七年级下册Unit 4-2025初中英语词汇精讲（旧人教版）

7年级下Unit4词汇精讲 Unit 4 hallway [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):走廊；过道；门厅 I met her in the hallway outside my classroom.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■复数形式：hallways;例句：The hallways in this building are very long.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：corridor:名词，走廊；例句：The corridor was lined with paintings.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：passageway: 名词，通道；例句：The passageway led to a secret room.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in the hallway:在走廊里；适用于描述位置的场景，语法上hallway用单数或复数；例句：She left her shoes in the hallway..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：along the hallway:沿着走廊；适用于描述移动方向的场景，语法上 hallway用单数或复数；例句：He walked along the hallway to his office.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的单复数形式：原题：There are many classrooms along the_ (hallway).(答案：hallways) (来源：教材) arrive 词义与词性 ■()(V.):到达；抵达 Ve will arrive in Beijing tomorrow.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):送达；到来 The letter arrived this moming.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):成功；成名 She finally arrived as an actress..(来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：arrival;表示到达、抵达；例句：Ne are waiting for the arrival of the train.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-动词现在 分词：arriving;规则变化，直接加-ing;例句：He is arriving at the airport soon.(来源：柯林斯词典)-动词过去式 和过去分词：ariⅳed;规则变化，直接加-ed;例句：They arrived home late last night.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：reach:动词，到达；例句：Ne reached the top of the mountain..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：getto: 动词短语，到达；例句：I usually get to school at7:30.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：arrive in:到达（大地点）：适用于描述到达城市、国家等大地方的场景，语法上in后接大地点；例句：They arrived in Paris last week.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：arrive at:到达（小地点）；适用于描述到达学校、车站等 小地方的场景，语法上at后接小地点；例句：Ne arrived at the station on time.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：arie on:到达（某一天）；适用于描述到达的时间是具体某一天的场景，语法上on后接具体日期：例句：The delegation will arrive on Monday.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：arrive at a decision:做出决定；适用于需要做出决策的场景；例 句：Ne must arrive at a decision quickly..(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He (aive)in Shanghai yesterday.(答案：arrived)考法2：考察固定搭 配arrive in/at:原题：When will you Beijing?(答案：arrive in) (来源：教材) rule [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):规则：规章；条例 You must obey the rules of the game..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(V.):统治；管辖 The king ruled his country for many years..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):判定；裁定 The court ruled that the evidence was inadmissible.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：rule;形容词：ruling;动词：rule;过去式和过去分词：ruled(规则变化，直接加-d);现在分词：ruling(去 e加-ing);例句：The ruling party won the election.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：regulation::名词，规则，规章；例句：You should follow the regulations of the school..(来源：牛津高阶词 典)；近义词：govern:动词，统治，管理；例句：The president governs the country.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词： dominate:动词，支配，控制；例句：The strong team dominated the game.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：follow the rules:遵守规则；适用于描述遵守各种规则的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：Ve should follow the rules of the road.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：make a rule:制定规则；适用于描述制定规则的场景，语法上后 可接规则内容；例句：Our teacher made a rule that we should arrive at school on time.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3： rule out:排除；不考虑；适用于排除可能性等场景，语法上后接排除的事物；例句：Ne can't rule out the possibility ofrain.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：rule over:统治；管辖；适用于描述统治某地区等场景，语法上后接统治的 对象；例句：The queen ruled over the kingdom.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式；原题：There are many _(ule)in our school..(答案：rules)考法2：作动词，考 察其过去式形式：原题：The emperor (rule)the land for decades.(答案：uled) (来源：教材) listen [词义与词性 ■()(V.):听；倾听；听取 She likes to listen to music.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):听从；听信 You should listen to your parents'advice.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：listener;指听的人、听众；例句：The radio has many listeners.（来源：牛津高阶词典)现在分词：listening: 去e加ing:例句：He is listening to the teacher.(来源：朗文当代词典)过去式和过去分词：listened:规则变化，直 接加ed:例句：I listened to the story last night.(来源：剑桥词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：hear:动词，听见；例句：I can hear a bird singing..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：attend:动词，倾听； 例句：You should attend to what he says.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：listen to:听…；适用于描述听声音、话语等场景，to后接听的对象；例句：Listen to the rain.