Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking （Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（人教版）

本讲义围绕屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖及青蒿素研究的阅读理解展开，通过速读（整体文意、篇章结构）、细读（细节题如词义猜测、推理）、读后（语法填空、句子结构分析、词块默写）的递进支架，系统梳理阅读策略与语言知识。 资料以“阅读-语言-应用”为主线，通过多维度训练提升语言能力，推理题和结构分析培养思维品质，中医药文化渗透增强文化意识。语法填空结合课文，课时精练分层次，课中助力教师引导，课后辅助学生巩固查漏。

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the whole passage? A．Tu Youyou’s education at university. B．Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. C．Tu Youyou paid attention to fame. D．Tu Youyou made a breakthrough in medicine on her own. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What does the author want to tell us in the first paragraph? A．A great many people die from malaria every year. B．The reason why Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize. C．Malaria has brought much harm to the people in Africa. D．Artemisinin is used to treat many kinds of diseases. 答案　B 2．What does the word “promise” refer to in the second paragraph? A．Discovery. B．Possibility. C．Activity. D．Examination. 答案　B 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Tu was not sure about the value of traditional Chinese medicine. B．Tu and her team had tested many times before they succeeded. C．Tu was modest and was proud of traditional Chinese medicine. D．Tu was clever and determined while doing some research. 答案　C 4．Which of the following can best describe Tu Youyou? A．Committed and determined. B．Devoted but not patient. C．Selfless and weak. D．Brave but not intelligent. 答案　A 5．Where do you think this passage comes from? A．A TV interview. B．A medical report. C．A book review. D．A newspaper. 答案　D Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Tu Youyou,1.whose research resulted in the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria. Tu Youyou，a 2.committed(commit) and patient scientist，graduated from Peking University Medical School at the age of 25.In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new 3.treatment(treat) for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 4.chosen(choose)．Two years later，she became the head of the project in Beijing，and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts 5.to find(find) traditional botanical treatments for the disease.One medical text from 6.the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves 7.but found no effect.Tu analysed the medical texts again，and found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood 8.apparently(apparent) destroyed its medical properties.9.Using(use) a lower temperature to draw out the extract，she found a substance that worked.This medicine，which 10.was called(call) artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment for malaria. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner)，whose research led to the discovery(discover) of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria.(P2 Para.1) 结构分析：此句为复合句，其中whose引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tu Youyou；a crucial new treatment for malaria是artemisinin的同位语。 汉语翻译：本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一)，她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。 2．In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was(be) more common，to study malaria patients.(P2 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句，where引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Hainan；不定式短语to study malaria patients作目的状语。 汉语翻译：起初，屠呦呦奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。 3．From their research，they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.(P2 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句，that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词treatments。 汉语翻译：通过研究，他们发现并测试了380种不同的有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。 4．One medical text from the fourth(four) century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.(P2 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是简单句，using the extract from sweet wormwood作动词suggested的宾语，to treat a fever作目的状语。 汉语翻译：一本四世纪的医学文献建议采用青蒿提取物治疗发烧。 5．They then tried boiling fresh wormwood，and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria，but this did not work either.(P2 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是连词but连接的并列句，boiling fresh wormwood与using the liquid obtained from this是并列的动词-ing形式短语作宾语，其中obtained from this是动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰the liquid，不定式短语to treat malaria作目的状语。 汉语翻译：之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。 6．She analysed the medical texts again，and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat(treat) the wormwood.(P2 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是and连接的并列句，suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood是动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰名词短语one sentence。 汉语翻译：她再次分析医学文献，碰巧发现其中有一句话建议采用一种不同的方法处理青蒿。 7．She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently(apparent) destroyed its medical properties.(P2 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是复合句，that引导的是宾语从句，boiling the sweet wormwood是动词-ing形式作此从句的主语。 汉语翻译：她得出结论，认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。 8．Using a lower temperature to draw(draw)out the extract，she found a substance that worked.(P3 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是复合句，Using...是动词-ing形式作状语；that worked是定语从句，修饰先行词a substance。 汉语翻译：通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后，她发现了一种有效物质。 9．Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on/upon testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.(P3 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是复合句，testing the medicine on themselves是动词-ing形式作宾语，不定式短语to make sure that it was safe作目的状语，that it was safe是that引导的宾语从句。 汉语翻译：屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。 10．This medicine，which was called(call) artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment(treat) for malaria.(P3 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是复合句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词This medicine。 汉语翻译：这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快就成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 过去分词作后置定语 In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.(P2 Para.2) 1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。 结构分析：此句是由连词and连接的并列句，discovering a new treatment for malaria是动词-ing形式作介词of的宾语，chosen为过去分词作后置定语，修饰the first researchers，相当于定语从句who were chosen。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————·单个的过去分词作定语往往置于被修饰的名词前面；过去分词短语作定语常置于被修饰的名词后面。及物动词的过去分词形式表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的过去分词形式仅仅表示完成。 ·有时为了强调还可将单一的分词置于被修饰的名词之后。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)离期末考试只有一个星期了，所以我们必须充分利用每一分钟来复习功课。 There is only one week left before the end-of-term examination，so we must make full use of every minute to go over our lessons. (2)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)我急忙上前救那只可怜的被蜘蛛网覆盖的蜂鸟。 I hurried forward to save the poor hummingbird covered in spider webs. (3)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)沉浸在极度的悲伤中的大卫忍不住抽泣，他似乎被淹没在无助的海洋中。 David bathed in extreme sadness couldn’t resist sobbing and it seemed as if he were drowned in an ocean of helplessness. upon doing Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.” (P3 Para.4) 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。” 结构分析：此句中的Upon是“一……就……”的意思，that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize是that引导的宾语从句。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————·upon/on doing...一……就……，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。 ·表示“一……就……”的其他形式：as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/ directly/instantly ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)一听说Bernard陷入困境，约翰立即致力于通过做爆米花帮助他。 Upon/On learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty，John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn. (2)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。 As soon as/The instant/Immediately/Instantly/The moment my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief. it作形式主语 It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(P3 Para.4) 中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播，确实是一个荣誉。 结构分析：此句中的it是形式主语，不定式复合结构for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world是真正的主语。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————it作形式主语的常用句式： •It be＋n./adj.＋(for sb) to do sth •It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句 •It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，apparent，obvious，possible...)＋that从句 •It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句 •It＋不及物动词(occur，happen，seem...)＋that从句 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)(应用文写作之演讲稿)做演讲和您分享我对中国传统文化的看法是一种莫大的荣幸。 It is a/my great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on traditional Chinese culture. (2)(话题写作之汉字书写)人们认为由于过多使用电子产品做笔记，我们的书写没有过去好。显然，我们应该养成每天练习书法的习惯；另外，用手写信而不是发邮件给我们的亲戚朋友是个好主意。总之，我们拥有漂亮整洁的书写很重要。 It is thought/believed/supposed that our handwriting is not as good as it was in the past due to too much use of electric products for taking notes.It is obvious that we should form the habit of practising calligraphy every day.Moreover，it is a good idea that we write letters to our relatives and friends by hand instead of sending emails.To conclude，it is important/vital/crucial that we have beautiful and neat handwriting. (3)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我平静地说道：“你要不跑的话，真是遗憾。事实是，除了你自己谁也不能阻止你做你真正想做的事情。”他似乎受到了鼓舞，带着希望的微笑向起跑线走去。 I quietly said，“It is a pity/shame that you have decided not to run.It is a fact that nobody but you yourself can stop you from doing something you really want to.” It seemed that he was inspired and he moved up to the starting line，wearing a hopeful smile. (4)(应用文写作之传统文化)得知你对中国唐诗感兴趣，我非常高兴。你有必要了解一下唐朝的历史。 I’m more than delighted to learn that you are interested in Chinese Tang poetry.It is necessary that you (should) know about the history of the Tang Dynasty. 课文重点词块默写 1．lead to 导致 2．die from 死于 3．become a vital part of 成为……的重要组成部分 4．graduate from毕业于…… 5．with the objective of 目的是 6．in the beginning起初 7．treat a fever 治疗发烧 8．get stuck 被卡住或陷入困境 9．acknowledge defeat 承认失败 10．by chance 偶然 11．insist on 坚持(做某事)，坚决要求 12．make sure确保 13．according to 根据 14．a team effort 团队努力 课时精练(二) A卷(40分) Ⅰ.完成句子(话题写作之人物描写)(满分15分) 1．我最尊敬的人是我的致力于教学和指导我们的班主任。(be committed to；过去分词短语作后置定语) The person I respect most is my head teacher committed to teaching and guiding us. 2．一听到我们要承认失败，他坚持主张我们应该坚持我们的目标，直到我们实现它们。(upon doing; insist that；acknowledge) Upon hearing we will acknowledge defeat，he will insist that we (should) stick to our goals until we achieve them. 3．同时，他总是强调养成良好学习习惯的重要性，这对我们进一步的发展非常重要。(非限制性定语从句；be vital for) Meanwhile，he always stresses the importance of forming good learning habits，which is vital for our further development. 4．显而易见，正是他的投入和指导使我们能够在学业成绩方面取得越来越多的进步。(it作形式主语) It is apparent/obvious that it is his commitment and guidance that enable us to make more and more progress in our academic performances. 5．总而言之，我们班所有的学生公认他为最受尊重的老师。(acknowledge sb to be/as...) All in all，all the students in our class acknowledge him to be/as the most respectable teacher. 组句成篇以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) Gerty Cori，the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine，was born Gerty Theresa Radnitz in Prague in 1896.Gerty decided at the age of sixteen to study medicine.She entered the Realgymnasium at Tetschen，from which she graduated in 1914，and then went to the Medical School of the German University of Prague.While in medical school，Gerty met Carl Cori，a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research.In 1920，the two published the results of their first joint research，received their medical degrees，and married each other. Gerty’s first research position was as an assistant in the Karolinen Children’s Hospital in Vienna.In 1922，Carl Cori moved to the United States to join the staff of the New York State Institute for the Study of Malignant Diseases in Buffalo，New York.Gerty Cori moved a few months later，starting as an assistant pathologist(病理学家) at the Institute and later rising to an assistant biochemist.In 1928，the Coris became US citizens. In 1931，Carl Cori accepted the position of chairman of the Department of Pharmacology of the Washington University School of Medicine(WUSM)，while Gerty Cori was hired as a research fellow.In the early 1940s the Coris moved to the Department of Biological Chemistry.Gerty Cori was made an associate(副的) professor of Research Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology in 1943.She was elevated to the rank of professor of Biological Chemistry in July 1947，the same year she and her husband were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on the metabolism of glycogen(糖代谢)． In 1947，Gerty Cori began showing the signs of myelofibrosis，an unusual blood disease.She fought the disease for ten years，refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life.Gerty Cori died on October 26,1957. 语篇解读　本文是一篇人物传记。文章简要介绍了美国首位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的女性——格蒂·科里。 1．What can we learn about Gerty’s husband? A．He shared the same interests with Gerty. B．He moved to the USA later than Gerty. C．He married Gerty while in medical school. D．He studied pathology under the influence of Gerty. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“While in medical school，Gerty met Carl Cori，a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research.”可知，格蒂的丈夫卡尔和她有着相同的兴趣爱好。故选A。 2．Which of the following is the correct order of the events in Gerty’s life? a．She moved to the USA. b．She won the Nobel Prize. c．She met her husband Carl. d．She got a job in the WUSM. e．She received her medical degree. A．e，a，c，b，d B．c，e，a，d，b C．e，c，a，d，b D．c，a，e，b，d 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。通读全文可知，格蒂在布拉格大学医学院读书时认识了后来的丈夫；两人于1920年获得医学学位；之后夫妇二人于1922年移民到美国；1931年格蒂和丈夫任职于华盛顿大学医学院；1947年他们共同获得诺贝尔奖。故选B。 3．What does the underlined word “elevated” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Adapted. B．Defeated. C．Promoted. D．Committed. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Gerty Cori was made an associate(副的) professor of Research Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology in 1943.She was elevated to the rank of professor of Biological Chemistry in July 1947.”可知，1943年格蒂是副教授，1947年7月她是教授，由此可以推断画线词为“晋升，升职”的意思。故选C。 4．What can we infer about Gerty from the last paragraph? A．She was satisfied with her later life. B．She was in poor health all her life. C．She died of a common disease. D．She was very mentally strong. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She fought the disease for ten years，refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life.”可知，即使与病魔作斗争，格蒂也没有放弃自己的研究事业，直到生命的尽头。由此可以推断，她有着十分顽强的意志力。故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Dogs are our friends.Taking your dog to work with you can be great for 1 . That was what Steyaert，who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market learned after 2 her dog Nelson there. At first，she did so just to prevent him from being 3 during the day. She put a blanket in front of her stand so that Nelson could sit there 4 and take in everything around him. Soon Steyaert realized that Nelson’s presence would 5 shoppers walking by. “He lifts his paw to greet people，” Steyaert said. “He knows how to steal their 6 .And people’s behaviour made me 7 . I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.” The 8 Nelson gets from strangers passing by varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love. Many people have 9 him over the years. Steyaert，in turn，has gained more 10 within her community. “It happens often that people 11 me through Nelson，” Steyaert said. Besides interesting many shoppers，Nelson has also 12 some people. For example，one day a girl asked Steyaert if she could pet Nelson. She told Steyaert her dog had just passed away and that it was 13 to see and pet Nelson. That encouraged Steyaert to 14 her influential act of taking Nelson to her workplace. While Nelson’s presence in the market 15 Steyaert’s sales，it’s their relationship that benefits much more from it. “He’s my best friend and always at my side，” Steyaert said. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。几年来，在露天市场卖女装的斯泰耶特都带着她的狗狗纳尔逊去上班，纳尔逊吸引了很多路人的注意，给斯泰耶特带来了很多生意，也跟很多人成为朋友，甚至治愈了他们，更重要的是，这让斯泰耶特和纳尔逊的关系受益良多。 1．A.health B．business C．education D．exercise 答案　B 解析　business生意；education教育；exercise锻炼。根据后文“who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market”可知，此处是指带狗上班对生意会很有好处。故选B。 2．A.training B．losing C．bringing D．buying 答案　C 解析　train训练；lose失去；bring带来；buy购买。根据前文“Taking your dog to work with you”可知，此处是指带着狗去市场之后。故选C。 3．A.alone B．dirty C．lazy D．impolite 答案　A 解析　alone孤独的；lazy懒惰的；impolite不礼貌的。根据“during the day”和“prevent him from being”可知，此处是指防止它在白天孤单。故选A。 4．A.quietly B．freely C．curiously D．comfortably 答案　D 解析　quietly安静地；freely自由地；curiously好奇地；comfortably舒适地。根据“She put a blanket in front of her stand”可知，此处是指纳尔逊可以舒服地坐在那里。故选D。 5．A.terrify B．attract C．rescue D．annoy 答案　B 解析　terrify使惊吓；attract吸引；rescue拯救；annoy使恼怒。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊的出现会吸引路过的顾客。故选B。 6．A.hearts B．customers C．seats D．dreams 答案　A 解析　customer顾客；seat座位。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊知道如何偷走他们的心。故选A。 7．A.anxious B．disappointed C．hopeless D．surprised 答案　D 解析　anxious焦虑的；disappointed失望的；hopeless绝望的；surprised惊讶的。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特感到惊讶。故选D。 8．A.skill B．encouragement C．attention D．knowledge 答案　C 解析　skill技巧；encouragement鼓励；attention关注；knowledge知识。根据“varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指路过的陌生人对纳尔逊的关注度各不相同。故选C。 9．A.befriended B．chosen C．forgotten D．raised 答案　A 解析　befriend成为……的朋友；choose选择；forget忘记；raise抚养。根据前文“from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指许多人都和它成为朋友。故选A。 10．A.income B．power C．trust D．fame 答案　D 解析　income收入；power力量；trust信任；fame名气。根据后文“It happens often that people me through Nelson”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特在她的社区里获得了更多的名气。故选D。 11．A.guide B．recognize C．contact D．praise 答案　B 解析　guide指导；recognize认识，认出；contact联络；praise表扬。根据“through Nelson”可知，此处是指人们通过狗狗纳尔逊认识主人斯泰耶特。故选B。 12．A.healed B．followed C．partnered D．admired 答案　A 解析　heal治愈；follow跟随；partner成为搭档；admire钦佩。根据后文“She told Steyaert that her dog had just passed away...to her workplace.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊治愈了一些人。故选A。 13．A.interesting B．difficult C．heartwarming D．discouraging 答案　C 解析　interesting有趣的；difficult困难的；heartwarming暖心的；discouraging令人沮丧的。根据“to see and pet Nelson”可知，此处是指看到并抚摸纳尔逊是一件很温暖的事。故选C。 14．A.change B．continue C．reconsider D．record 答案　B 解析　continue继续；reconsider重新考虑；record记录。根据“That encouraged Steyaert”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特继续她的有影响力的行为。故选B。 15．A.cuts down B．subscribes to C．tracks down D．contributes to 答案　D 解析　cut down减少；subscribe to赞成，订阅；track down追踪，查找；contribute to有助于，促成。根据前文可知，纳尔逊的出现吸引了很多顾客，有助于斯泰耶特的销售。故选D。 课时精练(二) B卷(32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A The Oxford dictionary defines the word “success” as “an accomplishment of an aim” and “attaining fame，social status(地位) or wealth”．Is this how we measure success in life? If you are rich，you’ll have people say “you have everything” or “you’re already successful in life” or a similar statement that means you have money and are well settled.There are many people who feel this way，while there are many who feel that success is not just having a lot of money. The thing is，your concept of success is connected to your beliefs and values，and if your values tell you that success in life means money，then there is nothing that will change your mind.On the other hand，if your value system says that having money，stability，peace，happiness and contentment in your life are equally important，then you have an entirely different idea of success in life.There are a lot of people in this world that are wealthy.However，they are unhappy.There are a lot of people who do not make a lot of money，but are happy with what they have. There are different kinds of people in the world，and each one has a different view on what being successful really is about.Here are a few common opinions about success. •Success in life means having money. •Success in life means winning games or competitions. •Success in life means achieving your goal. •Success in life means getting the job you wanted. •Success in life means owning a nice house，a good car and having all the costly comforts life has to offer. •Success in life means being famous. •Success in life means having influence，power and control. •Success in life means being free from insecurities，fears and wants. The one thing that is common to the statements above is that they include accomplishment，attainment and fulfillment(实现)．Another thing is that it’s something you yearn for or that gives you an unspoken advantage over others. 1．Why is the definition of success in the Oxford dictionary mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To make practical suggestions. B．To lead in the topic for discussion. C．To clarify the exact meaning of success. D．To compare different ideas about success. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由第一段首句并结合后文作者展开对成功定义的阐述可知，第一段提到牛津词典对成功的定义是为了引入文章讨论的主题。故选B。 2．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．One’s value system matters a lot. B．One should be grateful for what he has. C．Success determines one’s beliefs and values. D．Happy people are more likely to obtain success. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。由第二段的“The thing is，your concept of success is connected to your beliefs and values，and if your values tell you that success in life means money...”可知，一个人的价值观对定义什么是成功至关重要。故选A。 3．What does the underlined phrase “yearn for” in the last paragraph mean? A．Choose. B．Lack. C．Desire. D．Achieve. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。由最后一段“The one thing that...above is that they include accomplishment，attainment and fulfillment(实现)．Another thing is that it’s something you yearn for or that...”可知，成就、造诣等都是人们渴望获得的，能带给人巨大的优势，推测画线短语表示“渴望”，与desire同义。故选C。 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．What Is the Concept of Success? B．How Can Success Be Achieved in Life? C．Can Success Really Bring Money in Life? D．Does Success in Life Mean Having Money? 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。由第一段首句以及第三段开头“...each one has a different view on what being successful really is about.”可知，文章通过引用不同的观点来阐释成功的含义，所以“成功的概念是什么？”可以作为文章标题。故选A。 B One of the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal.When describing his career，Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world”． Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students.They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful.But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case. Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal.They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”，or “Renaissance”． The writers looked at past Nobel Prize winners and their students.They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes，some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests.They are，in a way，learning how to be creative. Having many interests，the Root-Bernsteins wrote，permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems.In fact，one important part of science is not discovering answers，but recognizing problems that need to be solved. The prize winners，the Root-Bernsteins said，transfer skills，techniques and materials from one field to another. They said Alexis Carrel won his Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by using techniques he learned from the clothing business.He realized that people who used thread to make and fix clothing had a skill that could be used in operations to put new organs into people’s bodies. The Michigan State professors study creativity.They found Nobel winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood，metal or in the arts than most scientists.The Michigan State researchers say that unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up some of their outside interests，Nobel winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Michele Root-Bernstein和Robert Root-Bernstein研究发现，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者可以被称为“博学家”，或者“全才”。 5．What comes as a surprise to students according to the passage? A．Meldal’s winning Nobel Prize. B．Meldal’s original working field. C．Meldal’s desire to understand the world. D．Meldal’s study with Michigan State University. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“When describing his career，Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he ‘wanted to understand the world’．”和第二段中“Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students.They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful.”可知，令学生们感到惊讶的是Meldal最初的工作领域。故选B。 6．What kind of people can be sorted as “polymaths” or “Renaissance”？ A．People who only concentrate on just one field. B．People who are committed lifelong to their career. C．People who are equipped with various interests. D．People who are admired for established achievements. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段末“They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as ‘polymaths’，or ‘Renaissance’．”和第四段中“They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes，some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests.”可推知，被归类为“博学家”或“全才”的人是有各种各样兴趣爱好的人。故选C。 7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the Root-Bernsteins’ discovery? A．Tolerant. B．Cautious. C．Negative. D．Objective. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第三段中“Having many interests，the Root-Bernsteins wrote，permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems.”和倒数第二段的“The prize winners，the Root-Bernsteins said，transfer skills，techniques and materials from one field to another.”可知，本文作者只是转述Root-Bernstein夫妇的发现，因此作者对于Root-Bernstein夫妇的发现持客观态度，故选D。 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A Secret to Winning Top Prize B．A Creative Scientist C．A Born Nobel Prize Winner D．An Amazing Rise to Fame 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal.They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as ‘polymaths’，or ‘Renaissance’．”可知，本文主要讲的是研究发现，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者是博学多才的，这可以说是获得诺贝尔奖的秘诀，故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Being the Best: Common Qualities of Nobel Prize Winners We celebrate Nobel Prize winners for expanding knowledge，improving the planet，and enriching lives.These awards highlight significant contributions from intellectuals in advancing our progress. 1 Thinking outside the box. 2 It allows us to look past and think ahead.The limit of knowledge is our inability to observe the world and ideas in a new way.Albert Einstein，for example，revolutionized physics by looking beyond Newtonian concepts.Nobel Prize winners frequently display enormous amounts of open-mindedness. Acting with persistence. People somehow get the false impression that breakthroughs happen during a sudden moment of understanding.A light shining on their face，music bursts into the background，and the person immediately discovers some previously hidden answer.Although this scene is wonderful for movies，usually gaining new understandings is a much more complicated process. 3 Those who won Nobel Prize persist when others gave up.Only those with enormous amounts of persistence can work past these obstacles. 　4　 Cooperation motivates us，and allows us to consider alternative ideas.These activities create an atmosphere of creation and learning.Additionally，many Nobel Prizes are awarded to multiple people，since the work was accomplished by an assortment(各式各样的) of intellectuals working together. These traits exist as similarities among Nobel Prize winners. 5 However，even if you do not achieve this admirable goal，you will indeed have a much greater chance of success in whatever you pursue. A．Working in groups. B．Considering alternative ideas. C．Creativity is one of the most important human resources. D．As for us，we can still learn from the common qualities of the winners. E．Years of devotion，frustration，and even failure usually come before success. F．Of course，displaying these qualities does not mean certainly winning a Nobel Prize. G．The Nobel Prizes are the most significant awards given for extraordinary achievements. 语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔奖得主的共同品质，并激励我们学习这些品质从而取得成功。 1．答案　D 解析　根据上文可知，知识分子为了人类的进步做出了重大贡献，而下文则提到了这些知识分子的一些品质。选项D承上启下，引出下文所列举的这些品质。故选D。 2．答案　C 解析　根据下文内容可知，这些获奖者通常有创造性思维，思想非常开明。选项C与下文内容一致，指出创造力的重要性。故选C。 3．答案　E 解析　根据上文可知，成功并不像电影里展现的那么简单，它是一个更为复杂的过程。选项E承接上文，同时也引出下文内容，即诺贝尔奖获得者的成功离不开坚持不懈。故选E。 4．答案　A 解析　空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Cooperation motivates us，and allows us to...creation and learning.”可知，本段主要讲述的是合作学习或者说团体工作是非常重要的。选项A与下文内容一致。故选A。 5．答案　F 解析　根据空前一句可知，诺贝尔奖获得者大多拥有上文提到的品质。选项F延续上文内容，指的是虽然诺贝尔奖获得者大多拥有这些品质，但并不是拥有这些品质就可以获奖。同时引出下文，即便不能获奖，我们也可以学习这些品质，帮助自己成功。故选F。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $