Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Understanding ideas（课件PPT）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（外研版）

该高中英语课件围绕达尔文的贝格尔号航行及其进化论展开，通过速读整体理解文意、细读深度获取细节、读后语法填空的步骤，搭建从整体感知到细节分析再到语言应用的学习支架，帮助学生连贯掌握课文核心内容。 其亮点在于结合长句难句分析（如强调句、定语从句结构拆解）提升语言能力，通过推理判断问题（如物种进化原因探究）培养思维品质，词块默写强化学习能力。采用任务型阅读与语法结构分析法，学生能深化语言理解与应用，教师可高效开展分层教学。

Section Ⅲ Understanding ideas Revealing nature Unit5 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A.Darwin’s interest in various things made him a great naturalist. B.Darwin’s journey on the Beagle inspired his theory of evolution. C.Why Darwin was chosen to go on a journey with the captain of the Beagle. D.Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 A Journey of Discov- ery Before the journey • Darwin left 1. school without completing his degree. • His father predicted he would be a 2. to himself andall his family. During the journey • He left England 3. the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. • He collected many plants and animals as 4._______ in South America. • He put forward an idea that many animals 5. as they adapted to their changing envir- onments. • He found more evidence and produced a new idea—a theory of 6. . medical disgrace on samples evolved evolution A Journey of Discov- ery After the journey On the Origin of Species 7. in 1859 and is regarded as one of the most 8. ____________ works by people today. was published important Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.What can we learn about Charles Darwin from the passage? A.Charles Darwin was not an excellent graduate from the medical school. B.Charles Darwin was well received by the captain. C.All his achievements began with the journey on the Beagle. D.Charles Darwin explained his theory immediately he came back. √ 2.Why was Darwin’s room on the ship crowded with samples of plants and animals? A.He was interested in them. B.He would send them to his friends as gifts. C.He would study their influences on the environment. D.The captain ordered him to do so. √ 3.Why did Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species cause a storm? A.Because Darwin’s father considered it a failure. B.Because the book referred to something about humans. C.Because people used to believe that all species had happened on Earth at the same time. D.Because Darwin’s theory was short of evidence. √ 4.According to Darwin，how did new species of plants and animals come to exist? A.They suddenly appeared on Earth at the same time. B.They evolved from earlier ancestors. C.New species would appear when old species died out. D.All the animals evolved from the finches. √ 5.Which words can be used to describe Charles Darwin? A.Brave and dedicated. B.Diligent and humorous. C.Devoted and warm-hearted. D.Modest and responsible. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist,1. (fascinate) by rocks，plants and animals.He left England on the ship，the Beagle，in 1831.The journey gave him the chance 2. (study) various living things in their natural environments.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 3. each other. At that time，people believed that all species 4. (appear) on Earth at the same time，and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently. fascinated to study to had appeared When the ship reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，it 5. (be) the birds that interested him the most.He suspected that the different finches had evolved from a common ancestor，6. had arrived on the islands a long time before. It was a 7. (complete) new idea—a theory of evolution.Darwin explained this theory in his book，On the Origin of Species.Many people refused to believe that living things,8.____________(include) humans，had evolved from lower forms of life.But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing 9. more and more people started to believe his theory. was which completely including that Today，the book is regarded as one of the most important works ever 10. (write). written 返 回 难句分析 长句 15 1.The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little ________ (know)”.(P66 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为 句，who引导 从句，在句中作 ；主句的主语是 ；the Beagle是the ship的 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 known 定语 贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。 主从复合 主语 The captain of the ship 同位语 2.It was a young man who had left medical school without _____________ (complete) his degree.(P66 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为 句，who引导 从句，在句中作 ，修饰 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 这个年轻人从医学院肄业。 completing 主从复合 定语 主语 a young man 3.What’s more，he had recently received a letter his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace yourself and all your family”.(P66 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为 句，predicting that...是现在分词短语作____ 修饰a letter；that引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 并且在他刚收到的家书中，父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。 from to 主从复合 后置 定语 宾语 4.The young man question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals.(P67 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为 句；fascinated by rocks，plants and animals是过去分词短语作 ，修饰 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。 in 简单 后置定语 a geologist and naturalist 5.After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded samples of the plants and animals he had collected.(P67 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为 句，After引导 从句；主句中的he had collected是 从句，省略了作宾语的引导词 ，其先行词是 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。 with 主从复合 时间状语 定语 that/which samples of the plants and animals 6. that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，and had not changed since.(P67 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为 句，that引导 从句；从句中含有两个并列的谓语动词，分别是 和 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。 At 主从复合 宾语 had appeared had not changed 7.When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands 1835，Darwin saw (各种各样的) new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most.(P67 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是but连接的 句；but前的句中含有When引导的 从句；but后的分句中含有 句型，强调了主语 ，其结构为 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛的时候，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。 in a variety of 并列复合 时间状语 强调 the birds it is/was...that... 8.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available that particular island.(P67 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是 句；seemed后是一个省略了that的 从句；该从句中又包含了what引导的 从句，作according to的 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。 on 主从复合 主语 宾语 宾语 9.Darwin suspected that the finches (evolve) from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands long time before.(P68 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是 句；that引导 从句，作 的宾语；which引导 从句，其先行词是 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来，它们的祖先很久以前就来到了这个群岛。 had evolved a 主从复合 宾语 suspected 非限制性定语 a common ancestor 10.But Darwin’s scientific studies were so (convince) that more and more people started to believe his theory.(P68 Para.6) 结构分析：此句是 句；so...that...引导 从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 然而，达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 convincing 主从复合 结果状语 11.Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded one of the most important works ever written.(P68 Para.7) 结构分析：此句是 句；主语是 ；ever written是过去分词作 修饰works。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。 as 简单 后置定语 On the Origin of Species Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 not...until...直到……才…… It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.(P68 Para.6) 这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。 结构分析：句中的not...until...意为“直到……才……”，cause a storm意为“引起轰动”。 • 如果until用在肯定句中，谓语动词通常是延续性动词，如stand，stay， talk，wait等，表示主句动作终止的时间。 • 如果until用在否定句中，谓语动词既可以是瞬间性动词也可以是延续 性动词，强调主句动作开始的时间。 • 当not until 位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，not until所在的从句不倒 装。其结构为Not until＋从句/表时间的词＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋ (主句)主语＋谓语＋其他。 • not until的强调结构为It is/was not until＋从句/表时间的词＋that＋其他。 (1)飞机要等暴风雪停了才会起飞。 The plane . (2)他如此勤奋，一直在复习所学内容，直到半夜。 So hard-working was he that he ___________________________________ . won’t take off until the snowstorm stops kept revising what he had learned until/till midnight (3)直到在比赛中被击败，他们才意识到团队合作的重要性。 they were defeated in the competition. ＝Not until they were defeated in the competition ____________________ .(改成倒装句) ＝ they were defeated in the competition _______________ .(改成强调句式) They didn’t realize the importance of team work until did they realize the importance of teamwork that they realized the importance of teamwork It was not until 课文重点词块默写 1.追溯到…… ____________ 2.因……而受益/获利 _______________ 3.响应号召 ______________ 4.第一选择 __________ 5.此外，更重要的是 ___________ 6.医学院 _____________ 7.是耻辱，是丢脸的事 ____________ date back to profit by/from... answer the call first choice what’s more medical school be a disgrace 8.有史以来；一直 __________ 9.讨论中的；考虑中的 ___________ 10.塞满；挤满；充满 _______________ 11.出现；产生 ____________ 12.引起轰动 _____________ 13.同时 _______________ 14.与……相似 ____________ 15.适应/适合…… _________ of all time in question be crowded with come to exist cause a storm at the same time be similar to adapt to 16.种种；各种各样的 ___________ 17.随着时间的推移 _________ 18.被认为是 ______________ 19.开始于…… __________ 返 回 a variety of over time be regarded as begin with 本课结束 $