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)短语2：listen in:收听；适用于描述收听广播、节目等场景；例句：Ne listened in to the news.(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：listen out for:留心听；适用于需要留意某种声音的场景；例句：Listen out for the phone.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式：原题：Look!He」 (sten)to the radio.(答案：is listening)考法2：考察固定搭 配listen to:原题：Please ((listen)me carefully.(答案：listen to） (来源：教材) hall 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):门厅；走廊；过道 Leave your umbrella in the ha∥.（来源：牛津高阶词典） ■(n)(n.):礼堂；大厅 The concert will be held in the town hall.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):食堂；餐厅 The students are having lunch in the school hal.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■名词复数：hals;指多个门厅、礼堂等时使用；例句：There are two halls in this building.(来源：自编符合常见词典 例句规范) 同近义词 ■近义词：foyer:名词，门厅；例句：We waited for her in the foyer of the theater.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词： auditorium:名词，礼堂；例句：The auditorium can seat over a thousand people.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：city hall:市政厅；适用于描述城市政府办公地点的场景，为固定名词短语；例句：The meeting will be held at the city hall.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：concert hall:音乐厅；适用于音乐演出场所的场景，为固定名词短 语；例句：The famous pianist will perform in the concert hal.（来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：dining hall:食堂；适 用于学校、工厂等集体用餐的场景，为固定名词短语；例句：We have meals in the dining hall every day..(来源：朗 文当代英语词典)；短语4：town hall:市政厅；也可用于表示城镇的公共活动中心，为固定名词短语；例句：The town hall is a popular venue for community events..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：There are three (hall)in the school..(答案：hals) (来源：教材) fight 词义与词性 ■()(v.):打架；战斗：搏斗 They fought each other for the bal.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):争取；努力；奋斗 He fought for his rights.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):打架；战斗；搏斗 The two boys had a fight after school..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：fighter(战士；斗士；拳击手)例句：Muhammad Ali is a famous fighter..(来源：柯林斯词典)-动词过去 式I过去分词：fought(不规则变化)例句：They fought bravely in the war..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-动词现在分词： fighting(直接加-ing)例句：The two dogs are fighting over a bone.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：battle(n.Iv.):战斗；搏斗例句：The soldiers battled the enemy bravely.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义 词：struggle(v.):奋斗；挣扎例句：He struggled to get out of the fire.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：combat(n.I v.):战斗；格斗例句：The soldiers were in combat.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：fight for::为…而战：适用于描述为了某个目标、权益等进行斗争的场景，语法上for后接斗争的目标；例 句：They fought for freedom.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：fight against:与…作斗争；适用于描述对抗敌人、 困难等场景，语法上against后接对抗的对象；例句：Ne should fight against pollution.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3： fight with:与…打架；适用于描述人与人之间发生肢体冲突的场景；例句：Don't fight with your classmates.(来 源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：put up a fight:进行抵抗；适用于描述面对攻击、困难等时进行反抗的场景；例句：The defenders put up a fierce fight..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察动词的过去式形式（不规则变化：fight→fought);原题：He_ (fight)with his brother yesterday.(答案： fought)考法2：考察固定搭配fight for;原题：Ne should our dreams.(答案：fight for) (来源：教材) sorry 词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):难过；惋惜；同情 I'm somy to hear that your cat died.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj,)(adj):歉疚；惭愧；过意不去 'msoy"mate.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):不忍；遗憾 I"m somy to interrupt,,but I have to go now.(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■副词：sady:例句：He shook his head sadly.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；名词：sorrow;例句：He felt great sorrow at the news..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：regretful:形容词，后悔的，遗憾的；例句：He was regretful about his decision.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近 义词：apologetic:形容词，道歉的；例句：He gave an apologetic smile..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be sorry for sth.：为某事感到抱歉；适用于表达因某事而愧疚的场景，语法上for后接感到抱歉的事情；例 句：'m sorry for my mistake.（来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：be sorry to do sth.:很遗憾做某事；适用于表达不情愿 做某事的场景，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：m sorry to trouble you.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语3：say sorry tosb.:向某人道歉；适用于需要向他人表达歉意的场景，语法上to后接道歉的对象；例句：You should say sorry to your friend.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察固定搭配be sorry for sth.:原题：I'm(sorry)for what I said.(答案：soy)考法2：考察be sorry to do sth.结构；原题：im_一(somy)to tell you the bad news.