaps humor is a way to know we aren’t alone.By laughing together，we share our stress.Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying. There are other examples of team “clowns”．One example is the journey to the South Pole(南极) led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.It was a difficult journey，full of danger.Adolf Lindstrom，a cook at Amundsen’s team，was a “clown”．He made people laugh through the whole journey.Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team. But if you’re hoping that your favorite TV comedian(喜剧演员) will fly to Mars，that probably won’t happen. “Being funny won’t be enough to land somebody the job，” Johnson said.“They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.” Besides，they must be in top physical condition. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国宇航局正在寻找一位“爱说笑话的人”与宇航员一起执行火星任务，这个人不但要有幽默感，还要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师。 5．What is NASA’s new job listing? A．A funny engineer. B．A talented clown. C．A good cook. D．A popular comedian. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The US space agency(机构) is looking for a ‘joker’ to join their planned mission(任务) to Mars.”可知，美国宇航局正在寻找一名“爱说笑话的人”加入他们计划中的火星任务，再根据最后一段中的“‘Being funny won’t be enough to land somebody the job，’ Johnson said.‘They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.’”可知，这个“爱说笑话的人”不但要风趣，还需要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师，也就是说他们在寻找一位风趣的工程师。故选A。 6．What does “a confined space” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．A crowded space. B．An empty space. C．An open space. D．A small space. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“such as on a mission to Mars”可知，在执行火星任务时，几个宇航员要在航天器里生活很多天，而航天器里的空间是非常狭小的，由此可知画线部分指的是“狭小的空间”。故选D。 7．How does the author think humor can help astronauts? A．It can stop them from feeling worried. B．It can encourage teamwork on a mission. C．It can help them feel less homesick. D．It can help them know themselves better. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor.‘These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together，’ Johnson said.”可知，幽默可以在任务中鼓励团队合作。故选B。 8．What point does the author want to make with the example of the cook? A．What explorers eat on their journey is very important. B．An amateur can play a more important role than a professional. C．Humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations. D．A mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，在压力大的情况下，幽默是一种减压的方式，第六段第一句话说有很多团队“小丑”的例子，紧接着举厨师的例子就是为了证明这一点，即：幽默的人能使人在困难的情况中振作起来。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Speaking with people who are suffering is difficult. 1 Sometimes it’s just difficult to know what to say.Words fail us.Here are some tips for talking about illness with loved ones. 2 Visit them，or if that’s not possible，just call them.Don’t worry if you weren’t there in their exact hour of need.It’s important to let them know you’ve been thinking of them and that you regret the delay. Ask specific open questions.Your friend will no doubt have a routine response to “How are you feeling？” So steer away from routine politeness by asking specific open questions，such as “So much has happened since we last spoke，and please tell me what’s been going on with you.” 3 Don’t argue with them.You may indeed believe that drinking herb tea is a cure-all，or a friend of your friend might well have benefited from a dietary change. 4 Your friend is likely exhausted and sensitive，so there is no need to contradict their lived experience.Let them lead the conversation about their health，which is a small concession that you should make. Know how to assist them.If you’ve given them enough room to talk，you should have a wealth of information about how to help them. 5 Do they like being in the garden? Maybe you’ve been cutting your own lawn and could bring the mower round before you put it away. A．Reach out to your unwell loved one. B．Approach the situation in a gentle manner. C．But remember where you are and why you are there. D．People in pain can often be bad-tempered，distant or greatly in need. E．Your sick friend or relative is literally an expert in what it’s like to live with sickness. F．Specific information such as diagnoses and symptoms is what they are willing to share. G．Make suggestions to your friends based on your close listening and knowledge of their history. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。作者在文中介绍了一些关于如何与所爱的亲人朋友谈论疾病的建议。 1．答案　D 解析　上文提到与正在受苦的人交谈是个难题；D选项承接上文，阐述了与正遭受痛苦的人交谈很难的原因，选项中的“People in pain”与上文“people who are suffering”表达的内容一致。故选D。 2．答案　A 解析　由文章结构分析可知，设空处为此段的主旨句，结合第三、四、五段的段首句可知，设空处应为祈使句；下文建议主动伸出援手，联系你身体不适的亲人或朋友，让他们知道你在惦记着他们。A选项符合本段主旨。故选A。 3．答案　F 解析　由主旨句“Ask specific open questions.”以及空前一句可知，本段建议问一些具体的开放性的问题；F选项举例说明哪些具体信息是身体不适的人愿意交流的，选项中的“Specific information”与上文以及主旨句中的“specific open questions”相对应。故选F。 4．答案　C 解析　由主旨句“Don’t argue with them.”可知，此段建议不要和身体不适的人争论；上文说明你可能会有自己的观点；C选项承接上文，说明即使你有自己的观点，但是要记住你是在和病人交谈，不要反驳他们；下文阐述了不要与生病的人争论的原因。故选C。 5．答案　G 解析　空前说明在交谈中要知道如何去帮助对方；G选项阐述了如何帮助；下文给出了具体实例。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $