八年级上册Unit 1-2025初中英语词汇精讲（新人教版）

8年级上册Unt1词汇精讲 Unit 1 camp 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):营地；兵营；度假营 The refugees set up a camp near the border.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):露营；宿营；野餐 We can camp under the stars.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：camp;动词：camp;形容词：campy:副词：campily;名词：campiness;:动词过去式/过去分词：camped (规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：They camped in the mountains last summer..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；动词现在分 词：camping(直接加-ing):例句：m planning on camping this weekend.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：bivouac:动词，露营；例句：The soldiers bivouacked in the forest.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：encamp: 动词，扎营；例句：The army encamped near the river..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：camp out:野营；临时住宿；适用于描述户外住宿的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：Ne camped out on the beach.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：set up a camp:搭建营地；适用于描述建立营地的场景，语法上set up 后接营地相关事物；例句：They set up a camp in the woods..(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：go camping::去露营； 适用于描述计划或进行露营活动的场景，语法上go后接动名词；例句：Ne often go camping in the summer.(来源： 牛津高阶词典)；短语4：camp fire:营火；篝火；适用于描述营地中燃烧的火堆场景，语法上为名词短语；例句： Ne sat around the camp fire and told stories..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：We are (camp)by the lake this weekend.(答案：camping)考法2：考 察固定搭配camp out:原题：They decided to. in the backyard.(答案：camp out) (来源：教材) landscape 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):风景；景色；乡村风景画；乡村风景图；地形：地貌 The landscape was hidden by thick fog..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):对…做景观美化，给…做园林美化；从事景观美化工作 They landscape the yard with flowers and shrubs..(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ■名词：landscaper;例句：A landscaper is working on the new park..(来源：剑桥词典)形容词：landscaped;例句： The landscaped garden is very beautiful.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：landscaping;例句：He is landscaping the backyard.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：scenery:名词，风景；例句：The scenery in the mountains is breathtaking.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： view:名词，景色；例句：The view from the top of the hill is wonderful.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：natural landscape:自然景观；适用于描述自然环境景色的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：The natural landscape here attracts many tourists..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：urban landscape::城市景观；适用于描述城 市环境景色的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：The urban landscape has changed a lot in recent years.(来源：柯林 斯词典)短语3：landscape design:景观设计；适用于描述景观规划设计的场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：Heis good at landscape design.(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式：原题：The」 (landscape)in this area are very diverse.(答案：landscapes)考法 2:作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：They are _(andscape))the school garden..(答案：landscaping) (来源：教材) strange 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj):奇怪的，奇异的；不寻常的 There was a strange noise coming from the next room.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):陌生的，不熟悉的 She felt a little strange in the new city.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(ad)(adj):外行的，不精通的 He is strange to this kind of work..(来源：朗文当代词典) 词性转换 ■副词：strangely:例句：Strangely,.he didn't come to the party.(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：strangeness;例句：The strangeness of the situation made everyone nervous.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：odd(ad.):奇怪的；例句：t's odd that he hasn't replied to my email.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： peculiar(ad.):奇怪的；例句：There's a peculiar smell in this room.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：unusual(adj.): 不寻常的；例句：t's unusual for him to be late.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：strange to sb.:对某人来说陌生；适用于描述人对事物不熟悉的场景，语法上to后接人；例句：This custom is strange to me.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：feel strange:感觉奇怪；适用于描述人的感受场景，无特殊语法 要求；例句：I feel strange about his behavior.(来源：朗文当代词典)短语3：strange as it may seem:尽管可能看 起来很奇怪；适用于引出令人意外的事情，作插入语；例句：Strange as it may seem,he passed the exam without studying.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作定语的用法：原题：There was a】 (strange)man standing at the door.strange) 考法2：考察固定搭配be strange to:原题：This place is. me.(答案：strange to) (来源：教材) vacation 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):假期；休假 I'm going on vacation next month.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：vacation;去某地度假；例句：They vacationed in Hawaii last year..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：holiday:名词，假期；例句：'m looking forward to my holiday..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：leave:名 词，休假；例句：He's on leave this week.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：on vacation:在度假；适用于描述某人处于度假状态的场景，语法上无特殊要求；例句：She is on vacation in Paris..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：take a vacation:度假；适用于表达某人去度假的场景，语法上take后接 a vacation;例句：e should take a vacation this year.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：summer vacation:暑假；适 用于描述学校放暑假的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：I had a great time during the summer vacation.(来源：牛津 高阶词典)；短语4：winter vacation:寒假；适用于描述学校放寒假的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：What did you do during the winter vacation？(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词复数形式：原题：Many people take vacation)in summer.(答案：vacations) (来源：教材) fantastic 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj.):极好的，极出色的 We had a fantastic time at the party..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj.):很大的，巨大的 The response to our appeal was fantastic.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj.)(adj):怪诞的，奇异的 He told a fantastic story about dragons..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■副词：fantastically:例句：The performance was fantastically good.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：marvelous:形容词，极好的；例句：The view from the top of the mountain is marvelous.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)近义词：won derful:形容词，精彩的；例句：Ne had a wonderful day at the beach..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a fantastic idea:一个绝妙的主意；适用于表达对想法的赞美场景，语法上a后接可数名词单数；例句： That's a fantastic idea!(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：fantastic weather:极好的天气；适用于描述天气的场景，语 法上fantastic后接名词；例句：We're having fantastic weather this week.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：look fantastic: 看起来棒极了；适用于描述人的外貌或状态的场景，语法上look是系动词；例句：You look fantastic in that dress. (来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词词义：原题：The party was really, (fantastic).(答案：fanta stic)考法2：考察副词形式：原题：He played the piano.__(fantastic.)(答案：fantastically) (来源：教材) town [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):镇；市镇；城镇 He lives in a small town.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):市区；市中心 I'm going into town this aftemoon.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：townish;有城镇特点的；例句：The townish atmosphere made her feel a bit uncomfortable.(来源：韦氏词 典) 同近义词 ■近义词：city:名词，城市；例句：Many people move to the city for better jobs.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词： village:名词，村庄；例句：There is a beautiful village at the foot of the mountain.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：go to town:到市区去；适用于描述去市区办事、购物等场景，语法上to后接城镇；例句：I usually go to town on Saturdays.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：in town:在城里；适用于描述某人在城镇内的场景；例句：Is he still in town？(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：town center:市中心；适用于描述城镇的中心区域；例句：The town center is very busy at weekends.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：old town:老城区；适用于描述城镇的古老部分； 例句：The old town has a lot of historical buildings..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are many small, (town)in this area.(答案：towns) (来源：教材) especially 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):尤其；特别；格外 I love all fruits,,especially apples..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):专门；特地 This book is written especially for beginners.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：especial;特别的，特殊的；例句：This occasion calls for especial attention.(来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：particularly:副词，尤其，特别；例句：Ilike all music,particularly classical music.（来源：牛津高阶词典) -近义词：specially:副词，专门地，特意地；例句：The movie was made specially for children.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：especially for:特别为；适用于描述为特定人群或目的而做某事的场景，语法上for后接特定对象；例句： This party is especially for you.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：especially when:尤其当…时候；适用于描述在特 定情况下更突出某一特点的场景，语法上when后接从句；例句：I like outdoor activities,especially when the weather is fine.