必修二Unit 3词汇精讲-高中英语2025沪教版

必修2Unit3词汇精讲 Unit 3 billion [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):十亿 This company made a profit of two billion last year..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(num.)(num.):十亿 About a billion people in the world are suffering from starvation..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：billionaire;指拥有十亿美元的富翁；例句：He became a billionaire through his successful business.(来源： 柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：milliard:名词，十亿；例句：The project cost several mill训liards.(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：billions of:数以十亿计的；适用于描述数量极多的场景，语法上后接可数名词复数；例句：Billions of stars twinkle in the sky.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：a billion:十亿；适用于描述确切数量的场景，语法上可直 接修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词；例句：The company invested a billion dollars in the newproject..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察其单复数形式；原题：The country has a population of over two_ (bion.(答案：billion)考法2：作数词， 修饰名词；原题：There are about three_bili训on)stars in this galaxy..(答案：billion) (来源：教材) climate 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):气候 The island has a tropical climate..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):氛围；风气 There is a climate of fear and suspicion.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：climatic;与气候有关的；例句：Climatic changes have affected the region.(来源：韦氏大词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：weather:名词，天气；例句：The weather here is changeable.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：atmosphere: 名词，氛围；例句：The atmosphere in the room was tense.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：tropical climate:热带气候；适用于描述地理气候特征的场景，语法上tropical为形容词修饰climate;例句： Many plants thrive in a tropical climate..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：political climate:政治氛围；适用于描述政 治环境的场景，语法上political为形容词修饰climate;例句：The political climate is favorable for reform.(来源：柯 林斯词典)短语3：business climate:商业环境；适用于描述商业领域环境的场景，语法上business为名词修饰 climate;例句：The city has a good business climate.(来源：韦氏大词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词用法；原题：The (climate),in this area is very dry.(答案：climate)考法2：考察固定搭配；原题： The country is facing a difficult economic (climate).(答案：climate) (来源：教材) predict 词义与词性 ■()(.)：预言；预测；预告；预报 It's impossible to predict the future..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：prediction;例句：Weather predictions are not always accurate.(来源：柯林斯词典)：形容词：predictable;例 句：The ending of the movie was predictable.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；动词过去式和过去分词：predicted(规则变 化，直接加-ed);例句：He predicted that it would rain.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；动词现在分词：predicting(直接加 -ing);例句：Scientists are predicting a rise in sea levels.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：forecast:动词，预报；预测；例句：The weatherman forecasts rain tomorrow.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义 词：foretell:动词，预言；预告；例句：No one can foretell what will happen in the future.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近 义词：prophesy:动词，预言；例句：The prophet prophesied a great disaster..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：predict sth.for sth.:为某事预测某物；适用于描述预测的场景，语法上for后接预测针对的事物；例句：Experts predict a good harvest for this year..(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：predict that.:预测；适用于表达预测的内容，语 法上that后接从句；例句：The economist predicted that the economy would recover soon.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3： predict from:从…预测；适用于说明预测的依据，语法上from后接依据的内容；例句：Ne can predict the result from the current situation.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：predict sth.accurately:准确地预测某物；适用于强调预测的准确 性，语法上accurately为副词修饰动词predict;例句：t's hard to predict the stock market accurately.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：Scientists」 (predict)that the earthquake would cause great damage. predicted):考法2：考察动名词形式作主语：原题： (predict)the future is always difficult.Predicting) (来源：教材) rate [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):比率；速率 The birth rate is declining.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):价格；费用 What's the rate for a double room?(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):评估；评价 They rated him highly as a colleague..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：ratable;可评估的；例句：The assets are ratable for tax purposes.(来源：韦氏词典)名词：rating;等级； 评定结果；例句：The film got a high rating.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式和过去分词：rated:规则变化，直接 加-d;例句：They rated the movie excellent.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：rating;直接加-ing;例句：Heis rating the performance.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：speed(n.):速度；和rate作“速率”义时同义；例句：The speed of light is very fast.