UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 War on Plastic Packets（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“减少塑料包装”环保主题，通过听力对话引入垃圾分类、回收等环保措施，进而学习set短语、aware等核心词汇及语法应用，再结合珊瑚礁保护、塑料回收等主题阅读和写作佳句，构建从输入到输出的语言学习支架。 资料以环保主题为载体，听力与词汇语法结合提升语言能力，阅读分析训练思维品质，培养文化意识中的环保责任感。如听力对话训练信息提取，set短语填空巩固语法，珊瑚礁保护阅读引导环保思考。课中助教师整合教学，课后学生可借词汇表和练习查漏补缺。

Section Ⅲ　Lesson 2　War on Plastic Packets Ⅰ.Listen to the conversation on P57 and choose the best answer.(高考形式) 1．Which is NOT mentioned to reduce their waste? A．By using reusable shopping bags. B．By eating out. C．By not asking for any plastic cutlery. 答案　B 2．What recyclable things did they throw? A．Chopsticks and paper plates. B．Plastic bags and takeaway food packaging. C．Newspapers and glass bottles. 答案　C 3．What are they talking about in the conversation? A．How to be environmentally friendly. B．Where to buy reusable shopping bags. C．How to cook meals. 答案　A Ⅱ.Listen to the conversation on P57 again and then fill in the blanks with the words you hear.(精听训练) Two friends，Lisa and Amy are discussing how to become more environmentally aware. (A＝Amy　L＝Lisa) A：It’s rubbish collection day tomorrow.I’ll put out our bins. L：Wow，we have so much rubbish! 1.I just get anxious when I think of the impact we have on the environment. A：Me too! How can we have produced so much 2.in just one week? Look at all these plastic bags! L：We really should buy reusable shopping bags when we go to the supermarket.That would be a good start to reduce our waste. A：3.Let’s do it.I also notice how much takeaway food packaging we have.4.We should try to cook for ourselves more often.Look at all these cartons and plastic cutlery! 5.Cooking at home is much more environmentally friendly. L：6.Well，I’m a terrible cook so it might be hard for me to cook at home,7.but I think I will tell restaurants not to give me any plastic cutlery，chopsticks and paper plates when I order from now on. A：8.That sounds like a good start.You know we are also quite bad at sorting our rubbish—look at this newspaper for example.It could easily be recycled but we threw it away. L：And we threw away lots of glass bottles too.9.Let’s sort our rubbish and take it to a recycling centre from now on.The local council will help to reuse and recycle it. A：10.Wonderful！I think these are all realistic and achievable steps that we can take to help protect the environment. L：I’ve just looked online too and there are lots of groups we could join which share ideas on how to reduce and recycle.11.It feels good knowing that there are so many other people who are committed to contributing to a better future for our planet. set out 开始做某事，着手进行；安排；陈述，阐明；出发，动身 set aside将……放在一边；为……节省或留出(钱或时间)；不理会；宣布……无效，撤销 set off动身；出发；引爆；引发 set up建立；树立 set down写下；放下；记下 set about doing sth 着手做某事 (1)用set短语的正确形式填空 Once the club was set up，the members immediately set out to work out the rules and set them down.It was planned that every member should set aside Saturday mornings to clean the park.After the rules were passed，the club set about carrying out their plans and set off for the park. [写作佳句] (2)(应用文写作之通知)我们将于明天早上7点在公园入口处集合，然后前往我们位于山顶的目的地。 We will gather at the entrance of the park at 7：00 am tomorrow and then set off for our destination at the top of the mountain. (3)(环境保护演讲稿)只有我们努力建立尽可能多的自然保护区，我们才能保护濒危动物。 Only when we make efforts to set up as many natural reserves as possible can we protect endangered animals. aware adj.意识到的；明白的(awareness n．知道；意识 unaware adj.未察觉的；不知道的) •be/become aware of/that...意识到……；明白…… make sb aware of/that...使某人意识到…… •raise one’s awareness of提高某人的……意识 注意　修饰aware可用well，much，very much，fully，但不可用very。 (1)People around the world should become aware of the importance of wildlife conservation. (2)It is important that students develop an awareness(aware) of contributing to their country. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之救人)她很清楚这两个男孩有危险，她需要采取一些紧急措施。 She was well aware that the two boys were at risk and she needed to take some urgent measures. (4)(应用文写作之通知)为了唤起公众的环保意识，学生会将组织一场演讲比赛，题目是“我们能为环境做些什么？”。 In order to arouse the public awareness of environmental protection，the Student Council will organize a speech contest whose topic is “What can we do for the environment？”． anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的；急切的；渴望的(anxiety n．忧虑，担心；渴望 anxiously adv.焦急地，忧虑地) •be anxious to do sth 急于做某事 be anxious for sb 为某人担心/忧虑 be anxious about sth担心某事 •with anxiety 焦虑地 (1)As August draws to a close，the student was more anxious to receive(receive) his admission notice. (2)She was anxious about the safety of her husband，who was a volunteer in the flood area. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之情绪描写)夜幕降临，我们站在山脚下，焦急地等他回来。 The night fell and we stood at the foot of the mountain，waiting for his return with anxiety. (4)(应用文写作之求助信)随着高考的临近，我是如此焦虑以至于睡不好觉。 With the approach of the college entrance examination，I am so anxious that I can’t sleep well. 训练5　Lesson 2(A) [分值：37.5分] Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 1. Determined to give up smoking，he threw the last packet(小盒) of cigarettes into the rubbish can. 2．They told the young couple not to be wasteful by eating out too often. 3．We need more feedback from consumers(消费者) in order to improve our goods. 4．To protect his books from the rain，he wrapped them with a piece of plastic sheet. 5．The council was upset about the transportation(交通) system of the city. 6．The designer has a large collection of bridal dresses in her house. 7．Being extremely hungry and thirsty，the boy swallowed(吞下) all the food like a wolf. 8．Environmentalists advise reducing white pollution by using reusable shopping bags. 9．We should use refillable cutlery rather than disposable chopsticks(筷子) or cartons. 10．My parents advised me to be realistic(现实的) by applying for a local university. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．The moment the professor arrived home，he set out to cook lunch for his son. 2．It has been raining constantly for several days，so all of us are anxious for a sunny day. 3．The company encourages its employees to come up with innovative(innovation) ideas to improve the production. 4．He wrapped(wrap) his arms around me and whispered，“You are bound to succeed.” 5．Haven’t you been fully aware of the fact that your carelessness is to blame for your failure? Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2024·河北沧衡期中) Coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are a unique ocean ecosystem consisting of rocky structures mainly formed by coral animals and some other ocean life.Despite only covering 0.2 percent of the ocean floor，coral reefs support at least 25 percent of marine species，as well as providing food and economic security for hundreds of millions of people. However，coral reefs across the world are under threat.Warmer oceans can cause the coral bleaching(白化)．It happens when the corals lose colored algae(海藻) living in their bodies and turn completely white.Without the algae，the corals lose their main food source and can die.In addition，as oceans become more acidic(酸性的) from absorbing CO2，corals in acidic conditions become weak in forming reefs. In 2021，the United Nations reported a 14 percent loss of corals across the world largely from rising sea temperatures in the previous 13 years.Australia declared mass bleaching events in 2022 across large parts of the Great Barrier Reef，four times since 2016.Data from the Philippines showed higher than usual ocean temperatures between 2015 and 2017 had caused a serious three-year bleaching events in reefs across the planet. Scientists have been cooperating to see how coral reefs can be protected.Thankfully，they find those coral reefs in the hot parts of the globe are the worst affected.They contain corals with better heat resistance.So their research focus on finding genes(基因) for heat tolerance so that they can be passed on to future generations.Biologists also mix corals that are more resilient to higher temperatures with those that are not and the resulting generation has a better chance of survival. Ultimately，scientists add that without a serious decline in greenhouse gas,99 percent of the world’s coral reefs will be gone by the end of the century.There is a limit to how quickly corals can adapt warm climate，but if temperatures rise rapidly，then extinction is certain. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了珊瑚礁正遭受威胁，强调了减少温室气体排放的必要性和紧迫性。 1．Which is the main threat to coral reefs? A．Declining ocean acidification. B．Loss of colored algae. C．Increasing sea temperatures. D．Lack of food source. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“However，coral reefs across the world are under threat.Warmer oceans can cause the coral bleaching(白化)．”和最后一段中“but if temperatures rise rapidly，then extinction is certain”可知，海洋温度上升是珊瑚礁的主要威胁。故选C。 2．What do we know from paragraph 3? A．No actions are taken to protect coral reefs. B．Coral bleaching is the worst in Australia. C．Coral reefs have grown rapidly for years. D．Coral reefs receive impacts globally. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“In 2021，the United Nations reported a 14 percent loss of corals across the world...”和“Australia declared mass bleaching events...”以及“Data from the Philippines...three-year bleaching events in reefs across the planet.”可知，珊瑚礁受到的影响是全球性的。故选D。 3．What can be the basic way to protect coral reefs? A．Reducing greenhouse gas emission. B．Transplanting them to the hot parts. C．Relying on genes science. D．Limiting their spread. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ultimately，scientists add that without a serious decline in greenhouse gas,99 percent of the world’s coral reefs will be gone by the end of the century.”可推知，减少温室气体的排放是保护珊瑚礁的根本办法。故选A。 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Where Are Coral Reefs Spread? B．How Can Coral Reefs Survive? C．Coral Reefs：A New Threat to Ocean Life D．Coral Reefs：A Busy Underwater Community 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。根据第二段中“However，coral reefs across the world are under threat.”以及最后一段第一句话并结合全文可知，这篇文章主要讲述了珊瑚礁正面临威胁，减少温室气体排放和利用珊瑚的耐热基因可以帮助珊瑚礁渡过难关。故B项“How Can Coral Reefs Survive？”符合主旨，最适合作为本文的标题。故选B。 B (2024·湖北武汉期中) The sunflower sea star has been listed as a critically endangered species following a groundbreaking population study led by Oregon State University (OSU) and The Nature Conservancy. “These giant sea stars used to be easy to find and were a hit with divers.Unfortunately，your chances of finding one now are next to nothing in most of the areas near the United States—this listing is one step to extinction—and I don’t think they’re coming back without help，” said OSU’s Sarah Gravem，a research associate in the College of Science and the lead author of the study. Populations of the sunflower sea star suffered dramatic crashes because of a marine(海洋的) wildlife epidemic event，which began in 2013.Scientists used more than 61,000 population surveys from 31 data sets to calculate a 90.6% decline in the sunflower sea stars and estimated that as many as 5.75 billion animals died from the disease，whose cause has not been determined.Moreover，the research showed no sign of population recovery in any region in the five to seven years since the event. Sunflower sea stars are a key catcher of purple sea urchins(海胆) and the sea star decline has helped the increase in the urchin population in many regions.Too many urchins are linked to a decline in kelp forests(海藻林) already facing pressure from marine heat wave events，making the future uncertain for ecosystems that provide habitat for thousands of marine animals and help support coastal economies. “Because most people are not out in the ocean every day，we don’t realize how much it’s being changed and impacted by humans.We need to think about how to keep our ocean healthy.While reducing the release of carbon dioxide is the most pressing need，rebuilding key catcher populations，like the sunflower sea star，can be an important piece of the puzzle too，” said study co-author Sara Hamilton，a Ph.Dcandidate in the OSU College of Science. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太阳花海星数量下降的原因、影响以及应对建议。 5．What can we infer about sunflower sea stars from Sarah Gravem’s words? A．They present a danger to divers. B．They cannot recover on their own. C．They cannot adapt to the new environment. D．They attract many tourists to the United States. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘...this listing is one step to extinction—and I don’t think they’re coming back without help”可知，太阳花海星正濒临灭绝，需要人们的帮助，因为它们无法自己恢复。故选B。 6．What led to the sharp decline in the number of sunflower sea stars? A．Human beings’ overfishing. B．The arrival of a new species. C．The rising ocean temperature. D．The occurrence of a marine disease. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Populations of the sunflower sea star suffered dramatic crashes because of a marine(海洋的) wildlife epidemic event，which began in 2013.”可知，导致太阳花海星数量急剧下降的原因是一种海洋疾病的出现。故选D。 7．What is the relationship between sunflower sea stars and the sea kelp forests? A．Their common enemies are sea urchins. B．Sunflower sea stars feed on the sea kelp forests. C．Sunflower sea stars help preserve the sea kelp forests. D．The sea kelp forests provide habitats for sunflower sea stars. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Sunflower sea stars are a key catcher of purple sea urchins(海胆) ...Too many urchins are linked to a decline in kelp forests(海藻林)...”可知，太阳花海星有助于保护海藻林。故选C。 8．What might Sara Hamilton agree with? A．More species should be introduced to the ocean. B．Scientists play the most important role in protecting the ocean. C．The influence of human activities on the ocean has decreased since 2013. D．More action should be taken to increase the number of sunflower sea stars. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We need to think about how to keep our ocean healthy...rebuilding key catcher populations，like the sunflower sea star，can be an important piece of the puzzle too” 可知，Sara Hamilton认为人们应该积极行动起来，采取更多的措施去增加像太阳花海星一类的生物的数量。故选D。 训练6　Lesson 2(B) [分值：32.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A A company in San Francisco，California，has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into women’s shoes. Every day，millions of Americans drink water and other liquids from plastic bottles.More than 60 million of them are thrown away each day.Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products. A San Francisco start-up company called Rothy’s，however，turns this plastic waste into environmentally friendly shoes.Roth Martin is the company’s co-founder.He explains how they turn plastic into soft material for women’s feet.They take the plastic，clean it，and break it down into small pieces.Then they press them through a device that makes soft fibers.Those fibers are then combined together.This is done by a 3D machine.It is designed to reduce waste while making the shoes.The knitted stuff and the inner part of the shoe are then attached to the shoe’s outer part，called the sole(鞋底)．This outer sole is also made from environmentally friendly material：responsibly sourced no-carbon rubber. Rothy’s shoes are sold online.They are flat shoes，with either a rounded or pointed toe.They come in different colors and designs.They cost either $125 or $145 per pair，depending on the design.After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them last year，the demand for the shoes grew.Martin says there is no shortage of material to fill that demand.“We’re not going to run out of water bottles any time soon.So we have a limitless supply of material，and I think that is a good sign for our future.” When the environmentally friendly shoes wear out，customers can return them at no cost to a company that uses the recycled materials to make other products. For now，the shoes are only available to be shipped in the United States.However，the company says it will add international shipping in the near future. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法。 1．How are used plastic bottles usually dealt with? A．They are buried or burned. B．They are used to make shoes. C．They are changed into soft material. D．They are returned to factories for reuse. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，废弃塑料瓶的处理方法是被掩埋或焚烧。故选A。 2．What does the underlined word “knitted” in the third paragraph mean? A．Attached. B．Fixed. C．Combined. D．Repaired. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Those fibers are then combined together.”以及“The knitted stuff and the inner part of the shoe are then attached to the shoe’s outer part”可知，the knitted stuff就是指“结合在一起的纤维”，由此可以猜测knitted的意思应与combined意思一致。故选C。 3．Which of the following directly helped to increase the sales of Rothy’s shoes? A．The design and color. B．The reasonable price. C．The company’s advertisement. D．The star power of Gwyneth Paltrow. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第五句可知，在美国女演员Gwyneth Paltrow穿过这种鞋子后，需求量大增。即Gwyneth Paltrow的明星魅力直接导致Rothy的鞋子销量大增。故选D。 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To advertise a new kind of shoes. B．To describe the process of making shoes. C．To introduce a new way of recycling plastic waste. D．To stress the importance of environmental protection. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。根据第一段及全文内容可知，本文是为了介绍一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法。故选C。 B (2024·湖北四地七校期中联考) Zhu Dejun’s first job after graduating from college was as a road design engineer at an institute in his hometown，Alashan League，North China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region.In 2011，when Zhu was conducting a road survey along with his colleagues，he saw a plant that he didn’t recognize.Later，Zhu learned that the plant was a saxaul tree which is an excellent tree species for sand fixation and afforestation(造林) in desert areas.It’s commonly seen，though easily ignored.Known as a desert guardian，a fully grown saxaul tree can hold together a 10-square-meter patch of desert land，according to Zhu. Zhu quit his job at the design institute in 2014 and joined a nonprofit organization，the Society of Entrepreneurs and Ecology Conservation，or SEE，in the same year，concentrating on tackling desertification. The organization，devoted to ecological protection and social responsibility，was located in the Alashan League of Inner Mongolia.During the past eight years，Zhu has been leading a team from SEE to plant saxaul trees in sandy areas in Alashan League and other places of Inner Mongolia. In 2014，the SEE launched a project titled “one hundred million saxaul trees”，aiming to reach that number from 2014 to 2023，turning the desert of more than 133,330 hectares back into a satisfying ecosystem.By the end of 2018，half of the organization’s goal had been achieved. In 2016，Ant Finance cooperated with SEE to introduce the Ant Forest platform，not only encouraging people to choose “a low-carbon way” of shopping，traveling and living，but also to help control desertification. Through the participation of a greater number of online users，who grow virtual trees，the SEE Foundation，set up in 2008，has been providing subsidies(补助金) for local herdsmen and farmers while also offering technological support to plant saxaul trees in desert areas.Now，Zhu is the head of the foundation’s project to fight desertification.He also gives lectures about saxaul trees and the fight against desertification at schools，hoping to raise awareness among young people. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了朱德军以及他的同事们种植梭梭树，努力对抗沙漠化，保护环境的故事。 5．What did Zhu Dejun do first after graduation? A．He researched on saxaul trees. B．He joined a nonprofit organization. C．He found ways to fight desertification. D．He focused on road design engineering. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中的“Zhu Dejun’s first job after graduating from college was as a road design engineer at an institute”可知，朱德军毕业后做的第一份工作是道路设计工程师。故选D。 6．Why are saxaul trees planted by Zhu’s team? A．They are easily taken care of. B．They can grow fast in deserts. C．They are perfect for holding water. D．They can fight desertification effectively. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“the plant was a saxaul tree...can hold together a 10-square-meter patch of desert land”可知，梭梭树是帮助固沙造林的树种，可以有效地防治沙漠化。故选D。 7．What did SEE do to control desertification? A．They teamed up with Ant Finance. B．They planted one hundred million saxaul trees. C．They held online lectures on desertification. D．They encouraged donation from online users. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容可知，SEE与蚂蚁金融合作发起了蚂蚁森林平台来控制沙漠化。故选A。 8．How can online users help Zhu’s team? A．By providing subsidies. B．By raising awareness. C．By planting trees online. D．By offering technological support. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Through the participation of a greater number of online users，who grow virtual trees”可知，网络用户可以在网上种植虚拟树来参与保护活动。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Be a Responsible Camper Being a responsible camper is about more than just respecting your neighbors and observing the boundaries set by campsites. 1 Please keep sustainable camping guidelines in mind while planning a trip into the great outdoors. Leave no trace. 2 Follow the principles: “take only pictures，leave only footprints”．Most “leave no trace” principles focus on reducing our impact on the natural environment.Following the same rules for hiking and other outdoor activities is one of the best ways to show your respect for a natural destination. 3 Harmful sunscreen chemicals can pollute bodies of water and may take many years to break down in the natural environment，so be mindful of what you put on your bodies before jumping into that lake. Respect the wildlife.If you’re camping in a popular area with plenty of people around，it’s easy to forget that you’re actually sharing space with wild animal habitats.Sometimes，too much interaction with people can disturb the natural balance and make animals more aggressive or lead to more human-wildlife conflicts.Try to keep all of your food out of reach from wildlife. 4 Practice fire safety.While this is especially relevant on the west coast of the United States，where wildfire season is most threatening，fire safety should always be a top priority while camping. 5 In areas known for having greater fire danger，it pays to have a shovel(铲子) or a bucket of water handy to take care of any runaway flames. A．Aim for zero waste. B．Keep waterways clean. C．Only build fires in fixed sites or rings. D．And most importantly，remember never to feed wild animals. E．Taking your campsite off the beaten path may sound adventurous. F．Always leave your campsite the same as or better than you found it. G．It’s about having the lowest impact possible on the surrounding environment. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何做一个负责任的露营者给出建议。 1．答案　G 解析　根据上文“Being a responsible camper is about more than just”可知，一个负责任的露营者除了要尊重邻居和遵守营地界限外，还需要有更高的要求，G项“It’s about having the lowest impact possible ...”承接上文，且与上文的句式相同，符合语境。故选G。 2．答案　F 解析　主旨句“Leave no trace.”提出露营后不留痕迹。F项“Always leave your campsite the same as or better than you found it.”要求露营者离开时，让营地与来时一样或甚至更好，照应本段主题，强调不留痕迹。故选F。 3．答案　B 解析　设空句是段首主旨句，根据本段下文内容可知，本段强调不要污染水体，B项“Keep waterways clean.”与下文内容一致，符合语境。故选B。 4．答案　D 解析　上文“Try to keep all of your food out of reach from wildlife.”提到不要把食物放在野生动物够得着的地方，D项“And most importantly，remember never to feed wild animals.”承接上文，进一步强调不要投喂野生动物，与上文语意一致。故选D。 5．答案　C 解析　上文“While this is...fire safety should always be a top priority while camping.”讲野外露营的消防安全问题，C项“Only build fires in fixed sites or rings.”与消防安全相关，符合语境。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $