选修二Unit 1词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

选修2Unit1词汇精讲 Unit 1 vocation 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):职业；行业 Teaching is a vocation for which you need patience and dedication.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n):使命感；天职 He felt a vocation to help the poor..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：vocational;意为职业的，行业的：例句：Vocational training is very important for young people..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：occupation(n.):职业；例句：Please state your name,age and occupation..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近 义词：profession(n.):专业；职业；例句：He is a doctor by profession.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：choose a vocation:选择一种职业；适用于个人选择职业的场景，语法上a后接具体职业；例句：lt's important to choose a vocation that you are interested in.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：follow one's vocation:从事某人的职 业；适用于描述从事职业的场景；例句：He decided to follow his vocation as an artist.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的词义理解；原题：What's your.__?m a teacher..(答案：vocation) (来源：教材) gain 词义与词性 ■()(V.):获得：赢得；博得 The company has gained a reputation for qualty products.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):增加；增添 She has gained weight recently.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):好处；益处；改进 The new regulations will be of great gain to the industry.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：gain;形容词：gainful;动词过去式和过去分词：gained;现在分词：gaining;例句：He has a gainful employment. (来源：韦氏大词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：acquire:动词，获得；例句：She acquired a knowledge of English.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：obtain: 动词，获得；例句：You can obtain the book from the library..(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：win:动词，赢得；例 句：He won the first prize in the competition.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：gain from:从…中获得；适用于描述从某事或某人那里得到好处的场景，语法上from后接获得的来源； 例句：You can gain a lot from reading good books.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：gain weight:增加体重；适用于 描述体重变化的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：He began to gain weight after he stopped exercising.(来源：柯林 斯词典)；短语3：gain experience:获得经验；适用于描述获取经验的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：You should gain more experience before you take on this job.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：gain access to:获得使用…的 机会；适用于描述获取某种资源或机会的场景，语法上to后接获得的对象；例句：Students can gain access to the library's resources..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：He (gain)a lot of experience last year.(答案：gained)考法 2:考察固定搭配gain from:原题：ecan_ a lot _this experience..(答案：gain:fom) (来源：教材) impress [词义与词性 ■(.)(v.):给…留下深刻的印象；使钦佩 His words im,pressed me deeply..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):使铭记；给…留下深刻的印象 y father impressed on me the value of hard work.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：impressive(给人深刻印象的，令人钦佩的)：例句：The view from the top of the mountain is really impressive (来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：impression(印象，感觉)；例句：What's your first impression of this city??(来源：柯林 斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：impressed;现在分词：impressing:例句：He was impressed by her performance. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：amaze(v.):使惊奇，使惊愕；例句：The magician's tricks amazed the audience.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 近义词：astonish(v.):使十分惊讶，使大吃一惊；例句：The news really astonished me.(来源：柯林斯词典)近 义词：strike(v.):给…以深刻印象；例句：What struck me most was his kindness.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：impress sb.with sth：用某物给某人留下深刻印象；适用于描述展示某物让他人产生深刻感受的场景，语法 上with后接留下印象的事物：例句：The salesman impressed me with his knowledge of the product..(来源：牛津高阶 词典)短语2：impress sth.on/upon sb.:使某人铭记某事；适用于强调让某人记住重要事情的场景，语法上on/upon 后接人；例句：My mother impressed on me the importance of honesty..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：be impressed by/with:被…所打动：适用于表达个人对事物的感受，语法上by/with后接打动的事物；例句：I was impressed by the beauty of the painting.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式；原题：She_(impress)y the kindness of the local people when she visited the village last year..(答案：was impressed)考法2：考察固定搭配impress sth.onsb.;原题：Parents should」 the value of hard work their children.(答案：impress;on) (来源：教材) clerk 词义与词性 ■(n.(n):职员；办事员；店员 The bank clerk checked my account balance.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■动词：clerken(少见用法，意为使成为职员)例句：There are no common examples in general dictionaries.;动词 过去式和过去分词形式：clerkened;例句：同样少见使用，暂无权威例句来源。 同近义词 ■-同义词：employee(n.):雇员；例句：The company has many employees..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：assistant (n.):助理；例句：The manager's assistant helped him with the paperwork.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：bank clerk:银行职员；适用于描述银行工作场景，语法上直接使用；例句：A bank clerk helps customers with their financial transactions.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：sales clerk:售货员；适用于商业销售场景，语法上 直接使用；例句：The sales clerk showed me some new products.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：court clerk:法院 书记员；适用于司法场景，语法上直接使用；例句：The court clerk recorded all the proceedings.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其在具体语境中的使用：原题：The (clerk)in the store were very friendly.(答案：clerks) (来源：教材) loosen 词义与词性 ■()(v.):解开；放松；松开 Loosen your tie,t's too tight.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):放宽：使变弱 The government has loosened its control over the media.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：loose:例句：He wore a loose shirt..(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：looseness;例句：The looseness of the rope made it easy to untie.(来源：柯林斯词典)现在分词：loosening;例句：He is loosening the screws..(来源：牛 津高阶词典)过去式和过去分词：loosened:例句：She loosened her grip on the handle.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：relax(v.):放松；使轻松；例句：You should relax after a long-day work.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： unfasten(v.):解开；松开；例句：Unfasten your seat-belt.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：loosen up:放松；使放松；适用于让人或身体部位放松的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：You should loosen up and enjoy the party..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：loosen one's grip/hold on:松开对…的控制；适用于描述放 弃控制或减少掌控力的场景，语法上on后接被控制的对象；例句：The company is loosening its hold on the market, (来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：loosen the restrictions::放宽限制；适用于政策、规则等方面放宽的场景，语法上re- strictions用复数；例句：The government decided to loosen the restrictions on foreign investment..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：He」 (loosen)his shoelaces before taking off his shoes..(答案：loosened) 考法2：考察固定搭配loosen up;原题：You need to, before the game.(答案：loosen up) (来源：教材) descend 词义与词性 ■()(V.):下来；下降：降临 The plane began to descend.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):下倾；下斜 The path descends sharply to the river..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):起源（于）：是…的后裔 He descends from a noble family.(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ■名词：descent;例句：His family can trace its descent back to the16 th century..(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词： descendant;例句：Many Americans are descendants of immigrants.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：drop:动词，下降；例句：The temperature dropped suddenly.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：fal:动词 落下；下降；例句：Leaves fall in autumn.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：decline:动词，下降；衰退；例句：The economy is in decline.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：descend from:从…下来；起源于；是…的后裔；适用于描述位置移动、起源或家族传承场景，语法上from 后接起点或祖先；例句：The tourists descended from the bus.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：descend on/upon:突 然造访；袭击；适用于描述人突然到达或攻击场景；例句：Reporters descended on the accident site.(来源：柯林斯 词典)短语3：descend to:堕落成：沦为；适用于描述人行为变差的场景，语法上to后接不好的行为；例句：He wouldn't descend to such rudeness.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式；原题：The climbers」 (descend)the mountain safely.(答案descended) 考法2：考察固定搭配descend from:原题：This custom.」 ancient times..(答案：descends from) (来源：教材) amused 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):愉快的；觉得好笑的；被逗乐的 We were all∥amused by his jokes.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：amuse;例句：The magician amused the children with his tricks.(来源：柯林斯词典)名词：amusement;例 句：To our amusement,the actor jumped on and off the stage.(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：amusing;:例句：It's an amusing story..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：entertained:形容词，愉快的；例句：The audience was entertained by the show.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近 义词：diverted:形容词，开心的；例句：The children were diverted by the clowns.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be amused by:被…逗乐；适用于描述某人被某事或某人逗笑的场景，语法上by后接逗乐的对象；例句： The kids were amused by the clown.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：find sth.amusing:觉得某事好笑；适用于表 达个人对事物的感受场景，语法上fnd后接宾语，amusing作宾语补足语；例句：Ifind his stories amusing.(来源： 柯林斯词典)；短语3：in an amused voice:用愉快的声音；适用于描述说话方式的场景，语法上in后接表示方式 的名词短语；例句：He said it in an amused voice.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：be highly amused:非常开心： 适用于强调开心程度的场景；例句：She was highly amused by the gift.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作表语；原题：He booked. (amuse)when he heard the news.(答案：amused)考法2：考察固定 搭配be amused by;原题：The kids were】 _the funny pictures.(答案：amused by) (来源：教材) edge [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):边缘；边线；例：e sat on the edge of the lake.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):刀刃；例：Be careful!The knife has a sharp edge.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(.)(v.):徐徐移动；例：He edged his way through the crowd.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：edged;有刃的，有边缘的；例句：The arrows had sharp-edged tips.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词： edging;例句：The child was edging towards the door.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式I过去分词：edged;例 句：The path was edged with flowers.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：brink(n.):边缘；例句：The company was on the brink of bankruptcy.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：rim (n.):边缘；例句：He put his glass on the rim of the table.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：on the edge of:在…边缘；适用于描述位置的场景，语法上后接地点名词；例句：The village is on the edge of the forest.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：edge away:慢慢离开；适用于描述人或物移动的场景，语法上 away为副词；例句：He edged away from the noisy crowd..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：edge out:挤掉，取代；适 用于描述竞争的场景，语法上out为副词；例句：The new company edged out the old one.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语4：have an edge on:比…有优势；适用于描述比较的场景，语法上on后接比较的对象；例句：Our team has an edge on the other team.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察固定搭配on the edge of:原题：The litle boy stood_the edge_the cliff..(答案：on:of) 考法2：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：She is._(edge)closer to the stage.(答案：edging) (来源：教材) toss [词义与词性 ■(.)(v.):扔：抛；掷 He tossed the ball to me.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):甩（头） She tossed her head proudly.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):使摇动；使颠簸 The small∥boat was tossed about on the rough sea.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):扔；抛；掷 Let's have a toss to see who goes first.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：toss;动词过去式/过去分词：tossed(规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：He tossed the book on the table.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)；动词现在分词：tossing;例句：The waves were tossing the boat violently..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：throw:动词，扔；抛；掷；例句：He can throw the ball very far..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：fling:动 词，猛扔；急抛；例句：She flung her shoe at him.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：hurl:动词，猛投；猛掷；例句： He hurled a stone at the window.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：toss sth.tosb:把某物扔给某人；适用于描述扔东西给他人的场景，语法上to后接接收物品的人；例句： Toss the keys to me.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：toss and turn:翻来覆去；适用于描述人在床上难以入睡的场 景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：Itossed and tured all night..（来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：toss a coin:掷硬币（以作 决定)；适用于需要随机做决定的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：Let's toss a coin to decide who pays..(来源：牛 津高阶词典)短语4：toss sth.up:把某物向上抛；适用于描述向上扔东西的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：He tossed the ball up in the air.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：He (toss)the coin into the air just now.(答案tossed)考法2：考察固定 搭配toss sth.tosb.;原题：Please the ball me.(答案：toss:to) (来源：教材) mailbox 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):邮箱；信箱；邮筒 I dropped the letter into the mailbox.(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■名词复数：mailboxes;例句：There are several mailboxes in this area.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：postbox::名词，邮箱；例句：You can post the letter in the postbox over there.(来源：柯林斯词典)；-近 义词：letter box:名词，信箱；例句：The postman put the letters into the letter box.(来源：剑桥词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：drop sth.into the mailbox:把某物投入邮箱；适用于寄信等场景，语法上into后接邮箱；例句：He dropped the postcard into the mailbox.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：check the mailbox:查看邮箱；适用于查看是否有信 件的场景，语法上直接用check加邮箱；例句：She checks the mailbox every day..(来源：朗文当代英语词典)；短 语3：mailbox address:邮箱地址；适用于网络或现实中表示地址的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：Please tell me your mailbox address.(来源：剑桥词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are many」 (mailbox)in the neighborhood.(答案：mailboxes) (来源：教材) worthwhile [词义与词性 ■(ad,)(adj):值得做的；值得花时间（或花钱、努力等）的 It is a worthwhile experiment even if it fails.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■副词：worthily;例句：He served the country worthily.(来源：韦氏词典)名词：worthiness;例句：We should consider the worthiness of this plan.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：worthwhile和worthwhile词性相同，此处不重复列举，近义词：valuable(adj.):有价值的；例句：This old book is very valuable.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：rewarding(adj.):值得做的；有意义的；例句：Volunteering is a rewarding experience.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be worthwhile doing sth.:值得做某事；适用于表达做某事有价值的场景，语法上后接动名词；例句：tis worthwhile visiting the museum.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be worthwhile to do sth.:值得做某事；适用于表达 做某事有价值的场景，语法上后接动词不定式；例句：It is worthwhile to help others.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，修饰名词：原题：tsa (worthwhile)attempt although it may fail..(答案：worthwhile) (来源：教材) territory [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):领土；版图：领地 This island is our territory.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):(某人负责的)地区，地盘 Sales reps cover a wide territory..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):(动物的)领地 The territory of this lion is very large.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：territorial;例句：There are territorial disputes between the two countries.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：domain:名词，领域、领土；例句：This is the domain of the king.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：region: 名词，地区；例句：This region has a lot of natural resources.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in the territory of:在…的领土上；适用于描述地理位置的场景，语法上of后接所属的对象：例句：There are many beautiful lakes in the territory of Canada.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：territory dispute:领土争端；适 用于描述国家或地区之间的矛盾场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：The two countries have a territory dispute.(来源： 柯林斯词典)短语3：defend one's territory:保卫某人的领土；适用于描述保卫行为的场景，语法上one's后接所属 人；例句：The soldiers are ready to defend their territory.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词词义：原题：The country will never give up an inch of its (territory)..(答案：territory》 (来源：教材) sensational 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):轰动性的；引起哗然的 The press got hold of a sensational story.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):极好的；绝妙的 The concert was sensational.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：sensation;例句：Flying gives me a wonderful sensation.(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词：sensationally:例句： The play was sensationally successful.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：stunning:形容词，极有魅力的；例句：She looked stunning in her wedding dress.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 近义词：remarkable:形容词，非凡的；例句：He showed remarkable courage..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：sensational news:轰动性的新闻；适用于描述新闻具有轰动效应的场景，语法上news为名词；例句：The sensational news shocked the whole town.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：sensational performance:精彩的表演；适 用于描述表演非常出色的场景，语法上performance为名词；例句：The singer gave a sensational performance last night.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作定语修饰名词：原题：The (sensational)news spread quickly.(答案：sensational) (来源：教材) wander [词义与词性 ■()(v.):闲逛；漫游；游荡；漫步；徘徊；流浪；漂泊 She wandered around the town.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):走神；开小差；离题 His mind wandered during the lecture..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):(目光)游移，（河流、道路等）蜿蜒 The river wanders through the valley.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：wanderer;:动词现在分词：wandering;动词过去式和过去分词：wandered;例句：The old man is a wanderer who has traveled all over the world.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：roam:动词，漫游；例句：They roamed the hills looking for sheep.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：ramble: 动词，漫步；例句：Ne rambled through the woods.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：stray:动词，迷路；例句：The dog strayed from its owner.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：wander around:四处闲逛；适用于描述人在某个地方随意走动的场景，语法上around后接地点；例句：Ilike to wander around the market on Sundays.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：wander off::走失；离开原处；适用于描述 人或动物离开原来的位置的场景，语法上of后不接宾语；例句：The child wandered off and got lost.(来源：柯林斯词 典)；短语3：wander about:徘徊；漫步；适用于描述人在某个区域内漫无目的地走动的场景，语法上about后可接 地点；例句：He was wandering about the streets.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：wander into::走进；漫步进入；适用 于描述人不经意地进入某个地方的场景，语法上into后接地点；例句：She wandered into the shop.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：She ,(wander)into the park yesterday..(答案wandered);考法2：考察個 定搭配wander around:原题：He likes to】 the city on weekends.(答案：wander around) (来源：教材) bare 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj.):裸露的，无遮盖的 The children played on the bare ground.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(ad)(adj):光秃秃的，无装饰的