Unit 1 Section Ⅴ (2) Reading for Writing（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦人物描写的阅读与写作，以爱因斯坦传记为文本载体，构建“细节理解-结构分析-语言特征提炼-语法内化-写作输出”的学习支架。通过细节题（如成就领域、推理判断）、结构题（时间顺序分析）、人物描写句子（外貌、成就等）及独立主格、状语从句省略等语法点讲解，衔接郎平人物写作示例，形成完整知识链。 该资料突出语言能力与思维品质培养，配套人物结构分析图、增分靓句示例图等可视化资源，通过“读后续写”“应用文写作”实例（如郎平人物介绍），融合“find+宾补”等语法点，助力学生掌握人物传记写作框架，提升语言运用的准确性与逻辑性。课中辅助教师开展分层教学，课后精练A/B卷（含阅读理解、七选五等题型）帮助学生查漏补缺，强化学习效果。

Section Ⅴ Using Language (2)—Reading for Writing Activity 1　Read for details [细节把握] Read the text and answer the following questions. 1．In which aspect did Albert Einstein make great achievements? A．Music. B．Medicine. C．Physics. D．Chemistry. 答案　C 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．Einstein was a genius as well as an indifferent figure. B．Einstein did well in the entrance exam for the first time. C．Einstein used to work as a clerk in the USA. D．Einstein didn’t care about his appearance or being famous. 答案　D 3．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To introduce Einstein’s contributions to the world. B．To introduce Einstein’s winding life in Germany. C．To show that Einstein is a genius in physics and maths. D．To let the world know all about Einstein by his life and achievements. 答案　D 4．How does the writer develop the text? A．By time order. B．By space order. C．By analyzing cause and result. D．By using specific figures. 答案　A Activity 2　Read for structures [文章架构] Which of the following shows the structure of the text? 答案　B Activity 3　Read for language features [增分靓句] 1．Read the text and find out the sentences with which the author describes a person.(读文章并找出人物描写的句子) (1)Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.(Para.1，人物评价) (2)This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.(Para.2，人物出生介绍) (3)After studying for another year，he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.(Para.2，接受教育介绍) (4)In 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.(Para.3，取得成就介绍) (5)To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man.(Para.5，外貌描写1) He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(Para.5，外貌描写2) (6)On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.(Para.6，去世介绍) 2．Say what rhetorical devices are used in the following sentences.(说出下列句子用了什么修辞手法) (1)Following this，he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. 类比 (2)Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.暗喻 (3)He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.拟人 明喻 (4)On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away.委婉语 Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men(man) who ever lived.(P8 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是复合句，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics是who引导的非限制性定语从句， 修饰先行词Albert Einstein；who ever lived是who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the smartest men。 汉语翻译：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦——这位也许是现代物理学领域最伟大的科学家——被公认是有史以来智商最高的人之一。 2．When he was 16，he tried to enter(enter) university in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam，despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.(P8 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句，When he was 16是时间状语从句，but连接两个谓语动词tried和failed，表转折，obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics是动词-ing形式作介词despite的宾语。 汉语翻译：16岁时，他报考瑞士的大学，尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于入学考试的通识部分分数较低，他未能如愿。 3．After studying for another year，he managed to pass(pass) the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.(P8 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是简单句，studying for another year作介词After的宾语，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900是动词-ing形式作状语。 汉语翻译： 经过又一年的学习，他终于通过了考试，于1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。 4．That same year，which was later recorded as a miracle year in science，he published four extraordinary physics papers(paper)．(P8 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是复合句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词That same year。 汉语翻译：同年，他发表了四篇非同寻常的物理学论文，这一年后来被称为科学史上的奇迹之年。 5．Following this，he gradually(gradual) became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.(P8 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是简单句，Following this是动词-ing形式作状语。 汉语翻译：此后，他渐渐闻名于世，被誉为第二个艾萨克·牛顿。 6．Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany.(P8 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是复合句，when引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1933。 汉语翻译：1933年，希特勒在德国上台，形势发生了变化。 7．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(P8 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句，as though he had just received an electric shock是方式状语从句。 汉语翻译：他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。 8．There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on/at his door and asked for help with her homework.(P8 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是复合句，how he helped a little girl...是how引导的宾语从句，who knocked his door and asked for help是关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a little girl。 汉语翻译：甚至还有一件轶事，说的是他如何为一名上门求助的小女孩讲解家庭作业。 9．In fact，Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help(help) explain things.(P8 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是复合句，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。 汉语翻译：事实上，爱因斯坦经常遇到有人当街拦住他，请他解释各种事物。 10．On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss(lose) of a brilliant scientist.(P9 Para.6) 结构分析：此句是and连接的并列复合句，第一个分句中的it是形式主语，that Einstein had passed away是真正的主语。 汉语翻译：1955年4月18日，噩耗传来，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为一位杰出科学家的逝世而哀悼。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 独立主格结构 He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.(P8 Para.1) 他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。 结构分析：此句是一个简单句，是主谓宾结构，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2是独立主格结构，在句中作状语。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 独立主格结构，其逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。常见的独立主格结构有： ·名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式 ·名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语 ·名词/代词＋名词 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)女孩笑得很甜，眼里闪着兴奋的光芒。 The girl was smiling sweetly，her eyes sparkling with excitement. (2)(应用文写作之口头通知)我们七点半在校门口集合，水果采摘活动将于8点整开始。 We shall get together at 7：30 at the school gate，the fruit-picking activity to start at 8 sharp. (3)每天下午，一个背着一大担柴火的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚地走过。 Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house，a vast load of firewood on her back. (4)她紧紧地闭上眼睛，双手抱着头。 She closed her eyes tightly，her head buried in her hands. (5)(读后续写之动作链描写)下课了，兴奋的学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。 Class over，the excited students rose to their feet，grabbed their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like an arrow. 状语从句的省略 While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.(P8 Para.3) 工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。 结构分析：此句是复合句，While working there是状语从句的省略结构，完整句为：While he was working there；earning a doctorate in physics in 1905是动词-ing形式作状语。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 状语从句的省略条件： ·当when，while，before，if，unless，as if等词引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it且谓语中含be动词时，可同时省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。 ·省略句中非谓语的选用要根据动词和主语的关系：主动关系用现在分词；被动关系用过去分词；尚未发生用不定式。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)(读后续写片段)当想到狼的血盆大口，马克因害怕几乎昏厥。尽管吓得要死，马克挣扎着爬起来，拼尽全力把自行车扔向狼。 When thinking of the wolf’s bloody mouth，Mac nearly fainted with fright.Though frightened/scared to death，Mac struggled to crawl up and threw his bicycle at the wolf with all his strength. (2)当有必要时，你可以向慷慨的教授寻求指导。 When necessary，you can turn to the generous professor for guidance. (3)他张开嘴好像要说些什么，但是他摇了摇头，什么也没说就离开了。 He opened his mouth as if to say something，but he shook his head and left without a word. (4)(应用文写作之求助信)如果可能的话，你能提供一些关于如何找到一个在线应用程序的建议吗？ If possible，could you provide some advice on how to find an online app? “find＋宾语＋宾补”结构 Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.(P8 Para.4)身为一个犹太人，爱因斯坦发现学术机构纷纷对他关上大门。 结构分析：此句是复合句，主句中含有“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，意为“发现……处于……状态”，who was Jewish是定语从句，修饰先行词Einstein。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— “find＋宾语＋宾补”结构的具体用法如下： ·find＋宾语(名词/代词)＋宾补 ·find＋it＋宾补＋不定式 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)环顾四周，简发现她自己在陌生的树林里迷路了，她发现她的腿止不住地颤抖，她吓得直冒冷汗。同时她发现很难走出树林，最终，她控制不住自己，大声哭了起来。 Looking around，Jane found herself lost in the unfamiliar forest.She found her legs trembling uncontrollably and she was breaking out in a cold sweat.Meanwhile，she found it difficult/hard to walk out of the forest and finally，she couldn’t contain herself and burst out crying. (2)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)爸爸发现厨房混乱不堪，发现双胞胎既失望又沮丧。知道他们想做什么之后，他主动提出帮助他们做美味的早餐。 The father found the kitchen in a mess/messy and the twins disappointed and upset.After knowing what they wanted to do，he offered to help them cook a delicious breakfast. (3)(2023·北京，书面表达)我的确希望你会觉得以上建议在构建“绿色北京”方面有用。 I do hope that you can find the above suggestions useful/of use in building a Green Beijing. (4)我们上气不接下气地赶往她家，但发现她不在家。 We hurried to her house，out of breath，but we found her out. 本单元的写作任务是描述一个人物，即通过文字对人物的外貌、个性以及主要事迹和贡献进行描述和说明。 1．Born in...，...attended schools in...出生于……，……在……上学。 2．He had...hair and...eyes.他有……头发，……眼睛。 3．She is...with...eyes and...hair.她……，有……眼睛和……头发。 4．He/She is an outstanding man/woman with the name of...他/她是名字叫……的杰出男性/女性。 5．He/She studied at...and graduated from...他/她在……学习，毕业于…… 6．Such a learned/strong-willed person is he/she that we all admire/respect him/her.他/她是如此博学/意志坚定的人，我们都钦佩/尊敬他/她。 7．He/She devoted all his/her life to the work. 他/她终生致力于工作。 8．He/She made great contributions to our country.他/她为我们的国家做出了巨大贡献。 9．He/She was highly thought of by many people.许多人对他/她做出了高度评价。 10．During her career life，she...在她的职业生涯中，她…… 11．His story tells us that we should value what we have，and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life.他的故事告诉我们，我们应该珍惜我们所拥有的，尽力克服生活中的任何困难。 12．...will live in the hearts of us forever.……永远活在我们心中。 你校准备在新建的“名人长廊”中为每一位名人画像配上英语介绍，以便让同学们有更多的机会学习英语。请你根据以下信息写一篇短文介绍郎平。 1．郎平，1960年12月10日出生于天津市。1973年，13岁的郎平开始练习打排球； 2．1978年，因在全国排球比赛中表现突出，进入国家队； 3．从1980年起，郎平获得了很多荣誉及奖励； 4．退役后，郎平成为排球教练。2016年，郎平带领中国女排，时隔12年，在里约奥运会(the Rio Olympic Games)上获得金牌； 5．郎平是中国第一位作为球员和教练员均夺取奥运会冠军的排球运动员。 第一步　审题谋篇 第二步　遣词造句 核心词汇　(含本单元词汇) 1．在……岁时at the age of... 2．承认某人为acknowledge sb as/to be 3．致力于be committed to... 4．中国女排the Chinese Women Volleyball Team 5．非凡的；显著的remarkable 6．不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的extraordinary 7．坚持 insist on 8．由于；因为 as a consequence of 9．因此；所以 consequently 10．众多的；许多的 numerous 11．担任；任职 take up a position 12．强大的 powerful 13．击败；战胜 defeat 14．以……为目标 with the objective of 15．显而易见；显然 apparently 连词成句　(含本单元句型) 1．郎平出生于1960年12月10日，是公认的非凡的排球教练。(并列句) Lang Ping was born on Dec.10th,1960 and she is generally acknowledged to be a remarkable volleyball coach. 2．她在十三岁时就坚持练习打排球，由于她非凡的表现，几年后就进入了国家队。(at the age of; as a consequence of) She insisted on practising playing volleyball at the age of 13 and joined the national team several years later as a consequence of her extraordinary performance. 3．她全身心投入排球中，因此，她获得了很多奖项。(obtain，committed) She was committed to volleyball and consequently，she obtained numerous awards. 4．郎平从排球队退役后，担任排球教练。 After Lang Ping had retired from the volleyball team，she took up a position as a volleyball coach. 5．她的强大的球队打败了许多其他的球队。 Her powerful team defeated many other teams. 6．2016年，她带领中国女排以获得金牌为目标参加了里约奥运会，并且她们成功了。 In 2016，she led the Chinese Women Volleyball Team to take part in the Rio Olympic Games with the objective of winning the gold medal and they made it. 7．显而易见，郎平是中国第一位作为球员和教练员均夺取奥运会冠军的排球运动员。 Apparently，Lang Ping is the first volleyball player to win the Olympic championship as a player and coach in China. 第三步　句式升级 1．将句1改成非限制性定语从句 Lang Ping，who was born on Dec.10th,1960，is generally acknowledged to be a remarkable volleyball coach. 2．将句3改成动词-ing形式作状语 She was committed to volleyball，consequently，obtaining numerous awards. 3．用after doing改写句4 After retiring from the volleyball team，Lang Ping took up a position as a volleyball coach. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 Lang Ping，who was born on Dec.10th,1960，is generally acknowledged to be a remarkable volleyball coach. She insisted on practising playing volleyball at the age of 13 and joined the national team several years later as a consequence of her extraordinary performance.She was committed to volleyball，consequently，obtaining numerous awards.After retiring from the volleyball team，she took up a position as a volleyball coach.Her powerful team defeated many other teams.In 2016，she led the Chinese Women Volleyball Team to take part in the Rio Olympic Games with the objective of winning the gold medal and they made it. Apparently，Lang Ping is the first volleyball player to win the Olympic championship as a player and coach in China. 课时精练(四) A卷(45分) Ⅰ.完成句子(课文佳句仿写)(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分) 1．李时珍，1518年7月3日出生于湖北省，是中国最杰出的医学家之一。(who引导的非限制性定语从句) Li Shizhen，who was born in Hubei Province on July 3,1518，was one of the most outstanding medical scientists. 2．受家庭的影响，他发现自己迷上了医学。(find＋宾语＋宾补) Influenced by his family，he found himself crazy about medicine. 3．时间允许的话，他致力于阅读无数关于医学的书籍。(独立主格结构) Time permitting，he was committed to reading countless books about medicine. 4．在试验新药时，他会勇敢地在自己身上做实验。(状语从句的省略) When/While testing new medicine，he would bravely do experiments on himself. 5．他仔细记下各种草药的每一个细节，最终创造了最伟大的作品《本草纲目》，这是一部中草药的集合。(take down，非限制性定语从句) He carefully took down every detail of various herbs and finally created the greatest work Compendium of Materia Medica，which is a collection of Chinese herbs. Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) In February，Dr.Robert Lefkowitz published a memoir(回忆录) called A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Stockholm: The Adrenaline-Fueled Adventures of an Accidental Scientist.As a physician and biochemist，Lefkowitz is a professor of biochemistry and chemistry at the Duke University Medical Center in Durham，North Carolina. In a recent conversation via video，Lefkowitz said that he wanted his memoir to be “funny，interesting，and easy to understand”．In the book，Lefkowitz humorously describes his Journey from a cardiologist(or a heart doctor) to a biochemist. Lefkowitz’s dream of becoming a doctor began when he was eight years old and growing up in the Bronx of New York City.After his father died of a heart attack，Lefkowitz made up his mind to be a cardiologist.He earned his medical degree at Columbia University. Lefkowitz is no stranger to conducting experiments and making discoveries.He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Brian Kobilka.The two scientists were honored for their discoveries that could help unlock the secrets of many diseases. When asked what played the most important role in his success，Lefkowitz mentioned about himself and he described himself as “reasonably intelligent and creative，hard-working，and not easily disturbed”．He added that being funny could also be very good for you and the people around you. Before winning the Nobel Prize，Lefkowitz did countless experiments，and only 1 out of 50 turned out OK.“With difficult decisions I’ve had to make，I tend to make them with my heart rather than my head，” Lefkowitz said.“However，I don’t mean that deciding with your heart is always right.” At age 78，the scientist has no plans for slowing down.“My body and mind are still working，” he said.“I want to continue running my lab at Duke University and writing and publishing research papers.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作为医生兼生物化学家的罗伯特·莱夫科维茨出版了关于自己职业生涯的回忆录。 1．What directly motivated Lefkowitz to be a doctor? A．His conversation with a cardiologist. B．His father’s death from a heart attack. C．His enthusiasm for a doctor’s memoir. D．His poor physical health in childhood. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“After his father died of a heart attack，Lefkowitz made up his mind to be a cardiologist.”可知，莱夫科维茨的父亲死于心脏疾病直接促使他成为一名医生。故选B。 2．What is the key to Lefkowitz’s success in his own opinion? A．His good teamwork. B．His family’s support. C．His positive qualities. D．His interest in research. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中“When asked what played the most important role in his success，Lefkowitz mentioned about himself and he described himself as ‘reasonably intelligent and creative，hard-working，and not easily disturbed’．”可知，在莱夫科维茨看来，他能够成功的关键是自己聪明，有创造力，勤奋，不容易被打扰，这些都是积极的品质。故选C。 3．What can we learn about Lefkowitz concerning his experiments? A．He suffered from a lot of failure. B．He always succeeded as planned. C．He considered them less challenging. D．He couldn’t do them on his own. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中“Before winning the Nobel Prize，Lefkowitz did countless experiments，and only 1 out of 50 turned out OK.”可知，莱夫科维茨在实验中遭遇过许多失败。故选A。 4．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A travel journal. B．A play review. C．A short story. D．A science magazine. 答案　D 解析　文章出处题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍作为医生和生物化学家的莱夫科维茨出版了关于自己职业生涯的回忆录，故可推断，文章最有可能选自一本科学杂志。故选D。 Ⅲ.应用文写作(满分15分) 假定你是李华，你班本周Class Report的主题是A Man of Perseverance。请你写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1．人物事迹简介； 2．给你的启示。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Good morning，everyone.Today，I’d like to share a story about a man of perseverance. Thanks for your listening. 参考范文 Good morning，everyone.Today，I’d like to share a story about a man of perseverance. Thomas Edison，the great inventor，faced numerous failures before his groundbreaking success.He made countless attempts to invent the electric light bulb，experiencing over a thousand failures.However，instead of giving up，he famously said，“I have not failed.I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.” His tenacity and refusal to accept defeat ultimately led him to success，forever changing the world. This story teaches me a valuable lesson about perseverance.It reminds me that failure is not a reason to quit but an opportunity to learn and grow.It is through persistence that we can overcome obstacles and achieve our goals. In conclusion，let us remember the words of Thomas Edison and embrace perseverance in our own lives. Thanks for your listening. 课时精练(四) B卷(32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A When Joel Bueno informed his parents that he wanted to play music just like his elder twin brothers，the couple were shocked.It seemed an impossible wish to satisfy their adorable boy.But then they found EyeHarp—a gaze-activated digital instrument that their son，diagnosed with cerebral palsy(大脑性瘫痪)，could play.Sitting in a hotel lobby about to go on stage，Joel says the EyeHarp—the name of the instrument as well as the company—brings him joy.But more than that，it enables him to express a range of emotions with others. Zacharias Vamvakousis is the creative force behind EyeHarp.In 2008，he began looking into ways for disabled people to play music when a friend of his had a motorcycle accident that threatened his ability to play the guitar.It set him on a path that integrated(整合) his musical passion with his computer science skills. EyeHarp became a mission.For many people with severe disabilities，expressing basic thoughts and feelings—let alone intentional creative expression—can be a challenge.But Dr.Vamvakousis’ combination of art and technology enables users to communicate from their soul by translating the smallest movements into musical notes on digital instruments of their choice.He created the not-for-profit EyeHarp Association in 2019，with the goal of making musical expression available to all. The EyeHarp is in its fifth version.Now he’s focused on making the instrument as user-friendly as possible for music teachers and therapists(治疗师)．“Playing music is a process that requires studying and having music classes，” he notes.“So if we want it to reach many people，we have to reach first the music teachers.” Globally，around 50 million people could benefit from augmented(增强的) and alternative communication technology，Dr.Vamvakousis estimates.Currently，he says，fewer than 2% are so equipped.So far，around 650 people are using either the basic or advanced versions of EyeHarp. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了 Zacharias Vamvakousis 开发的EyeHarp可以帮助残疾人演奏音乐表达情感、重燃人生希望的故事。 1．Why is Joel Bueno’s experience mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To show his passion for music. B．To introduce a cure for a brain disease. C．To praise his strong will against disability. D．To present the function of a digital instrument. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，EyeHarp 帮助患有大脑性瘫痪的 Joel Bueno实现了演奏音乐的梦想，所以可推断，提到Joel的经历是为了展示一种数码乐器的功能。故选D。 2．What inspired Dr.Vamvakousis to invent EyeHarp? A．His sympathy for Joel Bueno. B．His eagerness to help his friend. C．His pursuit of becoming a musician. D．His ambition to get a master’s degree. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Zacharias Vamvakousis在他的朋友因遭遇车祸而无法弹吉他之后开始研究如何将音乐和电脑技术相结合，最终开发了 EyeHarp来帮助他的朋友。故选B。 3．What does Dr.Vamvakousis think of EyeHarp? A．It is thought poorly of. B．It is an expensive device. C．It has benefited millions of people. D．It has an enormous potential market. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Globally，around 50 million people could benefit from...Currently，he says，fewer than 2% are so equipped.”可推知，Vamvakousis博士认为EyeHarp有一个巨大的潜在市场。故选D。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Music: A Good Way to Find Your Inner Voice B．Zacharias Vamvakousis: A Creative Musician C．EyeHarp: New Hope for Disabled Music Lovers D．Joel Bueno: A Disabled Boy with Strong Willingness 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段内容可知，本文主要介绍了EyeHarp这一发明帮助残疾人演奏音乐来表达情感、重燃人生希望。故选C。 B Graduation is a significant milestone for everyone.An 89-year-old man called Rene Neira had been trying to finish a degree since the 1950s.However，in the 1960s，he was so passionate about urban and economic development of the south side of San Antonio that he stopped school and got involved with the local government.From that time，one of his life goals was to earn a degree in economics.In 2017，the grandpa and his 19-year-old granddaughter both enrolled(入学) at the University of Texas at San Antonio. “There were times when we would get lunch together，be in the library together，and just work silently side-by-side，” Melanie Salazar，Rene’s granddaughter，recalled.“He always had something to say，especially if his professors had different opinions than him，” Melanie said.“And there were often times when a professor would invite him to talk about the past.” Rene’s college years weren’t easy.“He has worked very hard over time.Especially in recent years，with hearing loss and going through seasons of not having a car，there was a term where he had to take medical leave because he had a stroke，so he couldn’t go back to school that term，” said Melanie. After four years，their hard work finally paid off—they graduated.Together，they stood on the stage.Everyone broke into applause and cheered for this fantastic pair. Their story has been making waves online.People have nothing but good words for them.“Awww...I love stories like this.This was such a beautiful moment.Congratulations to both of them.Grandpa definitely demonstrated that one shouldn’t give up their dream no matter how long it takes，” one wrote.Another wrote，“I’m motivated to go back to school myself，thanks to his example.” Rene had the determination to finish his degree even at an advanced stage in his life.Hard work，patience，and determination are the keys to success，especially when the path is not easy or clear. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位89岁的老人Rene Neira在2017年和他的19岁孙女一起入读得克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校的故事。这个故事告诉我们不论年龄多大，都不能放弃自己的梦想，努力、耐心和决心是成功的关键。 5．Why did Rene fail to get a degree when he was young? A．He was not interested in university life then. B．He devoted himself to city development. C．He needed to work to support his family. D．He was not good at his school work. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，in the 1960s，he was so passionate about urban and economic development of the south side of San Antonio that he stopped school and got involved with the local government.”可知，Rene年轻时没有取得学位是因为他为了参与城市经济建设而放弃了学业。故选B。 6．How was Rene’s college life? A．It made him physically ill. B．It was full of surprise. C．It was smooth and plain. D．It came with challenges. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Especially in recent years，with hearing loss and going through seasons of not having a car，there was a term where he had to take medical leave because he had a stroke，so he couldn’t go back to school that term”可知，Rene最近几年听力下降，又经历了几季没有车的日子，还曾经中风，所以他的大学生活充满艰辛和挑战。故选D。 7．What did people think of Rene’s experience? A．Admirable. B．Doubtful. C．Funny. D．Pitiful. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据第五段中“People have nothing but good words for them.”以及“Grandpa definitely demonstrated that one shouldn’t give up their dream no matter how long it takes”以及“Another wrote，‘I’m motivated to go back to school myself，thanks to his example.’”可知，人们认为Rene的经历令人钦佩和赞叹。故选A。 8．What lesson can we learn from Rene’s story? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．It is never too late to achieve one’s dream. C．Genius without education is like silver in the mine. D．A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据最后一段可知，文章通过Rene的经历阐述了一个道理：不论年龄多大，都不能放弃自己的梦想。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) An indoor garden has a positive impact on your life if you take care of them properly.However，if you fail to plan before starting one on your own，you may end up with a few problems. 1 Sun Conditions Plants need an ample amount of sunlight for them to grow properly. 2 Before starting an indoor garden，make sure you’ve conducted a few weeks’ worth of observations about how sunlight behaves inside your home at different times of the day.This will give you an idea as to where your indoor garden is. Space Availability Obviously，the sun conditions would be useless if you don’t have enough space for the garden.That said，consider where the sunlight lands.You must also determine whether you can place a garden there. 3 Do it in such a way that you get to consider your plants’ sunlight needs while also maximizing the space of your home for other things. Budget You will spend a few dollars if you want to start an indoor garden.That’s a fact.This shouldn’t bother you，though. 4 The money you spent on gardening essentials will return in the form of not having to buy certain things in the market because you have one at home.Before starting an indoor garden，consider the budget you want for the garden.This will determine the containers and types of plants you can cultivate. The world will always present us with many problems that can affect us physically，mentally，and emotionally.One great method for achieving a healthy lifestyle is by growing a garden. 5 Thanks to indoor gardening，you can have a slice of paradise in the city. A．If not，you can try rearranging your home. B．To avoid that，you need to consider a few things. C．That means you should consider the availability of sunlight. D．Without enough sunlight，all living things wouldn’t survive. E．Besides，you must consider how to shelter your garden in the sun. F．That’s because，in the long run，indoor gardens are actually money-savers. G．Living in the city is not a problem for people with green fingers anymore. 1．答案　B 解析　根据上句“...if you fail to plan before starting one on your own，you may end up with a few problems.”以及后文提到建立室内花园需要考虑的三个方面的问题可知，设空处应为为了避免出现问题，应该怎么办，B项(为了避免这种情况，你需要考虑几件事)承接上文，并引出下文。故选B。 2．答案　C 解析　根据本段的小标题Sun Conditions以及设空处上句“Plants need an ample amount of sunlight for them to grow properly.”可知，设空处承接上句，说明需要考虑是否有充分的阳光。C项(这意味着你应该考虑阳光的可用性)合乎题意。故选C。 3．答案　A 解析　根据上句“You must also determine whether you can place a garden there.”可知，设空处应承接上句，说明室内花园的定位。再由后文“Do it in such a way...”可知，空处会涉及一种安排方式。A项(如果不能的话，你可以尝试重新布置你的家)给出建议，且与后句相照应。故选A。 4．答案　F 解析　根据上句“You will spend a few dollars if you want to start an indoor garden.That’s a fact.This shouldn’t bother you，though.”可知，后句应该解释不会被初期的花费困扰到的原因。F项(这是因为，从长远来看，室内花园实际上是省钱的)解释其原因。故选F。 5．答案　G 解析　根据后句“Thanks to indoor gardening，you can have a slice of paradise in the city.”可知，设空处引出下文，并且与下文构成因果关系，说明室内花园的好处。G项(对于有园艺技能的人来说，住在城市里不再是问题)符合题意。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $