七年级下册Unit 2-2025初中英语词汇精讲（新人教版）

7年级下Unit2词汇精讲 Unit 2 rule 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):规则；规章；条例 You must obey the rules of the game.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):统治；管辖 The king ruled the country for many years..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):判定；裁定 The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：ruler;:指统治者、直尺；例句：The ruler of the country has great power..(来源：柯林斯词典)形容词：ruling; 意为统治的、主导的；例句：The ruling party won the election.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：ruling;例句： He is ruling the meeting.(来源：朗文当代词典)动词过去式和过去分词：ruled;例句：The emperor ruled the empire for decades.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：regulation:名词，规则、规章；例句：You should follow the traffic regulations.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义 词：govern:动词，统治、管理；例句：A king governs in that country..(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：direct::动词， 管理、指挥；例句：Nho directs this project?(来源：朗文当代词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：follow the rules:遵守规则；适用于描述遵守各种规定的场景，语法上为固定表达；例句：Ne should follow the rules of the library..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：make a rule:制定规则；适用于制定规则的场景，语法上后 可接从句；例句：Let's make a rule that we go to bed before11p.m.(来源：朗文当代词典)短语3：rule out:排除； 不考虑；适用于排除可能性的场景，语法上后接排除的对象；例句：Ne can't rule out the possibility of rain.(来源： 牛津高阶词典)短语4：rule over:统治；管辖；适用于描述统治某个地区或群体的场景，语法上后接统治的对象； 例句：The emperor ruled over a vast empire.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其复数形式：原题：There are many_(ule)in our school..(答案：rules)考法2：作动词，考察 其过去式形式：原题：The queen (rule)the kingdom from1837to1901.(答案：ruled) (来源：教材) arrive [词义与词性 ■()(.)：到达；抵达 We will arrive in Bejing tomomow..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):(时间、事件等)到来；来临 The moment we had been waiting for finally arived..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：arrival;:例句：Ve are waiting for the arrival of the train.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：arriving:例 句：He is arriving soon..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：arrived;例句：They arrived at the hotel last night..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：reach:动词，到达；例句：We reached the top of the mountain.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：get to:动 词短语，到达；例句：I usually get to school at7:30.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：arrive at:到达（小地点）；适用于描述到达较小的地点的场景，语法上at后接小地点；例句：Ne arrived at the bus stop just in time.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：arrive in:到达（大地点）；适用于描述到达较大的地 点的场景，语法上in后接大地点；例句：They will arrive in Paris next week.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：arrive on:到达（具体某一天）；适用于描述到达的时间是具体某一天的场景，语法上on后接具体日期：例句：Hew训 arrive on Monday.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：arrive at a conclusion:得出结论；适用于描述经过思考或讨论得出 结果的场景，语法上at后接结论内容；例句：After a long discussion,we arrived at a conclusion.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：They (arrive)in Shanghai yesterday..(答案：amrived)考法2：考察固定 搭配arrive at/,in:原题：e will_ the small village at noon..(答案：arrive at) (来源：教材) order 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):命令；指示 The soldiers must obey orders.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):顺序；次序 In what order are the items arranged?(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) ■(n)(n.):订单；订货 We've received an order for twenty copies..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):命令；吩附 The doctor ordered him to stay in bed.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):订购；订货 /ordered a new book online.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 词性转换 ■名词：order;形容词：orderly:例句：The books are arranged in an orderly way..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式 和过去分词：ordered;例句：She ordered a pizza yesterday.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：ordering;例 句：He is ordering food now.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：command:动词，命令；例句：The general commanded his troops to attack.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义 词：request:动词，请求；例句：I requested help from my friend.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：arrange:动词，安 排；例句：She arranged the flowers in a vase.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：order sb.to do sth.:命令某人做某事；适用于上级对下级发布命令的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句： The teacher ordered the students to be quiet..