主题语境提分练29 人与自然之人与环境(一)-【百强名校168优化组合卷】2026年高考英语高三二轮复习卷

主题语境提分练二十九　人与自然之人与环境(一) 分值:40分 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (2018·全国Ⅱ卷) Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein).Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质).The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C. When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.If you like,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.Frozen bananas will last several weeks,depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries of sliced fruit.Out comes a “soft-serve”creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.  1.What does the author seem to like about cherries? They contain protein. They are high in vitamin A. They have a pleasant taste. They are rich in antioxidants. 2.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas? To make them smell better. To keep their colour. To speed up their ripening. To improve their nutrition. 3.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph? A dessert. A drink. A container. A machine. 4.From which is the text probably taken? A biology textbook. A health magazine. A research paper. A travel brochure. (2019·江苏卷) In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.  Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro,which are created when erupting magma (岩浆)piles up.These can form remarkably quickly.In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land.In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high.Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct.There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building.These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack,leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere. Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera:almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera.The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. 5.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone? Its complicated geographical features. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism. The mysterious history of the park. The exact location of the volcano. 6.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? The shapes of volcanoes. The impacts of volcanoes. The activities of volcanoes. The heights of volcanoes. 7.What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean? Hot-air balloon. Digital camera. Big photograph. Bird's view. (2019·浙江卷) California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素). The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源). But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.  The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪). Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air,and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 8.What is the second paragraph mainly about? The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. The increasing variety of California big trees. The distribution of big trees in California forests. The influence of farming on big trees in California. 9.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? Ecological studies of forests. Banning woodcutting. Limiting housing development. Fire control measures. 10.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre? Inadequate snowmelt. A longer dry season. A warmer climate. Dampness of the air. 11.What can be a suitable title for the text? California's Forests:Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests? Patrick McIntyre:Grow More Big Trees in California. Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) (2020·浙江卷) Let's take a minute to think about the water we use.The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy.When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water. 　1　 For example,farmers,who produce the food we eat,use water to make the plants grow.When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.  The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want,but this is not the case for many people around the world.　2　 That's around one in ten people in the world.If we drink dirty water,we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill.Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhoea (腹泻) from dirty water.That's around 1,400 children every day!Also,in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.　3　 Therefore,they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.  　4　 On this day every year,countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world.At one school in the UK,children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6 km with six litres of water.　5　 People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.  A.We use water indirectly too. B.Every system in our body depends on water to function. C.It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems. D.If children walk many hours a day to get water,they can't go to school. E.Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink? F.In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water. G.In this way,they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles. 1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　 词汇积累 A ①派生词:ripeness (ripe+ness) n.成熟;成熟度 ②派生词:creamy (cream+y) adj.含奶油的;光滑细腻的 B ①熟词生义:spring n.春天(熟义);泉(生义) ②名词动化:top n.顶,顶端→v.高于,超过,高过 ③派生词:explosive (explode+sive) adj.(易)爆炸的;爆发(性)的 C ①名词动化:document n.文件→v.记录 ②派生词:dampness (damp+ness) n.湿气,潮湿;湿度 七选五 ①派生词:indirectly (in+direct+ly) adv.间接地 难句剖析 B In the 1960s,while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park,Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that,oddly,had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the park's volcano. 本句是主从复合句。句中while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park为状语从句的省略形式,that引导定语从句,修饰先行词something。 C But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. 本句是主从复合句。句中done in the 1920s and 1930s为过去分词短语作定语,修饰a study of California forests,that引导定语从句,修饰先行词a widespread death of big trees,protected from woodcutting or development为过去分词短语作定语,修饰wildlands。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $色学科网书城四 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 主题语境提分练二十九 I.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们爱七月，因为七月是收获的季节，各种 浆果和核果喜获丰收。那么如何加工食用这些果实呢？这些果实各自又含有哪些营养成分呢？ l.C[细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句可知应该选C项，樱桃很美味。have a pleasant taste 与be so delicious表义相同。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句If you like,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.”可知，把新鲜的柠檬汁挤到香蕉上会防止它变色。] 3.D[词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文中的they love feeding.into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below可推断出，juicer应该是榨汁机的意思。] 4.B文章出处题。全文主要介绍了一些七月成熟的果实以及这些果实的营养成分等，而这自然与 健康饮食有关，介绍这类内容的文章应该是刊载在健康杂志上的。] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了鲍勃探寻黄石国家公园火山的故事。 5.D[细节理解题。根据第一段中的…Bob Christiansen became puzzled about..had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the park's volcano可知，让鲍勃感到迷惑的是，他在黄石国家公园没有 找到火山，即火山的准确位置。] 6.A[段落大意题。文章的第二段主要介绍了两种类型的火山的形成过程，所以本段主要讲述了火 山的形态，故选A项。] 7.C[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的..a nice blow-up for one of the visitors'centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos.…可知，the photos所指的就是前面提及的blow-up,所以推断blow-up相 当于photo(photograph),故选C项。] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇调查报告。调查表明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变化是其中的 一个主要因素。 8.A[段落大意题。第二段中通过列举一系列数字表明加利福尼亚州的大树减少的严重性，故A项 正确。] 9.D推理判断题。文章第三段提到了造成加利福尼亚州的大树减少的三个因素。前两个因素直 接与大树的减少有关如果能控制住，大树就不会减少而第三个因素一控制野火的措施使得加利 福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是为了控制野火这是好的，实侧对大树不利，故 D项正确。] 独家授权侵权必究· 多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxXk.Gom○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 l0.C[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的.the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures..可知，水不足的主要原因就是气温升高(rising temperatures),即更加温 暖的气候，故C项正确。] ll.A[标题归纳题。本文是一篇调查报告，第一段就点出主题：California has lost half its big trees since the1930s。后面具体分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树减少的原因等，A项作为标题 最合适。] Ⅱ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了水的重要性。当前世界上很多人喝不到干净的水， 我们要珍惜水资源。 l1.A[结合上文的The human body is60%water and we need to drink lots of water'和下文的use water to make the plants grow'"we need water to produce this energy可知，第一段讲述了人类直接用 水，而第二段讲述了人类间接用水，故选A项。] 2.E[结合下文的That's around one in ten people in the world.If we drink dirty water'可知，此处讲述 世界上还有很多人缺少干净的饮用水，而这与E项中的do not have clean water to drink信息一致。 特别要注意选项中及下文的关键词people的呼应和选项中及上文的clean water的呼应。] 3.D[结合上文提到的Also,in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water..” 和下文的Therefore,they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.,可知， 在一些国家孩子们为了取水需要花费大量的时间，因此不能上学。故选D项。要注意选项中的 children和get water与上文的呼应，以及选项中的school与下文的read or write和get an education 的呼应。] 4.F[根s据下文的On this day every year,countries around the world hold events to educate people'可 知，下文具体提到了每年这一天人们要做的事情，这是F项的进一步拓展，由此答案选F项。] 5.G[结合上文的children between the ages of 10andl5walk6 km with six litres of water'可知，这 所学校的孩子要体验取水的艰辛，10一15岁的孩子要提着6升水走6干米，这与选项G中的walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles'相符。要注意选项中的n this way‘通过这种方式是对上文的 延伸。故答案为G项。] 独家授权侵权必究