七年级下册Unit 8-2025初中英语词汇精讲（新人教版）

7年级下Unit8词汇精讲 Unit 8 silly 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):愚蠢的，傻的 It was sil训y of you to trust him.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj.):糊涂的，没头脑的 I felt silly when I realized my mistake..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj,)(adj):可笑的，荒唐的 The sil训y hat made her look funny..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■副词：sillily;例句：He behaved sil lily训at the party.(来源：剑桥词典)名词：silliness;例句：e laughed at the silliness of the situation.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：foolish:形容词，愚蠢的；例句：You're being foolish to take risks.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：stupid: 形容词，笨的；例句：Imade a stupid mistake.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：absurd:形容词，荒谬的；例句：The idea is absurd.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：silly mistake:愚蠢的错误；适用于描述犯错的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：He made a silly mis- take in the exam.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：silly idea:荒唐的想法；适用于表达对想法的评价场景，语 法上作名词短语；例句：That's a silly idea.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)短语3：be silly to do sth.:做某事很愚 蠢；适用于评判某人行为的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：You're silly to give up this chance..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作定语修饰名词：原题：What a一(sil训y)thing to do!(答案：sily)考法2：考察s训y 与其他形容词的辨析；原题：lts_(sil训y/clever)of him to believe such a lie.(答案：si训y) (来源：教材) afraid 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj)害怕的；畏惧的 The child is afraid of dogs..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):担心；生怕。 I'm afraid I can't come.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■-副词：fearfully(由形容词afraid加后缀-y转化而来，表示害怕地、恐惧地)例句：She looked at him fearfully.(来 源：韦氏大词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：scared(adj.):害怕的；惊恐的。例句：The little girl was scared when she sawthe snake.(来源：牛津高 阶词典)-近义词：frightened(adj.):受惊的；害怕的。例句：The frightened horse ran away.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be afraid of sth./sb.:害怕某人或某物：适用于描述人对人或事物的恐惧场景，语法上of后接害怕的对象； 例句：Many people are afraid of spiders.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be afraid to do sth.:不敢做某事；适用于 描述人因害怕而不敢进行某个动作的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：She is afraid to speak in public.(来源： 柯林斯词典)短语3：be afraid that.:担心…；适用于表达担心某种情况会发生的场景，语法上that后接从句； 例句：f'm afraid that it will rain tomorrow.(来源：韦氏大词典)短语4：'m afraid:用于礼貌地表示拒绝、不同意或 带来坏消息等；适用于委婉表达负面信息的场景，单独使用：例句：I'm afraid Ihave to leave now.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察固定搭配be afraid of:原题：Hes_ (be)afraid of snakes..(答案：is)考法2：考察be afraid后接宾语从 句：原题：m (afraid)I can't go with you.(答案：afraid) (来源：教材) praise 词义与词性 ■()(V.):表扬；赞扬；称赞 The teacher praised him for his honesty..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):表扬；赞扬；称赞 He basked in the praise of his classmates..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：praiseworthy(值得赞扬的)；例句：His efforts are praiseworthy.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去式I过去 分词：praised(规则变化，直接加-d):例句：The boss praised the employees yesterday..(来源：柯林斯词典)动 词现在分词：praising(直接加-ing):例句：She is always praising her children.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：commend::动词，表扬；例句：The manager commended the team for their hard work.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)近义词：acclaim:动词，称赞；例句：The critics acclaimed the new movie.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：praise sb.for sth.:因某事表扬某人；适用于描述表扬他人的场景，语法上for后接被表扬的原因；例句：The parents praised their son for his good grades.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in praise of:赞扬；歌颂；适用于表达对人 或事物赞扬的场景；例句：The article is in praise of the hero.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：sing sb.'s praises:高度赞扬 某人；适用于表达对某人的极度赞赏场景；例句：She's always singing her best friend's praises.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：The coach (praise)the players for their excellent performance last week. (答案：praised)考法2：考察固定搭配in praise of:原题：He wrote a poem his mother.(答案：in praise of). (来源：教材) decide [词义与词性 ■()(V.):决定；抉择；作出抉择 She decided to study medicine..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):使下决心；使作出决定 What decided you to accept the offer?(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：decision;动词后加-sion构成名词；例句：The decision was made too quickly.(来源：牛津高阶词典)形容 词：decisive;动词后加-ive构成形容词；例句：He gave a decisive answer..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式I过 去分词：decided;规则变化，直接加-d;例句：They decided to leave early.(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词： deciding;去e加-ing;例句：She is still deciding what to wear..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：determine:动词，决定；例句：The exam results will determine your future.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词： resolve:动词，决定；例句：He resolved to work harder..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：decide to do sth:决定做某事；适用于表达个人做出行动选择的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：I decided to learn a new language.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：decide on sth.:就…作出决定；适用于确定事 物、计划等的场景，语法上on后接名词或动名词；例句：Ne haven't decided on a date yet.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语3：decide against sth.:决定不做某事；适用于否定行动选择的场景，语法上against后接名词或动名词；例句： They decided against going on vacation this year.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He_ (decide)to go to the park yesterday..(答案：decided)考法2：考察 固定搭配decide to do sth.;原题：She_ (decide) (buy)a new dress..(答案：decided:to buy) (来源：教材) suddenly [词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):突然；忽然；猛地；骤然 Suddenly,the door opened and a stranger walked in..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-形容词：sudden;例句：All of a sudden,there was a sudden noise.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：abruptly:副词，突然地；例句：He left abruptly without saying a word..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： unexpectedly:.副词，出乎意料地；例句：The news arrived unexpectedly.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：all of a sudden:突然；适用于描述事情出乎意料发生的场景，语法上可位于句首或句中；例句：All of a sudden,it started to rain.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：suddenly appear:突然出现；适用于描述人或事物 突然出现在眼前的场景，语法上appear用原形；例句：A figure suddenly appeared in the darkness.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作副词修饰动词，考察其在句子中的位置；原题：The car stopped_ _(suddenly)just in front of me.(答案suddenly) (来源：教材) truth 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):事实；真相；实情 You must tell me the truth about this matter.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):真实性 There is no truth in what he says.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):真理 We must always seek the truth.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：true;例句：Is it true that you're leaving?(来源：牛津高阶词典)副词：truly:例句：He spoke truly..(来源： 柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：fact:名词，事实；例句：The fact is that we have lost the game.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：reality: 名词，现实；例句：Ne should face reality.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：tell the truth:说实话：适用于要求他人诚实表达的场景，语法上为固定短语搭配；例句：You must tell the truth about what happened.（来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in truth::事实上；适用于强调事实情况的场景，语法上 可单独作插入语；例句：In truth,he is not as bad as you think.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：to tell the truth:说实话； 适用于表达个人真实想法的场景，语法上可置于句首；例句：To tell the truth,I don't like this movie.(来源：朗文当 代英语词典)短语4：the whole truth:全部真相；适用于描述完整事实情况的场景，语法上可作宾语；例句：Iwant to know the whole truth.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：A∥these_ (tuth)have been proved.(答案：truths)考法2：考察固定搭配“tel∥ the truth”;原题：You should always_ (答案：tel∥the truth) (来源：教材) true 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):符合事实的；确实的；真实的 It is true that he has won the game..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(ad,)(adj.):trueto sth.忠诚的；忠实的 She remained true to her principles.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):笔直地；不偏不斜地 The arrow flew straight and true.(来源：韦氏大词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：true;副词：truly;名词：truth;动词：truify(使成真)；例句：He spoke truly about his feelings.(来源：柯林 斯词典)例句：You should always tell the truth.(来源：牛津高阶词典)例句：The story was truified in the end.(来 源：部分词典收录用法示例) 同近义词 ■同义词：real:形容词，真实的；例句：This is a real diamond.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：genuine:形容词， 真正的；例句：This is a genuine antique.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：authentic:形容词，真实可信的；例句： The painting is an authentic work of art.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：come true:(梦想、愿望等)实现；适用于描述梦想、计划等达成的场景，语法上come是不及物动词，tue 是表语；例句：His dream of becoming a doctor has come true..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：true to oneself::做真 实的自己；适用于表达个人坚持自我的场景，语法上to后接反身代词；例句：You should always be true to yourself.. (来源：剑桥词典)短语3：true love:真爱；适用于描述情感方面的场景，语法上是名词短语；例句：They believe in true love.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：hold true:适用；有效；适用于描述规则、情况等仍然成立的场景，语法 上hold是谓语动词；例句：This rule holds true in most cases.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作表语，描述事物的性质：原题：The news he told us is(true).(答案true)考法2：考察固定搭 配come true: 原题：I hope my dream will. one day..(答案：come true) (来源：教材) quickly 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):迅速地；很快；马上 He dressed quickly and went out.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-形容词：quick;表示快速的例句：Be quick,orwe‖be late.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：rapidly:副词，迅速地例句：The population is increasing rapidly.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典)；-近义 词：swiftly:副词，迅速地例句：He reacted swiftly to the emergency..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：as quickly as possible:尽可能快地；适用于描述需要快速完成某事的场景，语法上可置于句首或句末；例 句：You should come as quickly as possible.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：more quickly:更快地；适用于比较两 者速度的场景，语法上用于比较级；例句：He runs more quickly than me.(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：作副词修饰动词，考察其在句中的运用；原题：He finished his homework. (quickly).（答案quickly) (来源：教材) smile 词义与词性 ■()(v.):微笑；露出笑容 She smiled when she saw me.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):微笑；笑容 He had a big smile on his face..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：smiling;微笑的，喜气洋洋的；例句：The smiling face of the child is so cute.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)名 词复数：smiles;例句：There are many smiles in the photo.(来源：自编合理例句)动词过去式和过去分词：smiled; 规则变化，直接加-d;例句：He smiled at me yesterday..(来源：自编合理例句)动词现在分词：smiling;直接加 -ing;例句：She is smiling all the time.(来源：自编合理例句) 同近义词 ■同义词：beam(v.):笑容满面；眉开眼笑；例句：He beamed with pleasure.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：grin (v.):露齿而笑；例句：The boy grinned from ear to ear..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：smile at sb.:对某人微笑；适用于表达友好、善意等场景，语法上at后接微笑的对象；例句：She smiled at the baby.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：wear a smile:面带微笑；适用于描述人的表情状态，语法上wear为谓语 动词；例句：He always wears a smile..(来源：自编合理例句)短语3：smile away:一笑置之；适用于处理问题或 困难时以乐观态度应对的场景，语法上away为副词；例句：He smiled away the embarrassment..(来源：自编合理 例句)短语4：forced smile:强颜欢笑；适用于描述人内心不开心但表面装作开心的场景，语法上作名词短语：例 句：She gave a forced smile.(来源：自编合理例句) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：Look！The girl__ (smile)over there..(答案：is smiling)考法2：考察名词 单复数；原题：A∥the_一(smile)on their faces made me happy.(答案：smiles) (来源：教材) hate 词义与词性 ■(.)(V.):厌恶；讨厌；不喜欢 I hate Mondays.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):憎恨；憎恶 She hates her brother for what he did to her..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):厌恶：憎恨；反感 He looked at me with hate in his eyes.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：hateful;例句：The way he treats others is so hateful..(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：hatred;例句：His hatred for his enemy was obvious.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：hating;例句：She is hating this kind of situation..(来源：牛 津高阶词典)动词过去式和过去分词：hated;例句：He hated going to school when he was a child.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：dislike:动词，不喜欢；例句：I dislike horror movies.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：loathe:动词，厌恶； 例句：She loathes the smell of alcohol..(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词：detest:动词，憎恶；例句：He detests liars. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：hate to do sth：讨厌做某事；适用于表达个人对某件具体事情的厌恶情绪，语法上to后接动词原形；例 句：I hate to clean the house on weekends..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：hate doing sth.:讨厌做某事；适用于 表达个人对某种行为或活动的长期厌恶，语法上用动名词形式；例句：She hates getting up early..(来源：柯林斯 词典)短语3：hate sb.for sth:因某事而讨厌某人；适用于描述讨厌某人的原因，语法上for后接原因；例句： He hates her for always being late.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：hate sth.with a passion:极其厌恶某事；适 用于强调厌恶的程度，语法上with a passion作程度状语；例句：She hates spiders with a passion.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其一般现在时的第三人称单数形式：原题：She_一(hate)playing basketbal.(答案：hates)考法 2:考察固定搭配hate to do sth.:原题：1hate)to tell you the bad news..(答案：hate) (来源：教材) purr 词义与词性 ■(.)(v.):(猫等)发出咕噜声；（机器等）发出低沉震颤声 The cat purred contentedly as I stroked it.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):咕噜声；低沉震颤声 The purr of the engine was very soothing.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■现在分词：purring;例句：The cat was purring softly on my lap.(来源：牛津高阶词典)过去式和过去分词：purred; 例句：The motorbike purred past.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：murmur::动词，发出连续而低沉的声音；例句：The stream murmured over the pebbles..(来源：牛津高阶 词典)近义词：hum:动词，发出嗡嗡声；例句：The bees were humming in the garden.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：purr with satisfaction:满意地咕噜叫；适用于描述猫等动物的状态，语法上with后接表示情绪的名词；例 句：The kitten purred with satisfaction after a big meal..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：purr sth.out:咕噜咕噜地说 出；适用于描述动物或人轻声说话的场景；例句：She purred out a thank-you.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：The cat is ,(pum)happily.(答案：puring) (来源：教材) ugly 词义与词性 ■(ad)(adj.):丑陋的；难看的 The building is ugly.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):令人厌恶的；邪恶的 He has an ugly temper..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■副词：ugly→uglily;例句：He behaved uglily towards his friends.(来源：韦氏词典)名词：ugy→ugliness;例句： The ugliness of war is beyond description.(来源：朗文词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：hideous:形容词，极其丑陋的；例句：The witch had a hideous face.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：repulsive: 形容词，令人厌恶的；例句：The smell was really repulsive.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：ugly duckling:丑小鸭：适用于描述起初不被看好但后来有出色表现的人或事物，语法上作名词短语：例句： He was once an ugly duckling,but now he is a famous singer..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：ugly scene:丑恶的场 面；适用于描述混乱、不愉快的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：There was an ugly scene in the street last night, (来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：ugly truth:残酷的事实；适用于描述令人难以接受的事实，语法上作名词短语；例句： Ne have to face the ugly truth.(来源：朗文词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作定语修饰名词：原题：The (ugy)duckling turned into a beautiful swan.(答案：ugy) (来源：教材) real [词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj):真实的；实际存在的；非想象的 This is a real diamond.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):真正的；名副其实的 He is a real hero.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):(强调状况或情感)真正的，真实的 She has real concern for her students.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■副词：really;例句：He is really smart..(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：reality:例句：Ne should face reality.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：genuine:形容词，真正的；例句：This is a genuine antique.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：actual:形容 词，实际的；例句：The actual cost is higher than we expected.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：real estate:房地产；适用于描述房产相关场景，语法上作为名词短语；例句：He works in real estate.（来 源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：for real:真正地；适用于强调事情的真实性，语法上可单独使用；例句：Is he leaving for real?(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：in real life:在现实生活中；适用于对比现实和想象等场景，语法上用于句子 中作状语；例句：In real life,he is very kind.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词作定语的用法：原题：This is a._ (rea)stoy.(答案：real)考法2：考察副词real心y修饰形容词的 用法：原题：The movie is rea)exciting.(答案：really) (来源：教材) feather 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):羽毛；翎毛；羽状物 A bird was left behind with a few of its feathers on the ground.(来源：《英语沙龙》) 词性转换 ■形容词：feathery;有羽毛的；柔软如羽毛的；例句：Her hair had a feathery texture.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：plume:名词，羽毛；翎毛；例句：The bird displayed its colorful plumes.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词： quil:名词，翮；大翎毛；例句：The quill pen was a popular writing tool in the past..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：feather in one'scap:某人的荣誉；适用于描述某人获得成就或荣誉的场景，语法上作为名词短语使用；例 句：Winning the award was a real feather in his cap.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：as light as a feather:轻如羽 毛；适用于描述物体重量很轻的场景，语法上常作表语；例句：This pillow is as light as a feather..(来源：朗文当代 英语词典)：短语3：feather one's nest:营私；中饱私囊；适用于描述某人通过不正当手段获取利益的场景，语法 上作为动词短语使用；例句：He tried to feather his nest by taking bribes..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：The birds lost some of their. (feather)when they flew through the bushes.(答案： feathers) (来源：教材) size 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):大小；尺寸；规模 This island is triangular in shape and about100 square miles in size.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):尺码；号 What size shoes do you take?(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：sizable;相当大的；例句：He has made a sizable donation to the charity..(来源：柯林斯词典)