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)-近义词：evaluate(v.):评估；和rate作“评价”义时近义；例句：You should evaluate the situation carefully.. (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：at a rate of::以…的速率；适用于描述速度、频率等场景，语法上of后接具体速率数值；例句：The car was moving at a rate of60 miles per hour.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：rate.as:把…评定为；适用于评价人或事 物的场景，语法上as后接评价结果；例句：They rated the hotel as five-star.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：exchange rate: 汇率；适用于金融、贸易等涉及货币兑换的场景：例句：The exchange rate fluctuates every day.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语4：interest rate:利率；适用于金融领域关于借贷的场景；例句：The interest rate has gone up.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察固定搭配at a rate of.原题：The population is increasing」 2%per year.(答案：at a rate of)考法2：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式；原题：The critics. (rate)his latest work highly.(答案：ated) (来源：教材) alarm 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):警报；警报器 The alarm went o开when the thief entered the house.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):惊恐；忧虑 She felt a surge of alarm when she heard the news.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):使惊恐；使忧虑 The loud noise alarmed the baby.(来源：剑桥词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：alarming;令人惊恐的，使人担忧的；例句：The alarming rate of deforestation is a global concern.(来源： 柯林斯词典)副词：alarmingly;令人惊恐地，使人担忧地；例句：The problem is growing alarmingly.(来源：牛津 高阶词典)过去式和过去分词：alarmed;规则变化，直接加-ed;例句：I was alarmed by the sudden change in his behavior..(来源：剑桥词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：frighten:动词，使惊吓；例句：The barking dog frightened the children..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： scare:动词，使害怕；例句：The thunderstorm scared the little girl..(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：startle:动词，使 惊吓；例句：The sudden noise startled me.(来源：剑桥词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：set off the alarm:触发警报；适用于描述触发警报装置的场景，语法上of后接警报相关事物；例句： The fire set off the alarm.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：raise the alarm:发出警报；适用于需要提醒危险的场 景，语法上直接使用；例句：The guard raised the alarm as soon as he saw the intruder..(来源：柯林斯词典)短 语3：be alarmed at:对…感到惊恐；适用于表达人对某事的反应场景，语法上at后接让人惊恐的事物；例 句：People were alarmed at the news of the accident.(来源：剑桥词典)短语4：alarm bell:警钟；适用于比喻危 险信号的场景，语法上可作主语等；例句：The alarm bells should ring when we see such a trend.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察固定搭配set off the alarm;原题：The thief (set off)the alarm when he tried to break into the house.(答案：set off)考法2：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式；原题：The strange noise_ (alarm)the residents last night.(答案：alared) (来源：教材) agriculture [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):农业；农学；农艺 The country's economy is based on agriculture.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-形容词：agricultural(农业的；农艺的)；例句：The government has introduced new agricultural policies..(来源：柯 林斯词典)-副词：agriculturally(在农业上)；例句：This region is agriculturally rich.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：farming(n.):农业：例句：Farming is the main industry in this area.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： husbandry(n.):农牧业；例句：Good husbandry implies careful management of livestock.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：intensive agriculture:集约农业；适用于描述农业生产模式的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：Intensive agriculture has increased food production.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：sustainable agriculture:可持续农业；适 用于讨论农业发展方向的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：Sustainable agriculture is crucial for the future.(来源：剑 桥词典)短语3：dry-land agriculture:旱地农业；适用于特定地理环境下农业类型的描述场景，语法上为名词短 语；例句：Dry-land agriculture is practiced in many arid regions.(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词性转换；原题： (agriculture)products are in great demand.(答案：Agricultural) (来源：教材) hunt 词义与词性 ■()(V.):打猎；猎杀 Many people hunt deer in this area.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):搜寻；寻找 She hunted through her purse for her keys.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):打猎；搜寻 The police are on the hunt for the suspect.(来源：朗文当代词典) 词性转换 ■名词：hunter;猎人；例句：The hunter caught a rabbit.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：hunting;例句：Heis hunting for a job.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式和过去分词：hunted;例句：They hunted wild animals last year.. (来源：朗文当代词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：search:动词，搜索；寻找；例句：They searched the whole area for the lost child.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近 义词：seek:动词，寻找；寻求；例句：She is seeking advice from her teacher..(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：track: 动词，追踪；跟踪；例句：The police tracked the criminal to his hide-out.