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察其在句子中强调特定事物的用法：原题：I like many sports,. (especial)basketball.(答案：especially) (来源：教材) anywhere 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):在任何地方；往任何地方 You can go anywhere you like..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):随便哪里 We∥eat anywhere as long as it's cheap.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):根本；究竞 Is he anywhere near as clever as he thinks he is:?(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：anywhere(本身也可作名词，用于否定句、疑问句等，指任何地方)例句：I can't find my keys anywhere (来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：anyplace(adw.):在任何地方；例句：You can put it anyplace you want..(来源：韦氏大词典)-近义词： everywhere(adw.):到处；处处；例句：e looked everywhere for the lost child.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：get anywhere:有进展；有成就；适用于描述事情发展情况的场景，语法上常用于否定句和疑问句；例句： You won't get anywhere if you don't work hard.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：go anywhere:去任何地方；适用于描述 行动范围的场景，语法上可直接使用；例句：You can go anywhere you want in the holidays.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：作副词，用于否定句中表示全面否定；原题：1 didn't go_ _(anywhere./somewhere))last weekend..(答案：anywhere) 考法2：用于疑问句中，询问是否在任何地方：原题：Did you see my book._？(答案：anywhere) (来源：教材) breath 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):呼吸的空气 Take a deep breath.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):一次呼吸 She held her breath in excitement.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):微风 There isn't a breath of air..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：breathe;例句：Ve cannot exist without air,food and water.Ve breathe the air.(来源：朗文词典)形容词： breathless;例句：He was breathless after running.(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词：breathlessly;例句：She waited breathlessly for his answer.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：respiration:名词，呼吸；例句：Respiration is a complex biochemical process..(来源：柯林斯词典)近义 词：inspiration:名词，吸气；例句：Inspiration and expiration are processes in respiration..(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：hold one's breath:屏住呼吸；适用于需要暂时停止呼吸的场景，如潜水、紧张等待等；语法上one's 根据主语变化；例句：You need to hold your breath when you dive into the water..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语 2:out of breath:喘不过气来；适用于描述剧烈运动后呼吸急促的场景；例句：He was out of breath after run- ning up the stairs.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：catch one's breath:喘口气：适用于剧烈运动后或者紧张之后需 要恢复呼吸的场景；例句：Let me catch my breath before we start running again.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4： take a breath:吸一口气；适用于需要吸气的场景，可用于放松等；例句：Take a breath and calm down.(来源：朗文词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察固定搭配hold one's breath:原题：You should._your_ when you swim underwater.(答案：hold: breath)考法2：考察名词的拼写：原题：Taking a deep._(breath)can help you relax..(答案：breath) (来源：教材) silk [词义与词性 ■(n)（n.):丝；丝绸；蚕丝 This dress is made of sil讹.（来源：牛津高阶词典） ■(adj)(adj.):丝制的；丝绸的 She wore a s涨scarf.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：silken;如丝的；柔软光滑的；例句：The cat's fur was silken.（来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：satin:名词，缎子；例句：The bride was wearing a dress made of satin..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词： velvet:名词，天鹅绒；例句：The sofa was covered in velvet..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：silk road:丝绸之路；适用于描述历史文化、贸易路线等场景，语法上作为专有名词使用；例句：The Silk Road played an important role in cultural exchange.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：silk fabric:丝绸织物；适用于纺织、服 装等行业场景，语法上作为名词短语；例句：This silk fabric feels very soft..(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：silk thread: 丝线；适用于手工、缝纫等场景，语法上作为名词短语；例句：She used silk thread to sew the dress.(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词用法，注意其为不可数名词：原题：This kind of (silk)is very expensive.(答案：sik) (来源：教材) scenery 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):风景；景色；风光 The scenery of the West Lake is beautiful.(来源：外研社《英语》教材) 词性转换 ■形容词：scenic;例句：The scenic spots in this area attract many tourists.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：landscape:名词，风景；例句：The landscape in the mountain area is magnificent.(来源：牛津高阶词典) -近义词：view:名词，景色；例句：The view from the top of the hill is wonderful.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：natural scenery:自然风景；适用于描述自然景观的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：The natural scenery in the national park is amazing..(来源：外研社《英语》教材)短语2：beautiful scenery::美丽的风景；适用于描 述风景优美的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：Ne enjoyed the beautiful scenery along the way..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其本身形式：原题：The (scenery)in Guilin is famous al∥over the world.(答案：scenery) (来源：教材) nothing 词义与词性 ■(pron.)(pron.):没有什么；没有一件东西 've got nothing to do today..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):无关紧要的人（或事） She's just a nothing.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■没有常见的词性转换形式。 同近义词 ■近义词：nil:名词，零；没有；例句：The score was three-nil.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：naught:名词，无； 零；例句：All my efforts came to naught.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：nothing but::仅仅；只有；适用于强调只有某事物的场景，语法上后接名词、动词等；例句：He eats nothing but hamburgers.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：for nothing:免费；徒然；适用于描述免费获得或努力无结果的场 景；例句：You can have this book for nothing.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语3：nothing to do with:与…无关；适 用于说明事物间无关联的场景；例句：This has nothing to do with you.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作代词，考察其与介词的搭配：原题：There is」 _(nothing/anything)in the box.(答案：nothing)考法2：考察 固定搭配nothing but:原题：He did (nothing but/anything but)sleep al∥day.(答案：nothing but) (来源：教材) scarf [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):围巾；披巾；头巾 She wore a woollen scarf.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词复数：scarfs或scarves;例句：She has many beautiful scarves.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：shaM(n.):披肩；例句：The old woman wrapped a shawl around her shoulders..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a silk scarf:一条丝绸围巾；适用于描述围巾材质的场景，语法上a后接可数名词单数；例句：She bought a silk scarf for her mother..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：wear a scarf:.戴围巾；适用于描述穿戴配饰的场景，语 法上wear后接配饰名词；例句：You should wear a scarf in cold weather.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的复数形式；原题：There are many different kinds of(scarf)in the shop.(答案：scarves) (来源：教材) hotel 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):旅馆；酒店；饭店；宾馆 Ve stayed at a hotel near the airport.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：hotelier(旅馆老板；酒店经营者)例句：The hotelier welcomed us warmly..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：inn:名词，小旅馆；客栈例句：We stopped at an inn for the night..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-同义词：motel: 名词，汽车旅馆例句：They stayed in a motel on the way.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：check in(at a hotel):登记入住；适用于到达旅馆办理入住手续的场景，语法上at后接旅馆名称；例句：We checked in at the hotel at3p.m.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：check out(of a hotel)):结账退房；适用于离开旅馆 办理结账手续的场景，语法上of后接旅馆名称；例句：You should check out of the hotel before noon.(来源：牛津 高阶词典)短语3：hotel room:酒店房间；适用于描述酒店内的房间的场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：I booked a hotel room online.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：hotel staff:酒店员工；适用于描述酒店工作人员的场景，语法上是 名词短语；例句：The hotel staff are very friendly.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：There are many (hote)in this city..(答案：hotels) (来源：教材) comfortable 词义与词性 ■(ad.)(adj):使人舒服的；舒适的 This hotel room is very comfortable.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):感到舒服的；安逸的；自信而无忧虑的 She doesn't feel comfortable in formal clothes..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■-副词：comfortably;例句：He settled himself comfortably in the chair.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-名词：comfort;例 句：Ne should do all we can to ensure their comfort.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：cozy:形容词，舒适的；例句：They spent a cozy evening at home.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：snug: 形容词，温暖舒适的；例句：The children were snug in their beds.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：feel comfortable:感到舒适；适用于描述人的感受的场景，语法上主语一般是人；例句：|don't feel comfortable in this new environment.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：make oneself comfortable:使自己舒服自在；适用于招待 客人等场景，语法上oneself要和主语保持一致；例句：Make yourself comfortable and have a cup of tea.(来源：柯 林斯词典)短语3：comfortable with:对…感到自在；适用于表达对人或事物的感受，语法上with后接人或事物； 例句：She's not comfortable with public speaking..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作定语修饰名词；原题：We had a._(comfort)journey.(答案：comfortable)考法2：考察其副词形 式；原题：The old man lives__(comfortable)in the small house.(答案：comfortably) (来源：教材) sky 词义与词性