(答案：sorry) (来源：教材) outside 词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):在外面；向外面 t's cold outside.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(prep.)(prep.):在…外面；向…外面 There is a tree outside the house.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):外面；外部 The outside of the building is very beautiful..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj.):外面的；外部的 The outside wall needs painting.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■-名词：outsider(局外人；外来者)例句：As an outsider,,he didn't understand the local customs.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)-形容词比较级：more outside(较少用，一般用outer)例句：The outer layer of the cake is chocolate.（来源： 柯林斯词典)-形容词最高级：most outside(较少用，一般用outermost)例句：The outermost planet in our solar system is Neptune.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：outdoors(adw.):在户外；在野外；例句：Children should play outdoors more often.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)-近义词：external(adj.):外部的；外面的；例句：External factors can affect our decision.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：outside of:在…之外；适用于描述范围的场景，语法上of后接范围；例句：Outside of work,he has many hobbies.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：go outside:出去；适用于描述离开室内到外面的场景；例句：Let'sgo outside and have a walk.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：on the outside:在外面；适用于描述物体表面的场景；例句： There is a label on the outside of the box.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：outside world:.外部世界；适用于描述除 自己所处环境之外的世界；例句：He is curious about the outside world.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作副词，考察其在句子中的位置：原题：Don't play._(outside)when it's raining.(答案：outside)考法2：考察 固定搭配outside of:原题： school,.he likes playing football..(答案：Outside of) (来源：教材) wear 词义与词性 ■()(v.):穿；戴；佩戴 She alays wears red.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):留着（须发等） He wears a beard.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(V.):面露，面带，呈现（某种神态） She wore a worried look.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(V.):磨损；损耗 The soles of my shoes are starting to wear.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):穿着；穿戴 This kind of wear is very popular among young people.(来源：朗文当代词典) [词性转换 ■形容词：wearable:可穿戴的；例句：Wearable technology is becoming more and more popular..(来源：柯林斯词 典)名词：wearer:穿戴者；例句：The wearer of the hat looks very cool..（来源：牛津高阶词典)过去式：wore; 过去分词：worm;例句：He wore a suit yesterday.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；The shoes are worn out..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：dress:动词，给…穿衣服；例句：She dressed her baby quickly.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：put on: 动词短语，穿上；例句：Put on your coat,.it's cold outside.(来源：朗文当代词典)近义词：have on:动词短语，穿 着；例句：She had on a beautiful dress.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：wear out::磨损；使疲劳；适用于描述物品被磨损或人感到疲惫的场景，语法上为动副结构；例句：The long -distance running wore him out..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：wear off:逐渐消失；适用于描述感觉、效果等逐渐 消失的场景，语法上为动副结构；例句：The pain will wear off soon.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：wear down:使疲 劳；使厌烦；适用于描述人被折磨的场景，语法上为动副结构；例句：The continuous noise wore me down.(来源： 朗文当代词典)短语4：wear away:磨损；消磨；适用于描述物体被磨损或时间被消磨的场景，语法上为动副结构； 例句：The waves wore away the rocks.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式：原题：He (wea)glasses last year.(答案woe)考法2：考察固定搭配wear out:原题：The shoes will soon if you keep walking like this.(答案：wear out) (来源：教材) uniform 【词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):制服；校服 The police officer was in uniform.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj)(adj):一致的；统一的；一律的 They were of uniform height..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：uniformed:穿制服的；例句：Uniformed police officers stood guard at the entrance.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 名词：uniformity:一致性；统一性；例句：There is a lack of uniformity in the way these tests are applied..(来源：柯林 斯词典)动词过去式/过去分词：uniformed(规则变化，直接加-ed);例句：The soldiers were uniformed and ready for battle.(来源：韦氏大词典)动词现在分词：uniforming:例句：They are uniforming the new employees.(来源：网络词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：livery(n.):制服；尤指仆人、司机等穿的制服；例句：The servants wore liveries.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义 词：costume(n.):服装；尤指用于演出、特殊场合的服装；例句：The actors wore beautiful costumes.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in uniform:穿着制服；适用于描述某人着装状态的场景，语法上in后接制服相关名词；例句：He looks very smart in uniform.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：a police uniform:警服；适用于描述特定职业制服的场景，语法上 a后接表示职业的名词；例句：He put on a police uniform.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)短语3：school uniform:校 服；适用于学校相关场景，语法上直接使用；例句：Students should wear school uniform on weekdays.(来源：剑桥 词典)短语4：uniform in:在…方面一致：适用于描述事物特征一致性的场景，语法上in后接表示特征的名词； 例句：They are uniform in their beliefs..(来源：韦氏大词典) 典型考法 考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式：原题：All the police officers were wearing.」 (unom.(答案：un而rms)考法2： 考察固定搭配in uniform;原题：The man ((in uniform)is my uncle.(答案：in unifor) (来源：教材) important 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj.):重要的；有重大影响的；有巨大价值的 t's important to protect the environment.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：importance;例句：e should realize the importance of learning English.(来源：柯林斯词典)：副词：importantly; 例句：Importantly,we must finish this task on time.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：significant(adj.):重要的，有意义的；例句：This is a significant event in history.(来源：牛津高阶词典)； 近义词：crucial(adj.):至关重要的；例句：This decision is crucial to our future.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：vital (ad.):至关重要的，生死攸关的；例句：Exercise is vital for good health.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be important for sb.:对某人来说是重要的；适用于描述事物对人的重要性场景，语法上for后接人；例句： Health is important for everyone.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：be important to sth:对某事是重要的；适用于描述 事物对另一事物的重要性场景，语法上to后接事物：例句：Hard work is important to success.(来源：柯林斯词典)： 短语3：it is important to do sth.:做某事是重要的；适用于表达做某事的重要性，语法上it作形式主语，真正主语是to do sth.;例句：It is important to follow the rules.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：attach importance to:重视；适用于表 达对事物的重视程度，语法上to后接重视的事物；例句：Ne should attach importance to education.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察固定句型it is important for sb.to do sth.:原题：It is important_(for/o1us_ _(learn)English we∥.（答 案：for:to learn):考法2：考察其名词形式importance:原题：We should know the_(important)of protecting animals.. (答案：importance) (来源：教材) bring 词义与词性 ■()(v.):带来；拿来；取来 Bring me the book,please..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):导致；使发生 The new policy will bring some changes.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(.)(v.):促使；说服 What brought you to this decision?(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■过去式：brought;过去分词：brought;现在分词：bringing;第三人称单数：brings;例句：He brought his friend to the party..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：fetch:动词，去拿来；取来；例句：Fetch me a glass of water.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：cary: 动词，携带；运送；例句：He can carry heavy things.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：take:动词，带去；拿走；例 句：Please take this book to the library.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：bring sb.sth./bring sth.tosb.:给某人带来某物；适用于描述传递物品的场景，语法上sb.为接受者；例句： Bring me a cup oftea.=Bring a cup oftea to me..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：bring about::导致；引起；适用于描述 事情产生的原因场景；例句：The invention brought about great changes..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：bring up:抚养； 养育；适用于描述养育孩子的场景；例句：She brought up her children alone.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：bring out: 使显现；使表现出；适用于描述展现出某种特质的场景；例句：This job brings out the best in him.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：He_一(bring)a present for me yesterday..(答案：brought)考法2：考察固 定搭配bring sb.sth;原题：Please_ _me some fruits.(答案：bring) (来源：教材) practice [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):练习；实践 Daily practice is the key to mastering a new skil训.（来源：牛津高阶词典） ■(n.)(n.):惯例；常规 It is the practice in our famil冰y to exchange gifts on Christmas Eve.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):练习；实践 You should practice speaking English every day..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：practice;动词：practise(英式英语)/practice(美式英语)；形容词：practical;例句：Ne need to find a practical solution to this problem.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：exercise:名词/动词，练习；例句：You should do more exercise to keep healthy.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近 义词：dri:名词/动词，操练；例句：The soldiers are having a drill.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：practice doing sth.:练习做某事；适用于描述通过反复做某事来提高技能的场景，语法上doing为动名词 形式；例句：She practices playing the piano for two hours every day.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：in practice: 实际上；在实践中；适用于将理论与实际情况对比的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：In theory,it's a good idea, but in practice,it's very difficult..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：put.into practice:把…付诸实践；适用于将想 法、计划等转变为实际行动的场景，语法上put后接要实践的内容；例句：Ne should put our plans into practice as soon as possible.（来源：柯林斯词典)短语4：make a practice of:经常做；养成…的习惯；适用于描述某 人习惯性的行为，语法上of后接习惯做的事情；例句：She makes a practice of getting up early.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法