Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（课件PPT）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage—Overview of to-infinitives，verb-ing and verb-ed forms Exploring poetry UNIT 4 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习 ①Drawing inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries.Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou.The main principle of its design is ② to recreate/ recreating natural landscapes in miniature.First ③ established in the Ming Dynasty，the original garden ④ containing a rockery to symbolize Tiantai Mountain became famous overnight.Pine and bamboo groves were added later，along with a pond and an island.Visitors would be ⑤ astonished to find the garden ⑥ modeled closely on natural features. 语境感悟 Visitors are also supposed ⑦ to explore it scene-by-scene.This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish，to a tree in blossom，a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate. 以上加颜色部分都是动词的 形式，非谓语有三种形式： ， 和 ；非谓语可以在句中充当 (如①)， (如②和⑤)， (如⑦)， (如④)，状语(如③)，补语(如⑥)等。 非谓语 现在分词 过去分词 动词不定式 主语 表语 宾语 定语 语法总览 语法精讲 非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表： 　　功能 形式　　 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed形式     √ √ √ √ 一、作主语 1.动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中作主语。不定式作主语时常常用形式主语it代替，不定式置于句末。如： Collecting stamps is my hobby.集邮是我的爱好。 It is important to detect the implied dimension of a poem. 发现一首诗隐含的方面是很重要的。 2.动词-ing形式有时也用形式主语it代替，动词-ing形式置于句末。如： It is no good pretending to know what you do not know.不懂装懂是不好的。 It is no use reading without grasping the meaning. 只读而不懂意思是没有用的。 二、作宾语 1.动词不定式作宾语 在afford，agree，arrange，choose，claim，desire，expect，fail，hope，intend，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，determine，decide等动词后，常接动词不定式作宾语。如： To my great disappointment，he refused to accept my invitation. 令我大失所望的是，他拒绝接受我的邀请。 The novelist decided to break with the rigid rules and advocate innovation. 这位小说家决定打破陈规，提倡创新。 2.动词-ing形式作宾语 在advise，admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest，quit等动词后，以及在动词短语burst out，can’t stand，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote...to，object to，be busy (in)，get down to，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，have fun等后，常接动词-ing形式作宾语。如： He couldn’t resist showing off his new car.他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。 There is no doubt that I have little difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners.毫无疑问，我和外国人交流没有什么困难。 3.介词后要接动词-ing形式作宾语，如what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等后接动词-ing 形式。注意on/upon doing sth＝as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。如： On his arrival/On arriving at the station，he found the train had just started.一到车站，他就发现火车刚刚开动。 4.在like，love，begin，start等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但二者区别不大，常可以交换使用。如： I like to go climbing when I’m available. ＝I like going climbing when I’m available. 我有空的时候喜欢去爬山。 It started raining when I got home. ＝It started to rain when I got home. 我到家的时候开始下雨了。 5.在remember，forget，regret，try，mean等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但二者意义不同。如： forget to do sth忘记去做某事 forget doing sth忘记已经做过某事 remember to do sth记得去做某事 remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事 regret to do sth很遗憾地去做某事 regret doing sth后悔做了某事 stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth停止做某事 mean to do sth意欲/打算做某事 mean doing sth意味着做某事 try to do sth尽力去做某事 try doing sth试着去做某事 How I regretted arguing with her about the important question，which made us both unhappy. 我多么后悔和她争论那个重要的问题，那使我们俩都不高兴。 I regret to tell you that I can’t travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time. 我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你一起去北京了。 三、作表语 1.动词不定式作表语 动词不定式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式还可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语，有的情况下to可以省略。如： My job this evening is to look after the baby for her. 我今晚的工作是替她照看婴儿。 My hope is for all members to come together. 我希望所有成员都能团结起来。 All I did was (to) give him a little push.我只是推了他一下。 2.动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语的特征或者状态，动词-ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。如： She felt very depressed about the future. 她感到前途无望。 The book was so interesting that he almost forgot the time. 这本书太有趣了，以至于他几乎忘记了时间。 Her part-time job is teaching yoga in a school. 她的兼职工作是在一所学校教瑜伽。 四、作定语 1.动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事，动词-ing形式作定语常表示正在发生的事，动词-ed形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。如： I have something unusual to do before going back. 回去之前我有些不寻常的事要做。 The student majoring in law made a comment on the matter. 这名法律专业的学生对此事发表了评论。 Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground before class. 上课前杰克清理了地上的落叶。 His first book published last month is based on a true story. 上个月出版的他的第一本书是根据一个真实故事写成的。 2.动词不定式和动词-ing形式作定语时可以有被动形式。如： His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 他的第一本书将于下个月出版，这本书是根据一个真实故事写成的。 Do you see the gallery being built over there? 你看到那边正在建的美术馆了吗？ 五、作状语 1.动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者出乎意料的结果，表示结果时不定式前常加only。 To dig up more clues，he collected and studied a lot of information. 为了挖掘更多的线索，他收集和研究了大量的信息。 He hurried to the train station，only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。 2.动词-ing形式作状语 (1)一般式(doing)：表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。如： The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light.(主动关系) 太阳开始升起，使这座山沐浴在金色的阳光中。 (2)完成式(having done)：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如： Having participated in some similar activities，I gained a lot of experience. 我参加过一些类似的活动，获得了很多经验。 3.动词-ed形式作状语 动词-ed形式作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。having been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。如： Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被动关系) 从山顶上看，这座城市非常漂亮。 Having been well tended for a year，my granny got better. 得到一年的精心照料，我奶奶的情况好转了。 六、作补语 1.在expect，forbid，force，order，permit，request，warn，invite等动词后，常接“名词/代词＋动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： We can always expect him to help us whenever we are in trouble.每当我们遇到困难的时候，我们总是可以指望他帮助我们。 I sincerely invite you to participate in the activity held by our school. 我真诚地邀请你参加我们学校举办的这次活动。 2.在see，hear，notice，watch，feel等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的整个过程；这些动词也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。如： I saw him cross the street and enter a shop. 我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。 I saw him crossing the street. 我看见他正在过马路。 3.动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义。如： I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. 我惊讶地发现我的家乡发生了这么大的变化。 It’s requested that we should get the work finished by 10 o’clock. 我们被要求在10点前完成这项工作。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.When we visited my old family home in a remote village，memory came (flood) back. 2. (see) that she was going off to sleep，I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. 3.John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work ___________ (finish)，he gladly accepted it. 4.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them (interest) in his lectures. flooding 达标检测 Seeing finished interested 5.We had an anxious couple of weeks (wait) for the results of the experiment. 6. (ensure) the safety of gas，the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly. 7.Bill suggested (hold) a meeting on what to do for the carnival during the vacation. 8. (walk) in the fields on a March afternoon made him feel the warmth of spring. waiting To ensure holding Walking 9.All the staff in our company are considering (go) to the city centre for the fashion show. 10.Ideally (locate) for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue，the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. going located Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法 我还记得上个月的一次尴尬的经历。那天，睡过了头使我很焦虑。我在公寓里飞快地跑来跑去，因为对我来说，没有什么比上班迟到更可怕的了。我叫了一辆出租车，穿上一件连衣裙，把所有必要的东西都放进包里，甚至没有往里看看就合上了。 I still remember 1. last month.That day, 2. made me anxious.3. quickly，I thought there was nothing scarier for me than 4. .I called a taxi，put on a dress，put all the necessary things into my bag，and closed it without even 5. . an embarrassing experience oversleeping Running around my apartment being late for work looking into it 然后我拿着钱包跑了出去。去上班没花太多时间，因为在每个红绿灯我都在催司机。最后，我到了办公室。令人惊讶的是，当我打开包时，我看到我的受到惊吓的猫在看着我。她似乎和我一样震惊。 Then I took my wallet，and ran out.It didn’t take much time 6.________ because 7. at every traffic light.At last，I was in the office.Surprisingly，when I opened my bag，I saw my frightened cat 8. .She seemed to be just 9._______________ . to get to work I was hurrying the driver looking at me as shocked as I was 本课结束 $