(来源：朗文当代词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：hunt for:寻找；搜寻；适用于描述寻找人或物的场景，语法上for后接寻找的对象；例句：She is hunting for her missing dog.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：hunt down:追捕到；找到；适用于描述追捕罪犯或找到难以发现的 事物的场景，语法上dowm后接追捕或找到的对象；例句：The police finally hunted down the escaped prisoner..(来 源：柯林斯词典)短语3：go hunting:去打猎；适用于描述进行打猎活动的场景，语法上hunting为动名词；例句： They often go hunting in winter..(来源：朗文当代词典)短语4：hunt out:找出；挑出；适用于从众多事物中找出特 定事物的场景，语法上out后接找出的事物：例句：She hunted out an old photo from the album.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式；原题：Hes (hunt)for information on the Internet..(答案：hunting)考法2：考 察固定搭配hunt for:原题：'m_ my lost book.(答案：hunting for) (来源：教材) chain [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):链子；链条 She wore a gold chain around her neck.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):一系列；一连串 A chain of events led to the accident.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(.)(V.):用链条拴住 They chained the dog to the fence.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：chainer;动词过去式和过去分词：chained;动词现在分词：chaining;例句：The dog was chained to the post (来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：series(n.):一系列；一连串；例句：A series of books has been published.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义 词：Iink(n.):环节；联系；例句：There is a link between the two events.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：chain sb/sth to sth:把某人/某物用链条拴在某物上；适用于描述限制物体或人的行动的场景，语法上to后 接被拴的对象；例句：He chained his bike to the tree.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：a chain of::一系列；一连串； 适用于描述多个相关事物或事件的场景，语法上后接名词复数；例句：A chain of problems occurred..(来源：柯林斯 词典)短语3：in chains::被囚禁；被束缚；适用于描述人或事物失去自由的场景；例句：The prisoner was in chains. (来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：chain reaction:连锁反应；适用于描述一系列相互关联的反应或事件的场景；例句： The chemical caused a chain reaction.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式；原题：The dog.一(chain),to the gate last night.(答案chained)考法2： 考察固定搭配a chain of;原题：Ne faced difficulties.(答案：a chain of) (来源：教材) unfamiliar 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj.):不熟悉的；陌生的 The city streets were unfamiliar to hen.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):无经验的；不熟练的 He is unt后miliar with the process.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：unfamiliarity;表示不熟悉的状态；例句：His unfamiliarity with the local customs led to some misunderstandings (来源：韦氏词典)-反义词：familiar;形容词，熟悉的；例句：This song sounds very familiar to me.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：strange:形容词，陌生的；例句：There was a strange man in the neighborhood.(来源：牛津高阶词典)- 近义词：alien:形容词，陌生的；例句：The culture here is so alien to me.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be unfamiliar with:对…不熟悉；适用于描述某人对事物不了解的场景，语法上with后接不熟悉的对象： 例句：m unfamiliar with this sofware.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：seem unfamiliar to:对…来说似乎陌生；适 用于描述事物给人的感觉，语法上to后接感受的主体；例句：The new building seems unfamiliar to the old residents. (来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义，作表语；原题：The environment was so」 (unfamiliar)to him that he felt nervous.(答案： unfamiliar)考法2：考察固定搭配be unfamiliar with:原题：Shes the rules of the game.(答案：unfamiliar with) (来源：教材) significant [词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):重要的；有意义的 This is a significant event in history..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):显著的；有重大影响的 There has been a significant increase in sales this year..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj.)(adj):意味深长的 He gave her a significant look.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■名词：significance;例句：The significance of this discovery cannot be overstated.(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词： significantly;例句：The price has dropped significantly.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：important::形容词，重要的；例句：This is an important decision.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：notable: 形容词，显著的；例句：He has made notable achievements.（来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：meaningful:形容词，有 意义的；例句：Ne had a meaningful conversation.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：significant difference:显著差异；适用于描述两者之间有明显不同的场景，语法上常作主语、宾语；例句： There is a significant difference between the two products.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：significant event:重大事件， 适用于描述具有重要意义的事情的场景，语法上常作主语、宾语；例句：The invention of the Internet is a significant event.（来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：significantly different:显著不同；适用于比较两者差异明显的场景，语法上可 作表语；例句：Their opinions are significantly different.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义；原题：The new policy has a_(significant)impact on the economy..(答案：significant)考法 2:考察由该形容词变名词的形式：原题：The_(significant))of his words didn't sink in at first..(答案：significance) (来源：教材) figure 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):数字；数目；数值 Our records show that the bank balance at the end of last year was43,000 dollars.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):人物：人士 The movement is supported by key figures in the three main political parties.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):身材；体形 She's always had a good figure.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):认为；以为；觉得 I figured you wouldn￥want to come back with me.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：figure;形容词：figurative;动词：figure;例句：The word“head”has several figurative senses.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：number:名词，数字；例句：Think of a number from one to ten..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：personage: 名词，要人；例句：The town was visited by a great personage.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：shape:名词，外形； 例句：This island is triangular in shape..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：figure out:理解；弄明白；解决；适用于描述解决问题或理解事物的场景，语法上out后接要解决或理解的 对象；例句：Ican't figure out how to do this math problem.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：figure on:指望；预期： 打算；适用于表达计划或预期的场景，语法上on后接预期的事物；例句：Ne figured on leaving early the next day. (来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：a figure of speech:修辞手法；适用于文学或语言学习场景，语法上作名词短语使用； 例句：“All the world's a stage”is a figure of speech.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：cut a figure:崭露头角；显得 出色；适用于描述某人在某个场合的表现，语法上作谓语；例句：He cut a fine figure in his newsuit.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式：原题：The】 ((figure)in this report are very important..(答案figures)考法2：作动 词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式：原题：She (figure)out the problem quickly.(答案figured) (来源：教材) extinction 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):灭绝：消亡 The extinction of many species is a great loss to the world.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：extinct;意为已灭绝的；例句：Dinosaurs have been extinct for mill训lions of years.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词： extinguish;意为熄灭；消灭；例句：Please extinguish your cigarettes..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：die-out(短语)：灭绝；词性：动词短语；例句：Many old customs are dying out..(来源：牛津高阶词典)- 近义词：eradication;词性：名词；意为根除；消灭；例句：The eradication ofpoverty is a global goal.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：on the brink of extinction:处于灭绝的边缘；适用于描述物种濒危的场景，语法上on the brink of后接名词； 例句：The tiger is on the brink of extinction.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：lead to extinction:导致灭绝；适用于描 述某种行为或情况对物种造成的后果，语法上lead to后接名词；例句：Pollution can lead to the extinction of many species..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词形式；原题：The_(extinct)of pandas would be a disaster.(答案：extinction)考法2：考察与extinction 相关的短语搭配；原题：We should take measures to prevent the_ _(extinct)of wild animals.(答案：extinction) (来源：教材) youth 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):青年时期 In his youth,he was a keen athlete.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):青春 She had lost her youth and beauty.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):年轻人（集合名词） The youth of today are very different from previous generations.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):男青年；小伙子 A youth was arrested for theft..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：youthful;例句：She has a youthful appearance..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：adolescence:名词，青春期；例句：Adolescence is a difficult period of life.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词： juvenility:名词，年少；幼稚；例句：His juvenility was shown in his actions.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in one's youth:在某人年轻时；适用于描述过去经历的场景，语法上one's根据具体人称变化；例句：Inmy youth,I used to play football every day..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：youth culture:青年文化；适用于文化相关 讨论场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：Youth culture has a big influence on the fashion industry.(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：youth hostel:青年旅社；适用于旅游住宿场景，语法上作名词；例句：Ne stayed in a youth hostel during our trip.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化；原题：Many一(youth)took part in the volunteer activity.(答案：youths)考法2：考察固 定搭配none's youth:原题： his youth,he traveled around the world.(答案：In) (来源：教材) threaten 词义与词性 ■(.)(V.):威胁；恐吓 He threatened to kil训her.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):预示（某事）；是…的征兆 The clouds threaten rain.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):危及；对…构成威胁 Pollution threatens the survival of many species.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：threat;例句：The threat of war has greatly increased.(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：threatening;例句：He gave her a threatening look.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：threatening;:例句：The dark clouds are threatening