精品解析：浙南名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期十月联考英语试题

绝密★考试结束前 2025年学年第一学期浙南名校联盟十月联考 高三年级英语学科 试题 考生须知： 1. 本卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟； 2. 答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。 3. 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效； 4. 考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。 选择题部分 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案 转涂到答题纸上。 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15. 答案是C。 1. When will the man meet Lisa? A. On Thursday. B. On Friday. C. On Saturday. 2. Why does the woman make the phone call? A. To place an order. B. To complain about the price. C. To correct the product details. 3. Where does the conversation take place? A. At home. B. At a hotel. C. At a restaurant. 4. How does the woman probably feel? A. Nervous. B. Annoyed. C. Sad. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A The opening hours of an animal shelter. B. An opportunity to do voluntary work. C. A part-time job at the weekends. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What problem do the speakers face? A. The coffee tastes bad. B. The cafeteria is too far away. C. The coffee machine is broken. 7. What will the man do with the problem? A. Call a repairman. B. Buy a new machine. C. Change the coffee bean. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Where did Shirley get the tips on avoiding bear attacks? A. From a book. B. From a TV show. C. From an online video. 9. What does Shirley learn to do when facing a bear? A. Climb up a tall tree. B. Move backward slowly. C. Avoid eye contact. 10. What do we know about Shirley? A. She looks forward to the hiking. B. She feels unsafe in the suburbs. C. She masters self-defense skills. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What kind of tasks does Steve think AI is good at? A. Creative. B. Complex. C. Routine. 12. How can Al help doctors according to Steve? A. Increase work efficiency. B. Develop their skills. C. Provide treatment plans. 13. What does Stove mean in the end? A. AI will replace many human jobs. B. Humans and AI should work together. C. AI development should be reconsidered. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What was the main difficulty during David's Arctic project? A. Equipment failures. B. Uncooperative animals. C. Windy and rainy conditions. 15. What are David's book profits used for? A. Buying photography equipment. B. Supporting wildlife education. C. Protecting animals. 16. What helped David switch to wildlife photography? A. His journalism degree. B. His teaching experience. C. His childhood love for nature. 17. What did David think of teaching at the camp? A. Simple. B. Rewarding. C. Troublesome. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. How long did Suzie spend climbing to the Mt. Qomolangma Base Camp in total? A. 25 hours. B. 48 hours. C. 73 hours. 19. What did Suzie do during the climb? A. She advanced with undivided attention. B. She took pictures of the scenery. C. She guided herself to the camp. 20. Why didn't Suzie climb to the peak? A. She was afraid of the height. B. She didn't bring enough food. C. She listened to her family's advice. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项， A Exercising Leadership: HarvardX Foundational Principles Duration 4 weeks, 2-3 hours per week; start from Nov. 5. About this course The crises of our time generate enormous adaptive challenges for our families, organizations, communities, and societies. The need for leadership that can mobilize people to meet these challenges and improve life is critical. In this introductory course, you will explore strategies for leading in a changing world where adaptive pressures will continue to challenge all of us. You will discover new ways to approach complex organizational systems and take thoughtful action on the work we all face ahead. Most importantly, you will reflect on how to move forward on the leadership challenges you care about most. At a glance ·Institution: HarvardX ·Subject Business & Management ·Level: Introductory ·Language: English ·Video Transcript: English ·Associated skills: Leadership What you'll learn In this short introductory course, you will discover a diagnostic-and-action process for exercising leadership that explores the following foundational principles and strategies: ·How to identify and break down complex challenges. ·How to understand the role of formal and informal authority. ·How to build and renew trust relationships. ·How to approach conflict. About the instructor Ronald Heifetz: Founder, Center for Public Leadership. 1. What is the minimum time required to complete this course? A. 2 hours. B. 3 hours. C. 8 hours. D. 12 hours. 2. Who is the course intended for? A Individuals facing leadership challenges. B. Experienced managers in tech companies. C. Professionals seeking leadership certificates. D. High school students planning to learn business. 3. What key skill does the course teach? A. Rebuilding trust bonds. B. Building personal authority. C. Avoiding daily conflicts. D. Maintaining complex systems. B Last year, my dad was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (肌萎缩性侧索硬化症) — a progressive and fatal disease. It’s already taken my dad’s ability to talk and eat normally. There is no cure. When he told me about his diagnosis, I knew two things instantly: I wanted to spend as much time with him as possible and if I was going to be living in my childhood home, I would need a hobby. Though never skilled at crafts, I’ve always found comfort in textiles. My mother, who had knitted a granny-square blanket in her twenties, was game to re-learn how to do it. In her youth, Granny squares became the after-dinner routine and soon I was churning out dozens of multicolored squares. And it felt like this project was, maybe, helping? “It’s incredibly mindful,” says Gabrielle Gatto, a death educator in our community. “That’s part of really sitting with something.” On a Tuesday evening, Gatto sets up a snack table inside the cemetery`s church, preparing for the start of her monthly interactive workshop, “Grieving & Weaving. ” “I think it was important to have that in the name as well,” she says. “We are going to talk about grief, death and loss. But we're also going to create happy memories together, eating and drinking a bunch of things.” It’s a project that had been sitting in her closet for months. Earlier this year, after both her grandmothers died, she lost what she calls the “knitting light” for a while. Rafferty, who is also a therapist, says she almost skipped the workshop to stay home with her dog, but she’s glad she didn't — being here is therapeutic. As Gatto says, after all, it's not the end product that's the therapy. It’s the act of doing it. “A big thing with grief is moving through it both mentally and physically,” Gatto says. “And that's exactly what we do here. We bring something that is maybe heavy on our minds or our hearts. And then we work with our hands. We work with it, and we work together.” 4. What does the underlined word “game” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Resistant. B. Hesitant. C. Curious. D. Willing. 5. Why did the author turn to knitting after her father's diagnosis? A. To create a gift for her father. B. To follow her mother's hobby. C. To seek comfort and distraction. D. To master a new professional skill. 6. What is Rafferty's attitude to the workshop? A. Cautious. B. Supportive. C. Critical. D. Dismissive. 7. What is the key to the therapy process according to Gatto? A. Forgetting sadness by keeping busy. B. Creating a valuable product as a symbol. C. Achieving high efficiency through teamwork. D. Turning inner pain into a shared physical activity. C Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert. If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation? Social invitations can be a delicate dance. People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter’s likelihood of preferring a “maybe” over a “no.” Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation. Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out. We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased (有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters. However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation. When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a definite answer. When the participants get invited to do something they didn’t want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open. The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant. While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town. 8. Why is the concert anecdote mentioned at the beginning? A. To explain the background of the invitation. B. To stress the importance of quick replies. C. To encourage immediate decision- making. D. To introduce a common social situation. 9. What is the main reason for the response of “maybe” to an invitation? A. A biased interpretation of social cues. B. A desire for harmonious communication. C. An underestimation of refusal consequence. D. An understanding of the inviter’s expectation. 10. What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph? A. Keeping your options open for better plans. B. Accepting invitations to maintain friendships. C. Prioritizing clear response over open options. D. Thinking twice before refusing an invitation. 11. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Psychology behind “Maybe” B. The Hidden Consequence of “Maybe” C. “Maybe”: A Polite Escape from Conflict D. “Maybe”: A Perfect Solution to Invitations D Your behavior today could affect your brain activity in two weeks’ time, new research suggests. These findings have significant implications for our mental health as well as our attention, cognition and memory. Our behavior and our brains are closely linked. And yet, the majority of studies only take a snapshot of our lived experience. “We know little about the response of brain functional connectivity to environmental, physiological, and behavioral changes on different timescales, from days to months,” said Triana, a professor from Aalto University. To investigate these effects, Triana and his colleagues tracked their own brain activity and behavior over a five-month period using a combination of brain scans, wearable devices and their smartphones. “We studied brain activity using FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), sleep and physical activity patterns using a smart-ring, heart and respiration rates using a smartwatch, and mood using questionnaires prompted on their smartphone,” Triana said. Triana’s brain was scanned twice a week, followed by qualitative (定性的) data from mood surveys. The team identified two distinct brain patterns in response to specific behaviors: a short-term wave lasting less than a week and a long-term wave lasting up to 15 days. The short-term wave was reflective of rapid responses to a behavior, like struggling to focus after a poor night’s sleep. Meanwhile, the long-term wave suggests more gradual, lasting effects of a particular behavior. These were particularly apparent in areas of the brain tied to attention and memory. In other words, a workout or restless night from two weeks ago could still be affecting you — positively or negatively — today. While this study only shows the brain activity of one individual, the researchers hope that it demonstrates the importance of studying brain activity in the context of our wider lifestyle and behavior, rather than a single snapshot in the lab. “This research is important because it provides a more comprehensive and dynamic view of brain function, highlighting the long-term impact of everyday behaviour on brain health,” Triana said. 12. What inspired Triana to conduct the study? A. Her colleagues’ prior research findings. B. A gap in long-term brain behavior study. C A demand to upgrade digital equipment. D. The wide use of brain scanning technology. 13. How did the researchers carry out their study? A. By tracking the participant’s sleeping pattern. B. By analyzing brain data and personal mood report. C. By using only data from the most advanced scanner. D. By interviewing participants how they felt after scanning. 14. What is the key finding of the Triana’s research? A. Behaviors have lasting effects on brains. B. Brain scans can best track mood changes. C. Short-term waves matter more for memory. D. Poor sleep affects the brain for over 15 days. 15. What is expected of future brain research? A. More precise laboratory shots. B. Brain activity in real-life situations. C. Promotion of brain function and health. D. Short-term effects of specific behaviors. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Do Electric Vehicles Make People More Carsick? With electric vehicles (EVs) gaining significant popularity globally — accounting for 22% of new car sales in 2024 — many passengers report experiencing increased motion sickness compared to traditional vehicles. Social media platforms are filled with such personal experiences, particularly from those riding in passenger or back seats. ___16___ A primary reason for this phenomenon is the lack of familiarity with EV motion patterns. As William Emond, a PhD researcher in France specializing in motion sickness, explains, people’s brains heavily depend on past experiences to predict and interpret motion. ___17___ For instance, experienced drivers naturally expect acceleration after hearing engine revs in fuel-powered cars, but EVs operate without such familiar auditory signals. ___18___ Recent research indicates that specific seat vibrations and the complete absence of traditional engine noise in EVs contribute significantly to motion discomfort. Furthermore, the regenerative braking systems — innovative technology that transforms kinetic energy (动能) into battery power — cause an unusually gradual slowdown. ___19___ Beyond this, motion sickness fundamentally occurs when the brain receives contradictory sensory signals about body movement. The inner ear, visual cues, and physical sensations send mixed messages to the brain, creating what experts call a “neural mismatch”. ___20___ This mechanism explains why drivers themselves rarely experience carsickness — they control and predict the vehicle’s movements. A. Such long-term conflict can trigger motion sickness symptoms. B. Another contributing factor is that EV-specific features add to the problem. C. Some manufacturers are improving suspension systems to minimize vibrations. D. Drivers usually don’t experience carsickness due to their control over the vehicle. E. This technology lengthens the stopping process and may worsen feelings of sickness. F. Without previous EV experience, the brain has to struggle to estimate forces accurately. G. In regard to this phenomenon, researchers have identified several scientific explanations. 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My friend Karen and her husband David were acquainted with an elderly lady, Rose, who fell ill with no one to help her. Though not ___21___, they offered to act like family. For years, they took turns ___22___ Rose in her home, then moving her into an assisted-living facility and eventually into a nursing home due to her ___23___ health. However, Rose was difficult to get along with. She would take them out for dinner but then ___24___ what they could order, and complained about everything they did. This led to their confusion, leaving them feeling increasingly ___25___. One day, Karen shared with me the growing weight of ___26___ she felt from caring for Rose. When I asked if she had any volunteer ___27___, she responded that she had no time. I then suggested that she ___28___ looking after Rose as volunteer work. Instantly, it was like a light bulb went on. Karen’s ___29___ shifted. She told David the same that night, and the idea changed everything. From then on, they still did the same work, but as “volunteers,” it felt ___30___ — no longer a duty, but a choice. For the rest of Rose’s life, they still ___31___ helped, finding joy in the role. We often talk about volunteering, which makes us feel good. But there’s also a way to ___32___ a burdensome commitment as “volunteering”. By doing so, a task we feel forced to do can become a voluntary act. Let’s take Karen and David as an example. Their ___33___ to helping Rose at first seemed like an unwanted ___34___. But after the shift, a chore turned into a ___35___ experience. 21. A. friends B. relatives C. neighbors D. colleagues 22. A. looking for B. arguing with C. attending to D. checking on 23. A. improving B. ruined C. manageable D. declining 24. A. limit B. recommend C. distribute D. predict 25 A. guilty B. frustrated C. relieved D. excited 26. A. dependence B. impact C. responsibility D. debt 27. A. experience B. interest C. ambition D. training 28. A. describe B. classify C. view D. dismiss 29. A. emotion B. routine C. perspective D. priority 30. A. lighter B. faster C. softer D. simpler 31. A. reluctantly B. briefly C. faithfully D. occasionally 32. A. escape B. ignore C. simplify D. redefine 33. A. approach B. commitment C. objection D. attitude 34. A. task B. routine C. joke D. burden 35. A. rewarding B. pains-taking C. time-consuming D. refreshing 非选择题部分 注意：将答案写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上无效。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分 15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing recently made technological history by hosting the world’s first half-marathon for humanoid robots, marking a significant milestone in robotics development. Twenty teams from top universities and tech firms participated, with six robots ____36____ (complete) the 21-kilometer race. The winner, Tiangong Ultra, finished it in just 2 hours and 40 minutes. This groundbreaking ____37____ (compete) represented a crucial transition from controlled laboratory testing to real-world application. Unlike artificial lab environments, the marathon’s unpredictable outdoor conditions tested the robots’ adaptability and endurance capabilities. Beyond sports, such robots are already in use — for example, the specialized inspection robots ____38____ (develop) by China Southern Power Grid, can operate ____39____ (reliable) in temperature extremes ranging from 40°C to 80°C while maintaining power lines in remote ____40____ (mountain) regions. Since the beginning of this year, Chinese tech giants like Xiaomi and Huawei, well aware of the opportunities, ____41____ (join) forces with automotive leaders including Tesla and Toyota in ____42____ has become an international race to advance this technology. However, experts caution that ____43____ rapid progress, significant technical hurdles remain. Most robots currently operate at Level 2 autonomy but achieving Level 4 — full independence — needs breakthroughs in AI decision-making. For students considering future careers in technology, humanoid robotics represents one of the most exciting and promising fields ____44____ may transform industries and daily life. ____45____ successful Beijing marathon serves as both a testament to how far we have come and s preview of the remarkable innovations still to come. 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你校英语节将举办主题为“Gift a Book, Gift Hope”的捐书活动，旨在为偏远地区学生募集书籍。请你为你所捐赠的最喜爱的一本书写一篇短文附在书中，内容包括： (1) 书本简介； (2) 赠书理由； (3) 寄语希望。 注意： (1) 写作词数应为80左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear friend, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It’s my graduation day! The ceremony was to be held in a large auditorium downtown on a damp December afternoon. As I prepared for this important day, choosing a simple black dress and even putting on makeup — both unusual for me — my mind was occupied with anxiety rather than excitement. Due to my neurological condition (神经系统疾病) that affected my mobility and coordination (协调性), the upcoming ceremony filled me with fear. I had learned that I would need to negotiate a flight of stairs during the proceedings. The mere thought of walking across the stage was terrifying enough, but the additional challenge of stairs seemed impossible. To make matters worse, I would have to shake hands with my professors and receive my diploma with my right hand, which has limited control due to my condition These seemingly small details felt like impossible obstacles Consumed by fear, I called Sally in tears, telling her I couldn’t go through with it. She had been my notetaker throughout university because of my condition, but she was far more than that. We had been through many rough spots during the past two years. We took all our classes together, studied together, and edited each other’s work. Sally listened patiently as I poured out my anxieties. Then, she responded with determined support. “You are walking, damn it!” she declared firmly. She promised to handle everything and made me promise to show up at the auditorium. Though still fearful, I splashed cold water on my tear-stained face, touched up my makeup, and whispered to myself, “I’m doing this.” When I arrived at the auditorium, the reality of those frightening stairs hit me again. Just as panic began to seize me. Sally found me immediately. She hugged me tightly and assured me, “I have it all worked out. It’s going to be fine.” To my surprise, I noticed many of my classmates gathered nearby, their faces filled with warm smiles and encouraging nods. At this, I felt a surge of strength flowing through me, though I still couldn’t imagine how I would manage the challenges ahead. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: As my name was called, I took a deep breath and began moving toward the stage. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Walking down the stairs on the other side, I felt an overwhelming surge of pride. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 绝密★考试结束前 2025年学年第一学期浙南名校联盟十月联考 高三年级英语学科 试题 考生须知： 1. 本卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟； 2. 答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。 3. 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效； 4. 考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。 选择题部分 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案 转涂到答题纸上。 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15. 答案是C。 1. When will the man meet Lisa? A. On Thursday. B. On Friday. C. On Saturday. 2. Why does the woman make the phone call? A. To place an order. B. To complain about the price. C. To correct the product details. 3. Where does the conversation take place? A. At home. B. At a hotel. C. At a restaurant. 4. How does the woman probably feel? A. Nervous. B. Annoyed. C. Sad. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. The opening hours of an animal shelter. B. An opportunity to do voluntary work. C. A part-time job at the weekends. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What problem do the speakers face? A. The coffee tastes bad. B. The cafeteria is too far away. C. The coffee machine is broken. 7. What will the man do with the problem? A. Call a repairman. B. Buy a new machine. C. Change the coffee bean. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Where did Shirley get the tips on avoiding bear attacks? A. From a book. B. From a TV show. C. From an online video. 9. What does Shirley learn to do when facing a bear? A. Climb up a tall tree. B. Move backward slowly. C. Avoid eye contact. 10. What do we know about Shirley? A. She looks forward to the hiking. B. She feels unsafe in the suburbs. C. She masters self-defense skills. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What kind of tasks does Steve think AI is good at? A. Creative. B. Complex. C. Routine. 12. How can Al help doctors according to Steve? A. Increase work efficiency. B. Develop their skills. C. Provide treatment plans. 13. What does Stove mean in the end? A. AI will replace many human jobs. B. Humans and AI should work together. C. AI development should be reconsidered. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What was the main difficulty during David's Arctic project? A. Equipment failures. B. Uncooperative animals. C. Windy and rainy conditions. 15. What are David's book profits used for? A. Buying photography equipment. B. Supporting wildlife education. C. Protecting animals. 16. What helped David switch to wildlife photography? A. His journalism degree. B. His teaching experience. C. His childhood love for nature. 17. What did David think of teaching at the camp? A. Simple. B. Rewarding. C. Troublesome. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. How long did Suzie spend climbing to the Mt. Qomolangma Base Camp in total? A. 25 hours. B. 48 hours. C. 73 hours. 19. What did Suzie do during the climb? A. She advanced with undivided attention. B. She took pictures of the scenery. C. She guided herself to the camp. 20. Why didn't Suzie climb to the peak? A. She was afraid of the height. B. She didn't bring enough food. C. She listened to her family's advice. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项， A Exercising Leadership: HarvardX Foundational Principles Duration 4 weeks, 2-3 hours per week; start from Nov. 5. About this course The crises of our time generate enormous adaptive challenges for our families, organizations, communities, and societies. The need for leadership that can mobilize people to meet these challenges and improve life is critical. In this introductory course, you will explore strategies for leading in a changing world where adaptive pressures will continue to challenge all of us. You will discover new ways to approach complex organizational systems and take thoughtful action on the work we all face ahead. Most importantly, you will reflect on how to move forward on the leadership challenges you care about most. At a glance ·Institution: HarvardX ·Subject Business & Management ·Level: Introductory ·Language: English ·Video Transcript: English ·Associated skills: Leadership What you'll learn In this short introductory course, you will discover a diagnostic-and-action process for exercising leadership that explores the following foundational principles and strategies: ·How to identify and break down complex challenges. ·How to understand the role of formal and informal authority. ·How to build and renew trust relationships. ·How to approach conflict About the instructor Ronald Heifetz: Founder, Center for Public Leadership. 1. What is the minimum time required to complete this course? A. 2 hours. B. 3 hours. C. 8 hours. D. 12 hours. 2. Who is the course intended for? A. Individuals facing leadership challenges. B. Experienced managers in tech companies. C. Professionals seeking leadership certificates. D. High school students planning to learn business. 3. What key skill does the course teach? A. Rebuilding trust bonds. B. Building personal authority. C. Avoiding daily conflicts. D. Maintaining complex systems. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了哈佛大学领导力基础课程，主要包含课程时长、内容、适用人群及教学目标等信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据中“Duration”部分“4 weeks, 2-3 hours per week; start from Nov. 5.(4周，每周需2-3小时，从11月5日开始)”可知，最小总时间为每周最少2小时×4周= 8小时。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据“About this course”部分第一段的“The need for leadership that can mobilize people to meet these challenges and improve life is critical.(对于能够动员民众共同应对这些挑战并改善生活的领导能力的需求至关重要。)”以及第二段的“Most importantly, you will reflect on how to move forward on the leadership challenges you care about most.( 最为重要的是，您需要思考如何应对您最为关注的领导方面的挑战并继续前行。)”可知，需要领导力来应对这些挑战，思考如何应对领导方面的挑战，因此推断这项课程针对的是面临领导力挑战的个人。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据“What you'll learn”部分的“In this short introductory course, you will discover a diagnostic-and-action process for exercising leadership that explores the following foundational principles and strategies: ……How to build and renew trust relationships.(在这门简短的入门课程中，您将了解到一种用于开展领导工作的诊断与行动流程，该流程涵盖了以下基本原理和策略：……如何建立和修复信任关系)”可知，这门课程教授的主要技能有：重建信任纽带”。故选A。 B Last year, my dad was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (肌萎缩性侧索硬化症) — a progressive and fatal disease. It’s already taken my dad’s ability to talk and eat normally. There is no cure. When he told me about his diagnosis, I knew two things instantly: I wanted to spend as much time with him as possible and if I was going to be living in my childhood home, I would need a hobby. Though never skilled at crafts, I’ve always found comfort in textiles. My mother, who had knitted a granny-square blanket in her twenties, was game to re-learn how to do it. In her youth, Granny squares became the after-dinner routine and soon I was churning out dozens of multicolored squares. And it felt like this project was, maybe, helping? “It’s incredibly mindful,” says Gabrielle Gatto, a death educator in our community. “That’s part of really sitting with something.” On a Tuesday evening, Gatto sets up a snack table inside the cemetery`s church, preparing for the start of her monthly interactive workshop, “Grieving & Weaving. ” “I think it was important to have that in the name as well,” she says. “We are going to talk about grief, death and loss. But we're also going to create happy memories together, eating and drinking a bunch of things.” It’s a project that had been sitting in her closet for months. Earlier this year, after both her grandmothers died, she lost what she calls the “knitting light” for a while. Rafferty, who is also a therapist, says she almost skipped the workshop to stay home with her dog, but she’s glad she didn't — being here is therapeutic. As Gatto says, after all, it's not the end product that's the therapy. It’s the act of doing it. “A big thing with grief is moving through it both mentally and physically,” Gatto says. “And that's exactly what we do here. We bring something that is maybe heavy on our minds or our hearts. And then we work with our hands. We work with it, and we work together.” 4. What does the underlined word “game” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Resistant. B. Hesitant. C. Curious. D. Willing. 5. Why did the author turn to knitting after her father's diagnosis? A. To create a gift for her father. B. To follow her mother's hobby. C. To seek comfort and distraction. D. To master a new professional skill. 6. What is Rafferty's attitude to the workshop? A. Cautious. B. Supportive. C. Critical. D. Dismissive. 7. What is the key to the therapy process according to Gatto? A. Forgetting sadness by keeping busy. B. Creating a valuable product as a symbol. C. Achieving high efficiency through teamwork. D. Turning inner pain into a shared physical activity. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。 讲述了作者父亲确诊肌萎缩性侧索硬化症后，作者与母亲重拾编织寻求慰藉；社区教育者Gatto开设“悲伤与编织”工作坊，治疗师Rafferty参与后认为其有疗效，Gatto强调治疗关键是动手编织与共同面对悲伤的过程。 【4题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“My mother, who had knitted a granny-square blanket in her twenties, was game to re-learn how to do it. In her youth, Granny squares became the after-dinner routine and soon I was churning out dozens of multicolored squares. (我母亲二十多岁时织过方块毯，她很game重新学习编织。她年轻时织方块毯是晚饭后的日常，很快我就织出了几十个彩色方块。)”可知，母亲曾有编织经历且后续作者也参与，推测game意为“愿意的”，与Willing一致。故选D。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Though never skilled at crafts, I’ve always found comfort in textiles... And it felt like this project was, maybe, helping? (虽不擅长手工，但我总能从纺织品中找到慰藉……且感觉这个项目或许有帮助？)”可知，作者转向编织是为寻求慰藉、转移焦虑。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Rafferty, who is also a therapist, says she almost skipped the workshop to stay home with her dog, but she’s glad she didn’t — being here is therapeutic. (Rafferty也是一名治疗师，她说她差点儿没有参加这个工作坊，而是呆在家里陪她的狗，但她很高兴自己没有这样做（呆在家里）——而来这里是一种治疗。)”可知，Rafferty认可工作坊的作用，持支持态度。故选 B。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段““A big thing with grief is moving through it both mentally and physically,” Gatto says. “And that's exactly what we do here. We bring something that is maybe heavy on our minds or our hearts. And then we work with our hands. We work with it, and we work together.” (Gatto说：“悲伤的一大问题是在精神上和身体上都要克服它。这正是我们在这里所做的。我们带来了一些可能在我们的思想或心灵上很沉重的东西。然后我们用双手工作。我们和它一起工作，我们一起工作。”)”可知，治疗关键是将内心痛苦转化为共同的体力活动。故选D。 C Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert. If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation? Social invitations can be a delicate dance. People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter’s likelihood of preferring a “maybe” over a “no.” Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation. Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out. We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased (有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters. However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation. When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a definite answer. When the participants get invited to do something they didn’t want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open. The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant. While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town. 8. Why is the concert anecdote mentioned at the beginning? A. To explain the background of the invitation. B. To stress the importance of quick replies. C. To encourage immediate decision- making. D. To introduce a common social situation. 9. What is the main reason for the response of “maybe” to an invitation? A. A biased interpretation of social cues. B. A desire for harmonious communication. C. An underestimation of refusal consequence. D. An understanding of the inviter’s expectation. 10. What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph? A. Keeping your options open for better plans. B. Accepting invitations to maintain friendships. C. Prioritizing clear response over open options. D. Thinking twice before refusing an invitation. 11. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Psychology behind “Maybe” B. The Hidden Consequence of “Maybe” C. “Maybe”: A Polite Escape from Conflict D. “Maybe”: A Perfect Solution to Invitations 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人们收到邀请时回复“Maybe”这一常见社交现象，分析其背后原因及特定应对情况，并给出直接回应的建议。 8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert.(想象一下，你赢得了两张售罄音乐会的门票，急切地发短信问朋友是否愿意一起去。他们回复“也许吧”。你的心情立刻变了，因为你需要等他们做决定，才能确定自己的音乐会计划)”以及第二段中的“If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life.(如果你有过类似上述轶事的经历，你并不孤单。人们对邀请回复“也许”是社交生活中常见却令人恼火的一面)”可知，作者开头提及音乐会轶事，是为了引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”这一常见社交场景。故选D项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased (有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open.(我们发现，这在很大程度上是由一种叫做“动机性推理”的东西导致的。当一个人以有偏差的方式解读信息以迎合自己的意愿时，就会发生动机性推理。换句话说，受邀者会说服自己，邀请者更想听到“也许”而不是“不”，因为“也许”对受邀者更有利，能让他们保留选择的余地)”可知，人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的主要原因是对社交信号有偏差的解读。故选A项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.(虽然应对社交场合可能很棘手，但有时直接明确是最好的选择。这可能会减少你的选择，但能避免邀请你的人陷入不确定的状态，而且当下一场音乐会来临时，他们或许还会想到你)”可知，作者建议优先选择清晰明确的回应，而非保留选择余地。故选C项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开头以音乐会轶事引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的现象，接着在第三段分析了这一现象背后“动机性推理”的心理原因，第四段介绍了人们更愿意说“不”的特定情况，最后给出直接回应的建议。全文围绕“Maybe”背后的心理机制展开，因此A项“‘Maybe’背后的心理学”概括了文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 D Your behavior today could affect your brain activity in two weeks’ time, new research suggests. These findings have significant implications for our mental health as well as our attention, cognition and memory. Our behavior and our brains are closely linked. And yet, the majority of studies only take a snapshot of our lived experience. “We know little about the response of brain functional connectivity to environmental, physiological, and behavioral changes on different timescales, from days to months,” said Triana, a professor from Aalto University. To investigate these effects, Triana and his colleagues tracked their own brain activity and behavior over a five-month period using a combination of brain scans, wearable devices and their smartphones. “We studied brain activity using FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), sleep and physical activity patterns using a smart-ring, heart and respiration rates using a smartwatch, and mood using questionnaires prompted on their smartphone,” Triana said. Triana’s brain was scanned twice a week, followed by qualitative (定性的) data from mood surveys. The team identified two distinct brain patterns in response to specific behaviors: a short-term wave lasting less than a week and a long-term wave lasting up to 15 days. The short-term wave was reflective of rapid responses to a behavior, like struggling to focus after a poor night’s sleep. Meanwhile, the long-term wave suggests more gradual, lasting effects of a particular behavior. These were particularly apparent in areas of the brain tied to attention and memory. In other words, a workout or restless night from two weeks ago could still be affecting you — positively or negatively — today. While this study only shows the brain activity of one individual, the researchers hope that it demonstrates the importance of studying brain activity in the context of our wider lifestyle and behavior, rather than a single snapshot in the lab. “This research is important because it provides a more comprehensive and dynamic view of brain function, highlighting the long-term impact of everyday behaviour on brain health,” Triana said. 12 What inspired Triana to conduct the study? A. Her colleagues’ prior research findings. B. A gap in long-term brain behavior study. C. A demand to upgrade digital equipment. D. The wide use of brain scanning technology. 13. How did the researchers carry out their study? A. By tracking the participant’s sleeping pattern. B. By analyzing brain data and personal mood report. C. By using only data from the most advanced scanner. D. By interviewing participants how they felt after scanning. 14. What is the key finding of the Triana’s research? A. Behaviors have lasting effects on brains. B. Brain scans can best track mood changes. C. Short-term waves matter more for memory. D. Poor sleep affects the brain for over 15 days. 15. What is expected of future brain research? A. More precise laboratory shots. B. Brain activity in real-life situations. C. Promotion of brain function and health. D. Short-term effects of specific behaviors. 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新研究表明一个人当前的行为可能在两周后仍影响大脑活动，对心理健康、注意力、认知和记忆有重要影响。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段Triana的话“We know little about the response of brain functional connectivity to environmental, physiological, and behavioral changes on different timescales, from days to months, (我们对大脑功能连接在不同时间尺度（从几天到几个月）上对环境、生理和行为变化的反应知之甚少)”可知，Triana研究的动机是填补长期研究的空白。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“We studied brain activity using FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) , sleep and physical activity patterns using a smart-ring, heart and respiration rates using a smartwatch, and mood using questionnaires prompted on their smartphone, (我们通过功能性磁共振成像（FMRI）研究大脑活动，通过智能戒指研究睡眠和身体活动模式，通过智能手表研究心率和呼吸频率，并通过智能手机上弹出的问卷调查研究情绪)”可知，研究者是通过分析大脑数据和个人情绪报告来进行研究的。故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“These were particularly apparent in areas of the brain tied to attention and memory. In other words, a workout or restless night from two weeks ago could still be affecting you — positively or negatively — today.(这在与注意力和记忆相关的脑区表现得尤为明显。换句话说，两周前的一次锻炼或一个不眠之夜，至今仍可能对你产生影响——无论是积极的还是消极的)”可知，行为对大脑有着持久的影响。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While this study only shows the brain activity of one individual, the researchers hope that it demonstrates the importance of studying brain activity in the context of our wider lifestyle and behavior, rather than a single snapshot in the lab. (虽然这项研究仅展示了一个人的大脑活动情况，但研究人员希望它能表明，在研究大脑活动时应将其置于我们更广泛的生活方式和行为背景之下，而非仅仅局限于实验室中的单一瞬间)”可知，未来应该研究现实生活中的大脑活动。故选B。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Do Electric Vehicles Make People More Carsick? With electric vehicles (EVs) gaining significant popularity globally — accounting for 22% of new car sales in 2024 — many passengers report experiencing increased motion sickness compared to traditional vehicles. Social media platforms are filled with such personal experiences, particularly from those riding in passenger or back seats. ___16___ A primary reason for this phenomenon is the lack of familiarity with EV motion patterns. As William Emond, a PhD researcher in France specializing in motion sickness, explains, people’s brains heavily depend on past experiences to predict and interpret motion. ___17___ For instance, experienced drivers naturally expect acceleration after hearing engine revs in fuel-powered cars, but EVs operate without such familiar auditory signals. ___18___ Recent research indicates that specific seat vibrations and the complete absence of traditional engine noise in EVs contribute significantly to motion discomfort. Furthermore, the regenerative braking systems — innovative technology that transforms kinetic energy (动能) into battery power — cause an unusually gradual slowdown. ___19___ Beyond this, motion sickness fundamentally occurs when the brain receives contradictory sensory signals about body movement. The inner ear, visual cues, and physical sensations send mixed messages to the brain, creating what experts call a “neural mismatch”. ___20___ This mechanism explains why drivers themselves rarely experience carsickness — they control and predict the vehicle’s movements. A. Such long-term conflict can trigger motion sickness symptoms. B. Another contributing factor is that EV-specific features add to the problem. C. Some manufacturers are improving suspension systems to minimize vibrations. D. Drivers usually don’t experience carsickness due to their control over the vehicle. E. This technology lengthens the stopping process and may worsen feelings of sickness. F. Without previous EV experience, the brain has to struggle to estimate forces accurately. G. In regard to this phenomenon, researchers have identified several scientific explanations. 【答案】16. G 17. F 18. B 19. E 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了电动汽车比传统汽车更易让人晕车的原因，从人们对电动汽车运动模式不熟悉、电动汽车的特定特征，以及大脑接收矛盾感官信号引发“神经不匹配”等方面进行了科学解释。 【16题详解】 根据前文“With electric vehicles (EVs) gaining significant popularity globally — accounting for 22% of new car sales in 2024 — many passengers report experiencing increased motion sickness compared to traditional vehicles. Social media platforms are filled with such personal experiences, particularly from those riding in passenger or back seats. (随着电动汽车在全球范围内大受欢迎——2024年占新车销量的22%——许多乘客表示，与传统汽车相比，他们晕车的情况更严重了。社交媒体平台上充斥着这样的个人经历，尤其是那些坐在副驾驶或后座的人)”可知，前文引出了电动汽车易让人晕车的现象，此处应引出对该现象的科学解释。G选项“In regard to this phenomenon, researchers have identified several scientific explanations. (关于这一现象，研究人员已经找到了一些科学解释)”起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选G项。 【17题详解】 根据前文“A primary reason for this phenomenon is the lack of familiarity with EV motion patterns. As William Emond, a PhD researcher in France specializing in motion sickness, explains, people’s brains heavily depend on past experiences to predict and interpret motion. (这种现象的一个主要原因是人们对电动汽车的运动模式不熟悉。法国专门研究晕动病的博士研究员威廉·埃蒙德解释说，人们的大脑严重依赖过去的经验来预测和解读运动)”可知，此处是在说明因缺乏电动汽车相关经验，大脑难以应对。F选项“Without previous EV experience, the brain has to struggle to estimate forces accurately. (没有以往电动汽车的经验，大脑难以准确估算力量)”解释了因为缺乏相关经验，大脑难以应对，与前文逻辑连贯，符合语境。故选F项。 【18题详解】 根据后文“Recent research indicates that specific seat vibrations and the complete absence of traditional engine noise in EVs contribute significantly to motion discomfort. (最近的研究表明，电动汽车特有的座椅振动和传统引擎噪音的完全缺失是导致运动不适的重要原因)”可知，此处是在说电动汽车的特定特征加剧了晕车问题。B选项“Another contributing factor is that EV-specific features add to the problem. (另一个促成因素是电动汽车的特定特征加剧了这个问题)”能很好地总领该部分内容，符合语境。故选B项。 【19题详解】 根据前文“Furthermore, the regenerative braking systems — innovative technology that transforms kinetic energy (动能) into battery power — cause an unusually gradual slowdown. (此外，再生制动系统——将动能转化为电池能量的创新技术——会导致异常平缓的减速)”可知，此处是在解释再生制动系统对晕车的影响。E选项“This technology lengthens the stopping process and may worsen feelings of sickness. (这项技术延长了停车过程，可能会加剧恶心感)”进一步说明了该技术的影响，符合语境。故选E项。 【20题详解】 根据前文“Beyond this, motion sickness fundamentally occurs when the brain receives contradictory sensory signals about body movement. The inner ear, visual cues, and physical sensations send mixed messages to the brain, creating what experts call a “neural mismatch”. (除此之外，晕动病从根本上说是当大脑接收到关于身体运动的矛盾感官信号时发生的。内耳、视觉线索和身体感觉向大脑传递混合信息，形成了专家们所说的“神经不匹配”)”可知，此处是在说明“神经不匹配”会引发晕车症状。A选项“Such long-term conflict can trigger motion sickness symptoms. (这种长期的冲突会引发晕车症状)”说明这种“神经不匹配”（长期冲突）会导致晕车，符合逻辑，且与后文解释司机很少晕车的原因相呼应。故选A项。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My friend Karen and her husband David were acquainted with an elderly lady, Rose, who fell ill with no one to help her. Though not ___21___, they offered to act like family. For years, they took turns ___22___ Rose in her home, then moving her into an assisted-living facility and eventually into a nursing home due to her ___23___ health. However, Rose was difficult to get along with. She would take them out for dinner but then ___24___ what they could order, and complained about everything they did. This led to their confusion, leaving them feeling increasingly ___25___. One day, Karen shared with me the growing weight of ___26___ she felt from caring for Rose. When I asked if she had any volunteer ___27___, she responded that she had no time. I then suggested that she ___28___ looking after Rose as volunteer work. Instantly, it was like a light bulb went on. Karen’s ___29___ shifted. She told David the same that night, and the idea changed everything. From then on, they still did the same work, but as “volunteers,” it felt ___30___ — no longer a duty, but a choice. For the rest of Rose’s life, they still ___31___ helped, finding joy in the role. We often talk about volunteering, which makes us feel good. But there’s also a way to ___32___ a burdensome commitment as “volunteering”. By doing so, a task we feel forced to do can become a voluntary act. Let’s take Karen and David as an example. Their ___33___ to helping Rose at first seemed like an unwanted ___34___. But after the shift, a chore turned into a ___35___ experience. 21. A. friends B. relatives C. neighbors D. colleagues 22. A. looking for B. arguing with C. attending to D. checking on 23. A. improving B. ruined C. manageable D. declining 24. A. limit B. recommend C. distribute D. predict 25. A. guilty B. frustrated C. relieved D. excited 26. A. dependence B. impact C. responsibility D. debt 27. A. experience B. interest C. ambition D. training 28. A. describe B. classify C. view D. dismiss 29. A. emotion B. routine C. perspective D. priority 30. A. lighter B. faster C. softer D. simpler 31. A. reluctantly B. briefly C. faithfully D. occasionally 32. A. escape B. ignore C. simplify D. redefine 33. A. approach B. commitment C. objection D. attitude 34. A. task B. routine C. joke D. burden 35. A. rewarding B. pains-taking C. time-consuming D. refreshing 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述凯伦夫妇照料难相处的罗斯感到负担，后将其视为志愿工作，从而获得快乐的故事，点明换角度看待责任的意义。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然不是亲戚，但他们主动提出像家人一样照顾她。A. friends朋友；B. relatives亲戚；C. neighbors邻居；D. colleagues同事。根据后文“they offered to act like family”可知，他们并非真正的家人，即不是亲戚。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：多年来，他们轮流在家照料罗斯，后来因为她的健康状况不断恶化，把她送到了辅助生活设施，最后又送到了养老院。A. looking for寻找；B. arguing with与……争论；C. attending to照料；D. checking on检查。根据前文“My friend Karen and her husband David were acquainted with an elderly lady, Rose, who fell ill with no one to help her. Though not ___1___, they offered to act like family.”可知，他们像家人一样照料生病的罗斯。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，他们轮流在家照料罗斯，后来因为她的健康状况不断恶化，把她送到了辅助生活设施，最后又送到了养老院。A. improving改善的；B. ruined被毁坏的；C. manageable可处理的；D. declining恶化的。根据后文“moving her into an assisted-living facility and eventually into a nursing home”可知，罗斯的健康状况在恶化。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她会带他们出去吃饭，但之后会限制他们能点什么，还会抱怨他们所做的一切。A. limit限制；B. recommend推荐；C. distribute分配；D. predict预测。根据前文“Rose was difficult to get along with”和后文“complained about everything they did”可知，罗斯难相处，会限制他们点餐。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让他们很困惑，也让他们感到越来越沮丧。A. guilty内疚的；B. frustrated沮丧的；C. relieved宽慰的；D. excited兴奋的。根据前文“Rose was difficult to get along with”、“complained about everything they did”和“This led to their confusion”可知，罗斯的行为让他们困惑且沮丧。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，凯伦跟我分享了照料罗斯给她带来的越来越重的责任感。A. dependence依赖；B. impact影响；C. responsibility责任；D. debt债务。根据前文“they offered to act like family”以及“For years, they took turns ___2___ Rose in her home”可知，凯伦因照料罗斯而有了沉重的责任感。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我问她是否有过志愿服务经历时，她回答说她没有时间。A. experience经历；B. interest兴趣；C. ambition抱负；D. training训练。根据后文“she responded that she had no time”和后文的“I then suggested that she ___8___ looking after Rose as volunteer work.”可知，此处是问凯伦是否有志愿经历。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我建议她把照顾罗斯看作是志愿工作。A. describe描述；B. classify分类；C. view看待；D. dismiss解雇。根据后文“From then on, they still did the same work, but as “volunteers,””可知，此处指的是建议她将照料罗斯看作志愿工作，“view...as...”为固定搭配，意为“把……看作……”。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯伦的看法改变了。A. emotion情绪；B. routine常规；C. perspective看法；D. priority优先事项。根据前文“Instantly, it was like a light bulb went on.”和后文“She told David the same that night, and the idea changed everything.”可知，凯伦的看法发生了改变。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，他们仍然做着同样的工作，但作为“志愿者”，感觉肩上的担子轻了——不再是一种义务，而是一种选择。A. lighter更轻松的；B. faster更快的；C. softer更柔软的；D. simpler更简单的。根据后文“no longer a duty, but a choice”可知，心态转变后，这份工作感觉更轻松了。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在罗斯的余生里，他们仍然忠实地提供帮助，并在这个角色中找到了乐趣。A. reluctantly不情愿地；B. briefly短暂地；C. faithfully忠实地；D. occasionally偶尔。根据前文“From then on, they still did the same work”和后文的“finding joy in the role.”可知，他们依然忠实地照料罗斯。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但也有一种方法可以将繁重的承诺重新定义为“志愿服务”。A. escape逃离；B. ignore忽视；C. simplify简化；D. redefine重新定义。根据前文“I then suggested that she view looking after Rose as volunteer work”以及后文“By doing so, a task we feel forced to do can become a voluntary act.”可知，此处指的是将繁重承诺重新定义为志愿工作。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，他们照料罗斯的承诺似乎是一项不受欢迎的负担。A. approach方法；B. commitment承诺；C. objection反对；D. attitude态度。根据前文“Though not ___1___ , they offered to act like family. For years, they took turns ___2___ Rose in her home, then moving her into an assisted-living facility and eventually into a nursing home due to her ___3___ health.”以及“But there’s also a way to ___12___ a burdensome commitment as “volunteering”.”可知，此处指他们照料罗斯的承诺。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，他们照料罗斯的承诺似乎是一项不受欢迎的负担。A. task任务；B. routine常规；C. joke玩笑；D. burden负担。根据前文“One day, Karen shared with me the growing weight of___6___ she felt from caring for Rose.”以及“a burdensome commitment”可知，起初这对他们来说是负担。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但转变之后，一项家务变成了一段有意义的经历。A. rewarding有意义的，值得的；B. pains-taking费力的；C. time-consuming耗时的；D. refreshing令人耳目一新的。根据语境和前文“finding joy in the role”可知，这份工作变成了有意义的经历。故选A项。 非选择题部分 注意：将答案写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上无效。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分 15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing recently made technological history by hosting the world’s first half-marathon for humanoid robots, marking a significant milestone in robotics development. Twenty teams from top universities and tech firms participated, with six robots ____36____ (complete) the 21-kilometer race. The winner, Tiangong Ultra, finished it in just 2 hours and 40 minutes. This groundbreaking ____37____ (compete) represented a crucial transition from controlled laboratory testing to real-world application. Unlike artificial lab environments, the marathon’s unpredictable outdoor conditions tested the robots’ adaptability and endurance capabilities. Beyond sports, such robots are already in use — for example, the specialized inspection robots ____38____ (develop) by China Southern Power Grid, can operate ____39____ (reliable) in temperature extremes ranging from 40°C to 80°C while maintaining power lines in remote ____40____ (mountain) regions. Since the beginning of this year, Chinese tech giants like Xiaomi and Huawei, well aware of the opportunities, ____41____ (join) forces with automotive leaders including Tesla and Toyota in ____42____ has become an international race to advance this technology. However, experts caution that ____43____ rapid progress, significant technical hurdles remain. Most robots currently operate at Level 2 autonomy but achieving Level 4 — full independence — needs breakthroughs in AI decision-making. For students considering future careers in technology, humanoid robotics represents one of the most exciting and promising fields ____44____ may transform industries and daily life. ____45____ successful Beijing marathon serves as both a testament to how far we have come and s preview of the remarkable innovations still to come. 【答案】36. completing 37. competition 38. developed 39. reliably 40. mountainous 41. have joined 42. what 43. despite 44. that 45. The 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京举办的世界首个人形机器人半程马拉松比赛，标志着机器人技术发展的一个重要里程碑，并探讨了该技术的应用前景和当前面临的挑战。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：来自顶尖大学和科技公司的20支队伍参加了比赛，其中6个机器人完成了21公里的比赛。此处是with的复合结构作状语，宾语robots与complete之间是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填completing。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：这一开创性的比赛代表了从受控实验室测试到实际应用的关键转变。空格前有形容词groundbreaking修饰，需填名词competition，作主语，意为“比赛”。故填competition。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了体育领域之外，这类机器人已经在实际应用中得到使用——例如，中国南方电网研发的专门用于检查的机器人，能够在40摄氏度到80摄氏度的极端温度环境中可靠运行，维护偏远山区的电力线路。develop作后置定语，与逻辑主语robots是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填developed。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词operate需用副词reliably作状语，意为“可靠地”。故填reliably。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在偏远的山区维护电力线路。句意：除了体育领域之外，这类机器人已经在实际应用中得到使用——例如，中国南方电网研发的专门用于检查的机器人，能够在40摄氏度到80摄氏度的极端温度环境中可靠运行，维护偏远山区的电力线路。修饰名词regions，需用形容词mountainous作定语，意为“多山的”。故填mountainous。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自今年年初以来，小米和华为等中国科技巨头深知其中机遇，在已成为一场推进该技术发展的国际竞赛中与特斯拉和丰田等汽车业领军企业携手合作。今年以来，小米和华为等中国科技巨头已与特斯拉和丰田等汽车行业领导者联手。join(联合)是谓语动词，结合since引导时间状语，描述从过去持续到现在的情况，应用现在完成时态，且主语Chinese tech giants是复数，谓语用复数形式。故填have joined。 【42题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意同上。in后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而专家警告，尽管进展迅速，但仍存在重大技术障碍。空格后接名词短语rapid progress，表示让步关系，用介词despite构成介词短语作让步状语，表示“尽管”。故填despite。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：对于考虑未来在科技领域发展的学生来说，人形机器人代表着最具前景和令人兴奋的领域之一，它可能会改变各行各业和日常生活。空处引导定语从句，先行词fields，在从句中作主语，先行词前有形容词最高级修饰，用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：北京马拉松的成功既证明了我们已经取得的成就，也预示了未来将出现的卓越创新。此处特指“北京马拉松”，用定冠词the限定，句首单词首字母大写。故填The。 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你校英语节将举办主题为“Gift a Book, Gift Hope”的捐书活动，旨在为偏远地区学生募集书籍。请你为你所捐赠的最喜爱的一本书写一篇短文附在书中，内容包括： (1) 书本简介； (2) 赠书理由； (3) 寄语希望。 注意： (1) 写作词数应为80左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear friend, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear friend, I’m delighted to share my favorite book The Little Prince with you. This timeless tale explores themes of love, friendship, and the essence of life through the journey of a young prince. I chose this book because its simple yet profound wisdom has inspired me greatly. I hope that it brings you joy and courage, just as it did for me. May this book open a window to new dreams and possibilities for you. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为自己所捐赠的最喜爱的一本书写一篇短文附在书中，参加为偏远地区学生募集书籍活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：delighted→pleased 永恒：timeless→permanent 选择：choose→select 快乐：joy→pleasure 2.句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：I chose this book because its simple yet profound wisdom has inspired me greatly. 拓展句：The reason why I chose this book was that its simple yet profound wisdom has inspired me greatly. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I chose this book because its simple yet profound wisdom has inspired me greatly. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】I hope that it brings you joy and courage, just as it did for me. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It’s my graduation day! The ceremony was to be held in a large auditorium downtown on a damp December afternoon. As I prepared for this important day, choosing a simple black dress and even putting on makeup — both unusual for me — my mind was occupied with anxiety rather than excitement. Due to my neurological condition (神经系统疾病) that affected my mobility and coordination (协调性), the upcoming ceremony filled me with fear. I had learned that I would need to negotiate a flight of stairs during the proceedings. The mere thought of walking across the stage was terrifying enough, but the additional challenge of stairs seemed impossible. To make matters worse, I would have to shake hands with my professors and receive my diploma with my right hand, which has limited control due to my condition These seemingly small details felt like impossible obstacles Consumed by fear, I called Sally in tears, telling her I couldn’t go through with it. She had been my notetaker throughout university because of my condition, but she was far more than that. We had been through many rough spots during the past two years. We took all our classes together, studied together, and edited each other’s work. Sally listened patiently as I poured out my anxieties. Then, she responded with determined support. “You are walking, damn it!” she declared firmly. She promised to handle everything and made me promise to show up at the auditorium. Though still fearful, I splashed cold water on my tear-stained face, touched up my makeup, and whispered to myself, “I’m doing this.” When I arrived at the auditorium, the reality of those frightening stairs hit me again. Just as panic began to seize me. Sally found me immediately. She hugged me tightly and assured me, “I have it all worked out. It’s going to be fine.” To my surprise, I noticed many of my classmates gathered nearby, their faces filled with warm smiles and encouraging nods. At this, I felt a surge of strength flowing through me, though I still couldn’t imagine how I would manage the challenges ahead. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: As my name was called, I took a deep breath and began moving toward the stage. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Walking down the stairs on the other side, I felt an overwhelming surge of pride. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As my name was called, I took a deep breath and began moving toward the stage. My legs felt heavy, each step a struggle against my own limitations. But Sally was right there beside me, her steady presence a source of comfort. As we reached the stairs, I felt a wave of panic wash over me. Yet, just as I started to falter, a pair of strong hands from behind steadied me. It was one of my classmates, silently offering his support. With renewed determination, I ascended each step, one at a time, until I finally stood at the top, facing the proud smiles of my professors. Walking down the stairs on the other side, I felt an overwhelming surge of pride. Tears of joy blurred my vision as I realized I had overcome not just the physical challenge of the stairs, but also the mental barriers that had held me back. Sally was waiting for me at the bottom, her eyes shining with pride and relief. As I embraced her, I knew that this moment was not just about receiving a diploma; it was about proving to myself and to the world that with the support of loved ones, I could conquer any obstacle that came my way. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述的是作者在毕业典礼这一重要时刻，因自身神经系统疾病导致的行动和协调障碍而充满焦虑与恐惧的故事。面对典礼中需要走楼梯、用受限的右手与教授握手和接收毕业证书等挑战，作者一度感到无法克服并想要放弃。然而，在挚友Sally的坚定支持和鼓励下，以及同学们温暖而鼓舞人心的反应中，作者最终鼓起勇气，决定直面恐惧，参加毕业典礼。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当我的名字被叫到时，我深吸了一口气，开始向舞台走去。”可知，第一段可描写作者在毕业典礼上被叫到名字后，克服身体局限和心理恐惧，在朋友Sally和同学的帮助下，艰难却坚定地走上舞台的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“走过另一边的楼梯，我感到一股强烈的自豪感涌上心头。”可知，第二段可描写作者成功走下舞台另一侧的楼梯后，内心涌起的强烈自豪感，以及这一经历所带来的深刻感悟。 2.续写线索：走向舞台——攀登楼梯——抵达顶端——走下楼梯——拥抱Sally——感悟成长 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①到达楼梯：reach the stairs/arrive at the stairs ②爬楼梯：ascend each step/mount each step ③拥抱：embrace/hug 情绪类 ①恐慌：panic/trepidation ②高兴：joy/delight 【点睛】[高分句型1] As we reached the stairs, I felt a wave of panic wash over me. (由as引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2] As I embraced her, I knew that this moment was not just about receiving a diploma; it was about proving to myself and to the world that with the support of loved ones, I could conquer any obstacle that came my way. (由as引导的时间状语从句，that引导的宾语从句和that引导的限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $