主题语境提分练30 人与自然之人与环境(二)-【百强名校168优化组合卷】2026年高考英语高三二轮复习卷

主题语境提分练三十　人与自然之人与环境(二) 分值:50分 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) (2018·全国Ⅲ卷) Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are,like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City,for example,is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000. Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives. But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762. 1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City? Its business culture. Its small population. Its geographical position. Its favourable climate. 2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson? Two-thirds of them stayed there. One out of five people got rich. Almost everyone gave up. Half of them died. 3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson? They found the city too crowded. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere. They were unable to stand the winter. They were short of food. 4.What is the text mainly about? The rise and fall of a city. The gold rush in Canada. Journeys into the wilderness. Tourism in Dawson. (2018·浙江卷) Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.  Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台).The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. Environmentalists don't dispute (质疑) these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years. 5.What has Steven Stein been hired to do? Help increase grocery sales. Recycle the waste material. Stop things falling off trucks. Argue for the use of plastic bags. 6.What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to? Bans on plastic bags. Effects of city development. Headaches caused by garbage. Plastic bags hung in trees. 7.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers? They are quite expensive. Replacing them can be difficult. They are less strong than plastic bags. Producing them requires more energy. 8.What is the best title for the text? Plastic, Paper or Neither Industry, Pollution and Environment Recycle or Throw Away Garbage Collection and Waste Control Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分) (2025·江西高三一模) When I started my Ph.D., I knew my work was producing much waste, but I took it for granted.That all 　1　 one day when I saw plastic waste piled against the wall.  I went to my adviser and decided to create 3D-printed lab　2　 out of our waste.But the process of making these tools didn't go smoothly.After months of 　3　, I felt worried about my dream.  It was a　4　 when my colleagues were eager to join us.We created a group devoted to 　5　 other greener ways.We began meeting every month to discuss some 　6　.We introduced new recycling bins to each lab after learning that some waste could be recycled if it was sorted 　7　.And we also tracked the energy consumption of lab equipment.By doing these, we could create 　8　 on how to use each device.  Our most energy-hungry devices were the ultra-low-temperature freezers, which caused much trouble.So, we started to　9　 it, asking labs to remove samples that were not 　10　 anymore and make the most of the remaining ones.Through those 　11　, we managed to increase the temperature of several freezers after realizing some samples didn't have to be stored so 　12　.  I'm still disappointed that I couldn't　13　 my 3D-printing dream, and I'm determined enough to keep trying.I've also learned that if one 　14　 isn't working, sometimes it's best to take a step back and look for other solutions.I'm 　 15　 that with my colleagues' help, we were able to do that.  1.mattered changed happened worked 2.tests buildings machines tools 3.struggling dreaming delaying preparing 4.lesson relief signal point 5.searching for settling for heading for longing for 6.solutions topics articles techniques 7.randomly accidentally appropriately suddenly 8.pictures instructions patterns details 9.advocate protect adopt challenge 10.issued licensed needed involved 11.occasions efforts experiments manners 12.deep secret cold high 13.discuss practice realize pursue 14.position power direction approach 15.grateful anxious hopeful curious Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分) (2021·全国甲卷) The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history.It 1. 　 (build) originally to protect the city 2.　　　　　　　　　 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).It is possible 3.　　　　　　　　　 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.  We accessed the wall through the South Gate.The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After 4.　　　　　　　　　 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 5.　　　　　　　　　 (good)than to ride on a piece of history!  We 6.　　　　　　　　　 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky 7.　　　　　　　　 did the job.It took us about 3 hours to go all 8. 　 way around the Xi'an  City Wall.Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9. 　 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10. 　 (day) routines. 词汇积累 A ①熟词生义:mouth n.口(熟义);出入口(生义) ②派生词:unmapped [un+map+(p)ed] adj.地图上未标明的 B ①名词动化:eye n.眼睛→v.注视,细看 ②派生词:reusable (re+use+able) adj.可再用的 完形填空 ①take...for granted认为……理所当然 ②名词动化:track n.小道;踪迹→v.跟踪;追踪……的动向 语法填空 ①名词动化:access n.通道;入径→v.接近,进入 ②派生词:defensive (defend+sive) adj.防御(性)的;戒备的 难句剖析 B His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter,including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. 本句是主从复合句。句中when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter为时间状语从句,其中that引导宾语从句,who引导定语从句,修饰先行词an environmental scientist,how to reduce litter为how+to do结构在句中作宾语,that引导定语从句,修饰先行词things,as引导时间状语从句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZXxk.c0m● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 主题语境提分练三十 I.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大道森的历史、发展与现状。 1.C[推理判断题。根据第一段中的"New York City.to8 million'可推知，由于纽约市地处哈德逊 河入海口，其优越的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。C选项“Its geographical position'正确。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Of the first20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.可 知，在最先的两万淘金者中，有4000人变得富有了，换言之，即有五分之一的人(One out of five people)变得富有了，故答案为B。] 3.B[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But soon..they had come.可知，当道森的黄金都被发掘后，人 们听说在阿拉斯加发现了新的金矿，他们便很快离开道森了。由此可推知，他们是想去阿拉斯加碰 碰运气。] 4.A[文章大意题。本文主要以道森为例，讲述了城市的兴衰，故A项正确。] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了塑料袋和可重复使用纸袋的情况。到底是该 禁止塑料袋？还是纸袋？还是两者都禁？让我们读文章了解一下吧。 5.D[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“is defending an industry'和第二段中的"like Stein to make..most people assume'可推知，Stein是一个为塑料业，特别是支持塑料袋使用发声的科学家，故 选D项。] 6.A[词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的"The bags are prohibited in some90 cities'可知，大约90个 城市已经禁止使用塑料袋，再根据画线词下文的内容可知画线词指代上文提到的禁止使用塑料袋， 故选A项。] 7.D[细节理解题。根据第四段中的"However,.longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知，生产可重复使用的袋子会消耗更多的能源，故选D项。] 8.A[标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“Environmentalists don't.banned someday too'并结合全文 可知，本文主要讲述了塑料袋和可重复使用纸袋的利弊。故A项能很好地概括全文。] Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在攻读博士学位时意识到了实验室严 重的废物问题，开始尝试用废物进行3D打印，但遇到挑战。在同事的帮助下，他们探索了其他环保 措施，如回收和节能。尽管3D打印项目未成功，作者学会了寻找替代方案，并对同事的参与表示感 激。 独家授权侵权必究 多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 l.B[根据下文"I went to my adviser and decided to create3D-printed lab out of our waste.” 可知，作者决定用实验产生的废物制作东西，因此是意识到废物问题的严重性了，情况发生了改变，故 选B项。] 2.D[根据下文“But the process of making these tools didn't go smoothly..'可知，空处是指用废物制 作3D打印的实验室工具，故选D项。] 3.A[根据上文“But the process of making these tools didn't go smoothly.可知，过程进展并不顺利， 因此是经过几个月的挣扎，故选A项。] 4.B[根据后文“when my colleagues were eager to join us'可知，同事们想加入作者的项目中，应是 让作者松了一口气，故选B项。] 5.A[根据下文"We introduced new recycling bins to each lab after learning that some waste could be recycled if it was sorted .And we also tracked the energy consumption of lab equipment.."可知， 他们引入了新的回收箱，追踪了实验室设备的能耗，因此是致力于寻找其他更环保的方式，故选A 项。] 6.A[根据下文"sometimes it's best to take a step back and look for other solutions'可知，他们开会讨 论一些解决方案，故选A项。] 7.C[根据上文"some waste could be recycled''可推知，一些垃圾如果分类得当就可以回收，故选C 项。] &.B[根据上文"And we also tracked the energy consumption of lab equipment.可知，他们追踪了实 验室设备的能耗，再结合下文"on how to use each device''可推知，应该是根据能耗情况创建如何使 用每个设备的说明，从而实现节能的目的故选B项。] 9.D[根据上文"Our most energy-hungry devices were the ultra-low-temperature freezers,.which caused much trouble.可知，在实验室中，最耗能的设备是超低温冷冻机，它带来了很多麻烦，作者他们 想解决这个问题，所以是一种挑战，故选D项。] l0.C[根据上文“remove samples'可推知，在实验室中能取出的样本应该是不再需要了，故选C 项。] ll.B[根据前文"asking labs to remove samples that were not anymore and make the most of the remaining ones'可知，作者要求实验室去除不再需要的样本，并充分利用剩余的样本，所以是通 过这些努力，故选B项。] 独家授权侵权必究 学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 l2.C[根据前文"we managed to increase the temperature of several freezers'可知，作者他们设法提 高了几个冰柜的温度，因为他们意识到有些样品不需要保存那么冷，故选C项。] 13.C[根据前文"T'm still disappointed'可知，作者感到失望，因为没能实现3D打印梦想，故选C 项。] 14.D[根据后文"sometimes it's best to take a step back and look for other solutions'可知，此处是 “一种方法不起作用，有时最好是退一步，寻找其他解决方案”之意，故选D项。] 15.A[根据后文“with my colleagues'help可知，对于同事的帮助，作者应是感激的，故选A项。] Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者骑租来的自行车游览中国西安古城墙的一 次美好经历。 1.was built[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，与主语it构成动宾 关系，故用被动语态；根据originally可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时且主语It为第 三人称单数形式，所以填was built。.] 2.in[考查介词。表示"在..…朝代”应用介词in。] 3.to walk[考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是固定句型"Itis+ad.+(for sb)to do sthi”,It是形 式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语。] 4.spending[考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词，后应接动词的-ing形式。故填spending。] 5.better[考查比较等级。分析句子结构，且根据空后的than可知，空处应用good的比较级。] 6.hired[考查时态。根据上下文可知，此句描述的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时。] 7.but[考查并列连词。根据空处前后的句意可知，“自行车又旧又摇晃”与"能骑”之间是转折关 系。故用表转折的连词but。] 8.the[考查冠词。all the way为固定短语，意为”一直，一路上”。] 9.watchtowers[考查名词的数。并列连词and连接的词在形式上应保持一致，and前的gates是名词 的复数形式，故空处应用所给词的复数形式watchtowers。] l0.daily[考查词性转换。修饰名词routines应用形容词形式，daily routine为固定搭配，意为"日常 生活”。] 独家授权侵权必究 多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 ·独家授权侵权必究