必修三Unit 3词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

必修3Unit3词汇精讲 Unit 3 ideal [词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):理想的；完美的；最合适的 This is an ideal spot for a picnic.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):想象的；不切实际的 The ideal solution will never be found.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):理想：完美的人（或事物） She's looking for a man who meets her ideals.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：idealistic(理想主义的；不切实际的)；例句：He has an idealistic view of the world.(来源：柯林斯词典)名 词：idealism(理想主义；唯心主义)；例句：The professor's lectures were full of idealism.(来源：韦氏大词典)副 词：ideally(理想地；理论上)；例句：Ideally,,we should finish this work today.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：perfect(adj.):完美的；例句：The weather was perfect for a day at the beach.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近 义词：optimal(ad.):最优的；例句：The optimal temperature for this plant is25 degrees.(来源：柯林斯词典)近 义词：utopian(ad):乌托邦的；不切实际的；例句：He had a utopian vision of a world without war.(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：ideal for:对…是理想的；适用于描述某物适合某种用途或场景的情况，语法上for后接适合的对象；例 句：This type of soil is ideal for growing vegetables..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in one's ideal world:在某人理想 的世界里；适用于表达个人的愿望或设想的场景；例句：In my ideal world,everyone would have equal opportunities. (来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：reach an ideal:实现一个理想；适用于描述达成目标的场景，语法上reach为及物动 词，后接理想的内容；例句：Ne should work hard to reach our ideals.(来源：韦氏大词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义，作定语修饰名词；原题：This hotel is an_ (dea)place for a vacation..(答案：ideal)考法2： 考察名词词义，作宾语；原题：He still holds on to his_一((ideal)despite the difficulties..(答案：deas) (来源：教材) broad 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):宽阔的；广阔的；宽广的 The river is very broad at this point..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(ad):广泛的；普遍的；全面的 We need to take a broad view of the problem.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj)(adj):概括的；一般的；不具体的 Can you give me a broad idea of what happened?(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■副词：broadly:宽广地；广泛地；一般地；例句：Broadly speaking,the plan is a good one..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 名词：breadth;宽度；广度；广泛；例句：The breadth of the river is about200 meters.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：wide(ad.):宽的；广阔的；侧重于从一边到另一边的距离；例句：The wide road can accommodate four lanes of traffic.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：extensive(adj):广泛的；大量的；涉及范围广的；例句：He has extensive knowledge of history..(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：comprehensive(ad):全面的；综合的；包含多方面 的；例句：Ne offer a comprehensive range of courses.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：broad in the beam:(指人)臀部宽阔的；适用于描述人的体型特征场景，语法上常作表语；例句：The old man is a bit broad in the beam.(来源：韦氏大词典)短语2：broad smile:灿烂的笑容；适用于描述人表情的场景， 语法上常作宾语；例句：She gave a broad smile when she saw her friend.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：broad outline:大致轮廓；适用于描述事物大概样子的场景，语法上常作宾语；例句：Can you give me the broad outline of the plan?(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：broad daylight:大白天；光天化日之下；适用于描述时间和场景的场景，语 法上常作状语；例句：The robbery happened in broad daylight..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义及用法；原题：The river is so._that it's difficult to swim across.(答案：broad)考法2：考察副 词broadly的用法；原题： _speaking,.the results are satisfactory.(答案：Broadly) (来源：教材) 请你提供具体单词，以便我按照要求为其补充详细内容。 词义与词性 shallow 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj.):浅的；不深的 The shallow water near the shore is ideal for children to play in.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):肤浅的；浅薄的 He has a shallow understanding of the problem.(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■副词：shallowly;例句：She breathed shallowly in her sleep.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：shallowness;例句：The shallowness of his character was obvious.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：superficial:形容词，肤浅的；例句：He has a superficial knowledge of many subjects..(来源：牛津高阶词 典)近义词：flimsy:形容词，浅薄的；例句：His argument is rather flimsy..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：shallow water::浅水；适用于描述水域深度的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：e waded in the shallow water.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：shallow talk:肤浅的谈话；适用于描述交流内容的场景，语法上作名词 短语；例句：They engaged in shallow talk at the party.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：shallow breathing:浅呼吸； 适用于描述呼吸状态的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：His shallow breathing worried the doctor..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其比较级和最高级形式；原题：The river here is much (shallow)than that one.(答案shallower) (来源：教材) short-sighted 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj.):近视的 He is short-sighted and needs glasses.(来源：剑桥词典) ■(adj)(adj):目光短浅的；缺乏远见的 It was a short-sighted decision.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：short-sightedness;指近视或目光短浅的状态；例句：His short-sightedness made him unable to see the long -term benefits.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：myopic(adj.):近视的；目光短浅的；例句：Myopic people often have trouble seeing distant objects clearly. (来源：韦氏词典)；近义词：shortsighted(adj.):目光短浅的；例句：Their shortsighted policies led to many problems (来源：朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be short-sighted about sth.:在某事上目光短浅；适用于评价某人在某方面缺乏远见的场景，语法上about 后接具体事情；例句：He is short-sighted about his career development..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：a short -sighted view::短浅的观点；适用于描述观点缺乏远见的场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：This is a short-sighted view of the problem.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察该词在描述人缺乏远见场景中的运用；原题：ts」 (short-sighted)of you to give up this good opportunity. (答案：shot-sighted) (来源：教材) representation 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):代表：表示；象征 The painting is a representation of a storm at sea.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):描绘；描述；表现 The movie gives a realistic representation of life in the city..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):陈述；抗议 They made representations to the authorities about the high prices.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：represent;例句：The red flag represents our motherland.(来源：朗文当代词典)；形容词：representative;例 句：This group is representative of the whole population.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：depiction(n.):描绘；例句：The book gives a vivid depiction of the war..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；-近义 词：portrayal(n.):描绘；表现；例句：His portrayal of the character was excellent.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in representation of:代表；适用于描述某人代表某个组织、群体等的场景，语法上of后接代表的对象； 例句：He spoke in representation of the whole class.(来源：朗文当代词典)；短语2：a representation of:.…的 表现/描绘；适用于描述对事物的呈现场景，语法上of后接被呈现的事物；例句：This sculpture is a representation of a famous hero.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：make representations to:向…提出抗议I陈述；适用于表达向 相关方面提出意见或诉求的场景，语法上to后接接收陈述或抗议的对象；例句：They made representations to the management about the working conditions..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词词义；原题：The statue is a powerful_(representation)of freedom.(答案：representation):考法2： 考察固定搭配in representation of原题：She attended the meeting (in representation of)the company. (答案：in representation of) (来源：教材) shave [词义与词性 ■()(v.):剃；刮（胡须等） He shaves every morning..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):削去；刨去 She shaved a thin layer off the wood..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):刮脸；剃须 He had a quick shave before going out..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：shaven;过去分词作形容词，意为剃光的，刮过脸的；例句：He looked strange with his shaven head.(来 源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式：shaved;规则变化，直接加-d;例句：He shaved his beard yesterday..(来源：牛津 高阶词典)动词过去分词：shaved/shaven;例句：He has shaved /shaven his beard.(来源：柯林斯词典)现在分 词：shaving;去e加-ing;例句：He is shaving himself in the bathroom.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：trim:动词，修剪；例句：He trimmed his beard.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：shear:动词，剪（羊毛 等)：例句：They shear sheep in spring.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：shave off:剃掉；刮掉；适用于描述去除毛发的场景，语法上off后可接毛发相关名词；例句：He shaved off his beard.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：shave sb..dry:把某人的胡须刮干净；适用于理发店等刮胡子场景；例 句：The barber shaved him dry.(来源：《汉英大词典》)短语3：shave with:用…刮胡子；适用于说明刮胡子工 具的场景，语法上with后接工具；例句：He shaves with an electric razor..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察动词的过去式形式；原题：He」 (shave))his head last week..(答案：shaved)考法2：考察固定搭配shave of:原题：He decided to_ his moustache.(答案：shave off) (来源：教材) generation 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):一代（约30年）；一辈人；一代人 Ne aim to improve conditions for the next generation..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):(产品发展的)代，一代产品 This new model is the latest in a long line of improvements.It's a quantum leap forward from the previous generation.( 林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):产生；发生 the generation of heat by friction(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：generational;例句：There are generational differences in attitudes towards marriage.(来源：柯林斯词典) 动词：generate;例句：Wind power can generate electricity.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：cohort:名词，一群人；一代人；例句：The cohort of students entering college this year is larger than last year. (来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：age:名词，时代：时期；例句：We are living in the age of information.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a generation ago:一代以前；适用于描述过去某个时间点，语法上一般用于一般过去时；例句：A generation ago,most people walked to work.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语2：from generation to generation:一代一代地；适用于 描述事物的传承，语法上常作状语；例句：This custom has been passed down from generation to generation.(来源： 牛津高阶词典)短语3：for generations::一连好几代；适用于描述长时间的延续，语法上可用于现在完成时等；例 句：The family has lived in this house for generations.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：the younger generation:年轻一 代；适用于描述人群，语法上作主语或宾语；例句：The younger generation has different values.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的单复数形式：原题：The (generation)living in big cities face more challenges.(generations) 考法2：考察固定搭配from generation to generation:原题：This traditional skill has been passed on」 for hundreds of years.(答案：from generation to generation) (来源：教材) metal [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):金属 Most metals are good conductors of electricity..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):金属制的；金属般的 The table has a metal frame.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：metallic;有金属特性的，金属制的；例句：The ring has a metallic sheen.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：名词复 数：metals;不同种类的金属；例句：Different metals have different properties.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：ore:名词，矿石；例句：This mine produces a lot of ore.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；-近义词：alloy:名词， 合金；例句：Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：metal detector:金属探测器；适用于安检、寻宝等场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：Security guards use metal detectors at the airport.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：precious metal:贵金属；适用于金融、珠宝等领域， 语法上是名词短语；例句：Gold is a precious metal.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：base metal:贱金属；适用于冶 金等领域，语法上是名词短语；例句：Iron is a common base metal..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数；原题：Many_(meta)are used in industry.(答案：metals):考法2：考察作形容词修饰名 词：原题：The(metal)box is very strong.(答案：metal) (来源：教材) elegant 词义与词性 ■(adj,)优美的；文雅的；高雅的 The lady wore an elegant dress.（来源：剑桥词典)词义2(ad.):简洁的；巧妙的；简洁而巧妙的；例句：The scientist came up with an elegant solution to the problem.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：elegantly:例句：She danced elegantly across the stage.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：elegance;例句：The ballroom was full of elegance.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：graceful:形容词，优雅的；例句：The swan moved across the lake in a graceful way.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)近义词：refined:形容词，文雅的；例句：He has refined manners.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：elegant style:优雅的风格；适用于描述事物风格的场景，语法上style是名词；例句：This hotel has an elegant style.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：elegant appearance:优雅的外表；适用于描述人或物外观的场景，语 法上appearance是名词；例句：The actress has an elegant appearance.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察在句中作定语：原题：The_ (elegant)designed building attracted many visitors.(答案：elegantly) (来源：教材) stretch 词义与词性 ■()(v.):伸展；舒展；延伸 She stretched her ams above her head.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):一段时间；一片地域 a long stretch of hot weather(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：stretchable;可伸展的；例句：This fabric is stretchable.(来源：韦氏词典)动词过去式I过去分词：stretched; 规则变化，直接加-ed;例句：He stretched his legs after a long-time sitting..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词： stretching;规则变化，直接加-ing;例句：Stretching before exercise is important.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：extend(v.):延伸；扩展；例句：The road extends for miles..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：expand (v.):扩大；扩展；例句：Metals expand when they are heated.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：stretch out:伸展；伸直；适用于描述身体伸展动作的场景，语法上是动副结构；例句：He stretched out on the sofa.（来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：stretch oneself::伸展身体；适用于描述人舒展身体的场景；例句：You should stretch yourself after getting up.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：at a stretch:一口气地；连续地；适用于描述 持续做某事的场景，语法上一般用于句尾；例句：He can work for ten hours at a stretch.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短 语4：stretch from.to:从…延伸到…；适用于描述空间或时间的范围，语法上from和to后接相应范围的起 始和结束点；例句：The beach stretches from the village to the cliff.(来源：朗文当代词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：」 (stretch)your legs regularly is good for your health.(Stretching) 考法2：考察固定搭配stretch out:原题：He_ ,(stretch)out his hand to catch the bal.(答案：stretched) (来源：教材) odd 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj):古怪的，怪异的 He's an odd old man..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):奇数的 3,5,and7 are odd numbers.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj.)(adj):剩余的，零头的 He sold the house for100,000 and some odd dollars.(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ■副词：oddly;例句：Oddly enough,he didn't recognize me.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：oddness;例句：The oddness of his behavior made everyone stare.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：strange:形容词，奇怪的；例句：There was a strange noise in the house.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： peculiar:形容词，怪异的；例句：He has a peculiar way of speaking.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：odd numbers:奇数；适用于数学相关场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：1,3,5 are odd numbers.(来源：牛 津高阶词典)短语2：odd jobs:零工，杂活；适用于描述工作类型的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：He does odd jobs around the house.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：odd couple:性格迥异的一对；适用于描述人际关系的场景，语 法上作名词短语；例句：They are an odd couple but get along well..(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义，作定语修饰名词；原题：There was an」 silence in the room.(答案：odd)考法2：考察固定 搭配odd numbers;原题：Please write down all the between1and10.(答案：odd numbers) (来源：教材) display 词义与词性 ■()(V.):陈列；展出；展示 The美术馆displayed a lot of modern art.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):显示；表现 He displayed no sign of fear.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):展览；陈列；展示 There is a display of new cars in the showroom.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：display;形容词：displayable;动词过去式和过去分词：displayed;现在分词：displaying;例句：The displayable items are very attractive.(来源：自编合理示例) 同近义词 ■近义词：exhibit::动词，展出；陈列；例句：The museum exhibits a lot of precious relics.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近 义词：show:动词，展示；表现；例句：Please show me your new book.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：on display:展览：陈列；适用于描述物品在展览状态的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：The jewels are on display in the window.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：display sth.tosb.:向某人展示某物；适用于展示物品或信 息给他人的场景，语法上to后接展示对象；例句：The teacher displayed the map to the students.(来源：自编合理 示例)；短语3：display one's talent:展示某人的才华；适用于描述展示能力的场景，语法上talent可用其他表示能 力的名词替换；例句：She displayed her talent in the competition.(来源：自编合理示例) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式；原题：The products】 (display)at the fair last week..(答案：were displayed)考法2：考察固定搭配on display:原题：The famous painting is in the gallery.(答案：on display) (来源：教材) enable [词义与词性 ■()(v.):使能够；使有机会 The new software enables us to work more efficiently.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):使可行；使实现 The grant enabled the schoolto buy new equipment.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：enablement:例句：The enablement of new technologies has changed our lives.(来源：韦氏词典)；形容词： enabling;例句：The enabling legislation provides the necessary framework.(来源：剑桥词典)；动词过去式和过去 分词：enabled;例句：The training enabled her to get a better job.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；动词现在分词：enabling; 例句：Enabling students to think independently is an important goal..（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：empower(v.):授权；使能够；例句：The new law empowers the police to search premises without a warrant.. (来源：牛津高阶词典)；-近义词：alow(v.):允许；使有可能；例句：The ticket allows you to travel anywhere on the network.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：-近义词：permit(v.):允许；使有可能；例句：The regulations permit workers to take a two-hour break.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：enable sb..to do sth.:使某人能够做某事；适用于描述赋予某人能力去做某事的场景，语法上to后接动词 原形；例句：The scholarship enabled him to study abroad.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：enable sth.to happen: 使某事能够发生；适用于描述促使事情得以实现的场景，语法上to后接动词原形：例句：The new policy enables economic growth to happen.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：The new system」 (enable)users to access information more quickly.(答案enabled);考法2：考察固定搭配enable sb..to do sth..:原题：The special training」 the students (speak)English fluently.(答案：enabled:to speak) (来源：教材) sex 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):性别；性；适用于区分生物的雄性和雌性 The new law prohibits discrimination on the basis of race,sex,or religion..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):性行为；性交 The doctor advised him to abstain from sex for a while.(来源：柯林斯词典)