UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction（课件PPT）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（北师大版）

该高中英语课件围绕“第六次物种大灭绝”主题，涵盖灭绝原因、影响及应对措施等核心知识，通过速读（主旨理解）、细读（细节分析）、读后（语法填空）三步递进设计，搭建从文本整体感知到语言知识运用的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如长句难句分析拆解复合句结构提升理解能力，语法部分对比限制性与非限制性定语从句培养逻辑思维。结合环保主题设计写作佳句，渗透文化意识中的社会责任感。教师可直接使用结构化任务与练习，学生在任务驱动中提升语言运用与问题解决能力。

Section Ⅱ Lesson 1　The Sixth Extinction CONSERVATION UNIT 3 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 Part 3　语言知识学习 Part 4　语法项目精讲 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A.Why human beings are closely related to nature. B.Why most living things will die out in the future. C.Why no forest will exist on the earth in the future. D.Why extinctions happen and how to avoid the sixth mass extinction. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 The Sixth Extinction Para.1 Introduction to the topic Paras.2-3 Body Paras.4-5 Conclusion The present situation: species are dying out 2.______ than no-rmal；The possible 3.__________ of the sixth extinction. How to 4._____ the sixth mass extinction；A successful case to save animals from extinction. We are entering the 1._______________ ________________. Earth’s sixth mass extinction faster outcomes avoid Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.Why would we humans die out with 75% of all species on Earth dying out? A.Because we will have no clean water. B.Because we will kill all species for food. C.Because we will have no factory farming. D.Because we will kill one another for water. √ 2.How can we avoid the sixth extinction? A.By producing more species. B.By stopping destroying the planet. C.By taking action to protect ourselves. D.By moving to another planet immediately. √ 3.What is the purpose of paragraph 4? A.To appeal to people to protect the Earth. B.To blame people for destroying the environment. C.To urge the government to take action. D.To warn the public to reduce their destructive behaviour. √ 4.What is the author’s attitude towards avoiding the sixth extinction? A.Pessimistic. B.Uncertain. C.Neutral. D.Optimistic. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Extinctions，where entire species are wiped out，are not unusual in our Earth’s history.In fact，over 90 percent of all species 1. ever lived are now extinct.In the last 500 million years，there 2. (be) five times when life on Earth has almost ended,3. (include) the third mass extinction，known as the “Great Dying”.The 4.________ (reason) for extinctions are 5. (vary).Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction.This time，human activity will be 6. (blame). that have been including reasons varied to blame A 2015 study by scientists found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times 7. (fast) than normal.8. is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants. If a sixth mass extinction 9. (occur)，scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out and we would also be 10. risk of dying out.In short，if we want to survive，we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it. 返 回 faster It occurs at 难句分析 长句 12 1.These include third mass extinction，known as the “Great Dying”，which killed 90% to 96% of all species.(P52 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为 句，其中known as the “Great Dying” 为过去分词作 ，which引导的从句是 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ the 复合 定语 定语 这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，那期间 90%至 96%的物种灭亡了。 2.Although it is not unusual species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause concern.(P52 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是 句，Although引导 从句，从句中的it是形式主语， 为真正的主语；主句的主干是_________________________，at which为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ for for 主从复合 让步状语 动词不定式复合结构 the rate is cause for concern rate 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 3.A 2015 study by scientists who (base) at Brown University and Duke University in the US，looked at how quickly species die out due natural causes，that is，the “background extinction rate”.(P52 Para.2) 结构分析：此句话为 句，句子的谓语动词为 ，who 引导 从句，how 引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ were based to 复合 looked at 定语 宾语 2015年在美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究，调查了物种自然状态下灭亡的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。 4.There is long list of reasons why so many species are dying ：air and water pollution，forests (destroy)，factory farming and overfishing.(P53 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为 句，句子包含 句型，why 引导 从句，先行词为 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ a out being destroyed 复合 there be 定语 reasons 这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。 5.If a sixth mass (extinct) occurs，scientists who have studied the issue believe that up three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.(P53 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为 句，if引导 从句，who引导_____从句，that引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ extinction to 主从复合 条件状语 定语 宾语 研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。 6.This would mean we have to (significant) change the way we live.(P53 Para.4) 结构分析：本句是一个 句。mean后面跟 从句；we live为_______ 从句，修饰先行词 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ significantly 主从复合 宾语 定语 the way 这意味着我们必须极大地改变我们的生活方式。 7.For example，we need to take steps to save endangered species，including (set) up special areas where plants and animals can ____________(protect).(P53 Para.4) 结构分析：本句是一个 句。to save endangered species在句中作 ，where 在句中引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ setting be protected 主从复合 目的状语 定语 例如，我们需要采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种，包括建立动植物的特殊保护区。 8.In short，if we want to survive，we need to stop (destroy) the planet that we live and start to protect it.(P53 Para.4) 结构分析：本句是一个 句。if引导 从句，that引导______ 从句，先行词为 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ destroying on 主从复合 条件状语 定语 planet 简而言之，如果我们想要生存，就需要停止破坏我们生活的星球并开始保护它。 返 回 知识学习 语言 21 1 die out die away(声音、光等)逐渐减弱；消失 die of/from因……而死 die down逐渐平息；逐渐暗淡 die off相继死去 消失；绝迹，灭绝 (1)用die短语的正确形式填空 ①The sound of the car as the car drove into the distance. ②To our shock，this species has nearly because its habitats are being destroyed. ③What makes us worried is that if the snowstorm doesn’t blow over，the cattle will . died away died out die off (2)(读后续写之场景描写)掌声平息后，他深吸一口气，开始了他的演讲。 When the applause ，he took a deep breath and began his speech. 写作佳句 had died down masses of＋名词＋谓语动词复数 a mass of＋ the masses群众；大众媒体 adj.大量的；大规模的 n.团，块，堆；大量；(物理学术语)质量(massive adj.巨大的；结实的；非常严重的) mass 2 复数名词＋谓语动词复数 不可数名词＋谓语动词单数 (1)The masses (be) often the makers of history and they are also the makers of people’s well-being. (2)(2021·全国乙)He builds (mass) sculptures out of plastic garbage，forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. are massive (3)(应用文写作之海洋保护)令人担忧的是，由于海洋污染，大量海洋生物正在相继死去。 What makes people worried is that as a result of sea pollution，_________________________________________. 写作佳句 masses of/a mass of sea creatures are dying off • decrease to...减少到…… decrease by...减少了…… decrease from...to...从……减少到…… • on the decrease正在减少 on the increase正在增加 decrease 3 n.减少；减少的量 vi.& vt.减少 (1)Last year the number of independent firms decreased 198 to 96. (2)The crime rate in this area has decreased the lowest level nowadays. from to (3)由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量在减少。 ①Because of human activities，___________________________ ________________________.(decrease n.) ②Because of human activities，___________________________ _____________________.(decrease v.) 注意　表示“减少”的词或短语还有：decline，reduce，fall，drop，go down等。 写作佳句 the number of some rare animals is on the decrease the number of some rare animals is decreasing be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备 blame sb for sth因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人 blame sth on sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事 vt.责怪，指责 n.过失；责备 blame 4 (1)Illegal hunting is (blame) for the extinction of Northern White Rhinos. (2)We should not blame athletes not winning medals.After all，they have pushed themselves to the limit. (3)You don’t apply yourself to studying hard，so don’t blame your failure bad luck. to blame for on (4)(话题写作之人际交往)当和他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责他人。 When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always ________ ________________________________________.After all，many times .So instead of ，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. 写作佳句 blame others for mistakes/blame mistakes on others we are also to blame blaming others • take risks/a risk冒险 take/run the risk of doing sth 冒险做某事 at the risk of...冒着……的风险 • risk doing sth 冒险做某事 处境危险，受到威胁 be at risk 5 (1)It was Mr Lee who took risk of losing his own life to save the two boys. (2)Men who had been stressed tended to take more (risk) while women responded in the opposite way. the risks (3)当得知那个城市需要援助时，许多救援人员热切地冒着生命危险前往那里。 When knowing that city was in need of help，many rescue workers . 写作佳句 were eager to go there at the risk of losing their lives 倍数表达法 6 They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.(教材P53 Para.2) 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。 结构分析：此句为复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；1 000 times faster than...是倍数的表示方法。 (1)The production of corn is expected to be 1.5 times (large) than that of last year. (2)To his delight，his new job brings in 3 times much income as the old one. (3)What makes us shocked is that my brother is 10 times weight of my nephew. 倍数的表达法如下： 倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than... 倍数＋as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as... 倍数＋the size/height/length/width/...＋of... larger as the (4)(应用文写作之介绍类)我市正在建设的新体育场将是目前这个体育场的三倍大。 ①The new stadium being built in our city will be ____________ __________the present one.(倍数＋as＋原级＋as) ②The new stadium being built in our city will be ____________ ______the present one.(倍数＋比较级＋than) ③The new stadium being built in our city will be ____________ __________the present one.(倍数＋the＋名词＋of) 写作佳句 three times as big as twice bigger than three times the size of Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.(教材P53 Para.3) 没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。 结构分析：此句是一个并列句。由and连接两个并列分句，其中Without与no构成双重否定。 without引导的含蓄虚拟语气 7 without短语表示含蓄条件，相当于由if引导的虚拟条件句。 • 表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用“would/should/could/might＋动 词原形”。 • 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“would/should/could/might have ＋过去分词”。 • 此处without 可以用 but for(若没有)替换。 (1)如果没有王先生的帮助，我就不会取得这么大的进步。 Without Mr Wang’s help， . (2)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类，所以现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。 ，including human beings，so it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean. I wouldn’t have made such great progress Without the ocean，no living things would survive 返 回 项目精讲 语法 42 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并回答其后的问题。 The popular film，Titanic，is about a beautiful and sad love story,1.whose hero and heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose was a young beautiful woman,2.who went to America with her mother.Jack,3.who won a ship ticket by playing cards，was a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 4.where they had a happy time.Sadly，the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg，and Jack lost his life for saving Rose. 语境感悟 Everyone will be moved by the selfless way in 5.which most people can’t behave in real life.Before Jack left Rose forever，he encouraged Rose to live well for him.6.As is known to all，love is the strongest strength.And that’s the reason 7.why Rose could live on and tell us the moving story. 以上语段中的加颜色部分均为 从句，其中句4,5和7是________定语从句，句1,2,3和6是 定语从句，其标志是主句和从句之间用_____隔开。as引导的定语从句一般放于 ；通常译为“ ”。 定语 限制性 非限制性 逗号 句首 正如 语法精讲 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 一、定语从句的种类 根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1.限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as；关系副词有where，when，why。 This is the computer(that/which) he bought for his son yesterday. 这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。 The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amy’s English teacher. 在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。 2.非限制性定语从句 (1)非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。 The children，who wanted to have a journey to the valley，were disappointed when the journey was cancelled. 那些想去山谷旅行的孩子都因旅行的取消而感到失望。 That they will get married，which has not been announced，has spread around. 他们要结婚的消息还没有被宣布，却已经被传得沸沸扬扬。 (2)非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。 We’ll graduate in July，when we will be free.(先行词为名词) 我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。 He often comes to school late，which makes his teacher angry.(先行词为主句的内容) 他经常上学迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。 (3)引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who，whom和whose；指物时用which和whose。还有关系副词when和where。 This is our headmaster，who I think has something crucial to tell you. 这是我们的校长，我认为他有非常重要的事情要告诉你。 He has sold the house，which is located in downtown. 他已经卖掉了那所位于市中心的房子。 Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland，where he was buried in 1977.卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。 He fled his hometown in 1992，when he was only 12 years old. 他于1992年逃离家乡，当时他只有12岁。 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别   限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思依然完整 结构 要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开 功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个主句 引导词 所有的关系代词及副词 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外 When you reach the village，you will first find a house whose windows are made of wood. 当你到达那个村庄时，你首先会发现一座有着木窗的房子。 They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area，where they also did some climbing. 他们欣赏了这个山区的美景，在那里他们还做了些爬山运动。 [巧学助记] 定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号； 定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜； 定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。 三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别   as which 指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 不能置于主句之前 意义 正如 这，那 功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句 As we all know，the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 The singer，as was expected，achieved a great success. 正如所期盼的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大成功。 Catherine will attend a friend’s wedding，which she is busy preparing for now. 凯瑟琳将参加一个朋友的婚礼，现在她正在为此做准备。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.To our amazement，this is the room the astronaut used to live. 2.At last we arrived at the village， had been transformed into a park. 3.You can come to our city in April， peonies are in full bloom. 4. was often the case，the girl skipped breakfast again. 5.Mr King， legs were badly hurt，was quickly taken to the hospital. 达标检测 where which when As whose 6.There are many plastic cups on the table，most of are new. 7.The grinning consumer he met in the supermarket was his friend. 8.The professor， will retire from the university next year，is popular among students. which that/who/whom who Ⅱ.完成句子 1.我的父亲同意我们制作一个视频来记录我们在夏令营的经历，在那里我们度过了美好的时光。 My father approved of us making a video to record our experiences at the summer camp . 2.我最尊敬的人是我的语文老师，他的教学水平远远高于平均水平。 The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher _____________________ _________________. where we had a great time whose teaching level is far above average 3.他为何不能降低消费，他没有给出任何理由。 The reason， his consumption，wasn’t given. 4.该地区矿业发展良好，为当地经济的发展做出了贡献。 Mining has developed well in the area，____________________________ ____________________________. 5.他没上这节课的原因与你向我解释的很不一样。 The reason was quite different from the one ________________________. for which he couldn’t reduce which contributes to the development of local economy why he missed this class that you explained to me Ⅲ.完成下列读后续写片段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法 我倒在地上，躺在血泊中。同时，离我们不远的两名猎人听到了我们的尖叫声。他们冲到我们所在的地方。一看到所发生的事以及还漂浮在我身后的水面上的鳄鱼，其中一个人朝空中开了一枪。 I fell onto the ground，lying in a pool of blood.Meanwhile，our screams were heard by two hunters 1.______________________________ ____.They dashed over to the place 2. .On seeing what happened and the crocodile,3._____________________________________ ___________，one of them fired a shot in the air. who/that were not far away from us where we were which was still floating in the water behind me 正如所期望的，鳄鱼被吓跑了。然后，我失去了知觉，这让两名猎人急忙把我送到医院。 4. ，the crocodile was frightened away.Then I was unconscious,5. . As was/had been expected which made the two hunters rush me to hospital 返 回 本课结束 $