Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（人教版）

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．phrase n．短语；词组 2．switch vt.转换；交换vi.&vt.(使)改变；转变n.开关；转换器；改变 3．remote adj.远程的；偏远的 4．mode n．模式；方式；风格 5．routine n．常规；正常顺序adj.常规的；日常的 6．command n．指令；命令；控制vt.命令；控制 7．cancer n．癌；癌症；毒瘤 8．leak vi.&vt.漏；渗漏；透露n.漏洞；裂缝；透露 9．detect vt.发现；查明 10．available adj.可获得的；可购得的；(人)有空的 11．nevertheless adv.尽管如此；不过；然而 12．structure n．结构；体系vt.系统安排；精心组织 13．artificial adj.人工的；人造的；假的 14．clone vt.克隆；以无性繁殖技术复制n.克隆动物(或植物) 15．forecast vt.&n.预测；预报 16．hence adv.因此；由此 17．cease vi.& vt.(使)停止；终止 18．rural adj.乡村的；农村的 19．advocate vt.提倡；支持；拥护n.提倡者；支持者；拥护者 20．career n．职业；事业 21．prospect n．可能性；前景 22．paragraph n．段；段落 23．essay n．文章 24．switch off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等) 25．remote control 遥控器；遥控 26．air conditioner 空调机；空调设备 27．daily routine 日常生活 28．early on 在初期；早先 29．catch fire 着火 30．in this sense (in...sense) 从这种(某种)意义上来讲 31．artificial intelligence [AI] 人工智能 32．keep in touch (with...)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况) Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．persuade vt.劝说；说服→persuasive adj.有说服力的→persuasion n．说服 2．distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→distance n．距离；远处 3．secure adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt.获得；拴牢；保护→security n．保护措施；安全工作→securely adv.安全地；牢固地 4．automatic adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地 5．integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的→integrate vi.&vt.(使)合并；成为一体→integration n．整合；一体化 6．efficient adj.效率高的；有功效的→efficiently adv.有效地→efficiency n．效率；效能 7．preference n．爱好；偏爱→prefer vt.更喜欢；偏好 8．instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的→instantly adv.立即；马上 9．obey vi.&vt.服从；遵守→disobey vt.不服从 10．warning n．警告；警示；先兆→warn vt.警告 11．constant adj.不断的；重复的；不变的n.常数；常量→constantly adv.经常地；不断地 12．abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的→normal adj.正常的→normally adv.通常；正常地 13．critical adj.严重的；关键的；批判性的→critically adv.批判性地→critic n．评论家→criticize/se vt.批评；评论 14．potentially adv.可能地；潜在地→potential adj.可能的；潜在的n.潜力；可能性 15．electrical adj.电的；用电的→electric adj.电的；电动的；用电的→electricity n．电；电能 16．relevant adj.有关的；有意义的→irrelevant adj.不相关的→relevantly adv.相关地→relevance n．关联；切题 17．fantasy n．幻想；想象→fantastic adj.极好的 18．innovation n．创新；创造→innovate vt.& vi.创新；革新→innovative adj.革新的；创新的 19．crime n．犯罪活动；不法行为→criminal n．罪犯；犯人adj.刑事的；犯罪的 20．combine vt.&vi.(使)结合；混合→combination n．结合；联合 21．predict vt.预测；预言；预料→prediction n．预测；预言 22．occupation n．职业；占领 →occupy vt.占据；占用；使忙碌→occupied adj.被占领的；被占用的；忙于……的 23．oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠 →opposed adj.反对的→opposite adj.相反的；相对的 prep.在……对面→opposition n．反对 24．absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席→absent adj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的 25．emphasis n．强调；重视；重要性→emphasize/se vt.强调；重视 26．luxury n．奢华→luxurious adj.奢侈的 27．resist vi.&vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡→resistant adj.反抗的；抵制的→resistance n．抵制；反对；抗拒 28．accurate adj.精确的；准确的→accurately adv.精确地；准确地→accuracy n．精确性 29．librarian n．图书管理员；图书馆馆长→library n．图书馆 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．He turned the knob and pushed against the door.n.球形把手 2．Before you buy a new appliance，talk to someone who owns one.n.电器；器具 3．The electronic sensor has been adapted to fit on a newborn baby.n.传感器；敏感元件 4．There is something wrong with the wiring.You must cease touching that wire；otherwise you would get a shock.n.电线线路；线路系统 n．电线；金属丝(或线) 5．Follow these signposts and you can easily find the Institution of Electrical Engineers.n.路标 persuade vt.说服；劝说；使相信 (persuasive adj.有说服力的persuasion n．说服，说服力) persuade 注意：persuade表示“说服”，强调说服的结果；advise表示“劝说，建议”，对方不一定接受，强调动作。“劝说但不一定有效果”应表述为：advise sb to do sth或try to persuade sb to do sth。 (1)Using persuasive(persuade) facts，I have persuaded all the students of my potential to organize the English speech activity well. (2)I persuaded him out of wasting(waste) his precious time playing computer games. [写作佳句] (3)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)约翰说服伯纳德(Bernard)卖爆米花赚钱养家。 John persuaded Bernard to sell popcorn/persuaded Bernard into selling popcorn/persuaded Bernard that he could sell popcorn to earn some money to support his family. (4)我试图说服学生会主席创建一个英语俱乐部以提高学生对英语的兴趣，但是白费力气。 I advised/tried to persuade the chairman of the Student Association to found an English club to strengthen students’ interest in English，but in vain. preference n．偏爱；爱好 (prefer vt.更喜欢) •have a preference for更喜欢…… give (a) preference to给……以优惠；优待 in preference to优先于；而不是 •prefer (doing) A to (doing) B　与(做)B相比更喜欢(做)A prefer to do A rather than do B　宁愿做A也不愿做B (1)To keep physically healthy，I prefer opening(open) the windows to switching on the air conditioner. ＝To keep physically healthy，I prefer to open(open) the windows rather than switch on the air conditioner. (2)To live a low-carbon life，many people choose buses in preference(prefer) to private cars to work. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之推荐信)得知你对英国文学情有独钟，我写信向你推荐一些经典作品。 Learning that you have a preference for English literature/prefer English literature，I am writing to recommend some classics to you. command n．命令；指令；掌握；控制 vt.命令；控制 •have a good command of精通(语言等)；掌握 be in command of控制…… under the command of sb＝under one’s command由……指挥；由……控制 •command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事 注意：command后跟同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should) do”。 (1)It is said that this army is under the command of the extraordinary general. (2)With her husband accompanying her，she gradually felt happy and in command of her emotions. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之情感描写)令我们怒火中烧的是，我们的班长总是命令我们做我们不喜欢的事情。 What makes us boil with anger is that our monitor always commands us to do what we dislike/our monitor always commands that we (should) do what we dislike. (4)(应用文写作之申请信)由于我的英语很好，我深信我能担任贵公司的秘书。 Having a good command of English，I am greatly convinced that I can take up a position as the secretary of your company.(用分词短语作状语) in this sense 从这种意义上说 make sense讲得通；有意义 make sense of懂得；了解……的意义 make no sense讲不通；没有意义 in a sense在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in no sense决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) There’s no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没有意义。 (1)As far as I am concerned，what he said just now doesn’t make sense. ＝As far as I am concerned，what he said just now makes no sense. (2)There is no sense in founding(found) the organisation before we get public support. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之建议信)听说你很难理解你的物理老师在课堂上所说的话，我感到非常遗憾。我强调的是抱怨是没有意义的。同时，你决不应该放弃。你现在必须做的是向你的同学和老师寻求帮助。从某种意义上说，只有坚持学习物理，你才能在不久的将来取得显著的进步。 I am terribly sorry to hear that you have difficulty making sense of what your physics teacher says in class.What I put emphasis on is that there is no sense in complaining.Meanwhile，in no sense should you give up.What you must do now is turn to your classmates and teachers for assistance.In a sense，only if you insist on studying physics can you make remarkable progress in the not-too- distant future. occupation n．职业；占领(occupy vt.占用；占领；占据occupied adj.忙于……的) •occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth 忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事 •be occupied with sth/(in) doing sth 忙于某事/做某事 (1)When you sign up，please state relevant information，such as your name，address and occupation(occupy)． [写作佳句] (2)(应用文写作之道歉信)由于我忙于准备高考，我很抱歉没有及时回复你的上一封信。 ①As I occupy myself (in)/ am occupied (in) preparing the College Entrance Examination，I am terribly sorry not to reply to your last letter in an instant. ②Occupied (in) preparing the College Entrance Examination/Occupying myself (in) preparing the College Entrance Examination，I am terribly sorry not to reply to your last letter in an instant.(用分词短语作状语改写) oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠；反抗；与(某人)较量(opposed adj.反对的；相反的，对立的opposite adj.相反的；相对的 prep.在……对面opposition n．反对) •oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事 oppose sb/sb’s doing sth 反对某人做某事 •be opposed to反对…… (1)After quarreling with her husband fiercely，Jane walked off in the opposite(oppose) direction in anger. (2)Unexpectedly，the professor’s proposals met with strong opposition(oppose) at yesterday’s meeting. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之求助信)我父母反对我选文科，这使我情绪低落，因此，你可以给我一些建议吗？ My parents oppose me/my choosing arts/are opposed to me/my choosing arts，which puts me in low spirits and hence，could you be kind enough to offer me some tips? absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席(absent adj.缺席，不在) •in one’s absence某人不在的时候 in the absence of在……不在场的情况下；缺乏 •be absent from缺席，不在 (1)He gave us a warning that we would be punished if we were absent from the meeting. [写作佳句] (2)(读后续写之情绪描写)她的丈夫不在，简是如此害怕以至于她跪在了地上，泪水模糊了双眼。 In her husband’s absence/In the absence of her husband，so frightened was Jane that she sank to her knees，with tears clouding her eyes. advocate vt.提倡；支持；拥护 n．提倡者；支持者；拥护者 •advocate (doing) sth 提倡/主张(做)某事 advocate that...(should) do...主张/提倡…… •an advocate for/of...……的支持者/拥护者 (1)There is no denying that the remarkable professor is an advocate for/of the rewarding activity. [写作佳句] (2)(话题写作之环境保护)随着世界环境日的临近，我倡议做好分内事来保护环境。 With World Environment Day approaching，I advocate doing our part/advocate that we (should) do our part to protect the environment. keep in touch (with...)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况) be in touch with与……有联系(状态) be out of touch with与……失去联系(状态) get in touch with与……取得联系(动作) lose touch with与……失去联系(动作) (1)We lost (lose) touch with each other ten years ago.Hence，we have been(be) out of touch for ten years. [写作佳句] (2)我会不遗余力地与所有相关人士保持联系，这样我就能掌握整个事件的进展。 I will spare no effort to keep in touch with all the relevant people so that I can have a good command of how the whole event will develop. (3)(读后续写之情绪描写)和他的发小杰克联系上之后，汤姆是如此激动，泪水顺着脸颊流淌。 After getting in touch with his childhood friend，Jack，Tom was so excited that tears streamed down his cheeks. resist vt.& vi.抵制；反抗；抵挡(resistance n．抵制；抗拒；反对resistant adj.抵制的，阻止的；有抵抗力的) •resist doing sth 抵制做某事 can’t/couldn’t resist doing sth 忍不住做某事 •be resistant to对……有抵抗力；抵制…… (1)With the temperature rising to 37℃，all the students strongly resist switching(switch) off the air conditioner. ＝With the temperature rising to 37℃，all the students are strongly resistant(resist) to switching off the air conditioner. [写作佳句] (2)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写) 窗户上的声音引起了我的注意，我忍不住踮起脚尖走上前看看发生了什么事。 A noise at the window caught my attention and I couldn’t resist tiptoeing forward to see what was happening. Ⅰ.一词多义 distant A.遥远的　B.冷淡的　C.远亲的 1．He is my distant relative and you don’t know him. C 2．He wanted to get away from everything so he moved to a distant land. A 3．He was mute, distant, and indifferent. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．Can you buy some instant coffee for me? 速溶的 2．Tom and his father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner.获得 课时精练(一) A卷(47.5分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 1．Unfortunately，some students do not think obeying the traffic rules is quite crucial. 2．The instant the young man switched on the light，shouts of “Happy Birthday” came. 3．I gave him a warning that he mustn’t quit such a secure job. 4．Our memories and habits are really relevant to the structure(构造) of the brain. 5．Could you please give the accurate translation of the long sentence in this paragraph？ 6．I can’t lay emphasis(强调) on the importance of artificial intelligence too much. 7．I advocate combining(结合) a balanced diet with exercise to keep physically healthy. 8．It’s vital to memorize as many English words and phrases(短语) as possible. 9．I was told that the new sensor was available(可购得的) in that small shop. 10．They predicted(预测) the bad environmental consequences ten years ago. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．The old professor shows preference(prefer) for those old devices. 2．I persuaded him to take(take up a position in that small company. 3．In this sense，it is safe to stay in that remote village for a short time. 4．The boss commanded me to work(work) hard with the objective of achieving my initial goal. 5．I couldn’t resist having(have) a look at the new signpost there. 6.Apparently the mother took advantage of the children’s absence(absent) to tidy their rooms. 7．He gradually forgot the incident and began to talk about his occupation(occupy)． 8．It is easy to keep in touch with the friends in the academy due to the Internet. 9．Opposed(oppose) to my buying the new device，my father didn’t give me any money. 10．It is acknowledged that innovation(innovate) plays an important part in social progress. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) You are just waking up in the spring of 2030.Your Internet of Things bedroom opens solar powered e-windows and plays gentle music while your smart lighting displays a montage(剪辑) of beachfront sunrises from your recent vacation. Your shower uses very little water or soap.It recycles your grey water and puts the extra heat back into your home’s operating system.While you dress，your artificial intelligence(AI) assistant shares your schedule for the day and plays your favorite tunes. You still start your day with a coffee but it comes from your refrigerator which is capable of providing a coffeehouse experience in your home.A hot breakfast tailored to your specific nutritional needs based on chemical analysis from your trips to the “smart toilet” is waiting for you in the kitchen. When it’s time to leave，an on-demand transport system has three cars waiting for you，your wife(or husband) and your kids.On the road，driverless cars and trucks move with mathematical accuracy，without traffic jams，routine maintenance or road rage(路怒症)．Accident rates are near zero. On the way，you call your R&D team，who are enveloping a day’s work in Shanghai.Your life-sized image is projected(投射) into the China Innovation Centre and your colleagues see you as if you were sitting in the room.It’s a bit surreal for them to see you in the morning light given that it’s dark on the Bund，Shanghai’s waterfront，though the novelty disappears after a few uses. You review the day’s cloud-based data from your Shenzhen manufacturing centre，your pilot project in San Diego and your QA team in Melbourne.The large amounts of data sets were collected in real-time from every piece of equipment and have been beautifully summarised by your company’s AI.All these facilities are closely maintained and operated through an advanced predictive analytics(分析学) platform. Pleased with the team’s progress，you end the call and ease into a good book. This is the future and it will be here sooner than you think. 1．How can we describe the life in the future? A．Artificial. B．Accurate. C．Intelligent. D．Individual. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“Your Internet of Things bedroom opens solar powered e-windows and plays gentle music”，第二段的“While you dress，your artificial intelligence(AI) assistant shares your schedule for the day and plays your favorite tunes.”和第三段的“A hot breakfast tailored to your specific nutritional needs based on chemical analysis from your trips to the ‘smart toilet’ is waiting for you in the kitchen.”以及四、五、六段的描述可推知，未来的生活很智能。故选C。 2．What can we do in the year 2030 according to the passage? A．Listen to music played by windows. B．Have a bath without using water. C．Deal with all our work without others’ help. D．Enjoy the coffeehouse experience without going there. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段首句“You still start your day with a coffee but it comes from your refrigerator which is capable of providing a coffeehouse experience in your home.”可知，在2030年，我们不用去咖啡馆就可以享受咖啡馆的体验。故选D。 3．How does the author develop the passage? A．In logical order. B．In time order. C．By comparing. D．By offering examples. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“You are just waking up”，第二段的“Your shower...While you dress...”，第三段的“You still start your day with a coffee”，第四段的“When it’s time to leave”和第五段的“On the way，you call your R&D team”可知，作者是按时间顺序来组织行文的。故选B。 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To introduce the life in the future. B．To attract us to use the AI system. C．To teach us how to use the AI system. D．To encourage us to study hard for the future. 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。通读全文，再结合第一段的“You are just waking up in the spring of 2030.”和最后一段“This is the future and it will be here sooner than you think.”可知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了向我们介绍未来的生活。故选A。 Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) My Future Happiness When I imagine my future，I see myself as an adult who is confident in my abilities，doing a job I love and living my life responsibly.When I grow up，I will be enjoying more convenience brought by the advances in technology，with more time to pursue hobbies and enjoy the company of family and friends. 1 I will feel the happiest in the future because I will learn more about life and develop into the best person I can be. 2 I will also handle more responsibilities and solve problems in a more thoughtful and level-headed manner. Thanks to new technology，my future life is sure to improve in various ways.Homes will become smarter to the extent that they might be programmed to learn about our needs and monitor our health and activity.I can imagine hearing an AI voice remind me to buy groceries or do more exercise! There will also be enormous advancements in transport options.I will be riding in a self-driving car，and other new means of transport may be developed in the future. 3 These advances in technology are certain to make my future life more comfortable and convenient. My development into a mature adult and access to advanced technology will provide me with more free-time opportunities. 4 Working less time means I can do what I most enjoy，such as spending time with family and friends，engaging in fun activities and learning new skills. 5 Thinking this way gives me the motivation to work hard now so that I can have a successful，fulfilling and enjoyable future life. A．The working day will be only four hours long thanks to robots. B．I will become more knowledgeable about the world and myself. C．I might be able to ride a flying bike to quickly meet up with my friends. D．When I think about the future，I realize my happiest days are still ahead of me. E．For these reasons，I look forward to the future as the happiest moment in my life. F．Technological advances will guarantee I’ll be in good health and find true happiness. G．With less work-related stress，I’ll also have more time and energy to do volunteer projects. 1．答案　E 解析　根据上文“When I grow up，I will be enjoying more convenience brought by the advances in technology，with more time to pursue hobbies and enjoy the company of family and friends.”可知，作者想象了未来的幸福生活，对未来的生活充满期待，E项“由于这些原因，我期待未来是我生命中最幸福的时刻”符合语境，故选E。 2．答案　B 解析　结合上文“I will feel the happiest in the future because I will learn more about life and develop into the best person I can be.”及下文“I will also handle more responsibilities and solve problems in a more thoughtful and level-headed manner.”尤其句中的“I will also”可知，空处应和上下文句式一致，以“I will”开头，描述未来自己的样子，B项“我会对世界和自己更加了解”符合语境，故选B。 3．答案　C 解析　根据上文“I will be riding in a self-driving car，and other new means of transport may be developed in the future.”可知，空处应承接上文，描述未来开发出的其他交通工具，C项“我可能会骑着会飞的自行车快速地去和我的朋友们见面”符合语境，故选C。 4．答案　A 解析　根据上文“My development into a mature adult and access to advanced technology will provide me with more free-time opportunities.”以及下文“Working less time means I can do what I most enjoy”可知，此处是描述未来科技的进步可以减少人们的工作时间，A项“由于有了机器人，每天的工作时间将只有4个小时”符合语境，故选A。 5．答案　D 解析　空处位于末段，结合下文“Thinking this way gives me the motivation to work hard now so that I can have a successful，fulfilling and enjoyable future life.”可知，空处应是总结作者对未来的想法，并指明下文“this way”的内容，D项“当我想到未来的时候，我意识到我最幸福的日子还在前面”符合语境，故选D。 课时精练(一) B卷(35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A The use of AI (artificial intelligence) is becoming more common in many branches of industry and online shopping.Traditional lines of work，such as goods transport and driving，are developing in a similar direction although mainly out of public view.Scientists at the University of Göttingen have now investigated how efficient(高效的) the use of AI can be in the commercial management of trucks. “Digital applications—as well as machine learning，a kind of AI—are increasingly applied to operations and courses in the transport area，” explains Professor Matthias Klumpp from the Faculty of Economics.“The question in the commercial area，however，is whether or not this contributes to achieving goals.” To answer this question，the researchers compared the work efficiency of truck drivers with their main use of AI applications.Looking at trade delivery by truck，they studied three groups：the first drove completely following human decision-making models；the second used a combination of human and machine；and the third depended completely on fully automated decisions. The researchers found that an intelligent combination of human work and decision-making abilities with AI applications promises the highest transport and driving efficiency.“On average，the second group achieved the most efficient transport trips，with the fewest interventions(干预) and off-course from the best path.” One researcher said，“Clearly，neither a completely human decision-making structure nor a fully automated driving system can promise to meet current goods transport requirements.” The scientists therefore summarized that despite the progress of AI in the field of transportation by truck，human experience and decision-making abilities will still be necessary in the longer term.However，the challenge is that a wide range of training and qualification(资格) needs will come along by working with AI applications，especially for simple goods transport activities. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能在许多行业和网上购物中变得越来越普遍。科学家在研究卡车的商业管理中得出结论——人与人工智能并存效率最高。 1．What does Matthias Klumpp focus on? A．The efficiency of AI. B．The advantages of AI. C．The problems caused by AI. D．The wide applications of AI. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句、第二段最后一句和第三段第一句可知，Matthias Klumpp教授主要关注的是人工智能的效率。故选A。 2．How did the researchers get the finding? A．By providing examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By using different trucks. D．By listing three experiments. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，研究人员通过分三组实验来研究。故选D。 3．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．AI is better at making decisions. B．A balance is needed between human and AI. C．Human will soon be replaced by AI in driving. D．AI applications meet the current requirements. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，人与人工智能并存效率最高，所以需要人类和人工智能之间的平衡。故选B。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Future of Transport B．Artificial Intelligence as A Co-driver C．Artificial Intelligence—A Better Choice in Driving D．The Strengths of Artificial Intelligence in Transport 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。第一段第一句和最后一句引出要谈论的话题，之后引出实验——对比人和人工智能当司机的效率，最后一段得出结论——人与人工智能并存效率最高，说明文章的最佳标题是“人工智能作为共同的司机”，凸显文章主旨。故选B。 B A Beijing-based gene firm announced the debut(首次亮相) of the world’s first cloned wild Arctic wolf via video on Monday,100 days after its birth in a Beijing lab.Experts said its birth pioneers the breeding of more rare and endangered animals through cloning technology. “To save the endangered animal，we started the research cooperation with Harbin Polarland on cloning the Arctic wolf in 2020.After two years of painstaking efforts，the Arctic wolf was cloned successfully.It is the first case of its kind in the world，” Mi Jidong，the company’s general manager of the Beijing-based Sinogene Biotechnology Co.，said at a press conference in Beijing. Born on June 10，the wolf，named Maya，is in very good health.Its donor cell came from the skin sample of a wild female Arctic wolf，which had been introduced from Canada to Harbin Polarland.The cloning of the Arctic wolf was accomplished by constructing 137 new embryos(胚胎)，followed by the transfer of 85 embryos to the uteri(子宫) of seven dogs，of which one was born as a healthy wolf—Maya.The selection of a dog as Maya’s surrogate(代孕) was made because dogs share genetic ancestry with ancient wolves and it’s more likely to succeed through cloning technology，experts said. He Zhengming，the head of Chinese Experimental Animal Resources Research Institute for Food and Drug Control，said that the cloned animals still have the ability to reproduce if they have intact fertilized eggs.The cloning technology can copy all genetic information for selective breeding，and in this way，it diversifies the population of endangered animals. From the world’s first mammal clone “Dolly”，cloning technology has provided the possibility to diversify the populations of some species such as cattle，pigs and horses.When endangered species in some places are identified，cloning of cells preserved from freezing technologies could also generate new life，experts said. However，some raised controversy relating to the cloned Arctic wolf.Sun Quanhui，a scientist from the World Animal Protection organization，insisted that cloning technology has made great progress since its birth，but it is still being perfected and in the exploratory stage of research，and there are many technical and ethical issues that need to be tackled and treated with caution. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一只克隆野生北极狼的相关情况，以及其带来的影响。 5．What is the significance of the first cloned wild Arctic wolf’s birth? A．To produce more endangered species through cloning. B．To help the scientists win an award. C．To promote the research cooperation. D．To increase the profit of wildlife reserves. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Experts said its birth pioneers the breeding of more rare and endangered animals through cloning technology.”可知，该克隆北极狼的成功为培育更多稀有濒危动物开创先河，因此其重要意义也在于此。故选A。 6．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Maya is the first Arctic wolf in the world. B．Wild Arctic wolves are easily available in Harbin Polarland. C．There is no scientific support for choosing a dog as Maya’s surrogate. D．Researchers experienced trial and error to achieve the successful birth of Maya. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The cloning of the Arctic wolf was accomplished by constructing 137 new embryos(胚胎)，followed by the transfer of 85 embryos to the uteri(子宫) of seven dogs，of which one was born as a healthy wolf—Maya.”可以看出该克隆过程很艰辛，移植85个胚胎才产出一只健康的狼，即研究人员经历了反复试验才成功诞生了Maya。故选D。 7．What’s the author’s attitude toward cloning technology? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Objective. D．Opposed. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据第五段中“When endangered species in some places are identified，cloning of cells preserved from freezing technologies could also generate new life，experts said.”可知，作者呈现了克隆技术对濒危物种的价值；根据最后一段中“However，some raised controversy relating to the cloned Arctic wolf.”可知，作者呈现了关于克隆技术的争议，因此可以看出作者对这一技术持客观态度。故选C。 8．Which is the best title of the passage? A．The Research on the Rare and Endangered Animals B．The Debut of the World’s 1st Cloned Wild Arctic Wolf C．The Beginning of the Cloning Technology Application D．The Conservation of Endangered Wildlife Through Cloning Technology 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段中“A Beijing-based gene firm announced the debut(首次亮相) of the world’s first cloned wild Arctic wolf via video”可以看出本文主要围绕着世界上第一只克隆野生北极狼的首次亮相展开。故选B。 Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) As we know，calligraphy(书法) is something very special for Chinese.It is not only 1._______ important part of traditional culture but also a way of life for many people. Like oil painting and sculpture in the West，calligraphy is as much an artistic form 2.________ a spiritual anchor for many Chinese throughout history. From the 3. (invent) of various hieroglyphics(象形文字) to the evolution of various calligraphic styles，calligraphy 4. (play) an important role in Chinese culture and history for thousands of years. Calligraphy was well-respected in history.It was a base for barely available education 5.__________(opportunity)，a stepping-stone to the upper class and a necessary condition for admiration among peers. During the Jin dynasty (AD 265－420)，calligraphy became an expression of superiority among noble families.It would be long 6. young children had a good command of calligraphy，so they 7. (order) to practise it every day. Wang Xizhi was among those 8. (raise) in noble families.He and his son，Wang Xianzhi，are considered the 9. (great) calligraphers in Chinese history，whose achievements 10. (be) beyond compare.Therefore，the Jin dynasty is the peak of calligraphic works in Chinese history. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章描述了书法在中国的历史及其文化地位并具体介绍了中国历史上伟大的书法家王羲之和王献之。 1．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。此处important part首次出现，且part为可数名词，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指。important的发音以元音音素开头，所以不定冠词应用an。 2．答案　as 解析　考查介词和固定搭配。as much...as...意为“不仅……而且……”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词as。 3．答案　invention 解析　考查名词。在介词from后应用名词invention表示“发明”作宾语。 4．答案　has played 解析　考查现在完成时。根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语calligraphy为不可数名词，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。 5．答案　opportunities 解析　考查名词复数。opportunity意为“机会”，为可数名词，此处无冠词修饰，所以应用复数形式表示泛指。 6．答案　before 解析　考查连词。此处考查固定句型It would be long ＋before＋一般过去时，“用很长时间才……”。 7．答案　were ordered 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词order意为“命令；安排”，根据句意可知，和主语children构成被动关系。主语children为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 8．答案　raised 解析　考查过去分词。动词raise意为“抚养”，和系动词was之间没有连词，与逻辑主语those构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语修饰those。 9．答案　greatest 解析　考查形容词最高级。空格前有定冠词the，且根据beyond compare可知，此处是指“最伟大的书法家”，应用形容词great的最高级形式。 10．答案　are 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。主语achievements为复数，所以be动词应用are。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $