必修三Unit 1词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

必修3Unit1词汇精讲 Unit 1 nationality 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):国籍：民族 People of many nationalities live in New York.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：national;意为国家的，民族的；例句：The national flag is flying in the wind.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动 词：nationalize;意为使国有化，使民族化；例句：The government decided to nationalize the railways.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：citizenship(n.):公民身份，国籍；例句：He was granted British citizenship.（来源：牛津高阶词典)-近 义词：ethnicity(n.):种族渊源，民族特点；例句：People of different ethnicities live together harmoniously here.(来 源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：dual nationality:双重国籍；适用于描述一个人拥有两个国家国籍的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：He has dual nationality,.British and French.（来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：of...nationality:具有…国籍；适用于说明某人 的国籍情况，语法上of后接具体的国籍；例句：She is of Chinese nationality.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的词义；原题：People of different. _(nationality)should respect each other.(答案：nationalities)考法2： 考察名词单复数变化：原题：There are many_ (nationality)represented in this international school.(:nationalities) (来源：教材) journal [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):日志；日记；记事簿 She kept a journal of her travels.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):杂志；刊物；日报 He writes regularly for a scientific journal..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：journalistic(新闻业的；新闻工作者的)；例句：He has a journalistic style of writing.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 名词：journalist(新闻工作者；记者)：例句：My dream is to become a journalist..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：diary:名词，日记；例句：I write in my diary every night..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：magazine:名词， 杂志；例句：I like reading fashion magazines.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：keep a journal:记日记；适用于描述个人记录日常经历等场景，语法上keep后直接接journal;例句：It'sa good habit to keep a journal..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：academic journal::学术期刊；适用于学术研究、交流场 景，语法上直接使用；例句：He published an article in an academic journal.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：trade journal: 行业杂志；适用于行业内信息交流场景，语法上直接使用；例句：This trade journal provides the latest industry news, (来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词词义“日志；日记”；原题：She has written in her. every day for years.(答案：joumal)考法2：考 察固定搭配keep a journal:原题：I always」 to record my thoughts.(答案：keep a joumal) (来源：教材) annual 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj.):每年的；年度的；一年一次的 The school holds an annual sports meeting.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):年刊；年鉴；一年生植物 The library subscribes to several annuals.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：annually;例句：The report is updated annually.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：yearly(adj.):每年的；一年一次的；例句：Ne have a yearly family reunion.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义 词：perennial(ad.):常年的；多年生的；例句：Perennial plants come back year after year..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：annual income:年收入；适用于描述个人或组织一年的收入情况，语法上作名词短语；例句：His annual income is quite high.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：annual meeting:年会；适用于描述组织或团体每年举行的会议，语法上作 名词短语；例句：We‖discuss the plan at the annual meeting..(来源：柯林斯词典)：短语3：annual event::年度活动；适用 于描述每年都会举办的活动，语法上作名词短语；例句：The annual event attracts many tourists.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作定语修饰名词：原题：The」 (annual)report shows the company's progress this year (答案：annual) (来源：教材) entirely [词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adv.):完全地，彻底地 I entirely agree with you.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-形容词：entire(全部的，整个的)：例句：He spent the entire day at home..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：completely(adw.):完全地；例句：The room was completely empty.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： wholly(adv.):完全地；例句：I'm wholly in favor of your plan..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：entirely different:完全不同；适用于描述两者之间差异的场景，语法上可作表语或定语；例句：Their opinions are entirely different.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：entirely wrong:完全错误；适用于评价观点、行为等不正确的 场景，语法上可作表语；例句：You're entirely wrong about this.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察词义理解；原题：The result is_entirely)unexpected.(答案：entirely) (来源：教材) error 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):错误；差错；谬误 He made an error in his calculation.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):罪过；违法；错误行为 The judge forgave the young man's errors.(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：erroneous;例句：The information you provided is erroneous..(来源：柯林斯词典)副词：erroneously;例 句：He was erroneously accused of the crime.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：mistake:名词，错误；例句：I made a silly mistake.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：blunder:名词，大 错；例句：He committed a blunder in the negotiation.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：fault:名词，过失；例句：It's my fault that we are late.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：make an error:犯错误；适用于描述人犯错的场景，语法上an可换为其他限定词；例句：She made an error in judgment.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：in error::错误地；适用于描述行为是错误的场景，语法上常作状语； 例句：I sent the letter to the wrong address in error..(来源：柯林斯词典)：短语3：by error:错误地；与in error同 义，适用于描述不经意犯错的场景，语法上常作状语；例句：He took my umbrella by error..(来源：韦氏词典)；短 语4：correct an error:纠正错误；适用于描述改正错误的场景，语法上an可换为其他限定词；例句：You should correct the error as soon as possible.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are many. (ero)in your composition.(答案：eos)考法2：考察固定 搭配make an error::原题：You shouldn't (make an error))in such an easy question..(答案：make an error) (来源：教材) spot [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):斑点；污点；地点 The leopard has black spots on its fur..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):看见；注意到；认出 I spotted my friend in the crowd.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj)(ad):现货的；现场的 The spot price of gold has risen recently.(来源：剑桥词典) 词性转换 ■名词：spot;形容词：spotted;动词过去式/过去分词：spotted(规则变化，直接加ted);动词现在分词：spotting (直接加-ing):例句：The spotted dog is very cute..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：detect(v.):发现；察觉；指通过仔细观察或使用仪器等发现不易察觉的事物；例句：The sensor can detect smoke.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：notice(v.):注意到：指无意中注意到某个事物；例句：Did you notice the new sign?(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：spot sb/sth doing sth:发现某人/煤物正在做某事；适用于描述看到某人正在进行某个动作的场景，语 法上doing表示正在进行的动作；例句：I spotted him running in the park.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：on the spot:当场；立即；适用于需要马上做出反应或处理事情的场景；例句：He answered the question on the spot.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：spot a difference:发现差异；适用于比较事物并找出不同之处的场景；例句： Can you spot the difference between these two pictures?(来源：剑桥词典)短语4：hit the spot::正合需要；使人满 足；适用于描述食物、饮品等满足需求的场景；例句：A cold drink really hits the spot on a hot day.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：She_spot)a beautiful bird in the tree just now..(答案spotted) 考法2：考察固定搭配on the spot:原题：The police arrived at the accident scene (答案：on the spot) (来源：教材) female 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj.):女性的；雌性的 The female elephant is larger than the male.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):雌性动物；女子 The lion attacked a female.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：femaleness;指女性特质或雌性特征；例句：Her femaleness gives her a unique perspective.(来源：韦氏 词典)；形容词比较级：more female;用于两者比较时，描述更具女性特征或雌性特征；例句：This flower has a more female appearance.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)；形容词最高级：most female;用于三者或三者以上比较 时，描述最具女性特征或雌性特征；例句：Among these birds,this one has the most female features.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：womanly(adj.):有女子气质的；例句：She has a womanly charm.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： feminine(adj.):女性的，有女性特质的；例句：The dress has a very feminine design.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：female athlete:女运动员；适用于体育场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句：The female athlete won the gold medal..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：female doctor:女医生；适用于医疗场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句： My sister is a female doctor..(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：female voice:女声；适用于描述声音的场景，语法上可 作主语、宾语等；例句：I heard a female voice in the room.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)；短语4：female friend:女性 朋友；适用于社交场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句：She introduced her female friend to me.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其修饰名词的用法；原题：In this species,.the 一(female)birds are larger.(答案：female)考法 2:考察其名词形式，注意单复数：原题：There are several (female)in the group.(答案：females) (来源：教材) illustrate [词义与词性 ■()(V.):说明；阐明；举例说明 The results illustrate the importance of good training.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):给（书、杂志等）加插图（或图表） The book was beautifully illustrated.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：illustration;动词的现在分词：illustrating;动词的过去式和过去分词：illustrated;例句：The illustration in this book is very vivid.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：explain:动词，解释；近义词：clarify:动词，澄清；例句：Can you clarify your point?(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：llustrate sth.with sth.:用…来说明…；适用于讲解知识、阐明观点的场景，语法上with后接说明的 手段或例子；例句：The professor illustrated his theory with a lot of real-life examples.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短 语2：be illustrated by:由…来说明；适用于被动表达说明关系的场景；例句：This point can be illustrated by the following fact..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：The teacher_ (illustrate)the problem with a simple example yesterday. 案：illustrated)考法2：考察其动名词形式作宾语：原题：He spent a lot of time (illustrate)his ideas in the report. 案：illustrating) (来源：教材) emotion [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):情感；情绪；激情 Love,hatred and grief are emotions.(来源：《新英汉词典》) ■(n.)(n.):激动：感动 He spoke in a voice touched with emotion.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：emotional;表示有情感的、易激动的；例句：She is a very emotional person.(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词： emotionally;表示在情感上；例句：He was not yet emotionally ready to face the truth.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：feeling:名词，感觉、情感；例句：I have a strange feeling in my stomach.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义 词：passion:名词，激情；例句：He has a passion for painting.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：control one's emotions:控制某人的情绪；适用于描述人管理自身情绪的场景，语法上one's后接人物； 例句：You should learn to control your emotions..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：show one's emotions:表达某 人的情感；适用于表达情感的场景，语法上one's后接人物；例句：Don't be afraid to show your emotions.(来 源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：miⅸed emotions:复杂的情感；适用于描述人有多种不同情感的场景；例句：She had miⅸed emotions about leaving home.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：emotion of:…的情感；适用于描述 情感所属的场景，语法上of后接情感所属的对象；例句：The emotion of love is powerful.(来源：《英语常用搭配词典》) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的单复数形式；原题：All her一(emotion),came pouring out..(答案：emotions)考法2：考察与形容词 emotional的转换；原题：He is an_(emotion)man.(答案：emotional) (来源：教材) permission 词义与词性 ■(n)允许；许可；批准 You can't enter without permission..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：permit;:例句：They don't permit people to smoke in here.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；形容词：permissible;例 句：Such behavior is not permissible in school.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：consent(n.):同意；赞成；例句：She gave her consent to the proposal..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；-近义 词：approval(n.):批准；赞成；例句：The plan needs the approval of the committee..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：ask for permission:请求许可；适用于需要得到他人同意的场景，语法上ask for后接permission;例句：You should ask for permission before leaving the room.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：give permission:给予许可；适 用于同意他人请求的场景，语法上give后直接接permission;例句：The teacher gave permission to use the library. (来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：without permission:未经许可；适用于描述未得到同意就做某事的场景，语法上可置 于句首或句中；例句：He took the book without permission.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词形式：原题：You need to get your parents' (pemt)to go on the trip.(答案：permission):考法2：考 察固定搭配ask for permission;原题：You must if you want to leave early.(答案：ask for permission) (来源：教材) affect [词义与词性 ■(.)(V.):影响；对…起作用 The amount of rain affects the growth of crops.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):使感动；使动摇 The news really affected me..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(.)(v.):(疾病)侵袭；感染 The disease affects mainly older people.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：effect;动词过去式和过去分词：affected;现在分词：affecting;形容词：affected(假装的，做作的)；例句： She showed an affected interest in our topic.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：influence:动词，影响；例句：Parents should influence their children in a good way.(来源：牛津高阶词典)： 近义词：impress:动词，给…留下深刻印象；例句：His speech impressed the audience.（来源：柯林斯词典)；近 义词：touch:动词，触动；例句：The story touched my heart.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be affected by:受…影响：适用于描述事物受到外部因素影响的场景，语法上by后接影响的因素；例句： The price is affected by market demand..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：affect to do sth.:假装做某事；适用于描 述某人假装做某事的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：He affected to be interested in the book.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其一般现在时第三人称单数形式；原题：The environment」 (affect)our health..(答案：affects) 考法2：考察动词词义：原题：Lack of sleep can_ _your performance at work.(答案：affect) (来源：教材) ensure [词义与词性 ■()(V.):确保：保证；担保；使一定得到；使必然发生 We must ensure the safety of the passengers.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):保护；使安全 You should ensure your house against fire.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：ensurance;意为保证，担保；例句：I can give you my ensurance that it will be done on time.(来源：韦氏词 典)形容词：ensurable;意为可保证的，可担保的；例句：The success of this plan is ensurable.(来源：韦氏词典) 动词现在分词：ensuring;例句：Ensuring the quality of products is our top priority.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式 和过去分词：ensured;例句：He ensured that all the details were correct..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：guarantee:动词，保证，担保；例句：The shop guarantees to repair your watch in two days.(来源：牛津 高阶词典)-近义词：assure:动词，使确信，向…保证；例句：I can assure you that he is honest.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)-近义词：secure:动词，保证，确保；例句：We must secure our rights.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：ensure sth.for sb.:为某人确保某事；适用于描述为他人争取或保障事物的场景，语法上for后接受益 的人；例句：The new policy ensures a better life for the poor..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：ensure that.:确保 ·;适用于表达确保某种情况或结果发生的场景，that后接从句；例句：Please ensure that all the windows are closed before you leave.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：ensure against:保护…免受；适用于描述预防不利情 况发生的场景，against.后接不利因素；例句：Ne should ensure our house against natural disasters.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其用法，后接宾语从句；原题：The teacher made a promise to the students that she would._they would be provided with another chance.(答案：ensure)考法2：考察固定搭配ensure sth.for sb.;原题：The government should take measures to a stable income the farmers.(答案：ensure:for) (来源：教材) subway 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):地铁；地下铁道 I usually go to work by subway.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):地下通道；地道 Use the subway to cross the road.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：subwayed;:例句：The subwayed area is well-connected.(来源：虚构示例，因该词形容词用法极少见，无 权威公开例句) 同近义词 ■-同义词：underground:名词，地铁；例句：I took the underground to the city center.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-同义 词：metro:名词，地铁；例句：The metro is a convenient way to travel in Paris.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：by subway:乘坐地铁；适用于描述出行方式的场景，语法上直接跟在动词后；例句：She goes to school by subway every day..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：subway station:地铁站；适用于地点描述场景，语法上可作主 语、宾语等；例句：Ne met at the subway station.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的单复数形式；原题：There are many, (subway)in big cities.(答案：subways） (来源：教材) confirm 词义与词性 ■()(v.):证实；证明；确认 The strange noise outside confimmed my suspicion that someone was there.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):批准；确认；认可 The king confirmed the treaty..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(V.):使感觉更强烈：使确信 The new evidence confirmed my belief..(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：confirmed;意为习惯的，积习的，根深蒂固的：例句：He is a confirmed bachelor..(来源：柯林斯词典)名 词：confirmation;意为证实，证明，确认；例句：Ne are waiting for confirmation of the news.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：verify(v.):核实，查证；例句：Please verify the data before submitting.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词： substantiate(v.):证实，证明；例句：The theory needs to be substantiated by facts.(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：confirm sth.with sb.:和某人确认某事；适用于需要和他人核对信息的场景，语法上with后接确认的对象； 例句：I need to confirm the time with my boss..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：confirm one's belief/opinion:坚定某 人的信念观点；适用于描述观点或信念得到强化的场景；例句：The speech confirmed my opinion on this issue.(来 源：朗文当代高级英语词典)短语3：be confirmed in:在…方面得到证实；适用于描述某种情况被证明属实的场景： 例句：His worst fears were confirmed in the end.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：The results」 (confirm)our ea rlier suspicions..(答案：confirmed) 考法2：考察其动名词形式作主语；原题：一(confirm)the appointment in advance is a good habit..(答案：Confiming) (来源：教材) average 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):平均的；典型的；正常的 The average age of the students is17.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):平均数；平均水平 Take the average of those numbers.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):算出…的平均数；平均为 Our reps make an average of four calls a day.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：averaged(一般用于构成复合词)例句：The averaged score is quite high.(来源：自编合理例句)；副词： averagely例句：He performs averagely in the class.(来源：自编合理例句)；名词：averageness例句：There is a certain averageness in his work.(来源：自编合理例句)；动词过去式I过去分词：averaged(规则变化，直接加-d)