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in order:按顺序；适用于描述事物排 列顺序的场景，语法上单独使用；例句：Please put the books in order..（来源：朗文当代高级英语词典)短语3：in order to do sth.:为了做某事；适用于表达目的的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：He works hard in order to make more money.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：place an order for sth..:订购某物；适用于购物场景，语法上for后 接订购的物品；例句：I placed an order for a new dress.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He orde)a cake for his birthday last week.(答案ordered)考法2：考 察固定搭配in orderto;原题：They got up early (oder)catch the first bus.(答案：in order to) (来源：教材) follow [词义与词性 ■()(v.):跟随；跟着；追随 Follow me,,please..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):遵循；听从 You should follow the rules.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):理解；明白 I don't follow you.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：follower;指追随者；拥护者；例句：He has many followers on social media.(来源：柯林斯词典)形容词： follow-up;指后续的；跟进的；例句：Ne need to do some follow-up work.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分 词：following;例句：Following the guide,we found the hidden cave.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词： followed;例句：She followed her dreams all her life.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：accompany::动词，陪伴；陪同；例句：'ll accompany you to the hospital.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： pursue:动词，追赶；追求；例句：He decided to pursue a career in music.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：obey:动 词，遵守；服从；例句：You must obey the traffic rules..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：follow one's advice.:听从某人的建议；适用于接受他人意见的场景，语法上one's为形容词性物主代词；例 句：You'd better follow your doctor's advice.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：follow the rules:遵守规则；适用于各种 需要遵循规则的场景，语法上rules为名词；例句：Ne must follow the rules at school..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3： follow sb.to some place:跟随某人去某地；适用于描述跟随行为的场景，语法上to后接地点；例句：He followed his mother to the supermarket..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：as follows:如下；适用于列举内容的场景，一般用 于句首；例句：The results are as follows.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：He (ollow)his parents to the park yesterday..(答案：followed)考法2： 考察固定搭配follow one's advice:原题：You should _your teacher's advice..(答案：follow) (来源：教材) uniform 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):制服；校服 The police officer was in uniform.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):一致的；统一的：一律的 They were of uniform height..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：uniform;形容词：uniformed:.穿制服的：例句：Uniformed police officers stood guard.(来源：牛津高阶词典)； 副词：uniformly:一律地；一致地；例句：The students were uniformly dressed.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：livery:名词，制服；指仆人、司机等穿的制服；例句：The chauffeur was in his livery.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)-近义词：costume:名词，服装；指某一特定时期、群体或角色穿的服装；例句：The actors were in historical costumes.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语：in uniform:穿着制服；适用于描述某人穿着特定制服的场景，语法上in后接uniform;例句：He looks handsome in uniform.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：a police uniform:警服；适用于描述警察穿着的服装场景，语 法上a后接单数名词；例句：He put on a police uniform.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：schooluniform:校服；适用于 学校场景，语法上school后接uniform:例句：Students should wear school uniform on weekdays.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：The police officers wore different (uniform).(答案：uniforms) (来源：教材) hallway 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):走廊；过道；门厅 Ne left our shoes in the hallway..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■复数形式：hallways;例句：There are several hallways in this building.(来源：自编符合语法例句) 同近义词 ■-近义词：corridor::名词，走廊；例句：The classrooms are along the corridor..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： passageway:名词，通道；例句：The passageway leads to the basement..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in the hallway:在走廊里；适用于描述位置的场景，语法上in后接地点；例句：I met my friend in the hallway. (来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：along the hallway:沿着走廊；适用于描述移动方向的场景，语法上along后接走 廊；例句：He walked along the hallway.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：There are two hallway)in the school..(答案：hallways) (来源：教材) litter 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):垃圾；废弃物 There was litter everywhere.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):一窝幼崽 The cat produced a litter of five kittens.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(.)(V.):乱扔；使杂乱 Don't litter the ground with paper.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：litter;形容词：littered;例句：The streets were littered with rubbish.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去 分词：littered;现在分词：littering;例句：He was fined for littering.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：garbage:名词，垃圾；例句：The truck dumped the garbage.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：trash:名词， 垃圾；例句：Take out the trash.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：junk:名词，废I旧杂物；例句：He collects all kinds of junk.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：litter sth.with sth.：使某地方布满某物；适用于描述地方被杂物布满的场景，语法上with后接布满的物品： 例句：The floor was littered with books..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：litter about/around::乱扔；适用于描述随意 丢弃垃圾的场景；例句：Don't litter about..(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：in a litter:一片杂乱；适用于描述环境杂乱 的场景；例句：His room is in a litter..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察现在分词形式：原题：People shouldn't (tter)in public places.(答案：tter)考法2：考察名词 词义：原题：The park is full of(litter).(答案：ter) (来源：教材) polite 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):有礼貌的；客气的；文雅的 He's always so polite to people.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■副词：politely:例句：He greeted us politely.(来源：柯林斯词典)名词：politeness;例句：Ne were struck by her politeness.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：courteous:形容词，有礼貌的；例句：The salesman was courteous to the customers.(来源：柯林斯词典) 近义词：civil:形容词，有礼貌的；例句：You should be civil to everyone.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be polite to sb:对某人文雅有礼貌；适用于描述人与人交往的场景，语法上to后接人；例句：You should be polite to your teachers.（来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：polite society:上流社会；适用于描述社交群体的场景； 例句：He moved in polite society.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作表语：原题：s (pote)of him to help the old lady cross the road.（(答案：polite)考法2：考察 其反义词形式；原题：s一(pole)to talk loudly in the library.(答案：impolite) (来源：教材) treat [词义与词性 ■()(.)：对待；看待；把…看作 We should treat others with kindness.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(V.):治疗；医治 The doctor treated my illness.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):请客；款待 I'treat you to dinner.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):款待；招待；乐事 A day at the beach is a realtreat.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：treatment;:意为治疗；处理；对待；例句：He needs medical treatment.(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容词：treatable; 意为可治疗的；能处理的；例句：This disease is treatable.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式/过去分词：treated (规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：The patient was treated last week.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：treating (直接加-ing):例句：He is treating a patient now.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：handle:动词，处理；例句：He can handle this problem.（来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：entertain:动 词，款待；例句：They entertained guests last night..(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：regard:动词，看待；例句：We regard him as our friend..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：treat sb.to sth.:请某人吃某物；适用于请客吃饭等场景，语法上to后接请客的具体事物；例句：She treated us to ice-cream.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：treat sb.as.:把某人当作…；适用于描述对人的看法的场 景，语法上as后接表示身份等的名词；例句：Ne should treat everyone as equals.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语3： treat sth.ith:用…处理某物；适用于处理事物的场景，语法上with后接处理用的物品或方式；例句：Treat the wood with paint to protect it..（来源：柯林斯词典)；短语4：be treated to:被招待；适用于被动描述接受款待的场景： 例句：e were treated to a wonderful show.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：The doctor (treat))the boy yesterday..(答案：treated)考法2：考察固定 搭配treat sb.to sth.:原题：My father me a big meal last Sunday..(答案：treated:to) (来源：教材) respect [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):尊敬：尊重；敬重 Ve have great respect for our grandparents..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):尊敬；尊重；敬重 You should respect your elders.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):遵守；不损害：不违背 Ve must respect the law.(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■形容词：respectful;表示有礼貌的，尊重他人的例句：The students are always respectful to their teachers.(来源：牛 津高阶词典)形容词：respective;表示分别的，各自的例句：All men have their respective duties.(来源：柯林斯词 典)副词：respectfully;表示尊敬地，恭敬地例句：He bowed respectfully..(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：respectability; 表示体面，得体例句：The family is striving for respectability.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：esteem:名词/恸词，尊重，敬重例句：He is held in high esteem by his colleagues.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 近义词：admire:动词，钦佩，赞赏例句：I admire her for her bravery.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：honor:名 词/动词，尊敬，敬意例句：Ne should honor our parents.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：show respect for::对…表示尊重；适用于表达对人或事物尊重的场景，语法上for后接被尊重的对象；例句： Ne should show respect for different cultures.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：have respect for:尊敬；敬重；适用于描述 个人对他人的情感态度场景，语法上for后接被尊敬的人；例句：I have great respect for my teachers.(来源：柯林斯词 典)短语3：in respect of:关于；就…而言；适用于说明某个方面的场景，语法上后接相关方面的内容；例句：In respect of this problem,we need to discuss it further.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：with respect to::关于；至于；适用于引入 话题相关内容的场景，语法上后接话题内容；例句：With respect to your request,we will consider it..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其一般现在时第三人称单数形式：原题：He always】 (respect)his parents'opinions..(答案 respects)考法2：考察名词用法：原题：Ve should show (respect)to the old.(答案respect) (来源：教材) jacket 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):短上衣；夹克衫 He wore a leather jacket and dark trousers.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词复数：jackets;规则为一般情况直接加-s;例句：There are several jackets in the wardrobe..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：coat:名词，外套；例句：She put on her coat and went out.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：topcoat: 名词，轻便大衣；例句：He buttoned up his topcoat..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：leather jacket::皮夹克；适用于描述服装款式的场景，语法上leather作定语修饰jacket:例句：He looks cool in his leather jacket.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：down jacket:羽绒服；适用于描述冬季保暖衣物的场景，语法 上dowm作定语修饰jacket;:例句：I need a warm down jacket for winter..(来源：柯林斯词典)：短语3：denim jacket: 牛仔夹克；适用于描述服装材质和款式的场景，语法上denim作定语修饰jacket;例句：She paired her denim jacket with a skirt.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：fur jacket:皮草外套；适用于描述高档保暖衣物的场景，语法上ur作 定语修饰jacket;:例句：The fur jacket is very expensive.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词复数形式；原题：There are two (acket)on the bed.(答案：jackets). (来源：教材) if [词义与词性 ■(conj.)(conj.):如果：假如：倘若；要是；用于引导条件状语从句。 If it rains tomorrow,we wil训stay at home.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(conj)(conj.):是否；用于引导宾语从句。 /don't know if he will come.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 词性转换 。无 同近义词 ■-同义词：whether(conj.):是否；用于引导宾语从句。例句：m not sure whether I can come.(来源：剑桥词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：if only:要是…就好了；用于表达愿望或遗憾，后接虚拟语气；例句：If only I had more time!(来源：牛津 高阶词典)短语2：even if::即使；尽管；用于引导让步状语从句；例句：Even if it's difficult,we should try our best. (来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察币引导条件状语从句时，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时：原题：ft (rain)tomorrow,I (otgo)to the park.(答案：rains;won't go)考法2：考察f引导宾语从句时，从句时态根据实际情况而定；原题：He asked me if l be)free the next day.(答案：would be) (来源：教材) everything [词义与词性 ■(pron.)(pron.):一切；所有事物；一切事物 Everything in the house was turned upside-down.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(pron.)(pron.):最重要的东西；最要紧的事情 Money isn't everything.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■无 同近义词 ■-同义词：all:代词，一切；例句：All is well that ends well..(来源：英语谚语)-近义词：every single thing:短语， 每一样东西；例句：She remembered every single thing he had said.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：and everything:等等：诸如此类；适用于列举事物后补充其他相关事物的场景，语法上直接置于句 末；例句：Ne bought fruits,drinks,and everything for the picnic.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：everything but: 除…之外的一切：适用于描述排除某一事物的场景，语法上but后接排除的事物；例句：He can do every- thing but cook.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：put everything in order:把一切安排妥当；适用于描述整理、安排 事务的场景，语法上in order为固定搭配；例句：She put everything in order before leaving home.(来源：朗文当代词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：原题：Everything_ be)ready for the party.(答案is) (来源：教材) snack 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):小吃；点心；快餐 I"m not very fond of ltalian snacks.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):吃小吃（或点心、快餐） She's always snacking between meals.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：snack;动词：snack;现在分词：snacking;过去式和过去分词：snacked;例句：He was snacking on peanuts (来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词