UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1 Teachers（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（北师大版）

Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1　Teachers Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．A good teacher is someone who is devoted not in but after class. B．A student at senior high school usually meets some challenges. C．With the help of teachers，students can find out their strengths. D．A student at senior high school can turn to his teacher for help. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 My Teacher (by Graham) Subject Mr Jenkins taught 1.science. Teaching method Mr Jenkins made his class interesting by using 2.practical examples and 3.simple language. Influence on me He helped me build up my 4.confidence. My Student (by Mr Jenkins) Graham’s changes A 5.difficult student with bad 6.behaviour→doing 7.well in science subjects Attitude towards students There is no such thing as 8.a good or a bad student. Beliefs in teaching Being a teacher is that you have 9.access to children’s minds when they are 10.open and 11.eager to learn. Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What made Graham build up his confidence? A．His brightness. B．Mr Jenkins’ words. C．His good grades. D．His presentation to the class. 答案　D 2．What is important in educating students according to Mr Jenkins? A．Forcing them to study. B．Encouraging them to perform well at school. C．Finding out their own interest. D．Asking them to get along well with others. 答案　C 3．What can we know from the two texts? A．Graham had always been interested in science. B．Graham’s job now is to explain science to an audience. C．Mr Jenkins has done well with all his students. D．Mr Jenkins feels tired of his job because it is stressful. 答案　B 4．Which of the following can best describe Mr Jenkins? A．Caring and passionate. B．Helpful and stubborn. C．Creative and gifted. D．Generous and charming. 答案　A Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Before Graham went to Mr Jenkins’ class，science had simply been a subject 1.that/which was boring and difficult.He was even famous for bad 2.behavio(u)r(behave)．Mr Jenkins still remembers the first day Graham went into his class，he 3.was dragging(drag) his schoolbag behind him and looking 4.bored(bore)，but as soon as Mr Jenkins set up 5.an experiment，Graham gave 6.his(he) full attention.Graham was a bright student but his problem was that he lacked confidence.It was Mr Jenkins who made him feel that he had his own 7.strengths(strength)．Now，Graham is a successful person 8.explaining(explain) science to an audience.From Graham’s example，Mr Jenkins realizes that it is important to find out 9.what strengths are for each student.He is 10.firmly(firm) convinced that he has chosen a job with a lot of stress but he loves what he does and thinks what he is doing is worthwhile. 1．The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees！(P8 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为复合句，其中 I can remember from school maths为省略that 的定语从句，后面that引导表语从句。 汉语翻译：我唯一还记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度。 2．But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins’ class，I really became interested in a subject for the first time.(P8 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为复合句。其中when引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：但是在我15岁那年，我走进了詹金斯先生的课堂，第一次对一个学科真正产生了兴趣。 3．I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket，and then another student lit a match to set(set) it off.(P8 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为并列复合句，and连接前后两个分句表示并列关系。其中that引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：我记得他让我把燃料倒进火箭，然后另一名学生点燃了一根火柴发射火箭。 4．That was really the first time I tried to explain science to an audience and now it’s my job! (P8 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为并列复合句，由and连接两个并列分句。I tried to...audience为省略关系词的定语从句。 汉语翻译：这是我第一次尝试向观众讲解科学知识，现在这成了我的工作！ 5．Often when I’m preparing a programme，I think about how Mr Jenkins would have done(do) it.(P8 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为复合句。其中when引导时间状语从句，how引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：在准备一个项目时，我经常会想如果是詹金斯先生，他会怎么做。 6．Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage! (P9 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为复合句，句中含有catch sb doing sth结构，who引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛，看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远。 7．However，I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham.(P9 Para.2) 结构分析： 此句为复合句，as well as 引导比较状语从句。 汉语翻译： 不过，并不是每一个学生我能都像教格雷厄姆那么成功。 8．I think it’s important to understand(understand) that there’s no such thing as a good or a bad student.(P9 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为复合句。think后是省略that的宾语从句，在该从句中，it是形式主语；空后的that引导的是宾语从句；such...as...是固定结构。 汉语翻译：我认为重要的是要知道没有所谓的好学生或者坏学生。 9．The thing about being(be) a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.(P9 Para.3) 结构分析： 此句为复合句，句中that引导表语从句，when引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译： 做教师意味着，你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候，走进他们的心灵。 lack vi.& vt.缺乏；不足 n．缺乏；短缺的东西 (lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的) •(a) lack of缺少…… for/through lack of因缺少…… •be lacking in在……方面缺乏 (1)My nephew is extremely lacking(lack) in confidence，so he can’t serve as the host for the English Evening. (2)For lack of a sense of humour and passion，Mrs Grace felt nervous for the coming party in her new company. [写作佳句] (3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)尽管他们缺乏烹饪经验，双胞胎仍然满怀期待地为妈妈准备一顿特别好的早餐。 ①Although they lacked cooking experience，the twins still prepared an incredible breakfast for their mother with great expectations.(lack v．) ②Lacking cooking experience，the twins still prepared an incredible breakfast for their mother with great expectations.(分词作状语) used to do sth 过去常常做某事 •be used to doing sth习惯于做某事 •be used to do sth被用来做某事 (1)Honestly speaking，I am not used to eating(eat) onions though they are good for health. (2)The reason why we call it the Amber Room is that much amber was used to make(make) it. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之感谢信)我曾经麻烦你为我做很多事情，但你从来没有对我不耐烦。 I used to trouble you to do many things for me，but you were never impatient with me. access n．(使用或见到的)权利，机会；通道 vt.进入；使用(accessible adj.可接近的；可使用的) •have/get/obtain/gain access to拥有/获得……的机会；可以接近/进入 give access to准许进入(接近) •be accessible to可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的 (1)Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by giving access to online reading at a library branch. (2)The good news is that the park is totally accessible(access) to people with disabilities. [写作佳句] (3)(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)在小组学习室，你可以使用免费Wi-Fi，这方便你做报告。 In the group study room，you can access/get access to free Wi-Fi，making it convenient for you to give a presentation. worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得的；重要的；有益的 •worthwhile既可作表语，也可作定语，表示某事因为重要、有趣或有意义而值得去花时间、金钱或精力。作表语时，常用句型：It is worthwhile doing/to do sth。 •worth表示“值得……”时，后接名词、代词、动名词(主动形式表示被动含义)；表示“价值……”时，后接表示钱数或类似的词语。常构成短语be worth＋名词，be worth doing sth。 •worthy在句中可作表语和定语。常用短语：be worthy of＋n./being done，be worthy＋to be done。 (1)It is worthwhile doing/to do(do) some voluntary work to enrich your life experience as well as help others. [写作佳句] (2)(应用文写作之建议信)黄山风景如画，非常值得一游。 ①With its picturesque scenery，Mount Huang is well worth visiting/a visit.(worth) ②With its picturesque scenery，Mount Huang is well worthy of being visited/a visit/to be visited.(worthy) if only 引导的虚拟条件句 Sometimes I think，if only I could call him and ask for his opinion！(P8 Para.3) 有时我甚至想，如果能打电话征求他的意见就好了！ 结构分析：此句为复合句，句中if only引导虚拟条件句。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— •if only...意为“要是……就好了”，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。 if only...did...表示与现在事实相反的愿望。 if only...had done...表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 if only...would/could do...表示与将来事实相反的愿望。 •only if意为“只要；只有”，引导条件状语从句。only if位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)我感到很难过、很沮丧，心里想：“现在要是有人帮帮我就好了。” I feel upset and depressed，thinking about，“If only someone helped me at the moment.” (2)(读后续写之后悔心理描写)“要是我在课堂上不经常分心就好了。只有我全身心投入到学习中，我才能赶上我的同学。”简心想，悔恨的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。 “If only I had not been constantly distracted in class.Only if I am devoted to my studies can I keep up with my classmates，” Jane thought，tears of regret flowing down her cheeks. the first day... 用作连词，引导时间状语从句 The first day he walked into my class，he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored，but as soon as I set up an experiment to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion，he gave me his full attention.(P9 Para.1) 他第一次走进我的班级时，他的书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子。但当我用酸和洋葱做一个展示人类的胃是如何运作的实验时，他全神贯注。 结构分析：此句为并列复合句，由but连接两个并列分句。第一个分句中The first day引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中as soon as引导时间状语从句，其中how引导宾语从句。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— ·The first day用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一天……时”。 ·引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有：the first time，every time，each time，the last time，the moment，the minute等，它们起从属连词的作用。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)(应用文写作之毕业致辞)当我第一次进入学校时，我就爱上了学校里的一切。 The first time I came into the school，I fell in love with everything of it. (2)(读后续写之人物描写)作为一个外向的女孩，每次和别人说话，她都会自信地表达自己，开心地笑。 As an outgoing girl，every/each time she talks to others，she expresses herself confidently and laughs happily. (3)我一看到那个男孩，就想起他的不良行为曾引起了很大的麻烦。 The moment/minute I saw the boy，I thought of his bad behaviour which had caused much trouble. 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并回答其后的问题。 I usually get to school early but yesterday was an exception.By the time I got up，my father had gone into the bathroom，so I had to wait.Then，I had a quick breakfast and ran to the bus stop.Unluckily，when I got there，the bus had just left.How upset I was！I had no choice but to walk to school.As a result，hardly had I run into my classroom when the bell rang.I decided that I must have my old bike repaired in case such things happened again. 以上短文中黑体部分都用了过去完成时态，其构成是had＋过去分词，表示该动作发生在过去的过去。 过去完成时 一、概念 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。 二、过去完成时的构成形式 1．肯定句：主语＋had＋动词的过去分词＋其他 The fire had come about before the couple came back.这对夫妇回来之前火灾就已经发生了。 2．否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词的过去分词＋其他 When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn’t seen for years. 沿街散步时，我偶然遇见了大卫，我已经有好几年没见过他了。 3．一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn’t. —Had you organized similar activities before you participated in the activity? —Yes，I had./No，I hadn’t. ——在参加这项活动之前你组织过类似的活动吗？ ——是的，我组织过。/没有，我以前没组织过。 4．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(或词组)＋had＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其他？ Where had you been before you came to China for a visit？你来中国参观之前还去过哪儿？ 三、过去完成时的常见用法 1．表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或者完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。也可以表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态。句中的时间状语可以用by，before，until，when等引出或者用一个过去的动作来表示，还可以通过上下文来表示。 By the end of last year he had run out of all the money inherited from his father. 到去年年底，他已花光了从他父亲那里继承的所有钱。 The girl had disappeared in a flash before he could utter a single word. 他还没来得及说一句话，那女孩就立刻不见了。 2．表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如：hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend等)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的愿望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。 I had meant to tell Mike the good news，but I found that he wasn’t at home. 我本打算把这个好消息告诉迈克，但发现他不在家。 3．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中表示从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。 I told him I had graduated from college with a degree in computer science. 我告诉他我大学毕业了，获得了计算机科学学位。 四、过去完成时在固定句式中的运用 1．过去完成时可以用于hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...句型中，表示“一……就……”。 Hardly had he known what happened when the audience broke in and interrupted him. 他刚知道发生了什么事，观众就闯进来打断了他。 2．在“It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that...”句式中，that后的从句用过去完成时，表示“某人第几次做某事”。 It was the second time that he had travelled along the ancient Silk Road. 这是他第二次沿着古丝绸之路旅行。 3．在“It was＋一段时间＋since...”句式中，从句用过去完成时。 It was almost ten years since he had made a documentary to retell the history of the Palace Museum in detail. 从他制作一部纪录片来详细地重新讲述故宫博物院的历史以来，已经快十年了。 五、疑难辨析 1．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常与具体的表过去的时间状语连用(如：ago，yesterday，last week等)。 过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在“过去的过去”。也可以表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，如： Alex finished his studies in 2020. 亚历克斯在2020年结束了他的学业。 By the time Alex finished his studies in 2020，he had been in London for over eight years. 亚历克斯在2020年结束他的学业时，他已经在伦敦待了8年多了。 2．现在完成时和过去完成时的区别 现在完成时指动作发生在过去，但与现在有关系，常与since或者“for＋一段时间”连用。 过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两个动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”。如： The company has a growing market because it has extended its operations into Europe recently. 该公司的市场不断扩大，因为它最近将其业务扩展到了欧洲。 The company had a growing market because it had extended its operations into Europe. 该公司的市场不断扩大，因为它将其业务扩展到了欧洲。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．She had finished(finish) reading the four great classics of China before going to middle school. 2．That was the first time I had experienced(experience) sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again. 3．My nephew had learned/learnt(learn) about 4,000 English words by the end of last term. 4．The famous host said with excitement that he had seen(see) the film before. 5．It was almost five years since we had bought (buy) that little house for our grandmother. 6．When Jack arrived，he learned Mary had been (be) away for almost an hour. 7．However，thanks to the international agreement，there has been(be) much less illegal hunting since 1980. 8．The moment I got(get) home，I found I had left my jacket on the playground. 9．Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected(expect)，he examined the previous work again. 10．It was the third time that he had brought(bring) his life dream into reality. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．为了丰富我们的学校生活，上个月我们学校举行了一场运动会。 In order to enrich our school life，a sports meeting was held in our school last month. 2．比赛之前我们的体育老师在课内外训练我们。 Before the competition，our PE teacher had trained us in and out of class. 3．放学后当其他同学玩耍时，我们正在操场上努力练习跑步。 When the other students played after school，we were practising running hard on the playground. 4．我们所有人都坚持完成了比赛，并获得了第一名。 All of us stuck to finishing our competition and got first place. 5．这是我们第一次获得第一名。 It was the first time that we had got first place. 6．我们非常高兴，因为我们之前从未取得过这么好的成绩。 We were extremely delighted，because we had not achieved such a good result before. Ⅲ.阅读下面短文，根据语境填空 When I was seven years old，I 1.performed(perform) for the first time in a musical，for which I 2.had practiced(practice) for weeks.I waited anxiously and eventually came my turn.However，hardly 3.had(have) I stepped on the stage when I noticed that there was something wrong with the microphone.Fortunately，one work staff also realized the problem and quickly 4.settled(settle) the problem，ensuring the musical went smoothly，which made me extremely grateful.It is almost ten years since it 5.happened(happen)，but I still remember it clearly. 训练3　Lesson 1(A) [分值：52分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分) 1．His presentation failed to interest me for lack of passion. 2．The computer classroom is not accessible(access) to students except when we are having a computer class. 3．It is worthwhile spending/to spend(spend) some time reading English classics. 4．When hearing the good news of the huge sale，hundreds of people poured into the supermarket. 5．I used to hear(hear) about his bad behaviour when he was a junior high school student. 6．Only a minority of students want to escape taking responsibility for their own behavio(u)r(behave)． 7．Standing on the platform for the first time，she found scores of arrows piercing her chest. 8．Every morning the host finds it hard to drag(drag) himself out of bed. Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分) 1．她第一天来到我们学校时，就因为太想家而哭了。(the first day作连词) The first day she came to our school，she was so homesick that she cried. 2．缺乏自信使她很难适应新学校。(n.lack) Lack of confidence made it difficult for her to adapt to the new school. 3．多亏了技术，她可以迅速获得信息，这对她来说是一种安慰。(have access to) Thanks to technology，she could have access to the information swiftly，which was a comfort for her. 4．此外，我们学校的图书馆自习室也是值得体验的。(It is worthwhile doing/to do...) Besides，it is worthwhile experiencing/to experience the self-study room in our school library as well. 5．她想，要是早些听从了她父亲的建议就好了。(if only...) She thought if only she had followed her father’s advice earlier. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 参考范文 Nancy transferred to our school last month.The first day she came to our school，she was so homesick that she cried.Lack of confidence made it difficult for her to adapt to the new school.Thanks to technology，she could have access to the information swiftly，which was a comfort for her.Besides，it is worthwhile experiencing/to experience the self-study room in our school library as well.Her father always advised her to bravely explore the new school.She thought if only she had followed her father’s advice earlier. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) When I was in the fifth grade，my teachers first discovered that I could not even read the first grade books.They didn’t think this kind of problem could happen to me since my father was a famous scientist.My parents sent me to experts，trying to find out what the problem was.My IQ was high，but I had severe problems in learning.They discovered that I was dyslexic(诵读困难的)．I was lucky that my parents cared enough to find a way out for me. When my parents went to Ford Country Day School and sat down with Brent，a teacher in the school，he agreed to help without thinking twice.My family was not rich and I was allowed to go to school free of charge because my mother drove some students to school in the morning in her car.I do know，however，without Brent reaching out to my family，my life would have taken a turn for the worst.Brent and my parents decided to have me retake the fifth grade in the next school year. I was afraid of going to school with my difficulties in learning，but Brent’s kind and loving support helped me slowly learn to grow and overcome my learning disability.Ford Country Day School has become the most important turning point in my life.The foundation that Brent gave me has in many ways set my direction in life. I went to Japan to live with my brother for one year right out of Ford Country Day School.I was in an international school in Tokyo.If I had not had the experience in Ford Country Day School，I would not have been able to survive in Japan.I count myself as one of the truly lucky people having been touched by Brent’s care and love. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在五年级时发现诵读困难，但他得到了老师布伦特的帮助和支持并最终克服困难，为此作者十分感激。 1．What’s the problem with the author? A．He had trouble in learning. B．His parents didn’t care about him. C．He didn’t like going to school. D．The experts were unwilling to help him. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“When I was in the fifth grade，my teachers first discovered that I could not even read the first grade books.”和“They discovered that I was dyslexic(诵读困难的)．”可知，作者在学习上遇到了困难。故选A。 2．Why did the author go to school for free? A．His family was very poor. B．His mother sent some students to school. C．His IQ was quite high. D．His father was a famous scientist. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“My family was not rich and I was allowed to go to school free of charge because my mother drove some students to school in the morning in her car.”可知，作者能免费上学是因为他妈妈送一些学生去上学。故选B。 3．What does the underlined word “overcome” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Be responsible for. B．Get used to. C．Get over. D．Write down. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“helped me slowly learn to grow”可知，布伦特的帮助是有作用的，结合“my learning disability”可推知，作者最终“克服”了学习障碍。画线词与get over同义，意为“克服”。故选C。 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To share his learning methods. B．To give a high praise for his parents. C．To express his thanks to Brent. D．To introduce Ford Country Day School. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。通读全文，结合第二段中“I do know，however，without Brent reaching out to my family，my life would have taken a turn for the worst.”和最后一段末句“I count myself as one of the truly lucky people having been touched by Brent’s care and love.”可推知，作者撰文回忆老师布伦特对自己的帮助和支持，是为了表达对布伦特的感激之情。故选C。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) A statue of Petofi stands in the square in front of Lu Xun Museum in Shanghai,1.__________(welcome) millions of visitors for the traditional friendship between China and Hungary.2. time went by，there was an increasing interest in learning the Chinese language in Hungary. A 19-year-old Hungary girl，Varge Bonita，whose Chinese name is Hu Lingyue,3. (travel) thousands of miles to the East and settled down in Beijing for her university life in the hope of knowing more about China.She 4. (fall) in love with Chinese，a language with 5._________________special tone and beautiful handwriting，before she first came to China at the age of ten.For her，learning Chinese is not just about mastering a language，but providing access 6._____________Chinese history of 5,000 years with so many interesting aspects.With the 7.____________(popular) of Chinese in Hungary，signs in Chinese have been more and more 8._______(common) seen in streets and Chinese characters are most likely to 9. (spot) on bus tickets selling machines. Cultural exchanges and mutual learning between China and Hungary have brought people closer and closer.The horizon is vast.There are 10. (end) possibilities which have not been explored. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍匈牙利女孩学习汉语的经历，进而说明汉语在匈牙利普及的现状。 1．答案　welcoming 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中有谓语stands，空格处在句中作非谓语，与主语statue(雕塑)之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词在句中作状语。故填welcoming。 2．答案　As 解析　考查连词。由空后内容可知，此处意为“随着时间的流逝”，应用连词as引导时间状语从句。位于句首时首字母大写。故填As。 3．答案　travel(l)ed 解析　考查动词时态。主语是A 19-year-old Hungary girl，根据后面的and settled可推知，此处使用一般过去时。故填travel(l)ed。 4．答案　had fallen 解析　考查动词时态。根据句中时间状语before she first came to China at the age of ten可知，该句陈述的动作发生在“过去的过去”，因此需使用过去完成时。故填had fallen。 5．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。此处指“一种声调”，表示泛指，special为辅音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词a进行修饰。故填a。 6．答案　to 解析　考查介词。由句意可知，此处是固定短语access to，意为“接近；接触……的机会”。故填to。 7．答案　popularity 解析　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处定冠词the后接名词。故填popularity。 8．答案　commonly 解析　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处可使用副词在句中作状语修饰seen。故填commonly。 9．答案　be spotted 解析　考查非谓语动词和被动语态。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语be likely to do sth，意为“很可能做某事”，Chinese characters与spot(发现)之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此需使用被动语态。故填be spotted。 10．答案　endless 解析　考查形容词。根据空后“possibilities which have not been explored”可知还有很多可能性，即“无限的”。故填endless。 训练4　Lesson 1(B) [分值：35分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Way back in 1953，high school looked like a big hurdle(障碍)for me and several of my classmates.When we reached the 9th class，we got Mr Iyer，a strict maths teacher who was also our class teacher.He always stuck to his discipline.We had to arrive on time，pay undivided attention to his lectures，and dared not neglect any of his homework. Even so，as our class teacher，we got to know him better.Noticing some of us fidgeting one day as the mid-term exams approached，he stopped solving a mathematical problem to ask us why.“There’s too much to do，” we sighed.“We’re afraid we’ll never manage to finish our review before the exam.” “Nothing is impossible，” Mr Iyer told us.“This classroom is on the second floor.Do you have a problem reaching here？” We reacted with blank stares. “No，you don’t！” he said，answering his own question.“You have a staircase to help you climb up to this level.No one expect you to make it in two giant leaps—You simply take one step at a time.Any task can be solved if you focus on the immediate action to be taken.The rest will take care of itself，if you keep at it.One step at a time，that’s the secret.” Then he wrote down an old motto on the blackboard：“The longest journey starts with a single step.” But having heard his staircase analogy (比拟)，we saw him in a new light. Most of my classmates scored distinctions in maths.And I went on to become an English teacher.To this day，whenever I pass on Mr Iyer’s invaluable advice to my own students，they brighten up at the prospect of a lighter academic burden. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者高中时候的班主任艾耶先生给学生们提供了宝贵的建议——要一步一步地付诸行动，这样才可以完成任务。 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Maths was difficult to most of the author’s classmates. B．The students thought Mr Iyer was not a good teacher. C．Mr Iyer was serious about his job and strict with the students. D．Mr Iyer would punish the students neglecting his discipline. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三、四句可知，艾耶先生对自己的工作认真，对学生要求严格。故选C项。 2．What does the underlined word “fidgeting” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Excited. B．Nervous. C．Hardworking. D．Calm. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中“he stopped solving a mathematical problem to ask us why.‘There’s too much to do，’ we sighed.‘We’re afraid we’ll never manage to finish our review before the exam.’”可推知，老师注意到学生们在考试临近的时候紧张焦虑，询问学生为什么，可推测画线单词表示“紧张焦虑的”，与nervous同义。故选B项。 3．What does the staircase analogy tell us? A．One can reach his goals in a giant leap. B．Goals can be reached step by step. C．There is only one step between success and failure. D．Tasks can be solved under the guidance of the teacher. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中“You have a staircase to help...You simply take one step at a time.”以及“One step at a time，that’s the secret.”可知，楼梯的类比告诉我们，目标需要一步一步地实现。故选B项。 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．Mr Iyer is a strict and cool teacher. B．Mr Iyer leaves an invaluable advice to us. C．It’s vital to master the method of learning. D．It’s necessary to work hard to prepare for the exam. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。根据最后一段“To this day，whenever I pass on Mr Iyer’s invaluable advice to my own students，they brighten up at the prospect of a lighter academic burden.”以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者高中时候的班主任艾耶先生给学生们提供了宝贵的建议——要一步一步地付诸行动，这样才可以完成任务。故选B项。 B Teens who have good，supportive relationships with their teachers enjoy better health as adults，according to research published by an American research center. “This research suggests that improving students’ relationships with teachers could have positive and long-lasting effects beyond just academic success，” said Jinho Kim，a professor at Korea University and author of the study.“It could also bring about health implications in the long run.” Previous research has suggested that teens’ social relationships might be linked to health outcomes in adulthood.However，it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal(因果的)—it could be that other factors，such as different family backgrounds，might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and poor health in adulthood.Also，most research has focused on teens’ relationships with their peers(同龄人)，rather than on their relationships with teachers. To explore those questions further，Kim analyzed data on nearly 20,000 participants from the Add Health study，a national study in the U．S.that followed participants from seventh grade into early adulthood.The participant pool included more than 3,400 pairs of siblings(兄弟姐妹)．As teens，participants answered questions，like “How often have you had trouble getting along with other students and your teachers？” As adults，participants were asked about their physical and mental health. Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s.However，when he controlled for family background by looking at pairs of siblings together，only the link between good teacher relationships and adult health remained significant. The results suggest teacher relationships are more important than previously realized and that schools should invest in training teachers on how to build warm and supportive relationships with their students.“This is not something that most teachers receive much training in，” Kim said，“but it should be.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了根据美国研究中心发表的一项研究发现，与老师有良好的支持型关系的青少年成年后健康状况更好。 5．What does the underlined word “implications” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Recipes. B．Habits. C．Benefits. D．Risks. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。画线词上文提到改善师生关系在除了学业成就以外的其他方面也有积极长久的影响。根据画线词前的also一词可知，此处说的是改善师生关系对学生健康有益，由此可知画线词词义为“益处”。故选C。 6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Poor health in adolescence. B．Limitations of the previous research. C．Teens’ relationships with their peers. D．Factors affecting health in adulthood. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“However，it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal(因果的)—it could be that other factors，such as different family backgrounds，might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and poor health in adulthood.”可知，第三段主要在说先前研究的局限性。故选B。 7．What does Kim’s research show? A．Good adult health depends on teens’ good teachers. B．Good family background promises long-term adult health. C．Healthy peer relationships lead to students’ academic success. D．Positive student-teacher relationships help students’ adult health. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Kim发现，那些在初中和高中与同龄人和老师关系都较好的参与者，在他们25岁左右的时候，身体和心理健康状况也较好。由此得知，积极的师生关系有助于学生成年时的健康。故选D。 8．Where does this text probably come from? A．A health magazine. B．A medical report. C．A term paper. D．A family survey. 答案　A 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段内容可知，关于学生身心健康的研究可能来自健康杂志。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Dogs are our friends.Taking your dog to work with you can be great for 1 . That was what Steyaert，who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market learned after 2 her dog Nelson there. At first，she did so just to prevent him from being 3 during the day. She put a blanket in front of her stand so that Nelson could sit there 4 and take in everything around him. Soon Steyaert realized that Nelson’s presence would 5 shoppers walking by. “He lifts his paw to greet people，” Steyaert said. “He knows how to steal their 6 .And people’s behaviour made me 7 . I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.” The 8 Nelson gets from strangers passing by varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love. Many people have 9 him over the years. Steyaert，in turn，has gained more 10 within her community. “It happens often that people 11 me through Nelson，” Steyaert said. Besides interesting many shoppers，Nelson has also 12 some people. For example，one day a girl asked Steyaert if she could pet Nelson. She told Steyaert her dog had just passed away and that it was 13 to see and pet Nelson. That encouraged Steyaert to 14 her influential act of taking Nelson to her workplace. While Nelson’s presence in the market 15 Steyaert’s sales，it’s their relationship that benefits much more from it. “He’s my best friend and always at my side，” Steyaert said. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。几年来，在露天市场卖女装的斯泰耶特都带着她的狗狗纳尔逊去上班，纳尔逊吸引了很多路人的注意，给斯泰耶特带来了很多生意，也跟很多人成为朋友，甚至治愈了他们，更重要的是，这让斯泰耶特和纳尔逊的关系受益良多。 1．A.health B．business C．education D．exercise 答案　B 解析　business生意；education教育；exercise锻炼。根据后文“who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market”可知，此处是指带狗上班对生意会很有好处。故选B。 2．A.training B．losing C．bringing D．buying 答案　C 解析　train训练；lose失去；bring带来；buy购买。根据前文“Taking your dog to work with you”可知，此处是指带着狗去市场之后。故选C。 3．A.alone B．dirty C．lazy D．impolite 答案　A 解析　alone孤独的；lazy懒惰的；impolite不礼貌的。根据“during the day”和“prevent him from being”可知，此处是指防止它在白天孤单。故选A。 4．A.quietly B．freely C．curiously D．comfortably 答案　D 解析　quietly安静地；freely自由地；curiously好奇地；comfortably舒适地。根据“She put a blanket in front of her stand”可知，此处是指纳尔逊可以舒服地坐在那里。故选D。 5．A.terrify B．attract C．rescue D．annoy 答案　B 解析　terrify使惊吓；attract吸引；rescue拯救；annoy使恼怒。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊的出现会吸引路过的顾客。故选B。 6．A.hearts B．customers C．seats D．dreams 答案　A 解析　customer顾客；seat座位。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊知道如何偷走他们的心。故选A。 7．A.anxious B．disappointed C．hopeless D．surprised 答案　D 解析　anxious焦虑的；disappointed失望的；hopeless绝望的；surprised惊讶的。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特感到惊讶。故选D。 8．A.skill B．encouragement C．attention D．knowledge 答案　C 解析　skill技巧；encouragement鼓励；attention关注；knowledge知识。根据“varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指路过的陌生人对纳尔逊的关注度各不相同。故选C。 9．A.befriended B．chosen C．forgotten D．raised 答案　A 解析　befriend成为……的朋友；choose选择；forget忘记；raise抚养。根据前文“from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指许多人都和它成为朋友。故选A。 10．A.income B．power C．trust D．fame 答案　D 解析　income收入；power力量；trust信任；fame名气。根据后文“It happens often that people me through Nelson”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特在她的社区里获得了更多的名气。故选D。 11．A.guide B．recognize C．contact D．praise 答案　B 解析　guide指导；recognize认识，认出；contact联络；praise表扬。根据“through Nelson”可知，此处是指人们通过狗狗纳尔逊认识主人斯泰耶特。故选B。 12．A.healed B．followed C．partnered D．admired 答案　A 解析　heal治愈；follow跟随；partner成为搭档；admire钦佩。根据后文“She told Steyaert that her dog had just passed away...to her workplace.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊治愈了一些人。故选A。 13．A.interesting B．difficult C．heartwarming D．discouraging 答案　C 解析　interesting有趣的；difficult困难的；heartwarming暖心的；discouraging令人沮丧的。根据“to see and pet Nelson”可知，此处是指看到并抚摸纳尔逊是一件很温暖的事。故选C。 14．A.change B．continue C．reconsider D．record 答案　B 解析　continue继续；reconsider重新考虑；record记录。根据“That encouraged Steyaert”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特继续她的有影响力的行为。故选B。 15．A.cuts down B．subscribes to C．tracks down D．contributes to 答案　D 解析　cut down减少；subscribe to赞成，订阅；track down追踪，查找；contribute to有助于，促成。根据前文可知，纳尔逊的出现吸引了很多顾客，有助于斯泰耶特的销售。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $