UNIT 2 SUCCESS 单元检测卷(二)（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（北师大版）

单元检测卷二第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。Text one, we are having a little party at the weekend. Can you come? That sounds nice, but I already have plans with tom. We're going to the beach. Text two, how much is IT? That'll be three hundred and seventy five dollars. Will that be cash or credit card? We also accept checks . i'll pay by card. I don't Carry much cash with me. Text three, which picture do you like best? That one with the boat is good, isn't IT? No, I don't like IT. I love that picture of the village houses. It's beautiful. Text for bill, can I see your notes from the history lecture? I seem to be missing a page. Sorry, I was absent yesterday. Why not borrow your roommates? Coffee is not answering her phone. Text five, David, have you saved enough for the car? I have twenty five thousand dollars now, and the car costs thirty thousand dollars. My parents said they would like to help, so i'll get the rest from them. 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第六段材料，回答第六、七题。Text six, where did you live all your childhood in sydney? And I was born there. How long have you been in britain? Oh, i've been here since nineteen seventy two. Why did you come here? I married an englishman. IT was quite a romantic situation. We were both in friends and we met and married there. Where did you live all your childhood in sydney? And I was born there. How long have you been in britain? Oh, i've been here since nineteen seventy two. Why did you come here? I married an english man. IT was quite a romantic situation. We were both and friends, and we met and married there. 听第七段材料，回答第八、九题。Text seven, can I order take out here? Yes, sir, what would you like? I want a hamburger, a medium french fries, a big mac meal and a double cheeseburger, please. anything else? And a six piece chicken nugget gets. What kind of drink would you like? A large coke with extra ice and a milk shake? And please give me several more straws. How much do I owe you? Let me calculate IT. Uh, that comes to fourteen dollars and thirty cents. Here's fifteen dollars. Keep the change. Can I order take out here? Yes, sir, what would you like? I want a hamburger, a medium french fries, a big mac meal and a double cheeseburgers. Please. anything else. and a six piece chicken nuggets. What kind of drink would you like? A large coke with extra ice and a milk shake. And please give me several more straws. How much do I owe you? Let me calculate IT. Uh, that comes to fourteen dollars and thirty cents. Here's fifteen dollars. Keep the change. 听第八段材料，回答第10至12题。Text date, why don't you sit down now? There are several questions I must ask if you don't mind. Not at all. Go ahead. What is the purpose of your visit to the states? I'm going to attend a conference on air pollution. When and where is this conference being held? It's being held in the first three weeks of february at the university of stanford in california. Who will pay your expenses? The university of california. Here is the official letter of invitation. I see. fine. When do you want to go? I'd like to leave in my january. If my passport is ready by then. that shouldn't be difficult. Why don't you phone me about january tenth? I should be able to give you an answer then. Thank you. Why don't you sit down now? There are several questions I must ask if you don't mind. Not at all. Go ahead. What is the purpose of your visit to the states? I'm going to attend a conference on air pollution. When and where is this conference being held? It's being held in the first three weeks of february at the university of stanford and california. Who will pay your expenses? The university of california. Here is the official letter of invitation. I see. fine. When do you want to go? I'd like to leave in my january. If my passport is ready by then. that shouldn't be difficult. Why don't you phone me about january tenth? I should be able to give you an answer then. Thank you. 听第九段材料，回答第13至16题。Text nine, hey, I am a little bit upset about that television. You people sold me. I got at home and the thing doesn't work. The lines that their lines all over the picture, hundreds, not satisfied. I'd like to have my money back or give me a new television. Well, it's not my fault. What did you do with IT when you got at home? I just plugged IT in and turned IT on. Well, that was working fine when you took IT when you left here. Well. I think the least two people can do is to come over and adjust IT for me and make sure the things working all right. Well, I wouldn't ind doing that or you could bring IT here and i'll have a look at IT. But you bought a second hand TV, and there's only today warranty . on the second hand, second hand, nothing was supposed to be new. Your salesman told me I was brand new. Well, I can't be responsible for that. Hey, I am a little bit upset about that television. You people sold me. I got at home and the thing doesn't work. Allies that their lines all over the picture. I just not satisfied. I'd like to have my money back or give me a new television. Well, it's not my fault. What did you do with IT when you got at home? I just plugged IT in and . turned IT on. Well, IT was working fine when you took IT when you left here. Well, I think the least two people can do is to come over and adjust IT for me and make sure the things working all right. Well, I won't mind doing that. Or you could bring IT here and i'll have a look at IT. But you bought a second hand TV, and there's only a today warranty . on the second hand, second hand, nothing was supposed to be new. Your salesman told me I was brand new. Well, I can't be responsible for that. 听第十段材料，回答第17至20题。Text ten, the history of plastic is no longer than you might expect. In fact, the first man made plastic was made over a one hundred years ago. I was discovered both by an englishman and an american in the same year. But IT was the american who first developed on a large scale during the eight hundred and sixty. Everybody was excited by this new material. Because IT was so cheap, poor workers were able to buy plastic collars. These plastic collars were hard and uncomfortable, but they were easy to wash. The poor workers could clean them every evening with just soap and water. Poor mothers who had not been able to afford the toys for their children were now able to buy inexpensive ones made of plastic. However, plastic has one serious fault. Some kinds of plastic can catch fire very easily. And when they do, a poisonous gas is produced. What's worse, plastic takes a very long time to break down. So IT causes serious pollution. We now use the term White pollution to refer the plastic pollution. The history of plastic is no longer than you might expect. In fact, the first man made plastic was made over a hundred years ago. IT was discovered both by an englishman and in american in the same year. But IT was the american who first developed on a large scale during the eighteen sixties. Everybody was excited by this new material. Because IT was so cheap, poor workers were able to buy plastic collars. These plastic collars were hard and uncomfortable, but they were easy to wash. The poor workers could clean them every evening with just soap and water. Poor mothers who had not been able to afford the toys for their children were now able to buy inexpensive ones made of plastic. However, plastic has one serious fault. Some kinds of plastic can catch fire very easily. And when they do, a poisonous gas is produced. What's worse, plastic takes a very long time to break down, so IT causes serious pollution. We now use the term of White pollution to refer the plastic pollution. 第二节到此结束。 单元检测卷(二) 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节　(共5 小题；每小题 1.5分，满分7.5 分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What does the woman plan to do this weekend? A．Visit Tom. B．Attend a party. C．Go to the beach. 2．How will the woman pay? A．In cash. B．By check. C．By card. 3．Which picture does the man like best? A．The one of the boats. B．The one of the village houses. C．The one of the animals. 4．Who was absent from school yesterday? A．Bill. B．Cathy. C．Jill. 5．How much will the man receive from his parents? A．$2,500. B．$3,000. C．$5,000. 第二节　(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．Where did the woman come from? A．Britain. B．London. C．Australia. 7．Where did she get married? A．In France. B．In Britain. C．In Australia. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．Where does the conversation take place? A．In a restaurant. B．In a shop. C．In a hotel. 9．How much does the man tip the woman? A．$ 1.70. B．$ 1.30. C．$ 0.70. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．Why is the man going to the States? A．To attend a conference. B．To visit places of interest. C．To visit his friends. 11．When does the man want to leave for America? A．In early January. B．In mid-January. C．In early February. 12．What is probably the woman’s job? A．A scientist. B．A reporter. C．An embassy staff. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What is wrong with the television? A．The picture is not clear. B．There is no sound. C．It can’t be turned on. 14．How long is the warranty(保修单) for the television? A．Two years. B．Two months. C．Two days. 15．What does the man agree to do in the end? A．Give the money back to the woman. B．Give the woman a new TV set. C．Check the television and make it work properly. 16．Why is the woman surprised? A．They can’t adjust it. B．It is not a new TV. C．The TV is out of warranty. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．Who first developed plastic on a large scale? A．A Frenchman. B．An Englishman. C．An American. 18．What was the advantage of plastic collars? A．They didn’t wear out easily. B．They were easy to wash. C．They were comfortable. 19．Why were the plastic toys a good idea for some mothers? A．They were colorful. B．They were cheap. C．Kids preferred them. 20．What is talked about at the end of the speech? A．The excitement caused by plastic. B．Different uses of plastic. C．The harmful side of plastic. 答案　1.C　2.C　3.B　4.A　5.C　6.C　7.A 8．A　9.C　10.A　11.B　12.C　13.A　14.C 15．C　16.B　17.C　18.B　19.B　20.C 听力材料 Text 1 M：We are having a little party at the weekend.Can you come? W：That sounds nice.But I already have plans with Tom.We’re going to the beach. Text 2 W：How much is it? M：That’ll be $375.Will that be cash or credit card? We also accept checks. W：I’ll pay by card.I don’t carry much cash with me. Text 3 W：Which picture do you like best? That one with the boats is good，isn’t it? M：No，I don’t like it.I love that picture of the village houses.It’s beautiful. Text 4 W：Bill，can I see your notes from the history lecture? I seem to be missing a page. M：Sorry，Jill.I was absent yesterday.Why not borrow your roommate’s? W：Cathy’s not answering her phone. Text 5 W：David，have you saved enough for the car? M：I have $ 25,000 now，and the car costs $30,000.My parents said they would like to help，so I’ll get the rest from them. Text 6 M：Where did you live all your childhood? W：In Sydney，and I was born there. M：How long have you been in Britain? W：Oh，I’ve been here since 1972. M：Why did you come here? W：I married an Englishman！It was quite a romantic situation.We were both in France，and we met and married there. Text 7 M：Can I order take-out here? W：Yes，sir.What would you like? M：I want a hamburger，a medium French fries，a Big Mac meal，and a double cheeseburger，please. W：Anything else? M：And a 6-piece chicken nuggets. W：What kind of drink would you like? M：A large Coke with extra ice and a milkshake.And please give me several more straws.How much do I owe you? W：Let me calculate it，er...that comes to $ 14.30. M：Here’s $15.Keep the change. Text 8 W：Why don’t you sit down? Now，there are several questions I must ask，if you don’t mind. M：Not at all.Go ahead. W：What is the purpose of your visit to the States? M：I’m going to attend a conference on air pollution. W：When and where is this conference being held? M：It’s being held in the first three weeks of February at the University of Stanford in California. W：Who will pay your expenses? M：The University of California.Here is the official letter of invitation. W：I see.Fine.When do you want to go? M：I’d like to leave in mid-January if my passport is ready by then. W：That shouldn’t be difficult.Why don’t you phone me about January 10th? I should be able to give you an answer then. M：Thank you. Text 9 W：Hey，I’m a little bit upset about that television you people sold me.I got it home and the thing doesn’t work! The lines..，the...there’re lines all over the picture! I’m just not satisfied.I’d like to have my money back，or give me a new television. M：Well，it’s not my fault! What did you do with it when you got it home? W：I just plugged it in and turned it on. M：Well，it was working fine when you took it...when you left here. W：Well，I think the least you people can do is to come over and adjust it for me，and make sure the thing’s working all right. M：Well，I wouldn’t mind doing that.Or you could bring it here and I’ll have a look at it.But you bought a second-hand TV and there’s only a...two-day warranty on it. W：Second-hand？Second-hand？！ That thing was supposed to be new! Your salesman told me it was brand new. M：Well，I can’t be responsible for that. Text 10 The history of plastic is no longer than you might expect.In fact，the first man-made plastic was made over a hundred years ago.It was discovered both by an Englishman and an American in the same year，but it was the American who first developed it on a large scale during the 1860s. Everybody was excited by this new material because it was so cheap.Poor workers were able to buy plastic collars.These plastic collars were hard and uncomfortable，but they were easy to wash.The poor workers could clean them every evening with just soap and water.Poor mothers，who had not been able to afford toys for their children，were now able to buy inexpensive ones made of plastic. However，plastic has one serious fault.Some kinds of plastic can catch fire very easily，and when they do，a poisonous gas is produced.What’s worse，plastic takes a very long time to break down so it causes serious pollution.We now use the term “white pollution” to refer to plastic pollution. 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节　(共15 小题；每小题2.5分，满分 37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Kick off the fall season with us in Charleston，South Carolina on September 23rd & 24th! Gather Charleston will be a weekend event you don’t want to miss—celebrating delicious food，local culture，and Southern heritage. Wentworth Mansion The grandest mansion in the Holy City，Wentworth Mansion displays a sense of history，unmatched luxury，and Southern hospitality—all just steps from award-winning dining，art，history，and shopping. Guest offer: free valet parking，breakfast served in Circa 1886 restaurant，afternoon wine，evening cordials and in-room soft drinks. 149 Wentworth Street，Charleston.843-853-1886 The Loutrel Located between Church Street and State Street in Charleston’s historic district，The Loutrel shows the city’s elegance，offering amazing comfort for modern travelers. Offer code: “FoodWine” —10% off with free parking，a welcome cocktail，European breakfast，and WiFi. 61 State St.，Charleston.843-872-9600 The Charleston Place An independent，iconic landmark in the heart of Charleston’s historic district.Redefining the legendary spaces，experiences and city with renewed passion，purpose，and intention. Offer code: “GATHER”—includes daily breakfast credit(抵免)(up to $ 30 per person，per day)，welcome amenity，and valet parking. 205 Meeting St.，Charleston.843-722-4900 Emeline Welcome to Emeline，a fashionable hotel located on Church St.in downtown Charleston.We bring southern charm to life with delightful surprises. Offer code: “CHS22” —15% off room rate and a 25 dining credit(per stay)． 181 Church St.，Charleston.843-577-2644 For more information on tickets and event programming，visit gather-charleston.com. 语篇解读　这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿的四家著名酒店。 21．Where can you get in-room soft drinks? A．At Wentworth Mansion. B．At The Loutrel. C．At The Charleston Place. D．At Emeline. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据Wentworth Mansion部分的“Guest offer: free valet parking，breakfast served in Circa 1886 restaurant，afternoon wine，evening cordials and in-room soft drinks.”可知，在Wentworth Mansion可得到室内软饮料。故选A。 22．What do The Loutrel and Emeline have in common? A．They are located in a historic district. B．They offer a certain discount. C．They feature European breakfast. D．They offer the best food and wine. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据The Loutrel部分的“Offer code: ‘FoodWine’ —10% off with free parking，a welcome cocktail，European breakfast，and WiFi.”和Emeline部分的“Offer code: ‘CHS22’ —15% off room rate and a 25 dining credit(per stay)．”可知，这两家酒店的共同点是都有打折优惠。故选B。 23．In which part of a magazine can you most probably read this text? A．Science & Tech. B．Ecosystems & Environment. C．Life & Health. D．Travel & Leisure. 答案　D 解析　文章出处题。根据文章第一段“Kick off the fall season with us in Charleston，South Carolina on September 23rd & 24th! Gather Charleston will be a weekend event you don’t want to miss—celebrating delicious food，local culture，and Southern heritage.”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了四家不同的酒店，与旅行与休闲主题有关，最有可能出现在杂志的旅游与休闲部分。故选D。 B “I have cancer，” Mom said and held me in a tight hug.I could feel her chest shaking as she tried not to cry but failed. For all of my twenty-four years，my mom had been supportive.Strength and protection had always flowed from her to me.Now I knew it would have to flow the other way. Mom didn’t stay down for long.After the shock of breast-cancer，she armed herself with a notebook and a pen and a thousand questions for the doctors.She took notes on white blood cell counts and medications(药物) with long names as though she were studying for entrance exams into medical school.“The not-knowing is the worst，” she said. The operation was successful.The chemo(化疗) was the harder part.I went with Mom to every chemo treatment.She rarely complained，though her hair was gone and her toenails and fingernails fell out one by one.She joked that she could save money on nail polish and put it toward the doctor bills，even though she never wore nail polish.“Cancer can take my hair，my nails，my health，my very life.But it can’t take my smile，” Mom said. Mom learned to share her fears with me，and it formed an even deeper bond between us.Yet I am certain there were fears she didn’t share because she was still protecting me—worries she only shared with Dad.Even in the darkest hours，she would just joke about the cancer.Mom always said，“When you look your greatest fear in the eye and laugh at it，you take away some of its power.” Mom was one of the lucky ones.She did beat her cancer，though not without scars.From her，I’ve learned I may not get to choose what I face，but I do get to choose how I face it. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者的妈妈在与癌症作抗争的过程中保持积极乐观的心态，这对作者产生深远的影响。 24．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean? A．There were other ways to treat cancer. B．I should be the one being there for Mom. C．Mom had to stay stronger to beat cancer. D．Knowledge of cancer would be helpful. 答案　B 解析　句意理解题。根据第二段中“Strength and protection had always flowed from her to me.”可知，之前总是妈妈给予作者力量和保护，现在要反过来，轮到作者陪在妈妈身边，给予妈妈力量和保护。故选B。 25．Which of the following words can best describe Mom? A．Optimistic and determined. B．Considerate and ambitious. C．Humorous and generous. D．Caring and knowledgeable. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“She rarely complained”和倒数第二段中“Even...she would just joke about the cancer.”可知，妈妈很乐观；根据第三段中“She took notes on...as though she were studying for entrance exams into medical school.”和最后一段中“She did beat her cancer，though not without scars.”可以看出妈妈要战胜病魔的坚定决心。故选A。 26．Why didn’t Mom share all the fears with the author? A．She only shared with Dad. B．She would just joke about the cancer. C．She wanted to protect the author. D．She formed a deeper bond with the author. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Yet I am certain there were fears she didn’t share because she was still protecting me—worries she only shared with Dad.”可知，妈妈没有和作者分享所有的恐惧是为了保护作者。故选C。 27．What lesson did the author learn from Mom? A．Luck counts in beating diseases. B．Complaint does no good to one’s health. C．Sharing feelings helps reduce sufferings a lot. D．Positive attitudes get one through hardship. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“When you look your greatest fear in the eye and laugh at it，you take away some of its power.”和最后一段中“From her，I’ve learned I may not get to choose what I face，but I do get to choose how I face it.”可知，作者从妈妈身上学到了积极的心态使人渡过难关的道理。故选D。 C In Murchison Falls National Park in Uganda，a non-profit organization Snares to Wares is helping local craftsmen make a living through selling sculptures made from the wiring in the traps of poachers(偷猎者)．Located in northwest Uganda，the nation’s largest national park is a poaching hot spot，with the most common method being a wire snare(金属丝套)that closes around an animal’s foot. Most poaching is done for meat，as the communities surrounding the park are some of the poorest in the country，and most of the animals poached are smaller herbivores(食草动物)．Snares to Wares aids local people in developing their artists’ eye and crafters’ hand to weave hundreds of snares into wire sculptures of the park’s wildlife.The initiative was started by Tutilo Mudumba，a national geographic explorer，and Robert Montgomery，a wildlife ecologist at Michigan State University，and now has 620 craftsmen onboard，who sell on average about 800 sculptures a month. Mudumba was conducting research on the use and distribution of snares in the park some years ago when he came up with the idea.In an interview，he explained that for most of the poor villagers around the park，wildlife represents a threat.He was shocked to learn after starting Snares to Wares that many locals didn’t know what the animals in the park looked like，so he helped sponsor field trips into Murchison Falls.There the locals study the animals，see how they behave，and allow their inner artist to take shape as they observe the park’s lions，rhinos，elephants，buffalo，giraffes，leopards，warthogs，and more. Murchison Falls has experienced a dramatic recovery over the last decade，with a significant upgrade in the policing capabilities of rangers(护林员)，and the abilities of the medical units as well—all leading to a doubling of the herbivore numbers.Predator populations are also increasing with the conviction(定罪) rate of caught poachers at almost 97% due to another investment project in a wildlife legal department within the Ugandan Wildlife Authority. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了在乌干达的默奇森瀑布国家公园中，一个非营利组织Snares to Wares 正在帮助当地人使用偷猎者陷阱中的金属丝制作雕塑谋生。通过各种努力，该公园的状况也得到了很大程度的改善。 28．What can local people do with the help of Snares to Wares? A．Build more snares. B．Poach more animals. C．Make wire sculptures. D．Sponsor field trips. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Snares to Wares aids local people in developing their artists’ eye and crafters’ hand to weave hundreds of snares into wire sculptures of the park’s wildlife.”可知，Snares to Wares帮助当地人编织公园野生动物的金属丝雕塑。故选C。 29．Why did Mudumba do research in Murchison Falls National Park several years ago? A．To survey population distribution. B．To learn about traps. C．To make interviews with the poor. D．To study local animals. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Mudumba was conducting research on the use and distribution of snares in the park some years ago when he came up with the idea.”可知，多年前Mudumba到这个国家公园进行调查研究是为了了解偷猎陷阱的使用和分布状况。故选B。 30．What do the underlined words “inner artist” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Wildlife expert. B．Local artist. C．Infamous sculptor. D．Potential artistic talent. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前一句“在创立Snares to Wares后，他震惊地发现，许多当地人不知道公园里的动物长什么样，所以他发起了到默奇森瀑布国家公园的实地考察”和画线词所在句中“There the locals study the animals，see how they behave...”可知，许多当地人之前甚至不知道一些动物的模样，在有机会去观察动物的时候，他们编织野生动物金属丝雕塑的“艺术灵感”也随之产生了，所以猜测inner artist指“潜在的艺术天赋”。故选D。 31．Which of the following best describes the current Murchison Falls? A．Improving impressively. B．Heavily invested. C．Declining dramatically. D．Thinly populated. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Murchison Falls has experienced a dramatic recovery over the last decade，with a significant upgrade in the policing capabilities...wildlife legal department within the Ugandan Wildlife Authority.”可知，默奇森瀑布国家公园在过去十年经历了显著的复苏，巡查、救护能力提升，动物数量增加，由此可推知该公园的状况得到极大改善。故选A。 D In a series of studies，researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems. Researchers have discovered that one of the factors underlying this process may be persistence(坚持)．It involves reinforcement，the principle that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more frequent.The other side of this is extinction，which refers to the fact that behaviors that are not rewarded grow weaker and become less likely to appear.When extinction sets in，the animal will simply quit before the problem is solved.It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus have developed resistance to extinction，which would make them better problem solvers. In this recent study，the researchers looked at 26 adult dogs divided into two groups，“trained dogs” and “pet dogs”．There were two tasks that the dogs were tested on.One was a social learning task where the dog had to learn to look directly into the experimenter’s eyes.Every time the dog stared at the experimenter’s face，they received a treat(reinforcement)．Once the dogs were performing this task，the extinction stage began，and the staring behavior was no longer rewarded in order to see how persistent the newly learned behavior was. The second task focused on problem-solving.It involved a flat disk that had bone-shaped plastic bones.The dogs had to learn to remove the plastic bones to obtain the treat hiding under each one.After the series of rewarded trials，the extinction stage began，and no more reinforcements were provided for removing the bones. In the social learning task，the trained dogs gazed at the experimenters more than the pet dogs during extinction.While in the problem-solving task，the trained dogs picked up a larger number of bones during extinction.In other words，for dogs who had been trained，their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。研究发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功。这可能是因为训练有素的狗已经学会了坚持。 32．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By stating a fact. B．By raising a doubt. C．By making an assumption. D．By presenting a conclusion. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。第一段陈述了一项研究结果，即在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功，接着文章开始分析这一现象的原因。由此推知，作者是通过提出一个研究结论来引入文章主题的。故选D。 33．Which of the following can be seen as “reinforcement”？ A．Chaining a dog up while walking it every day. B．Giving a goat some grass every time it stands up. C．Putting a fish back into the pool every time it jumps out. D．Yelling at a cat every time it fails to catch a mouse. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“It involves reinforcement，the principle that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more frequent.”可知，“强化”是指行为在得到奖励后会变得更坚定和更频繁。由此推知，B项“每次山羊站起来的时候给它一些草”属于强化，故选B。 34．How can dogs benefit from training in the experiment? A．Their newly learned behaviors last longer. B．They can grow stronger than untrained dogs. C．They are more likely to live longer. D．They are better at helping their friends. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In other words，for dogs who had been trained，their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area.”可知，实验中接受过训练的狗的新学会的行为持续的时间更长。故选A。 35．Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A．How to Pick out a Suitable Pet Dog B．Why Persistent Dogs Make Better Pets C．Why Trained Dogs Solve Problems Better D．How Researchers Carry out Animal Experiments 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第二段中“It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus have developed resistance to extinction，which would make them better problem solvers.”可知，研究发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功，这可能是因为训练有素的狗已经学会了坚持。故C项最适合作文章标题。 第二节　(共5小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Asking for help can feel scary.We may worry that the request will be rejected or that it will be a burden to the helper. 36 And afterward，they often feel better about having helped than we expect. Scientists conducted a series of six experiments.Altogether，more than 2,100 people were involved in the research.In one experiment，participants had to ask strangers to take their photo at a public botanical garden.In another，participants answered questions about times when they had either asked for or given help.Researchers had the “askers” guess how the “helpers” might feel about the request. 37 In each experiment，people who asked for help underestimated the helpers’ willingness to assist and how good they would feel afterward. 38 However，only four out of 100 people refused to take the photo，and those who did take one said they felt relatively good about doing this helpful act for a stranger. 39 Aiding others can create what is known as a “helper’s high”，reducing stress and providing a sense of meaning and connection.“We feel good making a positive difference in other people’s lives，” said Xuan Zhao，co-author of the new study. Despite these benefits，the study authors said that askers’ fears functioned like “barriers”，stopping them from making a request.They noted that the type of request and cultural differences could affect the way people react.The study’s results suggest，however，that people are usually happy to lend a hand. 40 Zhao said this research should provide some reassurance because “you might be really underestimating how willing others are to help.” A．The askers expressed rather different opinions. B．Then they asked the helpers how they actually felt. C．Studies show that helping someone out makes both feel good. D．Past research has shown that doing kind acts can boost people’s health. E．But new research shows that people are more willing to help out than we think. F．Experts say that if asking for help feels uncomfortable，it can be useful to practice. G．For example，askers expected strangers to feel inconvenienced by a request to take a photo. 语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家们研究的结果表明，人们通常乐于对陌生人伸出援手。 36．答案　E 解析　由前文“We may worry that the request will be rejected or that it will be a burden to the helper.”和后文“And afterward，they often feel better about having helped than we expect.”可知，空格处的句子要与上文形成转折，且引出人们乐意帮助，E选项符合语境。故选E。 37．答案　B 解析　由前文“Researchers had the ‘askers’ guess how the ‘helpers’ might feel about the request.”可知，空格处的句子要与之承接，B选项继续说明实验过程，“帮助者的真实感受”与前文求助者猜测帮助者的感受相呼应，符合语境。故选B。 38．答案　G 解析　由前文“In each experiment，people who asked for help underestimated the helpers’ willingness to assist and how good they would feel afterward.”和后文“However，only four out of 100 people refused to take the photo，and those who did take one said they felt relatively good about doing this helpful act for a stranger.”可知，空格处的句子承上启下，G选项举例说明求助者如何低估了人们的帮助意愿，符合语境。故选G。 39．答案　D 解析　由后文“Aiding others can create what is known as a ‘helper’s high’，reducing stress and providing a sense of meaning and connection.”可知，空格处的句子涉及助人有利于健康，D选项引出下文，符合语境。故选D。 40．答案　F 解析　由最后一段首句“Despite these benefits，the study authors said that askers’ fears functioned like ‘barriers’， stopping them from making a request.”和后文“Zhao said this research should provide some reassurance because ‘you might be really underestimating how willing others are to help.’”可知，本段主要与求助者的恐惧以及如何克服恐惧相关，F选项符合语境。故选F。 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节　(共15 小题；每小题1分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Edmond was a school bus driver for 22 years.One morning，the rain pouring down，he and the bus monitor Valentine were called to 41 a student who missed the bus.What 42 them was that the student didn’t turn up when they reached the specified place. Edmond and Valentine didn’t expect they had a larger 43 to achieve.Just around the corner，they found two children 44 in the rushing floodwaters.The boy and the girl were struggling to hold onto a 45 to avoid being swept away. Edmond and Valentine couldn’t 46 to save them，but neither could swim.Jumping into action meant putting their own 47 on the line.Since the bus was for special needs children，it was 48 with removable seat belts.They got a(n) 49 .Immediately they tied the seat belts together so as to 50 the children. Close by neighbors additionally got here to 51 ，and the group made combined efforts to 52 the boy and the girl from the tree.They created a human chain and 53 the tied belts out until Edmond got a firm hold on the children and pulled them to safety. The two children were 54 of Edmond，giving him a big hug.Surrounding them，everyone present was filled with happiness，though wet all over.This great rescue operation went viral on social media and drew praise for their 55 from all quarters. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了校车司机爱德蒙和监督员瓦伦丁在大雨倾盆的早上救出被洪水围困的两个孩子的故事。 41．A.look after B．send for C．pick up D．call on 答案　C 解析　look after照顾；send for召唤，派人去请；pick up(开车)接；call on号召。根据上文“Edmond was a school bus driver”和下文“What them was that the student didn’t turn up when they reached the specified place.”可知，爱德蒙和瓦伦丁被要求去接一个错过公交车的学生。故选C。 42．A.bored B．discouraged C．excited D．impressed 答案　B 解析　bore使厌烦；discourage使沮丧；excite使激动；impress使印象深刻。根据上文“the rain pouring down”和下文“the student didn’t turn up when they reached the specified place”可知，那天早上大雨倾盆，他们专门去接那名学生，但学生却没有出现，这让他们很沮丧。故选B。 43．A.dream B．goal C．success D．mission 答案　D 解析　goal目标；success成功；mission使命，任务。根据下文可知，爱德蒙和瓦伦丁在洪水中救出被困的孩子，这是一个更大的任务。故选D。 44．A.diving B．playing C．stuck D．prepared 答案　C 解析　be stuck in被困住，陷入。根据下文“The boy and the girl were struggling to hold onto a to avoid being swept away.”可知，两个孩子被困在汹涌的洪水中。故选C。 45．A.tree B．belt C．seat D．bus 答案　A 解析　根据第四段中“the group made combined efforts to the boy and the girl from the tree”可知，此处指男孩和女孩挣扎着抓住一棵树。故选A。 46．A.offer B．wait C．pretend D．long 答案　B 解析　根据语境和常识可知，当时情况危急，所以爱德蒙和瓦伦丁迫不及待地想救他们。can’t wait to do sth意为“迫不及待地做某事”。 故选B。 47．A.lives B．future C．jobs D．family 答案　A 解析　根据上文“but neither could swim”可知，他们都不会游泳，在如此危急的情况下直接下水救人肯定意味着将自己的生命置于危险之中。故选A。 48．A.covered B．decorated C．filled D．equipped 答案　D 解析　decorate装饰；equip配备。根据上文“Since the bus was for special needs children”可知，此处指它配备了可拆卸的安全带。故选D。 49．A.suggestion B．idea C．belief D．conclusion 答案　B 解析　suggestion建议；belief信念；conclusion结论。根据下文“Immediately they tied the seat belts together so as to the children.”可知，“他们立即把安全带系在一起，以便够到孩子”是他们想到的主意。故选B。 50．A.lock B．search C．reach D．hang 答案　C 解析　reach到达，够得着；hang悬挂。根据句中“they tied the seat belts together”可知，他们把安全带系在一起是为了够到孩子们。故选C。 51．A.assist B．cheer C．respond D．watch 答案　A 解析　assist帮助；cheer欢呼；respond回应。根据下文“the group made combined efforts”可知，附近的邻居们也来到这里帮忙。故选A。 52．A.protect B．tell C．tear D．free 答案　D 解析　free释放，使解脱。根据上文“The boy and the girl were struggling to hold onto a to avoid being swept away.”可知，两个孩子之前挣扎着抓住一棵树，此处指他们努力把两个孩子从树上解救出来。故选D。 53．A.extended B．pushed C．threw D．kicked 答案　A 解析　extend延伸；push推；kick踢。根据语境可知，他们形成了一条人链，把系好的安全带伸出去救两个孩子。故选A。 54．A.proud B．appreciative C．fond D．tired 答案　B 解析　appreciative感激的；fond喜爱的；tired厌烦的。根据下文“giving him a big hug”以及常识可知，孩子被营救出来，肯定心存感激。故选B。 55．A.attitude B．description C．action D．fortune 答案　C 解析　attitude态度；description描述；action行动；fortune运气。根据上文可知，爱德蒙和瓦伦丁以及附近的邻居们共同努力将男孩和女孩从树上解救出来，所以这是一次救援行动。故选C。 第二节　(共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A black slate(石板)，an alloy steel needle and decades of practice are 56. Li Yahua needs to create the perfect Huihe stone shadow carving work of art.With her left hand 57._____________(gentle) leaning against the mirror-like stone to support the heavy chisel(凿子) she’s holding in her right hand，the artist creates a black-and-white landscape by intensively chiseling dots in various sizes and density on the stone. 58． (difference) from traditional Chinese art types that emphasize the beauty of lines，stone shadow carving highlights the size and 59. (deep) of dots. “We use an alloy steel needle to chisel white dots to create images on a polished and smooth black slate，” Li explained，adding the pressure 60. (use) to chisel them was the key to getting the carving right. “On an A4-paper-size black slate，we need to chisel about 100 million dots 61. (create) an image，” she continued，adding it would take 7 to 20 days to complete the work depending on its level of complexity. Born into a family of stone carvers，stone and alloy steel needles 62. (be) Li’s best friends since childhood and the sound of chisel 63. (knock) on the slate is the soundtrack to her life.64. 56-year-old lady has devoted nearly 40 years to the craft.For her，shadow carving is about preserving history，culture and art,65. recording the stories of the times. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“惠和影雕”传承人李雅华的故事。 56．答案　what 解析　考查表语从句。该空引导表语从句，从句中needs缺少宾语，意为“……的东西”，用连接代词what。故填what。 57．答案　gently 解析　考查副词。副词gently作状语，修饰动词短语leaning against。故填gently。 58．答案　Different 解析　考查形容词。different from不同于。此处为形容词短语作状语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Different。 59．答案　depth 解析　考查名词。the size and (deep) of dots是名词所有格结构。故填depth。 60．答案　used 解析　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语the pressure和非谓语动词use是被动关系，use用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填used。 61．答案　to create 解析　考查非谓语动词。create用不定式作目的状语。故填to create。 62．答案　have been 解析　考查动词时态及主谓一致。since ＋过去时间点，谓语动词用现在完成时，主语stone and alloy steel needles为复数，谓语用复数形式。故填have been。 63．答案　knocking 解析　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语the sound of chisel和非谓语动词knock之间是主动关系，knock用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填knocking。 64．答案　The 解析　考查定冠词。特指“56岁的李雅华女士”，用定冠词the；位于句首，首字母应大写。故填The。 65．答案　and 解析　考查并列连词。preserving history，culture and art和recording the stories of the times是并列关系，用并列连词。故填and。 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节　(满分15分) 你校英文报“科学园地”栏目举行征文活动，请你以“一位中国科学家”为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1．科学家生平及贡献； 2．影响及启示。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．题目已为你写好。 A Scientist in China 参考范文 A Scientist in China The scientist in China who impresses me most is Yuan Longping，the “father of hybrid rice”． As one of China’s most famous scientists，Yuan devoted himself to studying agriculture.His hybrid strains have helped feed not just China，but many other countries that depend on rice as well.He received numerous awards，but he cared little for celebrity or money.Instead，he made large donations to support agricultural research. Yuan’s great contributions to human beings and his noble personality impress me deeply，which will motivate me to be excellent. 第二节　(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was eating breakfast at home in Hampshire in March this year，scrolling(滚屏) through social media on my phone，when a story caught my eye.It was about a nine-year-old dog，Charlie，nicknamed the loneliest in Britain.He had been in a rescue center in Somerset for more than 500 days. For some reason，nobody wanted to adopt him.I clicked on the link and right away Charlie’s huge，sad eyes stared back at me.I was attracted by him.I turned to my husband，Sam，and said，“We’ve got to have him.” He read the article over my shoulder and felt exactly the same way.We wanted to give Charlie a happy home and a new life.Over the past few years we have tried to adopt a few different dogs，but we haven’t had any luck—we were never top of the list.Sam and I got used to filling in forms and not hearing anything.We’d almost given up hope. But Charlie is an older dog and we felt we’d be suited—even older dogs have a lot of love left to offer.So we took our time with the application，sent photographs of our house and garden.We explained why Charlie would be happy with us，and then forgot all about it. A few days later we received an email from Brent Knoll animal center，saying we’d been shortlisted.We were so amazed! They asked us to visit Charlie and to see if he liked us.When we arrived，we were taken to the staff room.We didn’t know what to expect.We hadn’t been told much about Charlie’s circumstances，but as he had been given up for adoption and hadn’t been placed with a new owner for so long，we thought there might be issues.But the dog was full of joy and charisma(魅力)． 注意： 续写词数应为150个左右。 He came straight over to us，all curious. Day after day，we occupied ourselves in Charlie’s company. 参考范文 He came straight over to us，all curious.With his tail wagging，he sniffed us carefully.Seeing this，I felt seized by a wave of excitement mixed with nervousness，and my palms sweated.Contrary to what we had imagined，Charlie was so energetic that he jumped on my husband’s knees with eyes twinkling with joy.I held him in my arms，and giggled in satisfaction.Instinctively，he barked and licked my face.“He’s just what I want！” I cried and brought him home. Day after day，we occupied ourselves in Charlie’s company.During the day，he played his ball with us and enjoyed the sun in the garden.My husband would sit on the chair and picture his back time while Charlie was always next to him.In the evenings，he slept quietly on the carpet.The dim light was on; the whole room was filled with warmth and love.We knew then that love can melt his loneliness. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $