Unit 1 Food matters 培优提能练(一)（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

训练12　培优提能练(一)　[分值：77.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A There is some good and bad news about vitamins and minerals.The good news is that intake(摄入) of certain vitamins is linked with a lower risk of early death.The bad news is that the link is seen only when those nutrients(营养) come from food，not supplements(营养品)，according to a new study. The study analyzed information from more than 27,000 adults in the US and found that people who ate up enough amounts of vitamin K or magnesium had a lower risk of death from any cause.In addition，people who consumed enough levels of vitamin A，vitamin K，zinc or copper had a lower risk of death from heart disease.But when the researchers considered the source of these nutrients—food vs supplements—only nutrients from food were tied to a lower risk of death from any cause or heart disease. The findings suggested that adequate nutrients intake from foods was connected with reduced mortality(死亡率)，while over intake from supplements could be harmful.The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends that people try to get their nutrients from foods by eating healthily.“Real food contains healthy things a pill can’t give us，” the academy says.“When we take a nutrient out of a food and concentrate it in a pill，it’s not quite the same thing.” Still，people with certain diseases or conditions may not be able to get all the nutrients they need from food，and thus might need to take a supplement.For example，pregnant(怀孕的) women often need to take folic acid or iron supplements to prevent birth shortcomings.People with certain food allergies(过敏) or digestive(消化的) conditions may also need to take supplements.People should talk with their doctors before taking supplements，the academy recommends. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，只有来源于食物而非营养品中的营养素才能降低早逝的风险。 1．What is the key to reducing the risk of early death according to the passage? A．The nutrients from food. B．The amounts of vitamin. C．The condition of one’s body. D．The balance between food and supplements. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“...intake(摄入) of certain vitamins is linked with a lower risk of early death...the link is seen only when those nutrients(营养) come from food，not supplements...”可知，来源于食物的营养物质是降低早逝风险的关键。故选A。 2．Why should we take enough nutrients from food? A．They help lower the risk of early death. B．Their sources are rich and various. C．They differ from those in supplements. D．They are easier to take in than those from supplements. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后三句可知，食物含有营养品无法提供给我们的健康物质，所以我们应从食物中摄取足够的营养。故选C。 3．What suggestions does the academy give to pregnant women? A．Making a thorough(细致的) check. B．Learn about the influence of birth faults. C．Getting enough nutrients from food. D．Consulting doctors before taking supplements. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句可知，学会建议孕妇在服用营养品之前，应先咨询医生。故选D。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Vitamins from Food—Longer Life B．Foods or Supplements—Which Matters More C．Supplements—the Alternative of Food D．Vitamins from Supplements—Longer Life 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现只有来源于食物而非营养品中的营养素才能降低早逝的风险。因此，从食物中获取的维生素，意味着更长的寿命。故选A。 B A research project called Mineral has created robots that move around in farm fields.The project aims to use computers to help farmers grow more food in ways that are healthy for the environment. With the number of people on earth getting bigger each year，more food needs to be grown in order to feed everyone.As weather patterns continue to change because of the climate crisis，this task is becoming even more difficult.Some experts say that to feed everyone，more food will need to be grown over the next 50 years than in the last 10,000 years.In the past，farmers tried to quickly increase the amount they produce，using methods that were not always healthy for the environment—more fields，fertilizers，and pesticides. Instead，the focus of the Mineral project is on getting farms to produce more by improving conditions for each plant.Elliot Grant，who leads the project，says the goal is to “manage the plant instead of the plot”．Mineral’s team spent several years talking to farmers to see what problems they were having and how these problems might be fixed.That led to the creation of special robots called “plant buggies(车)”． At first，the buggies were very simple.They were built on bicycles and took pictures with cell phones.Over time，they’ve been improved repeatedly.The plant buggies roll on four wheels and are high enough to glide(滑行) over rows of plants without hurting them.They’re covered in solar panels and have strong wheels，which allows them to roll through muddy fields.The robots can take detailed pictures of plants，track each plant’s location，and measure the plant’s size. Before，farmers had information about the soil and the weather，but they couldn’t track every plant.Now，with Mineral’s robots，they can.By collecting lots of information like this，Mineral believes computers can help farmers make predictions about how their plants will grow.Studying each individual plant could end up saving time and money. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一个名为Mineral的研究项目推出了可以在农田中移动并收集信息的机器人，该项目旨在使用计算机帮助农民以环保的方式提高粮食产量。 5．What’s the Mineral project’s goal? A．To replace farmers with robots. B．To design and sell farming robots. C．To better handle environmental pollution. D．To improve food production in a green way. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段末句“The project aims to use computers to help farmers grow more food in ways that are healthy for the environment.”可知，Mineral项目的目标是以环保的方式提高粮食产量。故选D。 6．What contributes to the need for more food? A．The constant disasters. B．People’s bigger appetite. C．The increasing population. D．The development of industry. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段首句“With the number of people on earth getting bigger each year，more food needs to be grown in order to feed everyone.”可知，日益增长的人口导致食物的需求量增加。故选C。 7．What does the underlined part “the plot” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．A secret plan. B．A piece of farmland. C．The mark on a map. D．The series of events. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段末句“In the past，farmers tried to quickly increase the amount they produce...more fields，fertilizers，and pesticides.”以及第三段首句“Instead，the focus of the Mineral project is on getting farms to produce more by improving conditions for each plant.”可知，在过去，农民试图改善田地的条件来快速增加产量，但是现在通过改善每株植物的状况来提高农场产量。这里的the plot与the plant对应，可推测出plot为“地块”的意思，故选B。 8．What is special about plant buggies? A．They can collect soil information. B．They can make weather predictions. C．They can monitor each plant’s condition. D．They can help fertilize and water the crops. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段末句“The robots can take detailed pictures of plants，track each plant’s location，and measure the plant’s size.”可知，plant buggies的特别之处在于它们可以监控每株植物的状况。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) With big features around the corner like 5G，it may be quickly approaching the time to upgrade your device. 1 Price is important.The newest devices are all starting to cross the four-digit price range，but that doesn’t mean you need to spend big to get quality. 2 Non-flagship devices for the current year can also offer all of the features you’re looking for and make some savings too. What will you be using your device for？You need to identify your needs to understand if the price is worth paying.Most devices come equipped with packed features like cameras for use or with social media and bigger screens that have been useful for many gaming options.So be clear about what you’ll be using your device for. 3 That will certainly help cut costs down，especially the big-ticket items that are only aimed towards a certain audience. 4 With rising prices，many of us are holding on to our devices for a longer period of time，but months of updates and file storage can slow devices down，and internal hardware could fall behind in times too.Make a list of must-haves and do a little research to see if something new is coming. It can be no small task to find a suitable replacement. 5 After all，this is a type of device you’ll be stuck with every day. A．Think of longevity(持久) too. B．Still，it’s worth your effort to get it right. C．You may use it mainly for mobile games. D．Then look for devices without certain useless features. E．But there are definitely reasons for wasting money on quality. F．So what should you consider when picking out your new device? G．Second-hand devices from a year or two before can provide all the features you need. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在更换设备时需要考虑的事项。 1．答案　F 解析　根据空处所在位置，空处应承上启下。前文提到了更换设备，再结合下文讲述的更换设备时要考虑的内容可知，空处应引出挑选新设备时需要考虑哪些问题，故选F。 2．答案　G 解析　前文提到不需要为了获得高质量而花费大价钱，后文提到可以选择非旗舰设备这种省钱的方式，其中的also说明空处讲述的也是选择物美价廉设备的一种方法，且G选项中的“can provide all the features you need”和后文的“can also offer all of the features you’re looking for”相照应。故选G。 3．答案　D 解析　空前一句提到要明白自己的具体需求，后文讲了这么做有利于降低购买成本，由此可知，空处应承接上文，讲述确定需求后接下来应该做什么，D项“然后寻找不带有某些无用功能的设备”符合题意，选项中的Then说明这里与前文是顺承关系。故选D。 4．答案　A 解析　根据空处所在位置可知，空处是选设备时应该考虑的内容。根据后文“With rising prices，many of us are holding on to our devices for a longer period of time...fall behind in times too.”可知，这里应是讲述选设备时要考虑它的持久性。故选A。 5．答案　B 解析　前文提到选择合适的设备并不容易，再结合后文“After all，this is a type of device you’ll be stuck with every day.”可知，空处应是说花这些努力是值得的。故选B。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分) As a psychologist，one of my favorite practices came about during my meeting a teenager，Trevor.He had been struggling with anxiety and depression，finding few solutions 1 to him. Trevor 2 his ability after failing the final exam and wanted to give up.Together with his dad，he 3 me for help，and we discussed something about his treatment 4 .I told him that I 5 he would get better as long as he believed in himself.He looked puzzled.“I don’t think it will work，” he said.Then，a new idea struck me—maybe I could help him by associating his experience with the perception of steady improvement.So I enlightened(启发) him 6 . “When you break a bone，” I asked，“what is the 7 of a cast(石膏)？” “It protects the bone，” he answered.“Yes，but how 8 does the bone heal(痊愈)？” “The body heals it，” Trevor answered.“Right，” I nodded.“Now，I’ll act as your cast and 9 you until your mind heals itself.” Trevor gave me a smile.Obviously，our 10 gave Trevor a belief that he should trust in his inner power and it reassured him that he wasn’t 11 .He knew his doctor，parents，and teachers would all work in 12 to help him.Sure enough，he 13 his classmates later. If children are in crisis，parents can try to make them 14 their problems first.Parents also need to encourage and support them.In this case，children will feel encouraged and 15 eventually. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一名心理医生，他引导因考试不及格而抑郁焦虑的特雷弗运用自己的内在力量战胜疾病，最终成绩赶上了其他同学。 1．A.sensitive B．contrary C．essential D．available 答案　D 解析　sensitive敏感的；contrary相反的；essential基本的；available可用的。根据上文“He had been struggling with anxiety and depression，finding few solutions”可知，特雷弗一直在与心理疾病抗争，还没找到可用的解决办法，故选D。 2．A.doubted B．improved C．evaluated D．tested 答案　A 解析　根据下文“failing the final exam”可推出，特雷弗在考试不及格以后，怀疑自己的能力，故选A。 3．A.arranged B．delivered C．approached D．introduced 答案　C 解析　根据下文“we discussed something about his treatment”可知，特雷弗和父亲一起找到作者寻求帮助，approach sb for help为固定短语，含义为“找某人寻求帮助”，符合句意，故选C。 4．A.in return B．by accident C．at length D．with difficulty 答案　C 解析　根据下文“he would get better as long as he believed in himself”可推出，作者和他们详尽地讨论了有关治疗事项，故选C。 5．A.agreed B．guaranteed C．reminded D．decided 答案　B 解析　根据下文“he would get better as long as he believed in himself”可知，作者向特雷弗保证，只要特雷弗相信他自己，他就会好转，故选B。 6．A.curiously B．hurriedly C．anxiously D．patiently 答案　D 解析　根据上文“I don’t think it will work”以及下文作者和特雷弗展开的对话可知，特雷弗质疑自己的疾病是否会好转，作者用骨折与石膏举例耐心地引导他，故选D。 7．A.function B．choice C．shape D．expense 答案　A 解析　根据下文“It protects the bone”可知，此处作者问的是石膏的作用，故选A。 8．A.specially B．exactly C．definitely D．perfectly 答案　B 解析　根据下文“The body heals it”可知，此处是作者问特雷弗：骨头到底是怎么痊愈的？exactly“究竟，到底”，故选B。 9．A.check B．copy C．monitor D．back 答案　D 解析　根据上文“I’ll act as your cast”并结合石膏起到保护和支持的作用，可推出空白处应填表示“支持”含义的动词，故选D。 10．A.impression B．proof C．conversation D．gesture 答案　C 解析　根据上文作者和特雷弗的对话可推知，此处说的是他们之间的对话让特雷弗相信他自己的内在力量，故选C。 11．A.wrong B．alone C．unusual D．stubborn 答案　B 解析　根据下文“He knew his doctor，parents，and teachers would all...”可知，此处说的是特雷弗意识到他并不孤独，故选B。 12．A.partnership B．secret C．comfort D．vain 答案　A 解析　根据上文“He knew his doctor，parents，and teachers would all...”可知，此处说的是特雷弗的医生、父母和老师都会像伙伴一样合作帮助他，故选A。 13．A.got along with B．held on to C．looked up to D．caught up with 答案　D 解析　根据上文“failing the final exam”可知特雷弗是因为学业成绩不及格而焦虑和抑郁，经过作者的开导，特雷弗调整了心态，再根据上文“Sure enough”可推出，特雷弗的成绩赶上了其他同学，故选D。 14．A.recognize B．solve C．create D．ignore 答案　A 解析　根据上下文可知，此处是说当孩子遇到困境时，家长首先要努力让孩子意识到自己的问题，故选A。 15．A.curious B．confident C．considerate D．knowledgeable 答案　B 解析　根据上文特雷弗的事例可知，在受到鼓励与支持后孩子会变得自信，故选B。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) Shangsi Festival is an ancient Chinese festival 1. (celebrate) on the third day of the third lunar month.It is a festival 2. (main) observed by Chinese ethnic groups to drive away evil spirits and natural disasters. There are many 3. (story) about the festival’s true origins.Some say it stems from a dinner party held on the banks of the Qushui River during the Zhou Dynasty.Others say it 4. (come) from the custom of getting rid of evil by bathing in the river. Shangsi Festival activities have changed with the times.The feast and praying for later generations by the river 5. (add) in the Han Dynasty.It was after the Wei and Jin Dynasties 6. the event developed into the Double Third Day. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties，the festival developed into 7. spring outing featuring lively activities like hiking and listening to choir music. To the Zhuang ethnic group，the Double Third Day is a festival for young people 8. (sing) songs and find their true love.Since 1983，singing festivals 9. (hold) annually on this day throughout Guangxi. Five-colored sticky rice and painted eggs are traditional food for the Shangsi Festival.The Zhuang people believe rice is good for health and painted eggs are seen 10. a symbol of love. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国的传统节日——上巳节。 1．答案　celebrated 解析　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语is且无连词，空格处用非谓语动词，festival和celebrate之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词作后置定语，故填celebrated。 2．答案　mainly 解析　考查副词。空格处用副词作状语修饰动词observed，故填mainly。 3．答案　stories 解析　考查名词的数。many后跟可数名词复数，故填stories。 4．答案　comes 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语it是第三人称单数，故填comes。 5．答案　were added 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设宴祈福是被增加的，句子用被动语态；由“in the Han Dynasty”可知，时态用一般过去时，且主语“The feast and praying”表示复数概念，故填were added。 6．答案　that 解析　考查强调句。由“It was”和句意可知，本句是强调句，结构是“it is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，本句中被强调的是时间，故填that。 7．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。outing是可数名词，且表泛指，前面需用不定冠词修饰，spring发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 8．答案　to sing 解析　考查非谓语动词。be a festival for sb to do sth意为“是某人做某事的节日”，因此空格处用动词不定式，故填to sing。 9．答案　have been held 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由“Since 1983”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，且节日活动是被举行，因此用被动语态，又因为主语festivals是复数，故填have been held。 10．答案　as 解析　考查介词。sth be seen as是固定短语，意为“某物被认为是……”，因此空格处用介词as，表示“作为”，故填as。 Ⅴ.读后续写微练(共5小题；每小题3分，共15分) I used to work in a preschool for one and a half years，teaching the class for 2-year-olds.There was a lead teacher and two assistant teachers(including me) in our class. Maybe 8 months into my work，we had a new student named Jack，who was nearly 3 years old but hardly knew any words.In fact when he arrived，the only words he would say were “hi” and “no”．Based on our working experience，we suspected his parents just never interacted with him at home. Every morning，Jack’s mom would drop him off with a totally blank expression.The moment they arrived，Jack would start crying，holding onto the hand or leg of his mother，who would just struggle to get the boy off her，saying “Let me go，Jack，” and then walk away without a look back.When she picked him up in the afternoon，Jack would run up to show her something but she would simply stare blankly at him and say “Let’s go，Jack.” If the teachers reported anything to her，she’d say “I see，” giving us the same absent look. Jack’s dad rarely came and he was just as bad.He obviously had an anger problem.Anytime he heard something negative had happened，he would turn red，stare angrily at his son and just say “Well，we will deal with it，” in such a cold voice. As a result，the boy，who longed desperately for attention and love，was always bad-tempered(坏脾气)．He would run，kick，hit，and even sometimes bite other kids.And when he did it，he would laugh and turn to us to look for a reaction.We criticized and punished him again and again，but it didn’t work at all.After his second week，the lead teacher decided to talk to his mom about it.His mom just shrugged(耸肩)，gave that blank look and said，“Oh yeah，Jack is a handful(难管的人)．I just can’t help it.”The teachers were all shocked. 范文补全 Having handled Jack for two weeks，we adjusted our approach.Instead of punishing him every time he misbehaved,1.we tried to give him more positive attention(我们尽力给予他更多积极的关注)．When he did well we praised him，and 2.when he was sad we hugged him and played games with him(当他伤心的时候，我们拥抱他，并和他一起玩游戏).3.Slowly but surely(缓慢但确定地)，Jack started to open up.He would smile more often and even started babbling more words. To our great joy，Jack gradually changed. He stopped hitting and biting other kids and even started playing nicely with them.Seeing the great changes that had taken place in their child,4.Jack’s parents also deeply reflected on themselves(杰克的父母也深深地反思了自己)．His parents started taking more of an interest in him and even started attending parent-teacher meetings.At the moment，I realize that every child needs love and attention，and 5.that a little positivity can go a long way in changing a child’s life(一点积极主动可以大大改变孩子的生活)． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $